CN103994979A - Atmosphere analyzer - Google Patents
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- CN103994979A CN103994979A CN201410052720.2A CN201410052720A CN103994979A CN 103994979 A CN103994979 A CN 103994979A CN 201410052720 A CN201410052720 A CN 201410052720A CN 103994979 A CN103994979 A CN 103994979A
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001658 differential optical absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003488 releasing hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 sulphuric dioxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010223 real-time analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an atmosphere analyzer comprising a detection unit, a simulation unit and a calculation unit. The detection unit receives the detection materials of the atmosphere and output detection unit materials after analyzing the detection materials; the simulation unit outputs the simulation unit materials after simulating the atmosphere state; and the calculation unit calculates the atmosphere analysis materials after the comparison operation performed between the detection unit materials and the simulation unit materials.
Description
Technical field
The absorption spectrum that the present invention relates to a kind of various components for atmosphere is analyzed and is analyzed the atmospheric analysis device (Apparatus for analyzing atmosphere) of earth atmosphere.
Background technology
So far, main observation procedure is to utilize the observation ground observational network that monitors air environmental pollution material to observe.Utilize surface-based observing station to monitor that the main cause of air environmental pollution material is to set up the cost of research station relatively low, can also directly manage observation instrument.
But ground observation net is subject to a lot of restrictions in the time continuing expansion research station quantity.And this research station only has domestic observational data and be subject to a lot of restrictions in the grasp of source, the mobile route etc. of cross-border polluter.
Korean registered patent gazette 10-0785630 communique has disclosed for the light of Infrared wavelength and has analyzed and measure yellow sand in atmosphere and distribute and the method for concentration.
Prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: No. 10-0785630th, Korean Patent Registration communique
Summary of the invention
The technical task solving
The absorption spectrum that the present invention relates to a kind of various components for atmosphere is analyzed and is analyzed the atmospheric analysis device of earth atmosphere.
The technical task that the present invention solves is not limited to aforementioned problems, and person with usual knowledge in their respective areas of the present invention can be expressly understood that other problem of not mentioning above in record below.
Solve the technical scheme of problem
As an embodiment, atmospheric analysis device of the present invention comprises: actual measurement unit, output actual measurement unit data after receiving the field data of observation atmosphere and analyzing field data; Analogue unit, exports analogue unit data after the state of simulated atmosphere; Computing unit, compares the analysis of data that calculates atmosphere after computing for actual measurement unit data and analogue unit data.
As an embodiment, atmospheric analysis device of the present invention comprises: actual measurement unit, and process ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and calculate the slant column intensity of gasoloid or minimum gas; Analogue unit, calculates the air quality factor after simulation (simulation) chemical delivery model and radiative transfer model; Above-mentioned slant column intensity is calculated to the vertical column concentration of above-mentioned gasoloid or above-mentioned minimum gas after divided by the above-mentioned air quality factor.
As an embodiment, atmospheric analysis device of the present invention utilizes the HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR of geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite obtain ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and process above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy or radiance fitting process, calculates in real time concentration or the distribution of the contained gasoloid of atmosphere or minimum gas according to the each department that are under the jurisdiction of above-mentioned geo-stationary orbit satellite observation scope.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is because the HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR that uses geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite is able to the frequency spectrum for extensive regional real-time collecting high resolution.
The frequency spectrum of real-time analysis high resolution and grasped in real time concentration and the distribution of nitrogen dioxide that prior art cannot grasp, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde and so on gas (gas).
And, provided the information of corresponding various environmental hazards neatly owing to can grasping in real time cross-border polluter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of atmospheric analysis device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram of actual measurement of the present invention unit.
Fig. 3 is the skeleton diagram of analogue unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the key diagram of atmospheric analysis device of the present invention from the situation of satellite reception data.
Fig. 5 is the precedence diagram of process (process) that atmospheric analysis device of the present invention is shown.
Symbol description
10-atmospheric analysis device, 30-geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite, 100-surveys unit, 110-sensor portion, 130-optical operation portion, 200-analogue unit, 210-supply department, 230-CTM simulation part, 250-RTM simulation part, 270-moonscope condition part, 300-computing unit.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.In this process, in order to contribute to understand the convenience in this description and explanation, size or the shape etc. of inscape shown in accompanying drawing are illustrated turgidly.And the term that gives special definition in order to look after structure of the present invention and effect can be according to user, fortune user's intention or convention and difference.The definition of these terms should be taking the overall content of this instructions as basis.
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of atmospheric analysis device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram of actual measurement of the present invention unit, Fig. 3 is the skeleton diagram of analogue unit of the present invention, Fig. 4 illustrates the key diagram of atmospheric analysis device of the present invention from the situation of satellite reception data, and Fig. 5 is the precedence diagram of process (process) that atmospheric analysis device of the present invention is shown.
Describe structure and the effect of atmospheric analysis device of the present invention in detail to Fig. 5 below in conjunction with Fig. 1.
Utilize surface-based climate observing station or aircraft etc. to analyze compared with the situation of Atmospheric composition compositions with prior art, while having used with the morphotic atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention of environmental satellite useful load, can measure extensive area, also can measure for the cross-border polluter of the sulphuric dioxide across intercontinental movement or yellow sand and so on.Cross-border polluter may comprise gasoloid, and gasoloid is the general name of the particle-like substance in the atmosphere except cloud.
Embodiment as a comparison, taking ground, when benchmark is observed, polar orbit artificial satellite is not a kind ofly to be fixed on the three unities and along with time road is through the satellite of tellurian other position.The atmospheric analysis device 10 of polar orbit satellite form that forms contrast with the present invention is owing to being fixed on when ad-hoc location makes its analyse atmos and being subject to time and site limitation at needed special time, and its degree of freedom is lower.Therefore it is relatively unsuitable for the cross-border environmental pollutants of observation such as the equally cross-border movement of yellow sand.
In contrast to this, the atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention of preparing with satellite form is not subject to time restriction and is carried out atmospheric analysis for particular locality owing to being positioned at fixed position always.And, easily observe cross-border polluter, can measure the contained gasoloid of atmosphere, gas (gas) composition by real-time accurate.
Geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 is artificial satellites identical with the rotation period of the earth of a kind of cycle of artificial satellite.Object in geo-stationary orbit turns around Earth Week spinning with the angular velocity that is equal to earth rotation.Geo-stationary orbit atmospheric analysis device 10 is fixed on a particular locality of the earth and is able to the specific area of real-time monitored at the track of height 30,000 5786km.
As previously mentioned, the key character of atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention is geo-stationary orbit and can real-time monitored.And, observe its variation be measured exactly Atmospheric components for the radiant quantity that incides the satellite that is positioned at cosmic space from the sun by earth atmosphere.And, owing to utilizing HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR measuring radiation amount to be able to carry out rigorous analysis for different various gases (gas) composition of wavelength extinction characteristic.
For this reason, atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention comprises actual measurement unit 100, analogue unit 200 and computing unit 300.Output actual measurement unit 100 data after actual measurement unit 100 receives the field data of observation atmosphere and analyzes field data.Analogue unit 200 is exported analogue unit 200 data after simulating (simulation) atmospheric condition.Analogue unit 200 data that 300 actual measurement unit 100 data of exporting for actual measurement unit 100 of computing unit and analogue unit 200 are exported compare computing and calculate the analysis of data of atmosphere taking this result as basis.
Atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention can be realized with the form of environmental satellite useful load (payload).As an embodiment, the actual measurement unit 100, analogue unit 200, the computing unit 300 that form atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention all can be installed to environmental satellite useful load.As another embodiment, only actual measurement unit 100 is installed to the solar radiation amount at the cosmic space observation earth after environmental satellite useful load, 300 of analogue unit 200 or computing units can be arranged on the satellite observation station that is positioned at ground.As other various embodiment, actual measurement unit 100, analogue unit 200, computing unit 300 can be configured in to the satellite observation station on environmental satellite useful load, ground, the various positions that remote data is processed place and so on dispersedly.
As an embodiment, actual measurement unit 100 comprises sensor portion 110 and optical operation portion 130.The module that sensor portion 110 can be formed as single module or be formed as separating with optical operation portion 130.Ultraphotic frequency spectrum data is observed and exported in sensor portion 110 for the sunshine being received by geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 by atmosphere from the sun.The ultraphotic frequency spectrum data that 130 receiving sensor portions 110 of optical operation portion export the slant column intensity that calculates all kinds of gases for the contained gas of atmosphere.
As an embodiment, sensor portion 110 comprises HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR and is loaded into geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 as optical devices.
General spectrum sensor becomes light light splitting the wave band of limited quantity and detects intensity variation for specific band.Because predetermined substance has extinction characteristic to specific band, therefore as long as the intensity variation of the specific band detecting for spectrum sensor is analyzed the amount that just can measure predetermined substance.Many light splitting (mul-channel) sensor as one of general spectrum sensor mainly utilizes restricted number to calculate object material in 10 several number of wavelengths, therefore in remote measurement atmosphere, has certain limitation when various gas.
The frequency spectrum resolving power of HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR of the present invention (Hyperspectroscopy sensor) is higher than existing spectrum sensor, as an example, can collect radiometric analysis data in many light splitting (multispectral) sensor and the continuous frequency spectrum that divides light belt (band) for wavelength width.The Radiance data that therefore, can receive from special time analyzes the concentration of each gas (gas) of the mixed gas (gas) that forms atmosphere simultaneously.The ultraphotic frequency spectrum data of collecting by HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR of the present invention is more accurate than existing spectrum sensor in the accuracy of atmospheric analysis.
If HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR is installed to polar orbit satellite and just can utilizes concentration or the gasoloid of the contained each gas of high resolution feature measurement atmosphere (gas) of HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR, but because the position of polar orbit satellite can be moved and cannot carry out real-time analysis atmosphere for tellurian ad-hoc location.In contrast to this, 110, sensor of the present invention portion comprises the HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR that is arranged on geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30.Therefore, possessed high resolution gas (gas) analytical characteristics of HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR and the real-time measurement characteristics of geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 simultaneously.
On the other hand, although having loaded HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR, polar orbit artificial satellite just can guarantee the light accuracy of analysis of setting, because geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 present positions are more difficult to guarantee the light accuracy of analysis as HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR higher than polar orbit artificial satellite.The present invention has possessed HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR, and this HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR has enough resolution and the precision for geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30.HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR is applicable to geo-stationary orbit, can not only measures gasoloid and ozone (O
3), can also calculate in real time so far cannot real-time monitored Atmospheric composition material nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), sulphuric dioxide (SO
2), concentration and the distribution of formaldehyde (HCHO) etc.
Atmospheric analysis device 10 of the present invention not only can real-time analysis gasoloid and ozone (O by using HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR at geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30
3), can also calculate in real time cannot measure in real time so far comprise nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), sulphuric dioxide (SO
2), formaldehyde (HCHO) is in concentration and the distribution of interior various gases.
As an embodiment, sensor portion 110 was with at least one hour following cycle output ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and offer optical operation portion 130.In order to measure in real time, each hour just collects a ultraphotic frequency spectrum data or collects ultraphotic frequency spectrum data in order to obtain higher time resolving power with the cycle of several minutes～tens of minutes in 110, sensor portion.
The wavelength zone of the ultraphotic frequency spectrum data that sensor portion 110 exports is that visible rays district is arrived in ultraviolet ray, therefore can be for analyzing one by one as nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, ozone and the formaldehyde of main environment gas (gas) polluter.
Atmospheric analysis device 10 utilizes the measured radiance measurement gasoloid of the satellite useful load that comprises ultraviolet ray and visible rays district HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR, SEQUENCING VERTICAL post concentration (VCD:Vertical Column Density) as nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, ozone and the formaldehyde of main environment gas (gas) polluter.
But, the observation light path of the HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR carrying due to artificial satellite is not perpendicular to ground, and that while therefore processing ultraphotic frequency spectrum data with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy or radiance fitting process, calculate is slant column intensity (SCD:Slant Column Density).For from trying to achieve vertical column concentration and need the air quality factor (AMF:Air Mass Factor) as the slant column intensity of field data value.The value of air quality factor representation slant column intensity after divided by vertical column concentration.
The computing method of the air quality factor (AMF:Air Mass Factor) is as follows.Discharge capacity data input is arrived to chemical delivery model (CTM:Chemical Transfer Model).Geological information input radiation mode (RTM:Radiative Transfer Model) when the vertical distribution of the object gas that then, chemical delivery model calculated after simulation and moonscope.After simulation, calculate the air quality factor of instruction vertical column concentration and the ratio of slant column intensity at radiative transfer model taking above-mentioned input value as basis.
On the slant column intensity as measured data value divided by calculating the vertical column concentration as net result value after the air quality factor as simulation data value.
As an embodiment, actual measurement unit 100 is exported using the slant column intensity of gasoloid or minimum gas as actual measurement unit 100 data.Slant column intensity is tried to achieve as shown below.
Obtain the slant column intensity of the minimum gas taking measurement of an angle corresponding to this satellite after with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS:Differential Optical absorption spectroscopy) or the analysis of radiance fitting process for the ultraphotic frequency spectrum data of utilizing HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR to measure with each hour or measure with higher time resolving power in ultraviolet ray and visible rays district.
As an embodiment, analogue unit 200 is using the air quality factor as analogue unit 200 data outputs.The air quality factor is tried to achieve as shown below.
Discharge capacity data is transfused to after chemical delivery model, and chemical delivery model is exported minimum gas or aerocolloidal vertical distributed intelligence as basis taking discharge capacity data with the analogue value.Vertical distributed intelligence is calculated with each hour or with higher time resolving power.Moonscope condition part 270 arrives radiative transfer model how much data inputs of moonscope.Moonscope how much data at least comprise that HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR checks at least one in the angle in ground surface object place and position angle, position of sun, ground surface reflectance.How much data of moonscope that the vertical distributed intelligence of chemical delivery model simulation and moonscope condition part 270 provide are input to after radiative transfer model together, the radiative transfer model output air quality factor.
Minimum gas as the measurand thing of surveying unit 100 refers to the gas that need to survey by ultraphotic frequency spectrum data such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde, ozone etc.Refer to gas in the atmosphere that need to calculate the vertical Distribution Value of simulation as the minimum gas of simulation (simulation) object of analogue unit 200, need to change vertical Distribution Value in order to survey the Data Assimilation of unit 100, this minimum gas comprises nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde, ozone, can comprise in addition the gas (gas) that is present in atmosphere with the concentration below 1ppm.
As an embodiment, analogue unit 200 comprises supply department 210, CTM simulation part 230, moonscope condition part 270 and RTM simulation part 250.
Supply department's 210 outputs are discharged into all kinds of gas purging amount data of atmosphere.Supply department 210 exports discharge capacity data after receiving releasing factor and activity ratio, and discharge capacity data is transferred to CTM simulation part 230.Releasing factor is the information that forms each gas discharging reason, and activity ratio is indicated the discharge intensity of each discharge reason.
CTM simulation part 230 is simulated (simulation) chemical delivery model, this chemical delivery model needed simulation data and vertical distribution of exporting each gas with at least one hour following cycle when generating real-time analysis atmosphere.Chemical delivery model is accepted the vertical distributed intelligence of exporting the contained gas of atmosphere after discharge capacity data.
Moonscope condition part 270 provides how much data of moonscope and is offered radiative transfer model in the time of satellite observation.RTM simulation part 250 is simulated (simulation) radiative transfer model, this radiative transfer model needed simulation data and with at least one hour following cycle output air quality factor when generating real-time analysis atmosphere.The radiative transfer model output air quality factor also offers computing unit 300.
As an embodiment, computing unit 300 is accepted inputted slant column intensity and is accepted the inputted air quality factor from analogue unit 200 from actual measurement unit 100, and slant column intensity is calculated to vertical column concentration after divided by the air quality factor.
The slant column intensity of the minimum gas calculating with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy or radiance fitting process, divided by the air quality factor of calculating with each hour or higher time resolving power, just can be calculated with each hour or higher time resolving power to the vertical column concentration of each gas.
Grasp the gasoloid of atmosphere or the means of gas (gas) concentration and distribution as the observational data that utilizes geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30, the present invention needs Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, discharge capacity data, chemical delivery model, radiative transfer model, gas (gas) post concentration.To illustrate successively below.
The following describes Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy.
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy calculates gasoloid in atmosphere or the slant column intensity of various gases after analyzing for observed ultraphotic frequency spectrum data.
Be not only the straight irradiation of the sun that has passed through earth atmosphere, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy can also be from atmosphere scattering or analyze gas (gas) amount and the kind of atmosphere from the measured value of the sunshine of earth surface reflection.
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy utilization is by the sun light intensity E before earth atmosphere
0and calculate by the relation between the sun light intensity E after earth atmosphere.Relational expression is as follows.
Sunshine its intensity when by atmosphere weakens in exponential function mode, and the size of exponential function Exponential represents the degree decaying when sunshine passes through atmosphere.λ represents sun light wavelength.T
s(λ) represent inclination optical thickness (Slant Optical thickness).Inclination optical thickness is illustrated in the light path of how much states that are not orthogonal to ground by the optical thickness of the sunshine of atmosphere.Inclination optical thickness is as follows.
E
λ(1) represent the extinction coefficient (Extinction coefficient) of atmosphere in the wavelength X of this sunshine.Dl is the differentiation element for the length of light path.From the position l of the sunshine by before atmosphere
1to the observation position l of the sunshine by after atmosphere
2carry out integration.Formula (2) is not only relevant with sun light wavelength, also relevant with the zenith angle of the sun.Different from inclination optical thickness, vertical opticalthicknessτ (λ) can represent as follows.
Dz is perpendicular to the length key element of the axle on ground, and H represents the height of the atmosphere the superiors.Vertical optical thickness represents extended line from ground to the observation place optical thickness with respect to vertical light path.
After inclination optical thickness can being divided into the item with two meanings, equally launch as shown in the formula (4).Spectral window (Spectral window) represent the rate that is transmitted compared with low region around and there is the relatively wavelength zone of high-transmission rate.In observation wavelength coverage, the intensity while supposing the light transmission atmosphere of the wavelength that comprises spectral window.If the light that can suppose spectral window is absorbed degree along with the kind of specific atmospheric gas (gas), inclination optical thickness can be separated into following two items, that is, the result of extinction result, Rayleigh scattering (Rayleigh scattering) and gasoloid extinction based on gas (gas).
T
s(λ)=t
g(λ)+t
c(λ) formula (4)
T
g(λ) be the extinction result items based on gas (gas), t
c(λ) be the result items based on Rayleigh scattering and gasoloid extinction.If atmosphere is for unclouded sunny state, based on the extinction item t of gas (gas) kind
g(λ) can launch as follows.
σ
λ(l) represent absorption cross section (Absorption cross section:cm
2/ molec).N (l) represents number density (the number density of absorbing species:molec/cm of the gas (gas) absorbing
3).
Take the logarithm on the both sides of the formula about sunlight intensity (1) and substitution formula (4) and formula (5) just can be launched Beer-Lambert rule as shown below again.
I
λ(k)=E (λ)/E
0(λ) be normalized intensity of sunshine and corresponding to the k as absorption coefficient (absorption coefficient)
λ(l).K
λ(l) be defined as k
λ(l)=σ
λ(l) n (l).
The fundamental purpose of measuring the solar radiation quantity of institute's transmission at the spectral window of the absorption band that comprises atmospheric gas (gas) kind is the amount of this gas (gas) kind in extrapolating atmosphere.For extrapolate gas (gas) kind amount and need to be to absorption strength n (l) analytic expression (6).
If spectral window is wide narrower, t
c(λ) as follows.
N is polynomial exponent number.A
kit is polynomial coefficient.Approximate symbol is above at absorption cross section σ
λ(l) along with presenting while sharply changing, wavelength is suitable for.
For absorption cross section, suppose to be divided into following two and launch.
The absorption cross section that is divided into two items is distinguished according to variable quantity at selected spectral window.
it is the slower situation of variation based on wavelength.
it is the variation situation faster based on wavelength.
In Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy,
differential absorption cross-section long-pending (Differential absorption cross section).
Come from approximate error if neglected, formula (6) can utilize formula (7) to launch as shown below.
The equation of formula (9) has proved measured function lnI
λ(k) linear relationship and between retrieval use function n (l).For example, given approximation as the contribution of the unknown parameter of Rayleigh scattering and gasoloid extinction and so on by polynomial expression.
Formula (9) is Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy equation (DOAS equation) with formula (10) subsequently.In Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy equation along with wavelength fast-changing absorption cross section
it is entry required.In view of
item is disappeared after approximation in integration type, relevant σ
λ(l) formula (8) substitution formula (9) just can be launched as follows.
If cannot give approximation by the polynomial expression of same exponent number, resolve on formula (10) the right
and parsed the amount of gas in atmosphere (gas) kind.
But, cannot be with the relation of standard difference absorption spectroscopy parsing slant column intensity and vertical column concentration.For it is resolved, need to link in addition in analyzing step.That is Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy utilizes the frequency spectrum data that artificial satellite is observed to calculate slant column intensity, for the vertical column concentration of dense this batter post conversion Cheng Zuowei final data is needed to the air quality factor.
The following describes discharge capacity data.
Discharge capacity data is the data entering as the input value of chemical delivery model.Calculate each gas purging amount according to the contained each gas purging reason of atmosphere.
Substantially discharge capacity data calculating with releasing factor (Emission factor) and activity ratio (Activity rates).When calculating discharge capacity data, effect and non-reduction of discharging releasing factor (Unabated emission factor) are removed in the discharge capacity activity ratio (Activity rate) of the indivedual emission gases of needs (gas), the exhaust (gas) based on all emission-reduction technologies (Abatement technology).
Releasing factor is the emission factor needing in order to calculate atmospheric pollution level for each pollution source.For the releasing factor of anthropogenic discharge amount, can utilize such as each factory and manufacture a product and the fuel quantity that burns is inferred the discharge capacity that Air Pollutants.Nature discharge capacity can be from inferring out such as seeds and plant distribution.Activity ratio represents the activity intensity of releasing factor.
The discharge capacity data using as the initial input value of chemical delivery model is mainly divided into anthropogenic discharge's amount and natural discharge capacity.
Formula about discharge capacity data can be launched as follows.
Emission represents discharge capacity.J represents that kind (Species), k represent that area (Region), l represent that area (Sector), m represent fuel (Fuel) and movable (Activity) type, the mark (index) of (Abatement technology) meaning that n represents to have emission-reduction technology.A represents activity ratio (Activity rate).Ef represents non-reduction of discharging releasing factor (Unabated emission factor).η represents the removing effect of emission-reduction technology (Abatement technology) n.α represents the removing effect of emission-reduction technology n with maximum capacity where applicable.
X represents the actual relevance factor of emission-reduction technology n.The relation of X and all emission-reduction technologies is as follows.
Parameter alpha
j, k, l, m, ncan only use at NMVOC (Non-Methane volatile Orgenic Compound: non-methane volatile organic matter).
When the level of emission-reduction technology is lower, discharge capacity is only the turnout of activity ratio and releasing factor as shown below.
(1-η
j, l, m, nα
j, k, l, m, n) X
j, k, l, m, n=1 formula (13)
The following describes chemical delivery model.
Chemical delivery model offers radiative transfer model calculate minimum gas and aerocolloidal vertical distribution using discharge capacity data as input value after.
Chemical delivery model is for the frequency spectrum data corresponding to geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite 30 real-time monitored, and chemical delivery model reflects discharge capacity data and real-time update.
Chemical delivery model is a kind of computer numerical model, this model is not only simulated the generation, handover of the Atmospheric composition material in troposphere and stratosphere, rotten, mobile message, the chemical change information in the chemical composition in can also simulated air and the atmosphere such as activity and photochemical reaction of contained rare element thereof.
The following describes radiative transfer model.
The energy transmit mode of radiative transfer model analog electrical magnetic radiation form.Radiative transfer model is with absorption, release and the scattering of mathematical way simulation emittance.Mathematical expression about the monochromatic radiation ripple transmission of the plane-parallel frequency ν by medium can be launched as follows.
the optical thickness t in dielectric surface vertical survey
νin along μ,
the specific light intensity of direction.μ is the cosine value of polar angle (polar angle).
represent position angle (azimuthal angle).
S
νbe for the meaning of light source and can launch as follows.
ω
νrepresent single scattering albedo (Sing-scattering albedo).Single scattering albedo represents the scattering of light of propagating in atmosphere and absorbs the energy attenuation causing, the optical thickness of expression based on scattering and the ratio of total optical thickness.
represent phase function (Phase function).The thermal source Q discharging about heat in local thermodynamic equilibrium (Local thermodynamic equilibrium:LTE)
νcan launch as follows.
B
ν(T) be the Planck function (Planck function) for frequency ν and temperature T.In non-luminescence medium light ray parallel in μ 0 with
when direction ground incident, Q
νcan launch as follows.
μ
0i
0represent incident flux (Incident flux).The Q of contained (16) and formula (17)
νcan be launched into as shown below two of incident light and calorifics thermals source.
In later formula, will omit second parameter ν for the concise of mark.
Launch phase function P (τ, cos θ) by the Legendre polynomial (Legendre polynomials) at 2N (N is more than 0 integer) progression and obtain following formula with the cosine term (Fourier cosine series) of Fourier series.
In view of formula (19) and combined type (14) and formula (15) can be launched into 2N independent equations, equations are as follows individually.
(m=0,1,2:., 2N-1) formula (20a)
The concrete formula of substitution formula (20a) is launched as follows.
δ
m0in the time of m=0, have 1 value, several beyond 1 are 0.
P
l(cos θ) is Legendre polynomial.
associated Legendre polynomials (Associated Legendre polynomial).θ represents the angle between the vector of fore-and-aft direction of scattering.Formula (20) has provided the information of orientation inscape.Formula (19) has provided the complete position angle that relies on light intensity.
In radiative transfer model, can utilize angle of light information and intensity information calculate by actual measurement to slant column intensity needed air quality factor while converting vertical column concentration to.
The following describes the air quality factor.
The air quality factor is the Output rusults of radiative transfer model, and the vertical distributed intelligence of the object gas that obtain in chemical delivery model and how much data of moonscope are calculated after the input variable of radiative transfer model.
Can utilize the air quality factor to obtain the vertical column concentration as the data that finally calculate from the slant column intensity of surveying.MF is as follows for air quality factors A.
SCD
modbe the slant column intensity concentration of simulation, VCD is the vertical column concentration of simulation.
VCD
effectivethe actual vertical column concentration that expression need to finally be calculated.SCD
obsit is the value that the frequency spectrum data observed with satellite is utilized the slant column intensity that actual measurement that Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy is tried to achieve arrives.
Gas (gas) post concentration represents the material mass of the per unit area obtaining after the path integral in atmosphere.In the present invention, as satellite or the Top Of Atmosphere of observation position and become path as the distance between the ground of object of observation thing.Gas (gas) the post concentration in the path based on non-perpendicular to ground is slant column intensity.Gas (gas) the post concentration in the path based on perpendicular to ground is vertical column concentration.
Although be illustrated for embodiments of the invention above, it is only exemplary person, can rely on this explanation realize the embodiment of various distortion and equivalence range, and this knows the knowledgeable it is very obvious conventionally for having this area.Therefore the real technical protection scope of the present invention should determine according to following claims.
Claims (17)
1. an atmospheric analysis device, is characterized in that,
Comprise:
Actual measurement unit, output actual measurement unit data after receiving the field data of observation atmosphere and analyzing above-mentioned field data;
Analogue unit, exports analogue unit data after simulating the state of above-mentioned atmosphere;
Computing unit, compares the analysis of data that calculates above-mentioned atmosphere after computing for above-mentioned actual measurement unit data and above-mentioned analogue unit data.
2. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned actual measurement unit comprises:
Sensor portion, observes and exports ultraphotic frequency spectrum data for the sunshine of being accepted by geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite by above-mentioned atmosphere from the sun;
Optical operation portion, the above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data that reception the sensor portion exports the slant column intensity that calculates all kinds of gases for the contained gas of above-mentioned atmosphere.
3. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
The sensor portion supplied above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data with at least one hour following cycle to above-mentioned optical operation portion.
4. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
The wavelength zone of above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data is that ultraviolet ray is to visible rays district.
5. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned optical operation portion processes above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and calculates above-mentioned slant column intensity with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy or radiance fitting process.
6. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
The above-mentioned gas that calculates above-mentioned slant column intensity be in nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde or ozone more than one.
7. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned analogue unit comprises:
Supply department, exports discharge capacity data according to the kind of the gas that is discharged into above-mentioned atmosphere;
CTM simulation part, its simulation (simulation) chemical delivery model, this chemical delivery model is exported the vertical distributed intelligence of the contained above-mentioned gas of above-mentioned atmosphere;
Moonscope condition part provides moonscope how much data in the time of satellite observation;
RTM simulation part, it simulates (simulation) radiative transfer model, this radiative transfer model output air quality factor.
8. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned supply department exports above-mentioned discharge capacity data after receiving releasing factor and activity ratio,
Above-mentioned releasing factor is the information that forms above-mentioned each gas purging reason,
Above-mentioned activity ratio is indicated the discharge intensity of above-mentioned each discharge reason.
9. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned chemical delivery model is accepted the vertical distribution of exporting above-mentioned gas after above-mentioned discharge capacity data.
10. atmospheric analysis device according to claim 9, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned CTM simulation part simulation (simulation) above-mentioned chemical delivery model, the vertical distribution that this chemical delivery model was exported above-mentioned gas with at least one hour following cycle.
11. atmospheric analysis devices according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned moonscope condition part arrives above-mentioned radiative transfer model how much data inputs of above-mentioned moonscope,
How much data of above-mentioned moonscope at least comprise that artificial satellite HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR checks at least one in the angle in object place of ground surface and position angle, position of sun, ground surface reflectance.
12. atmospheric analysis devices according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned radiative transfer model has been accepted to export the above-mentioned air quality factor after the vertical distributed intelligence of above-mentioned gas and how much data of above-mentioned moonscope.
13. atmospheric analysis devices according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
The above-mentioned gas that is calculated above-mentioned discharge capacity information or vertical distribution comprises minimum gas and gasoloid,
Above-mentioned minimum gas is present in above-mentioned atmosphere with the concentration below 1ppm at least.
14. atmospheric analysis devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned computing unit receives the slant column intensity of the contained each gas of above-mentioned atmosphere and receives the air quality factor from above-mentioned analogue unit from above-mentioned actual measurement unit, calculate the vertical column concentration of above-mentioned each gas from above-mentioned slant column intensity and the above-mentioned air quality factor.
15. atmospheric analysis devices according to claim 14, is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned gas be in nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde or ozone more than one.
16. 1 kinds of atmospheric analysis devices, is characterized in that,
Comprise:
Actual measurement unit, processes ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and calculates the slant column intensity of gasoloid or minimum gas;
Analogue unit, calculates the air quality factor after simulation (simulation) chemical delivery model and radiative transfer model;
Above-mentioned slant column intensity is calculated to the vertical column concentration of above-mentioned gasoloid or above-mentioned minimum gas after divided by the above-mentioned air quality factor.
17. 1 kinds of atmospheric analysis devices, is characterized in that,
Utilize the HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR of geo-stationary orbit artificial satellite to obtain ultraphotic frequency spectrum data,
Process above-mentioned ultraphotic frequency spectrum data and calculate in real time concentration or the distribution of the contained gasoloid of atmosphere or minimum gas according to the each department that are under the jurisdiction of above-mentioned geo-stationary orbit satellite observation scope with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy or radiance fitting process.
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| CN105067534A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Pollutant transport flux measurement and calculation method based on ground-based MAX-DOAS |
| CN109323992A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-02-12 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | A kind of atmosphere glyoxal remote-sensing monitoring method |
| CN109883901A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-06-14 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of the ultraviolet detector haze particIe system and its detection method of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard |
| CN111859695A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Atmospheric pollution component inversion method based on high-resolution five-satellite ultraviolet visible hyperspectrum |
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