CN111859695B - Atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectrum - Google Patents

Atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectrum Download PDF

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CN111859695B
CN111859695B CN202010737590.1A CN202010737590A CN111859695B CN 111859695 B CN111859695 B CN 111859695B CN 202010737590 A CN202010737590 A CN 202010737590A CN 111859695 B CN111859695 B CN 111859695B
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刘诚
张成歆
苏文静
夏丛紫
赵飞
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Abstract

The invention discloses an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on a high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectral region. Moreover, secondary spectrum calibration under the conditions of low spectrum signal-to-noise ratio and poor stability can be realized according to the characteristics and spectral characteristics of the high-resolution fifth instrument, and the inversion accuracy is further improved.

Description

Atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectrum
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air quality remote sensing monitoring, in particular to an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on a high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral technology.
Background
Accurate monitoring of atmospheric pollution is an important prerequisite for pollution problem management and control and management. The conventional atmospheric pollution monitoring of the existing ecological environment department depends on means such as foundation chemical in-situ detection, foundation optical remote sensing observation and the like, and cannot realize continuous and effective observation in a large range for a long time. Satellite observation can generally realize global observation in a large range, and has the advantages that landing monitoring cannot reach. However, due to complex spatial conditions such as cosmic ray radiation, oxygen atom exposure and ultraviolet exposure, spectral quality and product inversion accuracy are also easily limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum of a high-resolution five-satellite, which can realize continuous and effective observation of atmospheric pollution components in a large range for a long time.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on a high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectral comprises the following steps:
acquiring a hyperspectral data set of ultraviolet and visible light channels of a high-resolution five-satellite, normalizing the radiance of the earth by using solar irradiance data in the hyperspectral data set, and acquiring an albedo spectrum of an atmospheric dome observed under a satellite viewing angle;
according to the exponential extinction characteristic of sunlight in the atmosphere, a radiation transmission model in a linear form is constructed by combining an albedo spectrum of an atmospheric dome;
and (3) inversing the inclined column concentration of the trace gas in a linear fitting mode based on the radiation transmission model.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the column concentration of the atmospheric pollution component can be accurately obtained by performing inversion calculation on the ultraviolet visible hyperspectral of the high-resolution five-satellite, so that the continuous and effective observation of the atmospheric pollution component in a large range for a long time can be realized.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum of a high-resolution five-satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of another atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum of a high-resolution five-satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows secondary radiometric calibration coefficients of the high-resolution five-channel spectrum and observation errors thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the NO before and after the second calibration for the top-scoring fifth satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention2Spectrum inversion results;
fig. 5 is a spectrum inversion result of a high-resolution five ultraviolet-visible spectrum example and four main trace gases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows troposphere NO of a high-score five satellite in month according to an embodiment of the present invention2Average distribution of column concentration;
FIG. 7 shows the global distribution of the concentration of ozone in a satellite with a high score of five on a day according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the HCHO column concentration distribution of the satellite with high score five in a local area for a certain period of time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows the concentration distribution of the satellite SO2 with high score in a local area of january according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on a high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral, as shown in figure 1, the atmospheric pollution component inversion method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a hyperspectral data set of ultraviolet and visible light channels of a high-resolution five-satellite, normalizing the radiance of the earth by using solar irradiance data in the hyperspectral data set, and acquiring an albedo spectrum of an atmospheric dome observed under a satellite viewing angle.
In the embodiment of the invention, the albedo spectrum R of the atmosphere cap is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Figure BDA0002605525440000021
wherein, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the spectrum, theta is the solar zenith angle, I is the earth radiance, E is the solar irradiance data, and pi is the circumferential rate.
In general, the resolution of the acquired ultraviolet and visible light channel hyperspectral data is less than 0.5nm, and the solar irradiance data E and the earth radiance I are part of the hyperspectral data.
And 2, constructing a radiation transmission model in a linear form according to the exponential extinction characteristic of sunlight in the atmosphere and by combining an albedo spectrum of the atmosphere roof.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula of the radiation transmission model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002605525440000031
wherein λ is wavelength corresponding to spectrum, R (λ) is albedo spectrum of atmosphere cap, and σ isi(lambda) is the absorption cross section of the trace gas,
Figure BDA0002605525440000032
for convolution symbols, L (λ) is the instrument response function of high-score five, SiIs the oblique column concentration of the gas, i is the gas species in the trace gas, and p (λ) is a polynomial representing the rayleigh scattering of light in the atmosphere, the rice scattering, and the reflection effects of clouds and the ground.
And 3, inverting the inclined column concentration of the trace gas in a linear fitting mode based on the radiation transmission model.
In the embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric pollution component mainly considers trace gas, and comprises the following components: nitrogen dioxide (NO)2) Ozone (O)3) Sulfur dioxide (SO)2) Formaldehyde (HCHO), and the like.
Considering that the high-grade five-grade load is influenced by on-orbit calibration in a space environment, the noise of an instrument greatly interferes with the signal-to-noise ratio of a measured spectrum, so that the accuracy of inversion gas is limited, and even the detection difficulty of part of weakly-absorbed gas is improved. The embodiment of the invention is further optimized on the basis of the scheme, provides a secondary calibration scheme which is suitable for the characteristics and spectral characteristics of a high-resolution fifth instrument and can realize the situations of low spectral signal-to-noise ratio and poor stability, and brings the result obtained by secondary calibration into the scheme for inversion calculation so as to obtain a high-precision inversion result.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the optimized inversion method; the optimization process mainly comprises the following three parts:
firstly, carrying out parameterization calibration on spectral wavelength and instrument response function in a hyperspectral data set to obtain earth radiance after secondary calibration, and calculating a new albedo spectrum of the atmospheric dome by using the earth radiance after secondary calibration.
The spectral wavelength λ can be provided in the high-resolution five-satellite level 1 data, and has a great influence on the linear spectral fitting in the step 3. Due to temperature drift and the influence of a space complex environment, the wavelength lambda needs to be recalibrated. Introduction of parameter ΔλRepresents the offset of the wavelength λ, aj(λ-λc,j) Representing the central wavelength lambda with respect to the jth wavelength windowc,jStretching amount (a) ofjIs the stretch coefficient). High resolution solar original spectrum I before spectrum inversion0And absorption cross section σ of trace gasj(Each type of gas has multiple wavelength windows, all σjConstitute σ as described hereinbeforei) It is necessary to convolve the instrument response function with the high score of five. Therefore, the calibration of the instrument response function also directly affects the accuracy of the spectral inversion. Here, the method is carried out by constructing a parameterized superscalar function L in the jth wavelength windowjThe instrument response function is simulated, which can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002605525440000041
where ω and k are the width and shape factor, respectively, and Γ is the gamma function.
Then, the simulated radiance I' (λ) after wavelength calibration and instrument function correction (i.e. the earth radiance after quadratic calibration) can be represented by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002605525440000042
and substituting the earth radiance I ' (lambda) calibrated twice into the calculation formula in the step 1 to calculate a new albedo spectrum R ' (lambda) of the atmosphere cap, wherein the new albedo spectrum R ' (lambda) is used as a high-resolution five-sign actual measurement spectrum of the albedo of the atmosphere cap.
And secondly, performing linear correction on the radiant quantity of the high-resolution five-number actual measurement spectrum of the albedo of the atmosphere top by using the radiation transmission analog value to obtain a corrected albedo spectrum of the atmosphere top.
Due to the fact that performance parameters of a two-dimensional CCD carried by a high-resolution five-satellite are inconsistent on a row pixel and the defects of spectral noise calibration, difficulty is brought to gas composition inversion.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-resolution five-number actual measurement spectrum R' (lambda) of the albedo of the atmospheric cap and the radiation transmission analog value R are obtained by constructing a full-physical atmospheric radiation transmission equationm(lambda) comparing; according to the difference of the two regions within 15 degrees of the global latitude, the high-resolution five-number actual measurement spectrum of the albedo of the atmospheric top is subjected to linear correction, namely recalibration, and the correction coefficient is subjected to minimum variance chi2Obtaining:
Figure BDA0002605525440000043
wherein a and b are linear correction coefficients, deltaRFor the estimated radiance noise, a · R' (λ) + b is the radiance corrected albedo spectrum.
Selecting a spectrum waveband with absorption intensity meeting the set requirement from each trace gas, and performing spectrum fitting in the selected waveband by combining the modified albedo spectrum of the atmosphere cap to invert the inclined column concentration of the trace gas.
In the examples of the inventionSelecting a spectrum band with strong absorption corresponding to each gas according to the set absorption intensity; the following exemplary spectral band values are given: NO2(425.0-470.0nm)、O3(320.0-340.0nm)、SO2(310.5–320.0nm)、HCHO(330.0-358.0nm)。
And (3) constructing a radiation transmission model by referring to the mode of the step (2) based on the selected spectrum wave band and the corrected albedo spectrum of the atmosphere top, and performing inversion to the inclined column concentration of the trace gas through the step (3).
Further, to convert the concentration of the diagonal columns into the concentration of the physically significant vertical columns of gas along the surface to the top of the atmosphere. The concentration of the batter post mentioned below may be the concentration of the batter post obtained before calibration or after the aforementioned calibration scheme, but of course, the concentration of the batter post obtained after the calibration scheme is preferred in view of accuracy.
The atmospheric photon radiation transmission under the observation geometry of the high-branch five-number satellite can be simulated through the established radiation transmission equation (the aforementioned step 2 is a linear form model, and a complex numerical model is given below), and the proportion of the actual optical path to the optical path of the vertical path, namely the effective optical path M, can be simulated and calculated, and the calculation relationship of the effective optical path M in the radiation transmission is as follows:
Figure BDA0002605525440000051
wherein f is the scattering weight of each atmosphere with respect to the solar zenith angle θsAnd an observation apex angle thetavRelative azimuth angle phi, surface albedo gamma, surface pressure p0Function of ptopIs the top pressure of the atmosphere or the convection layer, and p is the pressure of each atmosphere.
And then converting the inclined column concentration S of the trace gas into a vertical column concentration V by using the effective optical path M obtained by simulation: and V is S/M. V, S contains all trace gas species here.
In addition, in order to accelerate the calculation efficiency in the data processing of the high-resolution five-number satellite, the calculation in the radiation transmission is based on the effective optical path length MA relational expression, pre-calculating a set of effective optical distances M with respect to an input parameter thetas,θv,φ,γ,p0,ptopAnd fixing the numerical value at the lattice point, and storing the calculation result in a six-dimensional lookup table. In the actual calculation process, the effective optical distance M corresponding to the current input parameter is determined by carrying out multi-dimensional linear interpolation through a six-dimensional lookup table.
Through the method, a series of irregular vertical column concentrations V can be calculated, and for V of irregular grid points obtained by daily inversion of all orbits of a high-grade five-point satellite, the grid is arranged on longitude and latitude regular grid points of the whole world by utilizing a p-spline interpolation technology.
Fig. 3-9 show a series of examples of inversions. FIG. 3 shows the radiometric calibration coefficient a of the top five UV channel spectrum and its observation error. FIG. 4 shows NO before and after secondary calibration for top-scoring five satellites2And (5) spectrum inversion results. Fig. 5 is a high-resolution five-number ultraviolet visible spectrum example and spectrum inversion results of four main trace gases, the upper and lower four graphs respectively comprise a measurement curve and a fitting curve, and the visible inversion accuracy is high. FIG. 6 shows the troposphere NO of a high-grade five-size satellite in a month2Average distribution of column concentration. FIG. 7 shows the global distribution of the concentration of ozone in satellite five, which is high score on a certain day. Fig. 8 shows the HCHO column concentration distribution of a satellite with high resolution five in a local area over a certain period of time. Fig. 8 shows the concentration distribution of the high-grade five-size satellite SO2 column in a local area of a month of January.
Through the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the above embodiments can be implemented by software, and can also be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform. With this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.), and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. An atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on a high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectral is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a hyperspectral data set of ultraviolet and visible light channels of a high-resolution five-satellite, normalizing the radiance of the earth by using solar irradiance data in the hyperspectral data set, and acquiring an albedo spectrum of an atmospheric dome observed under a satellite viewing angle;
according to the exponential extinction characteristic of sunlight in the atmosphere, a radiation transmission model in a linear form is constructed by combining an albedo spectrum of an atmospheric dome;
inverting the oblique column concentration of the trace gas in a linear fitting mode based on a radiation transmission model;
optimizing the scheme, and obtaining an inversion result through secondary calibration, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: carrying out parametric calibration on spectral wavelength and an instrument response function in the hyperspectral data set to obtain earth radiance after secondary calibration, and calculating a new albedo spectrum of the atmospheric dome by using the earth radiance after secondary calibration to serve as a high-resolution five-number actual measurement spectrum of the albedo of the atmospheric dome; then, linearly correcting the radiant quantity of the high-resolution five-number actual measurement spectrum of the albedo of the atmosphere top by using a radiation transmission analog value to obtain a corrected albedo spectrum of the atmosphere top; selecting a spectral band with absorption intensity meeting set requirements from each trace gas, and performing spectral fitting in the selected spectral band by combining the modified albedo spectrum of the atmosphere cap to invert the inclined column concentration of the trace gas.
2. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution fifth satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral technology is characterized in that the albedo spectrum R of an atmospheric cap is calculated according to the formula:
Figure FDA0003039103970000011
wherein, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the spectrum, theta is the solar zenith angle, I is the earth radiance, E is the solar irradiance data, and pi is the circumferential rate.
3. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum of the high-resolution five-satellite is characterized in that the formula of the radiation transmission model is as follows:
Figure FDA0003039103970000012
wherein λ is wavelength corresponding to spectrum, R (λ) is albedo spectrum of atmosphere cap, and σ isi(lambda) is the absorption cross section of the trace gas, SiIs the concentration of the batter column of gas,
Figure FDA0003039103970000013
for convolution symbols, L (λ) is the instrument response function of high-order five, i is the gas species in the trace gas, and p (λ) is a polynomial representing Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and cloud-to-ground reflection effects of light in the atmosphere.
4. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameterization calibration of the spectral wavelength and the instrument response function in the hyperspectral data set is performed, and the obtaining of the earth radiance after the secondary calibration comprises:
introduction of parameter ΔλRepresents the offset of the wavelength λ, aj(λ-λc，j) Representing the central wavelength lambda with respect to the jth wavelength windowc，jAmount of stretching of ajIs the stretch coefficient;
before spectral inversion, the sun's original lightSpectrum I0Convolution of instrument response functions of high-resolution five is needed for absorption cross sections of trace gas, and parameterized superss function L is constructed in the jth wavelength windowjThe instrument response function was simulated and expressed as:
Figure FDA0003039103970000021
wherein, ω and k are width and shape factor respectively, and Γ is gamma function;
finally, obtaining the earth radiance after secondary calibration:
Figure FDA0003039103970000022
wherein L isjAs an instrument function for the jth wavelength window.
5. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of correcting the albedo spectrum of the atmospheric cap comprises:
the high-resolution five-number actually measured spectrum R' (lambda) of the albedo of the atmospheric cap and the radiation transmission analog value Rm(lambda) comparing;
according to the difference between the two types of measured spectrum, the linear correction of the radiation quantity is carried out on the high-resolution fifth measured spectrum of the albedo of the atmospheric cap, and the correction coefficient is obtained by minimizing the variance chi2Obtaining:
Figure FDA0003039103970000023
wherein a and b are linear correction coefficients, deltaRIs estimated radiance noise; a · R' (λ) + b is the albedo spectrum of the atmosphere top after correction.
6. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: converting the inclined column concentration S of the trace gas into a vertical column concentration V by using the effective optical path M obtained by simulation: and V is S/M.
7. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum is characterized in that the atmospheric photon radiation transmission under the observation geometry of the high-resolution five-satellite is simulated by establishing a radiation transmission equation, and the ratio of an actual optical path to a vertical path optical path, namely an effective optical path M, is simulated and calculated; the effective optical length M is calculated in radiation transmission as follows:
Figure FDA0003039103970000031
wherein f is the scattering weight of each atmosphere with respect to the solar zenith angle θsAnd an observation apex angle thetavRelative azimuth angle phi, surface albedo gamma, surface pressure p0Function of ptopIs the top pressure of the atmosphere or the convection layer, and p is the pressure of each atmosphere.
8. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a group of effective optical paths M is pre-calculated with respect to an input parameter θ based on a calculation relation formula of the effective optical paths M in radiation transmissions，θv，φ，γ，p0，ptopFixing the numerical value at the lattice point, and storing the calculation result in a six-dimensional lookup table; in the actual calculation process, the effective optical distance M corresponding to the current input parameter is determined by carrying out multi-dimensional linear interpolation through a six-dimensional lookup table.
9. The atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on the high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrum as claimed in claim 6, further comprising: and gridding the calculated series of irregular vertical column concentrations V to longitude and latitude regular lattice points of the whole world by utilizing a p-spline interpolation technology.
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