KR101479702B1 - Apparatus for analyzing atmosphere - Google Patents

Abstract

An atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention comprises an actual unit which obtains actual measurement data observing the atmosphere and analyzes actual measurement data to output measurement unit data, a simulation unit for outputting simulation unit data simulating the state of the atmosphere, And a calculation unit that compares the data with the simulated unit data and calculates the atmospheric analysis data.

Description

Apparatus for analyzing atmosphere [0001]

The present invention relates to an atmospheric analysis apparatus for analyzing the atmosphere of the earth by analyzing absorption spectra of various constituents of the atmosphere.

Observation methods using ground observation network have mainly been carried out to observe pollutants in the atmospheric environment to date. The main reason for the monitoring of pollutants in the atmosphere through ground observation stations is that the initial costs for establishing the observatories are relatively low and the observation equipment can be managed directly.

However, there is a limit to the continuous increase of the ground observation network. Since these observational stations have only domestic observational data, there are many limitations on the source of the pollutants and the identification of the movement route.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0785630 discloses a method of measuring the distribution and concentration of yellow sand in the atmosphere by analyzing light of an infrared wavelength.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0785630

The present invention relates to an atmospheric analysis apparatus for analyzing the atmosphere of the earth by analyzing absorption spectra of various constituents of the atmosphere.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Other objects, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, It will be possible.

In one embodiment, the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention includes an actual unit that obtains actual observation data obtained by observing atmospheric conditions, analyzes actual measurement data, and outputs actual measurement unit data and a simulation unit that simulates the state of the atmosphere and outputs simulation unit data And a calculation unit that compares the actual unit data with the simulation unit data and calculates the analysis data of the atmosphere.

In one embodiment, the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention comprises: a measurement unit for processing an ultrasonic spectral data to calculate an inclined layer integral concentration of an aerosol or a trace gas; A simulated unit for simulating a chemical transport model and a radiative transfer model to calculate an air mass factor; And dividing the inclined layer integral concentration by the atmospheric mass factor to calculate the vertical layer integral concentration of the aerosol or the trace gas.

In one embodiment, the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention acquires ultrasonic spectral data using a geostationary-satellite ultrasonic sensor, processes the ultrasonic spectral data by differential absorption spectroscopy or radiation intensity fitting, The concentration or distribution of the contained aerosol or trace gas is calculated in real time for each region belonging to the observation range of the geostationary satellite.

According to the present invention, by using the ultra-spectral sensor of geostationary-satellite, high-resolution spectra can be collected in real time over a wide area.

By analyzing high-resolution spectrum in real time, it is possible to grasp the concentrations and distribution of gases such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and formaldehyde that can not be grasped in real time.

In addition, by enabling real-time grasping of the viscous pollutants, it is possible to provide information capable of responding flexibly to various environmental disasters.

1 is a schematic view showing an atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention.
2 is a schematic view showing a measurement unit of the present invention.
3 is a schematic view showing a simulation unit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a state where the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention receives data from a satellite.
5 is a flowchart showing the process of the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The sizes and shapes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience. In addition, terms defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may be changed according to the intention or custom of the user, the operator. Definitions of these terms should be based on the content of this specification.

1 is a schematic view showing an atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention. 2 is a schematic view showing a measurement unit of the present invention. 3 is a schematic view showing a simulation unit of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a state where the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention receives data from a satellite. 5 is a flowchart showing the process of the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the atmospheric analysis apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG.

Compared with the case of analyzing atmospheric constituents using a conventional weather station or aircraft installed on the ground, it is possible to measure a wide area when using the atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 of the present invention in the form of an environmental satellite payload, Such as sulfur dioxide or yellow sand, moving across the ground. Monolithic pollutants may include aerosols, and aerosols are collectively referred to as atmospheric particulate matter except clouds.

As a comparative example, a polar orbiting satellite is a satellite that is not fixed at one point when viewed from the ground, and passes through another position on the earth by time. Since the atmospheric analyzing apparatus 10 of the polar orbital satellite type in contrast to the present invention is not fixed at a specific position at a desired specific time, there is a disadvantage in that time and location freedom is lowered in the atmospheric analysis. Therefore, it may be difficult to observe the environmental pollutants such as sandstorms moving across the border.

On the other hand, since the atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 provided in the geostationary satellite system of the present invention is always located at a fixed position, the atmospheric analysis can be performed for a specific region without time limitation. In addition, it is easy to observe the pollutants and it is possible to precisely measure aerosol and gas components contained in the atmosphere in real time.

Geostationary orbiting satellites (30) are satellites in which the period of the satellite is the same as the Earth's rotation cycle. An object in geostationary orbit travels around the Earth at the same angular velocity as the Earth's rotation. The geostationary-atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 is fixedly located in a specific region of the earth at an altitude of 37,786 km, and thus a specific region can be observed in real time.

As described above, the atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 of the present invention is important in that geostationary orbit and real-time observation are possible. Also, by observing the change in the amount of radiation incident on the geostationary satellite located in the outer space through the atmosphere of the earth from the sun, the atmospheric component can be accurately measured. In addition, since the amount of radiation is measured by the ultra-spectral sensor, various kinds of gas components having different light absorption characteristics can be accurately analyzed.

To this end, the atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 of the present invention includes a measurement unit 100, a simulation unit 200, and a calculation unit 300. The measurement unit 100 obtains the actual measurement data observed in the atmosphere and analyzes the actual measurement data to output the measurement unit 100 data. The simulation unit 200 simulates the state of the atmosphere and outputs the data of the simulation unit 200. The calculation unit 300 compares the data of the actual unit 100 outputted from the actual measurement unit 100 with the data of the simulation unit 200 outputted from the simulation unit 200 and calculates analysis data of the atmosphere based on the result .

The atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 of the present invention can be implemented in the form of an environmental satellite payload. The actual measurement unit 100, the simulation unit 200, and the calculation unit 300 constituting the atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 of the present invention may be all mounted on the environmental satellite payload. In another embodiment, only the measurement unit 100 is mounted on the environmental satellite payload and measures the amount of solar radiation of the earth in the space, and the simulation unit 200 or the calculation unit 300 can be mounted on a ground station have. In various other embodiments, the measurement unit 100, the simulation unit 200, and the calculation unit 300 may be distributed at various locations such as an environmental satellite payload, a satellite observation station on the ground, and a data processing site in a remote place .

In one embodiment, the measurement unit 100 includes a sensor unit 110 and an optical operation unit 130. The sensor unit 110 and the optical operation unit 130 may be provided as one module or a separate module. The sensor unit 110 observes the sunlight received from the sun through the atmosphere to the geostationary orbiting satellite 30 and outputs ultrasound spectral data. The photolithography unit 130 obtains the spectroscopic spectral data output from the sensor unit 110 and calculates the inclination layer integral density for each type of gas contained in the atmosphere.

In one embodiment, the sensor section 110 comprises an ultra-spectral sensor and is mounted as an optical device in the geostationary satellite 30.

A typical spectroscope senses light at a limited number of wavelengths and senses changes in light intensity for a particular wavelength band. Since a specific substance has a light absorption characteristic for a specific wavelength band, the amount of a specific substance can be measured by analyzing a change in light intensity of a specific wavelength band sensed by the spectroscopic sensor. A mul-channel sensor, one of the conventional spectroscopic sensors, has a limitation in the remote measurement of various gases in the atmosphere because it mainly uses the limited number of wavelengths of less than 10 to calculate the target substance.

The hyperspectroscopic sensor of the present invention has a higher spectral resolution than conventional spectroscopic sensors. For example, the hyperspectroscopic sensor is capable of collecting radiation analysis data for a spectral band having a narrower wavelength width and a continuous spectrum band than a multispectral sensor . Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously analyze the concentration of each gas constituting the atmospheric mixed gas from the radiation amount data obtained at a specific time. The ultrasound spectral data collected through the ultra-spectral sensor of the present invention is more accurate than conventional spectral sensors in terms of accuracy of atmospheric analysis.

If a supersonic spectral sensor is mounted on a polar orbit satellite, it is possible to measure the concentration or aerosol concentration of each gas contained in the atmosphere by using the high resolution characteristic of the ultra-spectral sensor. However, since the position of the polar orbiting satellite is moved, Real-time waiting analysis is impossible. In contrast, the sensor unit 110 of the present invention includes an ultra-spectral sensor mounted on the geostationary satellite 30. Therefore, it has a high-resolution gas analysis characteristic of the ultra-spectral sensor and a real-time measurement characteristic of the geostationary satellite 30.

On the other hand, in the case of a polar orbiting satellite, a predetermined optical analysis accuracy can be ensured even if an ultrasonic sensor is mounted. However, in the case of the geostationary orbiting satellite 30, since it is located in a higher region than the case of a polar orbiting satellite, It is difficult to ensure accuracy. In the present invention, there is provided an ultra-spectral sensor having sufficient resolution and accuracy for the geostationary-satellite (30). According to the second employing geostationary of the spectroscopic sensor, the aerosol, the ozone (O ₃₎ of the measurement, as well as air observation is not possible with the existing real-time constituents of nitrogen dioxide (NO _2), sulfur dioxide (SO _2), formaldehyde (HCHO) Etc. can be calculated in real time.

The atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 according to the present invention employs an ultra-spectral sensor in the geosynchronous artificial satellite 30 to perform real-time analysis of aerosol and ozone (O ₃ ), as well as real time analysis of nitrogen dioxide ₂ ), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), and formaldehyde (HCHO).

In one embodiment, the sensor unit 110 outputs the ultrasound spectral data at intervals of at least one hour and provides the ultrasound spectral data to the optical calculator 130. The sensor unit 110 collects spectroscopic spectroscopic data every hour for real-time measurement, or ultra-spectroscopic spectroscopic data for several minutes, for example, for a higher time resolution.

The wavelength range of the ultrasound spectral data output from the sensor unit 110 is an ultraviolet to visible region, and thus it is possible to analyze nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde, which are major environmental gas contaminants.

The atmospheric analysis apparatus 10 utilizes the radiance measured with the geostationary satellite payload including the ultraviolet and visible ultrasound spectral sensors to determine the aerosol, the major environmental gas contaminants nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, atmospheric vertical layer integrals of ozone and formaldehyde Measure the concentration (VCD: Vertical Column Density).

However, since the observation path of the ultrasound sensor mounted on the satellite is not perpendicular to the ground surface, when the ultrasound spectral data is processed by the differential absorption spectroscopy or radiation intensity fitting method, the Slant Column Density (SCD) do. The air mass factor (AMF) is required to obtain the vertical layer integral concentration from the measured slope layer integral. The atmospheric mass factor is the value obtained by dividing the slope layer integral density by the vertical layer integral density.

The calculation method of the air mass factor (AMF) is as follows. Enter the emission data into the Chemical Transfer Model (CTM). Then, the vertical distribution of the target gases calculated through simulation in the chemical transport model and the geometric information at the time of satellite observation are inputted into the Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). Based on the input values, an atmospheric mass factor representing a ratio of the vertical layer integration concentration to the inclined layer integration concentration is calculated through simulation in the radiation transfer model.

The vertical mass integral value, which is the end result, is calculated by dividing the air mass factor, which is a simulated data value, into the slope layer integral density, which is the actual data value.

In one embodiment, the measurement unit 100 outputs the inclined layer integral concentration of the aerosol or the trace gas as the measurement unit 100 data. The slope layer integral concentration is obtained as follows.

Ultrasound spectrum data measured with ultrasound spectroscopy at every hour or higher time resolution in ultraviolet and visible regions are analyzed by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) or radiance fitting method to correspond to the corresponding satellite measurement angle The integral of the slope layer of the trace gas is obtained.

In one embodiment, the simulation unit 200 outputs an air mass factor as a simulation unit 200 data. The air mass factor is obtained as follows.

When the emission data is entered into the chemical transport model, the chemical transport model outputs the vertical distribution information of the trace gas or aerosol as a simulation value based on the emission data. Vertical distribution information is calculated every hour or with a higher time resolution. The satellite observation condition part 270 inputs the satellite observation geometric data to the radiative transfer model. The satellite observation geometry data includes at least one of an angle and an azimuth angle of the supersonic spectroscopic sensor to a target point on the ground surface, a position of the sun, and a surface reflectance. If the simulated vertical distribution information in the chemical transport model and the satellite observation geometric data provided in the satellite observation condition 270 are input together in the radiation transfer model, the radiation transfer model outputs the air mass factor.

The trace gas, which is the measurement target of the measurement unit 100, refers to a gas to be measured through ultrasound spectral data such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, and ozone. The trace gas as a simulation object of the simulation unit 200 refers to an atmospheric gas in which a simulation vertical distribution value required for data acquisition of the measurement unit 100 is calculated and includes nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, and ozone. Generally, it may contain a gas present in the atmosphere at a concentration of 1 ppm or less.

In one embodiment, the simulation unit 200 includes a feeder 210, a CTM simulation unit 230, a satellite observation condition unit 270, and an RTM simulation unit 250.

The supply unit 210 outputs the discharge amount data for each type of gas discharged into the atmosphere. The controller 210 receives the emission factor and the activity ratio, outputs the emission data, and the emission data is transmitted to the CTM simulation unit 230. The release factor is the information that causes each gas to be released, and the activity rate represents the emission intensity of each source.

The CTM simulation unit 230 simulates a chemical transport model that outputs a vertical distribution of each gas at a period of at least one hour to produce simulation data required for real-time atmospheric analysis. The chemical transport model receives the emission data and outputs information about the vertical distribution of the gases contained in the atmosphere.

The satellite observing condition part 270 provides satellite observation geometric data for satellite observation and provides it to the radiative transfer model. The RTM simulator 250 simulates a radiative transfer model that outputs an air mass factor at a frequency of at least one hour to produce simulation data necessary for real-time atmospheric analysis. The radiative transfer model outputs the air mass factor and provides it to the calculation unit 300.

In one embodiment, the calculation unit 300 receives the gradient layer integral density from the measurement unit 100, receives the atmospheric mass factor from the simulation unit 200, divides the gradient layer integral concentration by the atmospheric mass factor, The integral concentration is calculated.

By dividing the slope layer integral concentration of the trace gas calculated by differential absorption spectroscopy or radiant luminance fitting method by the air mass factor calculated in hourly or higher time resolution, it is possible to obtain, by hour or with a higher time resolution, The integral concentration is calculated.

In the present invention, differential absorption spectroscopy, emission data, chemical transport model, radiative transfer model, and gas layer integral concentration are required as means for observing atmospheric aerosol or gas concentration and distribution using observation data of geostationary orbital satellite 30 Do. Each of these will be described sequentially.

Hereinafter, the differential absorption spectroscopy will be described.

Differential absorption spectroscopy analyzes the observed ultrasound spectral data to calculate the slope layer integral concentration for atmospheric aerosols or gases.

Differential absorption spectroscopy is used to analyze the amount and type of atmospheric gas from measurements of sunlight transmitted through the Earth's atmosphere as well as sunlight scattered from the atmosphere or reflected from the Earth's surface.

Differential absorption spectroscopy is calculated using a relationship between the aspect of light intensity E ₀ prior to passing through the Earth's atmosphere, the solar intensity E after passing through the Earth's atmosphere. The relationship is as follows.

식 (1)

Equation (1)

As the sunlight passes through the atmosphere, its intensity decreases exponentially. The magnitude of the exponent in the exponential function means the degree of attenuation of the sunlight as it passes through the atmosphere. λ means the wavelength of sunlight. t _s (λ) denotes the Slant optical thickness. The tilted optical thickness is the optical thickness of sunlight passing through the atmosphere in an optical path in a geometric state that is not perpendicular to the ground. The inclined optical thickness is as follows.

식(2)

Equation (2)

e _λ (1) means the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere at the wavelength λ of the sunlight. dl is the derivative of the length for the light path. The integration is performed from the position l ₁ of the sunlight before passing through the atmosphere to the observed position l _{2 of the} sunlight after passing through the atmosphere. Equation (2) relates to both the sun's azimuth angle as well as the sun's wavelength. Unlike the oblique optical thickness, the vertical optical thickness τ (λ) can be expressed as:

식(3)

Equation (3)

dz is the length factor of the ground and the vertical axis, and H is the height of the top layer of the atmosphere. The vertical optical thickness means the optical thickness for the optical path where the extension line of the observation point on the ground is vertical.

The slope optic thickness can be divided into terms of two meanings and developed as the following equation (4). The spectral window means a wavelength region surrounded by a low transmittance region and exhibiting a relatively high transmittance. Within the observation wavelength range, the intensity at which light of a wavelength including the spectral window is transmitted through the atmosphere is assumed. If we can assume the extent to which the light in the spectral window is absorbed by a particular atmospheric gas species, the tilted optical thickness can be divided into two terms: the result of light absorption by gas and the result of Rayleigh scattering and aerosol absorption can do.

식(4)

Equation (4)

t _g (λ) is the term for the result of light absorption due to the gas. t _c (λ) is the term for the results due to Rayleigh scattering and aerosol absorption. If the atmosphere is clear without clouds, the t _g (λ) which is related to the absorption of light according to the gas type can be developed as follows.

식(5)

Equation (5)

σ _λ (1) means the absorption cross section (cm ² / mole). n (1) means the number density of the absorbing gas (mole / cm ³ ).

The logarithm of both sides of equation (1) and the equations (4) and (5) are used to reconstruct the Beer-Lambert law as follows.

식(6)

Equation (6)

I _λ (k) = E (λ) / E ₀ (λ) is the normalized intensity of sunlight and corresponds to k _λ (1) , the absorption coefficient. k _λ (1) is defined as k _λ (1) = σ _λ (1) n (1) .

The main purpose of measuring the amount of solar radiation transmitted in a spectral window containing absorption bands of atmospheric gas type is to estimate the amount of gas species in the atmosphere. To estimate the amount of gas species, equation (6) should be interpreted for absorption concentration n (1) .

If the spectrum window width is narrow, t _c (λ) is

식(7)

Equation (7)

N is the order of the polynomial. a _k is a polynomial coefficient. The above approximation is possible when the absorption cross section, σ _λ (l) , shows a rapid change with wavelength.

For the absorption cross-sectional area, it is assumed that it is divided into two terms as follows.

식(8)

Equation (8)

는 파장에 따라 변화가 느린 경우이다.

는 파장에 따라 변화가 빠른 경우이다.The absorption cross-sections divided into two terms are distinguished according to the amount of change in the selected spectrum window.

Is a case where the change is slow depending on the wavelength.

Is a fast change with wavelength.

는 차등흡수단면적(Differential absorption cross section)이다.In differential absorption spectroscopy

Is a differential absorption cross section.

Equation (6) can be expanded as follows using Equation (7) if the error due to approximation is neglected.

식(9)

Equation (9)

Equation of Expression (9) demonstrates a linear relationship between the function n (l) for searching the measured function lnI _λ (k). For example, contributions of unknown parameters such as Rayleigh scattering and aerosol absorption are approximated by polynomials.

은 필수적인 항이다. 식(9)에 σ _λ (l)에 관련된 식(8)을

의 항이 적분식 내에서 근사되어 사라지는 것을 고려하여 대입하면 다음과 같이 전개할 수 있다.
Equation (9) and Equation (10) below are the differential absorption spectroscopy equations (DOAS equation). Differential absorption spectroscopy The absorbing cross-section rapidly changes with wavelength in the equation

Is an essential term. Equation (8) related to σ _λ (l) is given by

Is considered approximate and disappearing within the integral equation, it can be expanded as follows.

식(10)

Equation (10)

를 해석하여 대기의 가스 종류에 따른 양을 해석할 수 있다.If we can not approximate by a polynomial of the same order,

And interpret the amount depending on the gas type of the atmosphere.

However, the relation between slope layer integral concentration and vertical layer integral concentration can not be analyzed by standard differential absorption spectroscopy. To interpret this, additional interpretation steps must be linked. In other words, the differential absorption spectroscopy uses the spectral data observed from the satellite to calculate the slope layer integral concentration, and an air mass factor is required to convert the slope layer integral concentration to the final data, vertical layer integral concentration.

Hereinafter, the emission data will be described.

Emission data is data that enters the input value of the chemical transport model. The emission of each gas is calculated according to the emission cause of each gas contained in the atmosphere.

Emission data is basically calculated as the product of the emission factor and the activity rates. In the calculation of emissions data, the activity rate of the individual emissions, the effect of eliminating emissions by all emission abatement technologies, and the unabated emission factors are required.

Emission factor is the emission factor for calculating the degree of air pollution for each pollutant. Emission factors for anthropogenic emissions can be estimated, for example, emissions of air pollutants from quantities produced at each plant and burned fuel. Natural emissions can be estimated, for example, from species and vegetation distributions. Activity rate means activity intensity of release factor.

Emission data used as initial inputs for the chemical transport model are largely composed of anthropogenic emissions and natural emissions.

The formula for emissions data can be developed as follows.

Equation (11)

Emission means emissions. j is an index with meanings for Species, k for Region, l for Sector, m for Fuel and Activity, and n for abatement technology. A is the activity rate. ef means the unabated emission factor. η means the abatement effect of abatement technology n . α means the elimination effect when the abatement technique n is applied with the capability of the maximum value.

X means the actual application rate of the abatement technique n . X is as follows for all abatement techniques n .

식(12)

Equation (12)

The parameters α _{j, k, l, m, and n} are used only for non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC).

If the level of abatement technology is low, then the emissions are simply the activity rate and the production of the release factor.

식(13)

Equation (13)

The following is a description of the chemical transport model.

The chemical transport model uses the emission data as the input value, and calculates the vertical distribution of the trace gas and aerosol and provides it to the radiative transfer model.

The chemical transport model is updated in real time to reflect the emission data in order to correspond to the spectral data observed in real time on the geostationary satellite (30).

The chemical transport model simulates the atmospheric chemical changes in the atmosphere, including the formation, transport, alteration, and movement of air components in the troposphere and stratosphere, as well as the chemical composition of the air, the activity of rare elements contained therein, and photochemical reactions Computational numerical model.

The following is a description of the copy delivery model.

The radiative transfer model simulates the state of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The radiative transfer model mathematically simulates the absorption, emission and scattering of radiant energy. The expression for the transmission of a monochromatic radiation with a frequency v passing through a parallel plane of the medium can be expanded as follows.

식(14)

Equation (14)

u _ν (τ _ν , μ, φ) is the specific light intensity along the direction of μ , φ at τ _ν , the optical thickness measured vertically at the surface of the medium. μ is the cosine of the polar angle. φ means the azimuthal angle.

S _ν can be expanded as follows for the light source.

Equation (15)

ω _ν means sing-scattering albedo. Single scattering albedo means energy reduction due to scattering and absorption of light propagating in the atmosphere, which means the ratio of scattering optical thickness to total optical thickness. P _ν (τ _ν , μ, φ; μ ', φ') denotes the phase function. In a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), the heat source Q _ν for heat release can be expanded as follows.

식(16)

Equation (16)

B _ν (T) is the Planck function for frequency ν and temperature T. In a non-luminescent medium, when a ray is incident parallel to the directions of μ ₀ and φ ₀ , Q _ν can be expanded as follows.

Equation (17)

μ ₀ I ₀ means incident flux. Q _ν , which includes equations (16) and (17), can be developed into two terms: incident light and thermodynamic heat source.

Equation (18)

In the following expressions, the subparameter v is omitted for simplification of the notation.

From the expansion of the phase function P (τ, cos θ) and the Fourier series of cosine terms (Fourier cosine series) in 2N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 0) series Legendre polynomials, have.

식(19)

Equation (19)

From the equation (19), we can develop 2N independent equations by combining equations (14) and (15), and the individual equations are as follows.

(m = 0, 1, 2, ...., 2N-1)

The detailed equations substituted in equation (20a) are developed as follows.

(20b)

(20c)

(20d)

δ _m0 has a value of 1 if m = 0 and 0 in a number other than 1.

식(20e)

(20e)

식(20f)

(20f)

는 르장드르 다항식이다.

는 연관 르장드르 다항식(Associated Legendre polynomial)이다. θ는 산란의 전후 방향의 벡터 사이 각을 의미한다. 식(20)은 방위 구성요소에 대한 정보를 준다. 식(19)는 광 세기에 의존하는 완벽한 방위각을 준다.

Is the Leandrod polynomial.

Is the Associated Legendre polynomial. θ denotes the angle between vectors in the forward and backward directions of scattering. Equation (20) gives information about bearing components. Equation (19) gives a perfect azimuth angle depending on the light intensity.

In the radiative transfer model, the light incident angle information and the light intensity information can be used to calculate the atmospheric mass factor necessary for converting the measured slope layer integral concentration to the vertical layer integral concentration.

The following is a description of the air mass factor.

The air mass factor is the output of the radiative transfer model and is calculated by taking the vertical distribution of the target gases obtained from the chemical transport model and the satellite observational geometric data as input variables in the radiative transfer model.

The atmospheric mass factor enables to obtain the vertical layer integral concentration, which is the final calculation data, from the measured slope layer integral density. The air mass factor AMF is as follows.

식(21)

Equation (21)

SCD _mod is the simulated slope layer integral concentration, and VCD is the simulated vertical layer integral concentration.

식(22)

Equation (22)

VCD _effective is the actual vertical layer integral concentration to be finally calculated. The SCD _obs is the measured value of the slope layer integral density obtained by differential absorption spectroscopy of the spectral data observed from the satellite.

The gas-phase integral concentration means the mass of a substance per unit area obtained by integration along the path in the atmosphere. In the present invention, the distance between the top of the satellite or the atmosphere, which is an observation position, and the ground, which is an object to be observed, is a path. The gas layer integral concentration along the path not perpendicular to the ground is the inclined layer integral concentration, and the gas layer integral concentration along the path normal to the ground is the vertical layer integral concentration.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the following claims.

10 ... atmosphere analyzer 30 ... geostationary satellite
100 ... measurement unit 110 ... sensor unit
130 ... optical operation unit 200 ... simulated unit
210 ... Supplier 230 ... CTM Simulation Department
250 ... RTM simulation part 270 ... satellite observation conditional part
300 ... calculation unit

Claims (17)

A measuring unit for obtaining actual measurement data observed in the atmosphere and analyzing the actual measurement data and outputting measurement unit data;
A simulation unit for simulating the state of the atmosphere and outputting simulation unit data;
And a calculating unit for comparing the actual unit data with the simulated unit data and calculating the analysis data of the atmosphere,
The simulated unit includes:
And outputting emission data for each type of gas emitted to the atmosphere;
A CTM simulator for simulating a chemical transport model for outputting information on the vertical distribution of the gas contained in the atmosphere,
Satellite observations that provide satellite observational geometric data for satellite observations,
And an RTM simulator for simulating a radiative transfer model that outputs an air mass factor.
The method according to claim 1,
The measuring unit includes:
A sensor unit for observing sunlight passing through the atmosphere from the sun to the geostationary satellite and outputting ultrasound spectral data;
And an optical calculator for obtaining the spectroscopic spectral data output from the sensor unit and calculating an inclined layer integral density for each type of gas contained in the atmosphere.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the sensor unit provides the ultra-spectral spectral data to the optical operation unit at a period of at least one hour.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the wavelength region of the ultrasound spectral data is an ultraviolet to visible region.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the light arithmetic unit processes the ultrasound spectral data by differential absorption spectroscopy or radiation intensity fitting to calculate the inclination layer integral density.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the gas from which the slope layer integral concentration is calculated is at least one of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde or ozone.
delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the providing unit receives the emission factor and the activity ratio and outputs the emission data,
The emission factor is information that causes emission of each gas,
Wherein the activity ratio is indicative of the intensity of the emission of each of the emission sources.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the chemical transport model receives the emission data and outputs a vertical distribution of the gas.
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the CTM simulator simulates the chemical transport model for outputting the vertical distribution of the gas at a period of at least one hour.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the satellite observation conditional part inputs the satellite observation geometry data to the radiative transfer model,
Wherein the satellite observational geometric data comprises at least one of an angle and azimuth, a position of the sun, and a surface reflectance of a target point on the surface of the satellite hyperspectral sensor.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the radiative transfer model receives the information on the vertical distribution of the gas and the satellite observation geometric data and outputs the air mass factor.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the gas for which the emission data or the vertical distribution is calculated comprises a trace gas and an aerosol,
Wherein the trace gas is present in the atmosphere at a concentration of at least 1 ppm or less.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the calculating unit comprises:
Wherein the control unit receives an inclination layer integral density of each gas contained in the atmosphere from the measurement unit, receives an air mass factor from the simulation unit,
Wherein the vertical layer integral concentration of each gas is calculated from the inclined layer integral concentration and the atmospheric mass factor.
15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the gas is at least one of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde or ozone.
A measurement unit for processing the ultrasound spectral data to calculate the inclined layer integral concentration of the aerosol or the trace gas;
A simulated unit for simulating a chemical transport model and a radiative transfer model to calculate an air mass factor; Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the vertical layer integral concentration of the aerosol or the trace gas is calculated by dividing the inclined layer integral concentration by the air mass factor.
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