KR101333002B1 - Earthquake early warning system for railway, and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is an earthquake early warning system for railway, which earthquake early warning system judges whether seismic wave expected to arrive before the seismic wave (S-wave) reaches the railway track is hazardous or not and slows down or stoops a running train before the seismic wave reaches by assessing the seismic intensity, the earthquake hazard zone and et cetera as soon as possible. The earthquake early warning system for railway includes: at least one seismograph recording the amplitude and the frequency of a seismic wave propagating along the inside or the surface of the earth in case of an earthquake; a seismic information reception unit for receiving the seismic wave from the seismograph; a seismic information analysis unit for judging information of the size of the generated earthquake, the amplitude of seismic wave expected to arrive, the possibility of hazard and the hazardous track extension by analyzing the P-wave among the seismic waves according to an earthquake automatic detection algorithm before the S-wave reaches; a railway control system for automatically transmitting an earthquake early warning to a running train according to railway alignment information and running train information when the earthquake is judged as a hazardous earthquake; and a train slowing down or stopping by receiving the earthquake early warning transmitted from the railway control system, and the earthquake information system, the earthquake information analysis unit and the railway control system are built inside a railway traffic control center. [Reference numerals] (100) Seismometer;(110) First seismometer;(120) Second seismometer;(130) Third seismometer;(140) N^th seismometer;(200) Meteorological administration server;(210,310) Seismic information receiving unit;(220,320) Seismic information analysis unit;(230) Earthquake early warning generating unit;(300) Railway traffic control center;(330) Railway control system;(400) Train;(410) Earthquake early warning receiving unit;(420) Train control unit;(430) Train information transmitting unit;(AA) Interworking;(BB) Train service information;(CC) Earthquake early warning

Description

Earthquake early warning system for railroad and its method {EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY, AND METHOD THEREOF}

The present invention relates to an early earthquake warning system, and more specifically, to analyze the P-wave before reaching the S-wave when an earthquake occurs, to determine whether a dangerous earthquake affects the railroad of a running train, and to predict a dangerous track extension. Earthquake early warning system.

As a result of the large-scale earthquake and the loss of many lives and serious loss of social property, the earthquake stability problem of the Korean Peninsula has emerged as a social issue. In Korea, the Earthquake Disaster Prevention Act came into force in March 2009, making it mandatory to prepare for earthquakes.

Damage to the earthquake means both the primary disaster caused by the earthquake itself and additional secondary disasters such as fire, explosion, leakage, and leakage. In order to prevent earthquake damage, it is necessary to strengthen the seismic design, but the current status of seismic design in Korea is still insufficient, and it is necessary to establish early earthquake warning system in living areas such as urban areas as a countermeasure against the practical limitations of seismic design. to be.

Currently, domestic and foreign earthquake warning systems use the national earthquake observation network for the purpose of research and observation of earthquakes, and have the procedure of transmitting the observation data to the central server of the KSA, analyzing it, and notifying the relevant institutions of the results. Therefore, there is a difficulty in analyzing earthquake damage directly to major facilities such as buildings in living areas and prompt response for secondary disaster prevention. For this reason, it is urgent to develop an earthquake early warning system in order to reduce and prepare for earthquake damage in living areas such as populated areas.

Since earthquakes are currently unpredictable by science and technology, damages to earthquakes should be reduced by prompt notification and response to earthquakes rather than predictions. As an example, the Chilean earthquake that occurred at a time similar to Haiti was about 500 times stronger than the Haiti earthquake, but the deadly earthquake caused a sharp reduction in earthquake damage compared to Haiti. The importance can be confirmed. Therefore, it is necessary to operate an earthquake early warning system for prompt notification and response to earthquakes in Korea.

The current earthquake warning system uses the national earthquake observation network operated for seismic research and observation purposes to report breaking news within 2 minutes when an earthquake occurs and to notify within 5 minutes after analysis.

However, considering the area of the Korean peninsula, seismic waves propagate within most of the Korean peninsula within 2 minutes after the earthquake, so the existing earthquake warning system is not suitable for the purpose of preventing secondary disasters. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage to earthquakes, real-time earthquake detection and prompt notification should be made. In addition, in order to prevent secondary earthquake disasters, earthquake signals measured in major national infrastructures or populated areas are analyzed in real time at the corresponding measurement sites, and the rapid earthquake is notified within seconds after the earthquake P wave is detected. Control must be made.

The early warning of earthquakes means that the P-wave can be ready for the earthquake by predicting the arrival time of the S-wave, which can cause damage as soon as it arrives. This early earthquake alarm is possible because the propagation speed of P waves is about 1.73 times faster than S waves. In addition, with the recent development of various analysis techniques, it is possible to quickly analyze the location, time, and magnitude of earthquake occurrences using only P waves, unlike conventional methods that mainly use S waves. When the P wave is detected by the seismograph using this technique, the basic principle of early warning is to predict the arrival time of the S wave through the seismic analysis immediately and quickly spread the information to the area.

In Korea, the current earthquake breaking news within 2 minutes is provided after the earthquake has passed through most of the country, and the information is not enough to be used directly for earthquake response.

Meanwhile, in recent years, the frequency of earthquakes has increased in neighboring countries such as Japan, and train derailments due to the earthquake have occurred. For example, FIGS. 1A and 1B are photographs showing train derailment due to an earthquake, FIG. 1A is a photograph showing derailment of a Shinkansen train in Japan due to an earthquake, and FIG. 1B is a photograph showing train derailment due to a tsunami.

2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a seismic detection system for railroad tracks and a track side installation position according to the related art, respectively.

As shown in Figure 2a, in the case of the seismic detection system for railroad according to the prior art, the sensor 50 is installed on the elevated bridge 30, the pole tunnel 40, etc., the train 10 is the railway 20 When an earthquake occurs during the operation, the signal detected by the sensor 50 is transmitted to the rail traffic control center 60, the rail traffic control center 60 sends a slow or stop command to the running train (10) Will be delivered. Figure 2b shows the track side installation position of the sensor, for example, the track side installation position of the sensor in the Gyeongbu high speed railway seismic monitoring system. That is, although the seismic monitoring sensor 50, for example, an accelerometer is installed on the high speed railway structure, such a seismic monitoring system is a structure corresponding to the seismic wave after reaching the high speed railway structure.

In other words, the seismic monitoring system currently applied to the high-speed railway is a post-response system that can respond after the seismic wave reaches the train in operation, which is not a system that can prevent the damage caused by the earthquake in advance.

1) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-32141 (published: February 12, 2009), title of the invention: "Earthquake Early Warning System" 2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-176512 (published: July 31, 2008), title of the invention: "Earthquake Warning System" 3) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-37516 (published: February 19, 2009), title of the invention: "Method and system for transmitting earthquake information" 4) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-80595 (published: April 16, 2009), title of the invention: "Emergency earthquake alarm transmission system, emergency earthquake alarm receiving device and current location registration method of emergency earthquake alarm receiving device " 5) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-80601 (published: April 16, 2009), title of the invention: "Emergency earthquake alarm transmission system and telephone apparatus" 6) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-276954 (published date: November 126, 2009), title of the invention: "Emergency Earthquake Information Transmission System" 7) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-83257 (published: March 30, 2001), title of the invention: "Earthquake Early Detection, Alarm and Control System" 8) US Patent Publication No. 2012-78520 (published March 29, 2012), titled "Earthquake detection system and seismic analysis method" 9) US Patent Publication No. 2007-40068 (published February 22, 2007), titled "System and method for detecting a change or an obstruction to a railway track" 10) Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2011-0125045 (published: November 18, 2011), the title of the invention: "Integrated safety management system and method of heterogeneous facilities"

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, after determining whether the earthquake wave (S wave) is expected to reach the earthquake wave to be reached before reaching the track side, the earthquake strength, danger zone, etc. as soon as possible The evaluation aims to provide a railway earthquake early warning system that can slow down or stop before the seismic waves arrive on the train in operation.

Another technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to analyze the P-wave before reaching the S-wave in the event of an earthquake, to determine whether a dangerous earthquake affects the railway of the train in operation, and to predict the extension of the dangerous track. It is to provide a system.

Another technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a seismometer with an earthquake information analysis function, to form a network with an existing seismograph to calculate the magnitude and magnitude of the earthquake, the location of the epicenter, and to simultaneously operate trains and railway control systems. It is to provide a railway seismic early warning system that can be transmitted.

As a means for achieving the above-mentioned technical problem, the railway earthquake early warning system according to the present invention, at least one seismometer for recording the amplitude and frequency of the earthquake wave propagated along the surface or inside the earth when the earthquake occurs; An earthquake information receiver for receiving seismic waves from the seismograph; An earthquake information analysis unit for analyzing the P wave among the seismic waves according to an automatic earthquake detection algorithm and determining information about the magnitude of the generated earthquake before reaching the S wave, the strength of the expected earthquake wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous line; A railway control system that automatically transmits an early earthquake warning to a train in operation according to the railway linear information and train information in operation when it is determined that the earthquake information analysis unit is a dangerous earthquake; And a train that slows down or stops by receiving an early earthquake warning transmitted from the railway control system, wherein the earthquake information receiver, the earthquake information analyzer, and the railway control system are built in a railway traffic control center. .

Here, the seismic information analysis unit derives the intrinsic period and the earthquake attenuation equation through the analysis of the P wave, and the S wave of the seismic wave from the envelope function (Envelop Function) for the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude It is possible to estimate the magnitude of the earthquake occurring before it reaches, the magnitude of the anticipated seismic wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous track.

Here, the earthquake information analysis unit, seismometer installation location DB for storing the location information on which the at least one seismometer is installed; P-wave information analysis unit for analyzing the P-wave transmitted from the earthquake information receiver, to calculate the natural period, to derive the earthquake damping equation, to calculate the acceleration / speed gradient, and to calculate the maximum envelope function (Envelop Function) ; An earthquake magnitude determination unit for determining an earthquake magnitude according to the result analyzed by the P wave information analyzer; An earthquake intensity determination unit for determining an earthquake wave intensity according to the result analyzed by the P wave information analyzer; A dangerous earthquake determining unit that determines whether a dangerous earthquake is based on the magnitude of the earthquake and the magnitude of the seismic wave; And a dangerous line extension predicting unit predicting a dangerous line extension according to railway linear information and operating train information when the dangerous earthquake determination unit determines that the dangerous earthquake is determined.

Here, the earthquake information analysis unit determines the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph, and when the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph is near, it is characterized in that the early earthquake early warning to the train.

Here, the earthquake information receiving unit is characterized in that for receiving the seismic wave from the at least one or more seismometers in the network multiple station method to determine the epicenter location.

Here, the railway traffic control center analyzes earthquake information in conjunction with the meteorological office, and the rail traffic control center may select a faster one from the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analyzer and the earthquake early warning transmitted from the meteorological office. .

Here, the railway control system, railway linear information DB for storing railway linear information (railroad track position information); And it may include a train information DB for receiving train operation information in real time from the running train.

Here, the railway control system may transmit the earthquake early warning to substations, broadcasting stations, and the general public when the earthquake early warning is transmitted to the train in operation.

Here, the seismograph may be a seismograph equipped with an earthquake information analysis function.

As another means for achieving the above-described technical problem, a method for early warning earthquake for railways according to the present invention comprises the steps of: a) at least one or more seismometers detect and transmit P wave among the seismic waves when an earthquake occurs; b) analyzing the seismic data of the transmitted P wave before reaching the S wave among the seismic waves based on the seismograph position information and the railway linear information to determine whether a dangerous earthquake and dangerous line extension are made; c) transmitting an early earthquake warning to a running train when it is determined that the earthquake is dangerous according to the analysis; And d) slowing or stopping the running train in response to the transmitted earthquake early warning, wherein steps b) and c) are performed by an earthquake information analysis unit built in a railway traffic control center. It is done.

Here, the step c) is characterized by determining the magnitude of the generated earthquake, the intensity of the expected anticipated seismic wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the danger line extension according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm.

Here, in step c), the natural wave and the earthquake attenuation equation are derived according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm through analysis of the P wave before reaching the S wave among the seismic waves, and the initial slope and the maximum value of the maximum amplitude are obtained. It is characterized by deriving an envelope function for.

Here, step c) receives an early earthquake warning in conjunction with the Meteorological Administration, and selects a faster one from the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analysis unit and the early earthquake warning transmitted from the meteorological office. It characterized in that for transmitting.

Here, step d) may transmit the early earthquake warning to substations, broadcasting stations, and the general public when the early earthquake warning is transmitted to the train in operation.

Here, the step b) may determine the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph, and if the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph is a short distance, the early earthquake warning can be sent directly to the train.

According to the present invention, it is possible to propagate earthquake information by analyzing the expected earthquake wave as early as possible, thereby enabling the deceleration operation before derailing due to the high-speed train earthquake.

According to the present invention, it is possible to minimize the number of derailment of the high-speed train in the event of an earthquake, minimizing the entry of the trailing train into the danger zone and minimizing infrastructure damage when the train is derailed by predicting dangerous track extension.

According to the present invention, it is possible to determine whether a dangerous earthquake affects the railway of a train in operation by analyzing the P wave before the S wave arrives during an earthquake, and predict the dangerous line extension.

According to the present invention, by installing a seismograph having an earthquake information analysis function, it is possible to form a network with an existing seismograph, calculate the magnitude and magnitude of the earthquake, the location of the epicenter, and transmit the same to a train and a railway control system in operation.

According to the present invention, before the first earthquake wave reaches the train, earthquakes capable of predicting seismic information, such as S waves, are classified as long-distance earthquakes, and unforeseen earthquakes are classified as short-range earthquakes. Earthquake early warning can be sent.

1A and 1B are photographs showing train derailment due to an earthquake.
2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a seismic detection system for railroad tracks and a track side installation position according to the related art, respectively.
3 is a diagram showing a domestic earthquake distribution map.
4 is a diagram illustrating a typical earthquake waveform.
5 is a diagram specifically illustrating an earthquake wave.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a meteorological office earthquake observation network and an acceleration observation network operating in Korea.
7 is a diagram illustrating an analysis example of seismic waves.
8 is a block diagram of a railway earthquake early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a diagram illustrating the construction of an early earthquake early warning system for railways using a meteorological office seismograph according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a view showing a method of early earthquake warning for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a view showing in detail the earthquake information receiver in the early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a view showing in detail the seismic information analysis unit in the early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating that an early earthquake early warning system for railways is constructed in a railway traffic control center together with a railway control system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that it can further include other components, except to exclude other components unless otherwise stated.

First, before explaining the railway earthquake early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in the domestic earthquake distribution, seismic waveform and earthquake observation network.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a domestic earthquake distribution map, FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a general earthquake waveform, and FIG. 5 is a diagram specifically illustrating an earthquake wave.

Figure 3 shows the distribution of earthquakes of magnitude 2.0 or more occurred in Korea from January to August 2009, there are a lot of internal earthquakes due to the characteristics of domestic earthquakes.

Seismic waves are called seismic waves (elastic waves) that are generated inside the earth and emitted from the epicenter and propagate in all directions. These seismic waves are real waves (P waves and S waves) that penetrate deep inside the earth, and surface waves (L waves) that propagate along the outer layer near the surface of the earth, and these surface waves (L waves) are LQ waves (Love wave). And LR waves (Rayleigh waves).

Bodywave is a seismic wave traveling through the earth, and there are two kinds of waves, P wave and S wave, depending on the deformation of the medium. Here, P and S represent the order and characteristics of the seismic waves to reach the initial of "Primary or Push" and "Secondary or Shake".

Specifically, the P wave (primary wave) is a longitudinal wave in which the vibration direction of the medium and the wave propagation direction are the same, and the advancing speed is about 5 to 8 km / s, and passes through all media of solid, liquid, and gas. In addition, the S wave (secondary wave) is a transverse wave in which the vibration direction of the medium and the wave propagation direction are perpendicular to each other. The traveling speed is about 4 km / s and the solid passes only. At this time, the S-wave does not change the density, but only the deformation of the earth's crust and the liquid inside (the outer and inner core of the earth) can not pass through the horizontal movement perpendicular to the direction of travel.

Surface waves propagate along the earth's surface and are the slowest at 3 km / s of seismic waves, but have a high amplitude and have high fracture forces. These surface waves are classified into LQ waves (Love waves), in which density does not change, and LR waves (Rayleigh waves) in which wave types show complex characteristics of S and P waves.

As the P-wave propagation speed is the fastest among several seismic waves, it is important to automatically determine the existence of P-wave in the early earthquake warning system. 4 shows a signal in which seismic waves are recorded by a recorder, and Tables 1 and 5 show types and characteristics of seismic waves.

Referring to FIG. 4, in general, P waves (7 to 8 Km / s), which are longitudinal waves, propagate the fastest when an earthquake occurs, followed by S waves (3 to 4 Km / s), which are severe damage waves. The early earthquake warning system detects P waves with the fastest propagation speed, promptly informs of the occurrence of an earthquake before reaching S waves, and controls major facilities to reduce damage caused by earthquakes.

At present, developed countries in the United States, Taiwan, and Japan are developing and operating early earthquake warning systems. In Japan, in particular, after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, we invested enormous budgets for the early earthquake early warning system. As a result, the early earthquake early warning service has been in place since the end of 2007. To pass.

The Korea Meteorological Administration is operating an earthquake warning system in Korea, but uses the existing national earthquake observation network to receive data from the earthquake stations in the country and analyze it after receiving data from a central server. It is notified within five minutes of the announcement. The seismic warning system currently in operation does not serve the purpose of early earthquake warning because seismic waves pass through the Korean peninsula within two minutes, considering the area of the Korean peninsula.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop an early earthquake warning system that can identify earthquakes within a few tens of seconds after an earthquake occurs. The Meteorological Agency is currently developing an early earthquake warning system that can be notified within 50 seconds of an earthquake. However, a common disadvantage of the earthquake warning system currently being operated by the Meteorological Agency and the early earthquake early warning system under development is that all earthquake measurement data is transmitted to the central server, and after the analysis, the earthquake notification is made, so there is less time to prepare for an earthquake.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a meteorological office earthquake observation network and an acceleration observation network operating in Korea, and FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an analysis of seismic waves.

As the meteorological office seismic observation network and the acceleration observation network operating in Korea, as shown in Figure 6, an ultra-wideband seismometer, broadband seismograph, short-cycle seismograph and accelerometer are installed and operated. Specifically, the ultra-wideband seismometer detects a very wide range of seismic waves with a period of 0.1 to 400 seconds, and is used for the study of free vibration of the earth using long-term long-term seismic observation and surface wave records. Broadband seismometer is a seismometer that can detect both near and far earthquakes by detecting seismic waves in a range of 0.02 to 100 seconds, and is used for earthquake observation as well as domestic and foreign earthquake research using wideband seismic waveforms. The short-cycle seismograph is a seismograph having a period of 0.05 to 1 second and is used for everyday observation such as a near earthquake. Accelerometer is a device that records the acceleration of seismic motion and is used for research and application of seismic engineering.

As such, the seismic waves detected by seismometers installed in various parts of the country are transmitted to the Meteorological Agency through the respective seismic information receiver. As such, the seismic data collected by the Meteorological Agency is automatically analyzed by the seismic analysis system and re-analyzed, and then notified to disaster-related agencies and media organizations. In this case, the principle is to be notified of a regretful earthquake or damage occurring in Korea, or an earthquake of magnitude 4.0 or more occurring on land or 5.0 or more in coastal waters. At this time, the epicenter, epicenter, and magnitude of the earthquake, as well as the detection contents near the epicenter and the phenomenon accompanying the earthquake, etc. are notified. In addition, all the seismic data observed are released to the public through the Internet.

On the other hand, Figure 8 is a block diagram of a railway earthquake early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, an early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a seismometer 100, a meteorological office server 200, a rail traffic control center 300, and a train 400. The traffic control center 300 may include an earthquake information receiver 310, an earthquake information analyzer 320, and a railway control system 330.

Seismograph 100 includes at least one seismograph 110, 120, 130, 140, each seismograph 100 detects the vibration of the earthquake and propagates along the inside or surface of the earth when the earthquake occurs. Record the amplitude and frequency of the seismic waves. Specifically, when an earthquake occurs, seismic waves are generated, and the distance to the epicenter can be known through the seismometer 100 which is a device for recording such seismic waves. In the seismic early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, the seismograph is a conventional seismometer 100a or a seismograph 100b having a seismic information analysis function by forming a network with an existing seismograph 100a and the magnitude of the earthquake. And the strength, the origin and the like can be calculated and transmitted at the same time to the train 500 and the railway control system 330 in operation.

The seismic information receiver 310, the seismic information analyzer 320, and the railway control system 330 are built in the rail traffic control center 300.

Specifically, the railway traffic control center 300 is for efficiently performing train operation control tasks such as expanding the scope of centralized control as the speed of railways and the interval between trains become shorter, and monitoring and controlling all trains in the country. It was installed to improve safety and ensure on-time operation. For example, the railway traffic control center 300 monitors and controls about 3,000 trains operating in the country every day by integrating and receiving train control functions distributed in five regions of the country into one system. Therefore, the stability and timely operation rate of railway traffic can be greatly improved, and users can use it more conveniently and safely by efficient train operation management, and can respond quickly and recover in case of an accident.

The railway traffic control center 300 can efficiently manage the train operation by automating the monitoring and control of the train with a large computer, and the rail traffic control center 300 monitors and controls all trains operating the railroad. Automatic train tracking and control system for controlling, the control communication facility that can communicate wirelessly with the engineer and the facility for remotely controlling the electricity supply. In particular, the railway traffic control center 300 by installing a GIS (geographic information system) location tracking equipment that provides information on the access to fire stations, hospitals, etc. in connection with train location information in the event of disasters and disasters, such as fire trucks and ambulances There is a crisis response system that can be dispatched quickly.

Specifically, the seismic information receiver 310 of the railway traffic control center 300 receives the seismic wave from the seismograph. At this time, the seismic information receiver 310 receives seismic waves from the at least one seismometer 100 in a network multi-observation method to determine the epicenter location of the earthquake.

The seismic information analysis unit 320 of the railway traffic control center 300 analyzes the P wave among the seismic waves according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm, and the magnitude of the earthquake generated before the S wave arrives, the magnitude of the expected seismic wave, and the dangerous earthquake. Determines information about whether and how to extend the risk line. For example, the seismic information analysis unit 320 derives the natural period and the earthquake damping expression through the analysis of the P wave, and from the envelope function for the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude Among the seismic waves, it is possible to estimate the magnitude of the earthquake that occurs before the S-wave reaches the track, the strength of the expected earthquake wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous track. In other words, the seismic information analysis unit 320 derives the intrinsic period and the earthquake damping expression through the analysis of the P wave, and the seismic wave from the envelope function for the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude. The magnitude of the earthquake occurring before the S-wave reaches the track, the magnitude of the expected seismic wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous track can be estimated. For example, the magnitude of the earthquake can be estimated from the acceleration, velocity, and displacement of the initial P wave.

In addition, the earthquake information analysis unit 320 classifies an earthquake capable of predicting earthquake information such as an S wave before a first earthquake wave reaches a train, and classifies an unpredictable earthquake into a near earthquake, and in the case of a near earthquake, The earthquake early warning may be transmitted from the seismograph 100 directly to the nearby train 500 without passing through the railway control system 330.

When the railway control system 330 of the railway traffic control center 300 determines that the earthquake information analysis unit 320 is a dangerous earthquake, early warning of the earthquake on the train in operation according to the railway linear information and the train information in operation. Send automatically.

The train 400 includes an earthquake early warning receiver 410, a train controller 420, and a train information transmitter 430. The train 400 receives the earthquake early warning transmitted from the railroad control system 330 and is slowed down or stopped. .

Specifically, the train information transmission unit 430 of the running train 400 transmits the information in operation along the railway to the railway control system 330 in real time, the earthquake early warning receiver of the running train 400 ( 410 receives the earthquake early warning from the railroad control system 330, the train control unit 420 of the running train 400 stops or stops the train 400 according to the received earthquake early warning.

Meanwhile, the railway traffic control center 300 analyzes earthquake information in association with the server 200 of the Meteorological Agency, and the railway traffic control center 300 analyzes the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analyzer 320. The early one of the earthquake early warning transmitted from the meteorological office server 200 may be selected.

In addition, the railway control system 300 may transmit the early earthquake warning to substations, broadcasting stations and the general public when the early earthquake warning is transmitted to the train 400 in operation.

According to the earthquake early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, since there are many internal internal earthquakes due to the characteristics of domestic earthquakes, "sensor networking" is needed when constructing the early earthquake warning system. A variety of scattered seismographs can be used to predict the magnitude of the earthquake, the magnitude of the expected seismic wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous line.

Earthquake early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention as a pre-response system, for example, by using the Meteorological Agency real-time information network, grasp the information before reaching the seismic track side, to seize the magnitude and risk earthquake, To transmit and receive predicted early earthquake information. That is, the railway earthquake early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention by converting the existing seismic monitoring system that can respond after the S wave among the seismic waves to a corresponding pre-response system before the S wave among the seismic waves, It is possible to secure the safety of high-speed trains operating at high speed and to minimize damage.

Earthquake early warning system for railway according to an embodiment of the present invention, by installing a seismometer having a seismic information analysis function, by forming a network with the existing seismograph to calculate the magnitude and strength of the earthquake, the location of the epicenter and the train and railway Can transmit to the control system at the same time.

9 is a diagram illustrating the construction of an early earthquake early warning system for railways using a meteorological office seismograph according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the seismic early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in a) of FIG. 9, an earthquake occurs so that a high-speed P wave propagates first, and then, as shown in b) of FIG. 9. As described above, the first seismograph 110 installed closest to the earthquake generated among the plurality of seismographs 110, 120, 130, and 140 installed first detects the P wave. At this time, the seismic data for the detected P wave is transmitted to the railway seismic early warning system, that is, the railway traffic control center 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention is analyzed.

Next, as shown in c) of FIG. 9, the P wave is detected by the second seismograph 120, and the P wave detected by the second seismograph 120 is similar to the rail traffic control center 300. Sent to and analyzed.

Next, as shown in d) of FIG. 9, P waves are detected by a plurality of seismometers 110, 120, 130, and 140, and the detected P waves are transmitted to and analyzed by the rail traffic control center 300. Before the slow S wave reaches the track 500, the earthquake early warning is transmitted to the train in operation after being analyzed by the seismic information analysis unit built in the rail traffic control center 300. Slow down or stop depending on the risk of the earthquake.

As described above, the early earthquake warning system first detects P waves by using the propagation speed difference between the seismic waves 'P waves' (7-8 km / s) and 'S waves' (3-4 km / s). By analyzing, it is a system that informs the earthquake situation before the damaging S wave arrives. As a method of observing such an earthquake, there is a method of detecting P waves near the epicenter with one seismograph and analyzing seismic information by connecting several seismographs through a network.

For example, if you use a single seismograph, you can quickly detect earthquakes, but there is a high probability that you will be mistaken for false earthquakes and will not be able to detect earthquakes. In addition, the network method of collecting data recorded by several seismographs installed in a distant place can increase the accuracy of the seismic information, but it may increase the earthquake damage by taking a few seconds to transmit and analyze the seismic information. Therefore, in the case of the embodiment of the present invention, a method of combining the two methods to ensure the speed and accuracy of the earthquake alarm may be used.

On the other hand, Figure 10 is a diagram showing the early warning method for earthquake for railway according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the concept of the early earthquake early warning method for high-speed railway using the existing seismometer, such as meteorological office seismograph.

Referring to FIG. 10, when the earthquake early warning method for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention occurs, when an earthquake occurs (S110), at least one seismometer detects and transmits P waves among seismic waves (S120). Here, the seismograph is an existing seismograph (100a) or a seismograph (100b) having a seismic information analysis function to form a network with the existing seismograph (100a) to calculate the magnitude and strength, the location of the earthquake, etc. 500 and the railway control system 330 at the same time.

Next, based on the seismograph position information and the railway linear information, the seismic data of the transmitted P wave is analyzed before reaching the S wave among the seismic waves to determine whether there is a dangerous earthquake and the risk line extension, and further, such a P wave analysis If it is determined that according to the dangerous earthquake, and transmits the early warning earthquake to the train in operation (S130). At this time, the seismic data of the transmitted P wave is analyzed in the seismic information analysis unit built in the railway traffic control center (300).

That is, the seismic information analysis unit built in the railway traffic control center 300 determines the information on the magnitude of the generated earthquake, the intensity of the expected earthquake wave, whether the dangerous earthquake and the danger line extension according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm. From the seismic wave, before the S wave arrives, through the analysis of the P wave, the natural period and the seismic attenuation equation are derived according to the automatic seismic detection algorithm, and the envelope function for the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude is obtained. To derive In addition, the railway traffic control center 300 receives the early earthquake warning in conjunction with the meteorological office, and selects the early one from the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analysis unit and the early earthquake alarm transmitted from the meteorological office operating trains Earthquake early warning may be sent to 400.

Next, in response to the transmitted earthquake early warning to stop or stop the running train 400 (S140). At this time, when transmitting the earthquake early warning to the train in operation, the earthquake early warning to the substation 600, the station 700 and the public 800 may be transmitted by wire or wireless.

On the other hand, Figure 11 is a view showing in detail the earthquake information receiving unit in the early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 11, the seismic information receiver 310 in the early earthquake early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, the amplifier 311, buffer 312, ADC 313, data processing unit 314 and power supply unit (315) and the like, but is not limited to such. The earthquake information receiver 310 is for illustration only.

In the seismic early warning system, the analog signals measured from the seismograph 100 can be used for reliable measurements (high resolution, low noise) and effective data processing (noise removal, seismic signal enhancement and seismic analysis), efficient data storage (database of seismic information) and Conversion to digital data is required for transmission. Since the seismic information receiver 310 for analyzing the seismic signal is intended for reliable data collection, low noise and high resolution performance (Dynamic Range of 120dB or more) is required. In other words, earthquake early warning systems require more than 120dB of dynamic range, a specification for research and observation applications, as seismic meters are installed and operated at current seismic stations.

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to convert an analog signal from the seismograph 100 for earthquake measurement into a signal for use in a digital circuit. Analog / digital converter 313 suitable for seismic measurement requires high resolution of more than 24 bits and signal measurement in east-west (EW), north-south (NS), and up-down (UD) directions for accurate measurement of seismic waves. ) More than one input channel is required. In addition, since the frequency range utilized for seismic wave analysis is in the range of 0 to 50 Hz, the operating range of the analog-to-digital converter 313 is 0 to several Hz, rather than several to several MHz. Therefore, an analog-to-digital converter having a sampling frequency of 100 Hz or less is suitable.

The data processor 314 may be implemented as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) capable of implementing various functions in one chip, for example, to control the analog-to-digital converter 313 and process data. However, it is not limited thereto. Therefore, the data processed by the data processor 314 is transmitted to the earthquake information analyzer 320.

On the other hand, Figure 12 is a view showing in detail the seismic information analysis unit in the early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 12, the seismic information analysis unit 320 in the seismic early warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, the P-wave information analysis unit 321, seismometer installation position DB 322, earthquake magnitude determination unit 323, a seismic wave strength determining unit 324, a dangerous earthquake determining unit 325, and a dangerous track extension predicting unit 326.

The seismograph installation position DB 322 stores the currently installed seismograph installation position.

The P wave information analyzer 321 includes an intrinsic period calculator, an earthquake damping derivator, an acceleration / speed gradient calculator, and a maximum envelope function calculator. The P wave information analyzer 321 includes: A natural period is calculated for the data transmitted from the earthquake information receiver 310 according to the automatic seismic wave detection algorithm, a seismic attenuation equation is obtained, and an acceleration / speed gradient is calculated and a maximum envelope function is obtained. Will yield.

The earthquake magnitude determination unit 323 determines the magnitude of the earthquake according to the result analyzed by the P-wave information analyzer 321.

The seismic wave strength determiner 324 determines the seismic wave strength according to the result analyzed by the P wave information analyzer 321.

The dangerous earthquake judging unit 325 determines whether the dangerous earthquake is based on the magnitude of the earthquake and the magnitude of the seismic wave.

The dangerous track extension predicting unit 326, when the dangerous earthquake determination unit 325 determines that the dangerous earthquake, the railway track position information and train information DB 332 stored in the railway line information DB 331 stored in the railway linear information DB 331 Predict the risk line extension accordingly. At this time, the railway linear information DB (331) for storing railway linear information (railroad track position information), and the train information DB 332 for receiving train operation information from a running train in real time is built in the railway control system 330. do.

On the other hand, Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating that the railway earthquake early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention is built in the railway traffic control center together with the railway control system.

Referring to FIG. 13, in the early earthquake warning system for railways according to an embodiment of the present invention, a railway control system 330 is built in a railway traffic control center 300, and the railway control system 330 is a railroad. The linear information DB 331 and the train information DB 332 are included.

Information analyzed by the earthquake information analysis unit 320 built in the railway traffic control center 300 is transmitted to the railway control system 330, the railway control system 330 is operating train 400 or substation 600 At the same time, the information is transmitted in the shortest time, and the earthquake information may be transmitted to the broadcasting station 700 and the public 800, if necessary. In addition, the earthquake information analysis unit 320 classifies an earthquake capable of predicting earthquake information such as an S wave before a first earthquake wave reaches a train, and classifies an unpredictable earthquake into a near earthquake, and in the case of a near earthquake, The earthquake early warning may be transmitted to the nearby train 500 directly from the seismograph 100 without passing through the railway control system 330.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to propagate earthquake information by analyzing the expected earthquake wave as early as possible, thereby enabling a deceleration operation before derailing due to a high speed train earthquake. In addition, the number of derailments of high-speed trains can be minimized in the event of an earthquake, and the prediction of dangerous track extension can minimize the ingress of trailing trains into the danger zone and the recovery of infrastructure damage when the trains are derailed. In addition, when the earthquake occurs, before the S wave arrives, the P wave may be analyzed to determine whether a dangerous earthquake affects the railway of the train in operation and predict the extension of the dangerous track.

The foregoing description of the present invention is intended for illustration, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be easily modified in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is shown by the following claims rather than the above description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

100, 110-140: seismograph
100a: conventional seismograph
100b: seismograph with seismic information analysis function
200: Meteorological Agency server
300: railway traffic control center
310: earthquake information receiver
320: earthquake information analysis unit
330: railway control system
400: train
410: earthquake early warning receiver
420: train control unit
430: train information transmission unit
500: railway track
321: P wave information analysis unit
322: seismograph installation location DB
323: earthquake magnitude determination unit
324: seismic strength determination unit
325: Danger Earthquake Determination Unit
326: risk line extension prediction unit
331: railway linear information DB
332: train information DB

Claims (16)

At least one seismometer for recording the amplitude and frequency of the seismic waves propagating along the surface of the earth or during the earthquake;
An earthquake information receiver for receiving seismic waves from the seismograph;
An earthquake information analysis unit for analyzing the P wave among the seismic waves according to an automatic earthquake detection algorithm and determining information about the magnitude of the generated earthquake before reaching the S wave, the strength of the expected earthquake wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous line;
A railway control system that automatically transmits an early earthquake warning to a train in operation according to the railway linear information and train information in operation when it is determined that the earthquake information analysis unit is a dangerous earthquake; And
Receiving the early earthquake warning transmitted from the railway control system includes a train that is slow or stop,
The earthquake information receiver, the earthquake information analyzer and the railway control system are built in a railway traffic control center,
The seismic information analysis unit derives the intrinsic period and the earthquake damping equation through the analysis of the P wave, and the S wave reaches the track among the seismic waves from the envelope function for the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude. An early earthquake earthquake warning system for railways, characterized by predicting the magnitude of the earthquake occurring before, the magnitude of the expected seismic wave, the presence of a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous track. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the earthquake information analysis unit,
An earthquake installation location DB for storing location information on which the at least one seismograph is installed;
P-wave information analysis unit for analyzing the P-wave transmitted from the earthquake information receiver, to calculate the natural period, to derive the earthquake damping equation, to calculate the acceleration / speed gradient, and to calculate the maximum envelope function (Envelop Function) ;
An earthquake magnitude determination unit for determining an earthquake magnitude according to the result analyzed by the P wave information analyzer;
An earthquake intensity determination unit for determining an earthquake wave intensity according to the result analyzed by the P wave information analyzer;
A dangerous earthquake determining unit that determines whether a dangerous earthquake is based on the magnitude of the earthquake and the magnitude of the seismic wave; And
If the dangerous earthquake determination unit is determined to be a dangerous earthquake, railway earthquake early warning system comprising a dangerous track extension prediction unit for predicting the dangerous track extension according to the railway linear information and operating train information. The method of claim 1,
The earthquake information analysis unit, the earthquake early warning system for determining the distance between the source and the seismograph, when the distance between the source and the seismograph is a short distance, the earthquake early warning system for railways, characterized in that for transmitting directly to the train. The method of claim 1,
The earthquake early warning system for the railway, characterized in that for receiving the earthquake wave from the at least one or more seismometers in a network multi-station method to determine the epicenter location of the earthquake. The method of claim 1,
The railway traffic control center is a railway earthquake early warning system, characterized in that to analyze the earthquake information in conjunction with the Meteorological Agency. The method according to claim 6,
The railway traffic control center seismic early warning system for the earthquake early warning characterized in that the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analysis unit and the earthquake early warning transmitted from the meteorological office. According to claim 1, The railway control system,
Railway linear information DB for storing railway linear information (railroad track position information); And
Earthquake early warning system for railroads comprising a train information DB that receives train operation information from a running train in real time. The method of claim 1,
The railway control system earthquake early warning system for transmitting the early earthquake warning to substations, broadcasting stations and the general public, when transmitting the earthquake early warning to the train in operation. The method of claim 1,
The seismograph is an early earthquake warning system for railroads, characterized in that the seismometer is equipped with a seismic information analysis function. a) at least one seismograph detects and transmits P waves among the seismic waves when an earthquake occurs;
b) analyzing the seismic data of the transmitted P wave before reaching the S wave among the seismic waves based on the seismograph position information and the railway linear information to determine whether a dangerous earthquake and dangerous line extension are made;
c) transmitting an early earthquake warning to a running train when it is determined that the earthquake is dangerous according to the analysis; And
d) slowing or stopping the running train in response to the transmitted earthquake early warning;
Steps b) and c) are performed by the seismic information analysis unit built in the railway traffic control center,
The step c), the earthquake early warning method for the earthquake, characterized in that for determining the magnitude of the earthquake generated, the strength of the expected earthquake wave, whether there is a dangerous earthquake, and the extension of the dangerous line according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm. delete 12. The method of claim 11,
In the step c), before the S wave arrives from the seismic waves, the natural period and the seismic attenuation equation are derived according to the automatic earthquake detection algorithm through analysis of the P wave, and the initial slope and the maximum value for the maximum amplitude are obtained. An early warning method for earthquakes for railways, characterized by deriving an envelope function. 12. The method of claim 11,
Step c) receives the early earthquake warning in conjunction with the Meteorological Agency, and selects a faster one from the earthquake early warning analyzed by the earthquake information analysis unit and the early earthquake warning transmitted from the meteorological office, and transmits the early earthquake warning to the train in operation. Earthquake early warning method for railroad, characterized in that. 12. The method of claim 11,
In step d), when the earthquake early warning is transmitted to the train in operation, the earthquake early warning method for railway substations, broadcasting stations, and the general public, the earthquake early warning is transmitted. 12. The method of claim 11,
B) the step of determining the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph, when the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph is near, when the early earthquake early warning method for earthquake for railway, characterized in that for transmitting the early earthquake early warning.

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