KR101306509B1 - Energy self-sufficient advanced wastewater treatment system by combination of microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells - Google Patents

Energy self-sufficient advanced wastewater treatment system by combination of microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells Download PDF

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KR101306509B1
KR101306509B1 KR1020110092835A KR20110092835A KR101306509B1 KR 101306509 B1 KR101306509 B1 KR 101306509B1 KR 1020110092835 A KR1020110092835 A KR 1020110092835A KR 20110092835 A KR20110092835 A KR 20110092835A KR 101306509 B1 KR101306509 B1 KR 101306509B1
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bioelectrochemical
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wastewater treatment
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민부기
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경희대학교 산학협력단
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/586—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds by removing ammoniacal nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

본 발명은 미생물연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지가 융합된 에너지 자립형 고도 폐수처리 장치 및 상기 장치를 통한 폐수처리 방법에 관한 것이다.
본 발명에 의한 폐수처리 장치는 폭기 공정 및 폐수처리시 필요한 에너지를 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 운전비용을 절감할 수 있으며, 폐수내의 유기물과 영양물질을 친환경적 고도 폐수 처리장치로 활용이 가능하다. The present invention relates to an energy-independent advanced wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis cell are fused, and a wastewater treatment method through the apparatus.
Wastewater treatment apparatus according to the present invention can reduce the operating cost because it does not require the energy required during the aeration process and wastewater treatment, it is possible to utilize the organic material and nutrients in the wastewater as an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment apparatus.

Description

미생물연료전지 및 미생물전기분해전지가 융합된 에너지 자립형 고도 폐수처리 장치 {Energy self-sufficient advanced wastewater treatment system by combination of microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells} Energy self-sufficient advanced wastewater treatment system by combination of microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells

본 발명은 미생물 연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지가 융합된 에너지 자립형 고도 폐수처리 장치 및 상기 장치를 통한 폐수처리 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an energy-independent advanced wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis cell are fused, and a wastewater treatment method through the apparatus.

최근 산업화가 진행되며 축산 폐수, 음식물 찌꺼기가 포함된 하수와 같이 다양한 경로로 하·폐수가 발생되고 있다. 이러한 하·폐수는 하천이나 토양을 오염Recently, industrialization is progressing, and sewage and wastewater are generated through various routes such as livestock wastewater and sewage containing food waste. Such sewage and waste water contaminate rivers and soils

시켜 생활의 질을 떨어뜨리고 이를 회복하는데 많은 시간과 경제적 비용이 소모된다. 특히 고농도 영양물질이 포함된 하·폐수가 하천으로 유입되면 하천의 부영양화 등을 초래하여 환경문제를 일으킬 수 있으므로, 정화된 상태로 배출되는 것이 바람직하다. 종래의 하·폐수 정화방법은 크게 물리적 정화방법, 화학적 정화방법 및 생물학적 정화방법이 있다. 물리적 정화방법은 입자의 크기나 입자의 비중차 또는 자성 등의 성질을 이용한 체분리, 여과, 투석, 침강, 증류 등의 방법이 있고, 화학적 정화방법은 용해도, 산화환원, 가수분해 또는 이온성 등을 이용한 중화법, 중화침전법, 산화환원법, 분해법, 응집법, 이온교환법 등이 있다. 생물학적 정화방법은 유기물이 다량 포함되어 있는 유기성 하·폐수를 정화하기 위해서 많이 이용되며, 생물 산화분해성이나 생물 환원 분해성 등의 성질을 이용한 활성오니법, 장기포기법, 접촉안정화법 및 순산소 폭기법 등이 있다.It takes a lot of time and economic cost to reduce the quality of life and restore it. In particular, when the sewage and wastewater containing high concentrations of nutrients are introduced into the rivers, they may cause eutrophication of the rivers and cause environmental problems. Conventional sewage and wastewater purification methods include physical purification, chemical purification, and biological purification. Physical purification methods include sieve separation, filtration, dialysis, sedimentation, and distillation using properties such as particle size, specific gravity difference, or magnetic properties. Chemical purification methods include solubility, redox, hydrolysis, or ionicity. Neutralization method, neutralization precipitation method, redox method, decomposition method, flocculation method, ion exchange method, and the like. Biological purification methods are widely used to purify organic sewage and wastewater containing a large amount of organic matter. Etc.

미생물 연료전지(microbial fuel cell; MFC)는 미생물을 촉매로 사용하여 전자공여체인 기질이 가지고 있는 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 전환하는 장치이다.A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that converts chemical energy of a substrate, which is an electron donor, into electrical energy using microorganisms as catalysts.

한편, 하수 또는 폐수 등의 오염수를 처리하는 비용 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 것은 산소 폭기와 잉여 슬러지 처리이다. 산소 폭기 장치는 처리대상의 크기에 따라 전기 에너지 소비량이 증가하며, 또한 상기 산소 폭기를 통해 오염수를 처리하면 호기성 미생물인 잉여 슬러지가 다량 발생하므로 잉여 슬러지를 처리하는 비용이 증대된다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 미생물 연료전지를 사용하여 오염수를 처리하고자 하는 연구가 진행되고 있다.On the other hand, the largest portion of the cost of treating contaminated water such as sewage or wastewater is oxygen aeration and excess sludge treatment. In the oxygen aeration apparatus, electrical energy consumption increases according to the size of the object to be treated, and when the contaminated water is treated through the oxygen aeration, a large amount of excess sludge, which is an aerobic microorganism, is generated, thereby increasing the cost of treating the excess sludge. In order to solve this problem, research is being conducted to treat contaminated water using microbial fuel cells.

그러나, 아직까지 미생물 연료전지는 이를 직접 오염수역에 적용하기에는 개선해야 할 점이 많다. 특히 현재로선 미생물연료전지 단독 기술로는 폐수 내의 영양물질의 처리가 불가능하다.However, microbial fuel cells still need to be improved to apply them directly to contaminated water. In particular, microbial fuel cell technology alone is currently unable to treat nutrients in wastewater.

국내 공개 번호 제2010-0133893호　　Domestic Publication Number 2010-0133893

이에 본 발명은 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위해 미생물 연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지를 융합한 에너지자립형 고도 폐수처리 장치 및 상기 장치를 통한 폐수처리 방법을 제공하는 것이다.In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an energy-independent advanced wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis cell are fused, and a wastewater treatment method through the apparatus.

본 발명은 폐수내 유기탄소화합물이 분해되는 미생물연료전지(20)와 영양물질이 처리되는 미생물전기분해전지(30)가 결합된 고도 폐수처리 장치; 상기 미생물연료전지(20)와 미생물전기분해전지(30)의 사이에 연결된 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9); 및 상기 미생물연료전지(2)의 유출수를 미생물전기분해전지(30)로 공급하는 관(4)을 포함하는 고도 폐수처리 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention is an advanced wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell 20 in which organic carbon compounds in wastewater are decomposed and a microbial electrolysis cell 30 in which nutrients are treated; An electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 connected between the microbial fuel cell 20 and the microbial electrolysis cell 30; And a tube 4 for supplying the effluent water of the microbial fuel cell 2 to the microbial electrolysis cell 30.

또한, 본 발명은 미생물연료전지(20)의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)로 유입된 폐수의 유기물이 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)에 부착되어 있는 미생물 촉매에 의해 산화되어 유기물을 제거하는 단계; 상기 유기물이 제거된 폐수를 관(4)을 통해 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(10)로 공급하여 폐수 내의 영양물질을 제거하는 단계; 및 상기 영양물질이 제거된 유출수를 배출하는 단계; 를 포함하는 폐수를 처리하는 방법에 관한 것이다. In addition, the present invention is the step of removing the organic matter is oxidized by the microbial catalyst attached to the bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode (3) the organic matter of the wastewater introduced into the bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor (2) of the microbial fuel cell (20) ; Supplying the wastewater from which the organic matter is removed to a bioelectrochemical reduction reactor (10) through a pipe (4) to remove nutrients in the wastewater; And discharging the effluent from which the nutrient substance has been removed. It relates to a method for treating wastewater comprising a.

본 발명에 의한 하수처리 장치는 폭기 공정을 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 운전비용을 절감할 수 있으며, 폐수 내의 유기물로부터 미생물연료전지를 통해 생산한 전기에너지를 폐수 내 영양물질 제거를 위해 필요한 미생물전기분해전지 에너지원으로 공급 할 수 있다. 또한 미생물전기분해전지의 전기화학적 산화반응조에서 생성된 고농도 산소는 미생물연료전지의 전기발생 성능을 향상시킨다. 그러므로 본 미생물연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지가 융합된 장치는 폐수 내의 유기물 및 영양물질을 외부에너지의 공급 없이 처리하는 친환경적 고도 폐수 처리장치로 활용이 가능하다.Since the sewage treatment apparatus according to the present invention does not require an aeration process, the operating cost can be reduced, and the microbial electrolysis cell required for removing nutrients from the wastewater is obtained from the organic energy in the wastewater. Can be supplied as an energy source In addition, the high concentration of oxygen produced in the electrochemical oxidation tank of the microbial electrolysis cell improves the electricity generation performance of the microbial fuel cell. Therefore, the microbial fuel cell and the microbial electrolysis cell can be utilized as an eco-friendly advanced wastewater treatment device for treating organic matter and nutrients in the wastewater without supplying external energy.

도 1은 본 발명에 의한 미생물연료전지와 미생물전기분해전기가 융합된 폐수처리 장치에 관한 것이다.
도 2는 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조의 측면에 관한 것이다.
도 3은 미생물연료전지 생물전기화학적 산화반응조 및 미생물전기분해전지 생물전기화학적 환원반응조의 측면에 관한 것이다.
도 4는 미생물연료전지 생물전기화학적 산화반응조 및 미생물전기분해전지 생물전기화학 환원반응조의 윗면에 관한 것이다.
도 5는 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2), 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9) 및 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 수직형의 상하로 배치된 하나의 단위 모듈이 여러 개의 단위 모듈을 형성하여 여러 층으로 쌓여진 것이다.1 relates to a wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis electric machine are fused according to the present invention.
Figure 2 relates to the side of the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reactor.
Figure 3 relates to the side of the microbial fuel cell bioelectrochemical oxidation tank and microbial electrolysis cell bioelectrochemical reduction reactor.
Figure 4 relates to the top surface of the microbial fuel cell bioelectrochemical oxidation tank and microbial electrolysis cell bioelectrochemical reduction reactor.
FIG. 5 illustrates that a single unit module vertically arranged in a vertical type of a bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor 2, an electrochemical oxidation / reduction reactor 9, and a bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11 forms a plurality of unit modules. It is stacked in layers.

본 발명은 미생물연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지가 융합된 고도 폐수처리 장치에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로,The present invention relates to an advanced wastewater treatment apparatus in which a microbial fuel cell and a microbial electrolysis cell are fused. More specifically,

폐수내 유기탄소화합물이 분해되는 미생물연료전지(20)와 영양물질이 처리되는 미생물전기분해전지(30)가 결합된 고도 폐수처리 장치;An advanced wastewater treatment device in which a microbial fuel cell 20 for decomposing organic carbon compounds in wastewater and a microbial electrolysis cell 30 for treating nutrients are combined;

상기 미생물연료전지(20)와 미생물전기분해전지(30)의 사이에 연결된 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9); 및An electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 connected between the microbial fuel cell 20 and the microbial electrolysis cell 30; And

상기 미생물연료전지(20)의 유출수를 미생물전기분해전지(30)로 공급하는 관(4)을 포함하는 고도 폐수처리 장치에 관한 것이다.It relates to an advanced wastewater treatment apparatus including a pipe (4) for supplying the effluent of the microbial fuel cell 20 to the microbial electrolysis cell (30).

상기 폐수라 함은 각 가정 및 공공건물, 영업건물 등에서 배출되는 가정폐수와 공장에서 배출되는 공장폐수, 공장폐수는 다시 광의의 산업폐수 등을 포괄하는 개념이다.The wastewater is a concept that includes household wastewater discharged from each home, public building, and business building, factory wastewater discharged from a factory, and factory wastewater again, a broad industrial wastewater.

본 발명에서 미생물연료전지(20)란 유기물에 함유된 화학에너지를 미생물을 이용하여 전기에너지로 직접 전환하는 장치로서 이온교환막(5)에 의해 나누어진 혐기성 조건의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 호기성 조건의 전기화학적 환원반응조(6)로 구성이 된다. In the present invention, the microbial fuel cell 20 is a device for directly converting chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy using microorganisms. The bioelectrochemical oxidation tank 2 under anaerobic conditions divided by an ion exchange membrane 5 and It consists of the electrochemical reduction tank 6 of aerobic conditions.

또한, 본 발명에서 미생물전기분해전지(30)란 물을 전기화학적으로 분해하여 전자를 얻는 전기화학적 산화반응조(8)와 폐수내 영양물질을 환원하여 처리하는 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 구성이 된다.In addition, in the present invention, the microbial electrolysis cell 30 is composed of an electrochemical oxidation reaction tank 8 which obtains electrons by electrochemically decomposing water and a bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank 11 which reduces and treats nutrients in wastewater. Becomes

상기 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2) 내부에 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)이 포함될 수 있으며, 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 내부에 생물전기화학적 환원전극(12)이 포함될 수 있다. 상기 산화전극(3) 및 환원전극(12)은 브러시 형태일 수 있다. The bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode 3 may be included in the bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor 2, and the bioelectrochemical reduction electrode 12 may be included in the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11. The anode 3 and the cathode 12 may be in the form of a brush.

상기 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2), 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9) 및 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)는 수직형의 상하로 배치하여 하나의 단위 모듈을 형성할 수 있으며, 경우에 따라 여러 개의 단위 모듈을 여러 층으로 쌓을 수 있다. 즉, 미생물연료전지와 미생물전기분해전지를 단층이 아니라 여러 개의 층으로 연결하여 폐수처리장 BOD(생물학적산소요구량) 및 영양물질 방류수기준을 만족할 수 있게 한다.The bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank (2), electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank (9) and bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank (11) can be arranged in a vertical unit up and down to form a unit module, depending on the case Unit modules can be stacked in multiple layers. In other words, microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells are connected by multiple layers instead of single layers to satisfy the BOD (biological oxygen demand) and nutrient discharge standards of wastewater treatment plants.

또한, 상기 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2) 및 전기화학적 환원반응조(7) 사이 및 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 및 전기화학적 산화반응조(8) 사이에 이온교환막(5)을 더 포함할 수 있다.In addition, an ion exchange membrane (5) may be further included between the bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor (2) and the electrochemical reduction reactor (7) and between the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor (11) and the electrochemical oxidation reactor (8). have.

상기 브러시 형태의 산화전극(3), 환원전극(12) 및 이온교환막(5)의 구성으로 인해 장치 내의 내부저항을 줄일 수 있다. The internal resistance in the device can be reduced due to the configuration of the brushed anode 3, the cathode 12, and the ion exchange membrane 5.

상기 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)에서 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 접하고 있는 영역에 전기화학적 환원전극(6)이 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)와 접하고 있는 영역에 전기화학적 산화전극(10)이 위치할 수 있다.In the region in which the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank (9) is in contact with the bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank (2), the electrochemical electrode (6) is in the region in contact with the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank (11) 10) can be located.

상기 전력발생장치(13)는 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)과 전기화학적 환원전극(6)에 연결되어 있고, 외부 전력공급기(14)는 전기화학적 산화전극(8)과 생물전기화학적 환원전극(11)에 연결되어 있다.The power generator 13 is connected to the bioelectrochemical anode 3 and the electrochemical cathode 6, the external power supply 14 is an electrochemical anode 8 and the bioelectrochemical cathode ( 11).

상기 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)과 전기화학적 환원전극(6)간의 전압 차에 의해 전류가 발생되어 전력발생장치(13)에서 전기를 생성할 수 있으며, 발생된 전기는 아래 부분의 외부 전력공급기(14)로 이동되거나 폐수 처리장 내에 필요한 전력으로 공급될 수 있다. 즉, 미생물연료전지(20)에서 생성된 전기에너지를 미생물전기분해전지(30)의 외부전원공급원으로 사용하도록 할 수 있다.The current is generated by the voltage difference between the bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode 3 and the electrochemical reduction electrode 6 to generate electricity in the power generator 13, the generated electricity is an external power supply of the lower portion 14 or may be supplied with the necessary power in the wastewater treatment plant. That is, the electric energy generated by the microbial fuel cell 20 may be used as an external power supply source of the microbial electrolysis cell 30.

상기 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)내에 폐수와 전극의 접촉을 원활하게 하기 위해서 격막(16)을 설치하여 플러그흐름으로 폐수가 이동하도록 할 수 있다.In order to facilitate contact between the wastewater and the electrode in the bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor 2 and the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11, a diaphragm 16 may be installed to allow the wastewater to move in a plug flow.

상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 내에서 영양물질이 제거된 유출수를 배출하는 배출관(15)을 더 포함할 수 있으며, 상기 생물전기 환원반응조를 거친 하·폐수(유출수)는 영양염류의 생물학적 정화가 이루어져 질소계 오염물, 인계 오염물, 중금속, 환경호르몬 및 잔류금속과 같은 오염 성분이 거의 포함되어 있지 않기 때문에 역삼투(RO, reverse osmosis)와 같은 고에너지를 필요로 하는 처리시설이 요구되지 않는다.The bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11 may further include a discharge pipe 15 for discharging the effluent from which the nutrients have been removed. As it contains little contaminants such as nitrogen-based contaminants, phosphorus contaminants, heavy metals, environmental hormones and residual metals, high energy treatment facilities such as reverse osmosis (RO) are not required.

상기 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)는 미생물연료전지(20)의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 미생물전기분해전지(30)의 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 사이에 위치할 수 있으며, 반응에 필요한 산소와 전자발생을 위한 물을 공급할 수 있다. 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)의 내부에 반은 물로 채워지며, 나머지 반은 산소가스로 채워질 수 있다. 즉, 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9) 내에서 산소의 환원과 물의 산화가 동시에 일어 날 수 있도록 내부에 반이 물로 채워질 수 있는 것이다. The electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 may be located between the bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank 2 of the microbial fuel cell 20 and the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank 11 of the microbial electrolysis cell 30. Oxygen required for the reaction and water for the generation of electrons can be supplied. The inside of the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 may be filled with half water and the other half with oxygen gas. That is, half can be filled with water so that the reduction of oxygen and the oxidation of water can occur simultaneously in the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9.

보다 구체적으로, 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)내의 산화반응에 의해 물에서 산소가 생성이 되고, 생성된 고농도 산소가스는 같은 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)내에서 환원반응에 의해 다시 물로 변환되는 반응이 반복적으로 일어나도록 할 수 있다. 산소는 미생물연료전지 전기발생을 위해 전기화학적 환원전극 표면에서 물로 환원되는 것이다. 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)의 내부에 있는 물의 수위는 산화/환원반응에 따라 변동될 수 있다.
More specifically, oxygen is generated in the water by the oxidation reaction in the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank (9), and the generated high concentration oxygen gas is returned to the water by the reduction reaction in the same electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank (9). The reaction to be converted can occur repeatedly. Oxygen is reduced to water on the surface of the electrochemical cathode for the generation of microbial fuel cells. The level of water in the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 may vary depending on the oxidation / reduction reaction.

또한, 본 발명은 상기 장치를 통해 폐수처리 방법에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로,The present invention also relates to a wastewater treatment method through the apparatus. More specifically,

미생물연료전지의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)로 유입된 폐수의 유기물을 제거하는 단계; 상기 유기물이 제거 폐수를 관(4)을 통해 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 공급하여 폐수 내의 영양물질을 제거하는 단계; 및 상기 영양물질이 제거된 유출수를 배출하는 단계; 를 포함하는 폐수를 처리하는 방법에 관한 것이다.Removing organic matter from the wastewater introduced into the bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor (2) of the microbial fuel cell; Supplying the organic matter removal wastewater to the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor (11) through a pipe (4) to remove nutrients in the wastewater; And discharging the effluent from which the nutrient substance has been removed. It relates to a method for treating wastewater comprising a.

보다 구체적으로, 먼저 폐수가 생물전지 산화반응조의 유입구(1)를 통하여 미생물연료전지 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)로 유입이 되면 폐수내의 생물학적으로 분해 가능한 유기물들이 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)에 부착되어 있는 미생물 촉매에 의해 산화가 일어난다. 유기물이 산화되면서 발생되는 전자와 수소이온은 전선과 이온교환막(5)으로 각각 통과하여 전기화학적 산화/환원 반응조(9)에서 발생되는 산소와 결합하여 물이 생성될 수 있다. More specifically, first, when wastewater enters the microbial fuel cell bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor (2) through the inlet (1) of the biocell oxidation reactor, biologically degradable organic matter in the wastewater is transferred to the bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode (3). Oxidation is caused by the attached microbial catalyst. Electrons and hydrogen ions generated when the organic material is oxidized may pass through the wires and the ion exchange membrane 5, respectively, and combine with oxygen generated in the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reaction tank 9 to generate water.

상기 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)과 전기화학적 환원전극(6) 간의 전압차에 의해 전류가 발생되어 전력발생장치(13)에서 전기를 생성할 수 있고, 발생된 전기는 아래 부분의 전력공급기(14)로 이동되거나 폐수처리장 내에 필요한 전력으로 공급될 수 있다. The electric current is generated by the voltage difference between the bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode 3 and the electrochemical reduction electrode 6 to generate electricity in the power generator 13, and the generated electricity is provided in the power supply unit of the lower portion ( 14) or may be supplied with the necessary power within the wastewater treatment plant.

상기 유기물이 제거된 폐수 즉, 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)의 유출수는 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 공급하는 관(4)을 통하여 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 이동이 될 수 있다. 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 내에서는 폐수 내에 존재하는 영양물질, 즉, 이에 제한되는 것은 아니나, 인 또는 질산을 제거할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 질산염 또는 아질산염은 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)에서 질소이온으로 전환되어 수중에서 제거될 수 있다. 외부 전력공급기(14)에 의해 전기화학적 산화/환원 반응조(9)내의 물에서 발생되는 전자는 전선을 통하여 아래 부분의 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)의 생물전기화학적 환원전극(12)으로 이동되고, 전극 표면에 부착된 미생물 촉매에 의해 질산염 또는 아질산염을 질소가스로 환원시켜 준다. 유기물과 영양물질이 제거된 폐수는 생물전기화학적 환원반응조 유출구(15)를 통하여 유출될 수 있다.Waste water from which the organic matter is removed, that is, the effluent from the bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank 2, may be moved to the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank 11 through a pipe 4 supplied to the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank 11. . In the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11, nutrients present in the wastewater, that is, but not limited thereto, may remove phosphorus or nitric acid. Specifically, nitrate or nitrite may be converted to nitrogen ions in the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11 and removed in water. Electrons generated in the water in the electrochemical oxidation / reduction reactor 9 by the external power supply 14 are transferred to the bioelectrochemical reduction electrode 12 of the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor 11 in the lower portion through the electric wire. The nitrate or nitrite is reduced to nitrogen gas by the microbial catalyst attached to the electrode surface. Wastewater from which organic matter and nutrients have been removed may be discharged through the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor outlet 15.

즉, 폐수는 최상단의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)를 통과하여 최하단의 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 흐르면서 유기물 및 영양물질이 제거될 수 있으며, 상기에서 설명한 방법으로 전기 에너지가 생산이 될 수 있고, 생성된 전기는 폐수처리장에 필요한 에너지를 공급하며, 정화된 하·폐수는 수질이 개선된 상태이므로 다양한 목적으로 재활용될 수 있다. 구체적인 재활용 분야는 농업용수로의 이용, 공업용수로의 이용 등의 분야이다.
That is, the wastewater can be passed through the top bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank (2) to the bottom bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank (11) to remove organic matter and nutrients, electrical energy can be produced by the method described above. The generated electricity supplies the energy required for the wastewater treatment plant, and the purified sewage and wastewater can be recycled for various purposes because the water quality is improved. Concrete recycling fields are fields such as the use of agricultural waterways and industrial waterways.

1: 산화반응조의 유입구, 2: 생물전기화학적 산화반응조, 3: 생물전기화학적 산화전극, 4: 관, 5: 이온교환막, 6: 전기화학적 환원전극, 7: 전기화학적 환원반응조, 8: 전기화학적 산화반응조, 9: 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조, 10: 전기화학적 산화전극, 11: 생물전기화학적 환원반응조, 12: 생물전기화학적 환원전극, 13: 전력발생장치, 14: 외부 전력공급기 15: 생물전기화학적 환원반응조 유출구, 16: 격막, 20: 미생물연료전지, 30: 미생물전기분해전지1: inlet of oxidation reactor, 2: bioelectrochemical oxidation reactor, 3: bioelectrochemical anode, 4: tube, 5: ion exchange membrane, 6: electrochemical reduction electrode, 7: electrochemical reduction reactor, 8: electrochemical Oxidation reactor, 9: electrochemical oxidation / reduction reactor, 10: electrochemical anode, 11: bioelectrochemical reduction reactor, 12: bioelectrochemical reduction electrode, 13: power generator, 14: external power supply 15: bioelectric Chemical reduction reactor outlet, 16: diaphragm, 20: microbial fuel cell, 30: microbial electrolysis cell

Claims (10)

폐수내 유기탄소화합물이 분해되는 미생물연료전지(20)와 영양물질이 처리되는 미생물전기분해전지(30)가 결합된 고도 폐수처리 장치;
상기 미생물연료전지(20) 내의 격막(16)을 포함하는 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 미생물전기분해전지(30) 내의 격막(16)을 포함하는 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 사이에 연결된 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9); 및
상기 미생물연료전지(20)의 유출수를 미생물전기분해전지(30)로 공급하는 관(4)을 포함하고 이를 하나의 단위 모듈로 하며, 상기 단위 모듈을 여러 개 적층할 수 있는 고도 폐수처리 장치.An advanced wastewater treatment device in which a microbial fuel cell 20 for decomposing organic carbon compounds in wastewater and a microbial electrolysis cell 30 for treating nutrients are combined;
It is connected between the bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank 2 including the diaphragm 16 in the microbial fuel cell 20 and the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank 11 including the diaphragm 16 in the microbial electrolysis cell 30. Electrochemical oxidation / reduction bath (9); And
An advanced wastewater treatment apparatus including a pipe (4) for supplying the effluent water of the microbial fuel cell (20) to the microbial electrolysis cell (30), which is a single unit module, and can stack a plurality of the unit modules. 삭제delete 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 미생물연료전지(20)의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2) 내부에 미생물 촉매가 부착된 생물전기화학적 산화전극(3)이 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 고도 폐수처리 장치.The advanced wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a bioelectrochemical oxidation electrode (3) having a microbial catalyst attached to the bioelectrochemical oxidation reaction tank (2) of the microbial fuel cell (20). 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2) 및 전기화학적 환원반응조(7) 사이 및 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 및 전기화학적 산화반응조(8) 사이에 이온교환막(5)을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 고도 폐수처리 장치. The ion exchange membrane (5) according to claim 1, wherein an ion exchange membrane (5) is placed between the bioelectrochemical oxidation tank (2) and the electrochemical reduction tank (7) and between the bioelectrochemical reduction tank (11) and the electrochemical oxidation tank (8). Advanced wastewater treatment apparatus further comprising. 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11) 내부에 미생물 촉매가 부착된 생물전기화학적 환원전극(12)이 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 고도 폐수처리 장치.The advanced wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a bioelectrochemical reduction electrode (12) having a microbial catalyst attached to the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank (11). 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 전기화학적 산화/환원반응조(9)에서 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)와 접하고 있는 영역에 전기화학적 환원전극(6)이, 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)와 접하고 있는 영역에 전기화학적 산화전극(10)이 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 고도 폐수처리 장치. The electrochemical reduction electrode (6) of the electrochemical oxidation / reduction tank (9) in contact with the bioelectrochemical oxidation tank (2) is in contact with the bioelectrochemical reduction reactor (11). Advanced wastewater treatment apparatus, characterized in that the electrochemical anode 10 is located in the area. 삭제delete 제1항에 있어서, 상기 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)에 연결이 되는 유출수를 배출하는 배출관(15)을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 고도 폐수처리 장치. According to claim 1, Advanced wastewater treatment apparatus further comprises a discharge pipe (15) for discharging the effluent connected to the bioelectrochemical reduction reaction tank (11). 청구항 제1항, 제3항 내지 제6항 및 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 고도 폐수처리 장치를 이용하며 미생물연료전지(20)의 생물전기화학적 산화반응조(2)로 유입된 폐수의 유기물이 생물전지 산화전극(3)에 부착되어 있는 미생물 촉매에 의해 산화되어 유기물을 제거하는 단계; 상기 유기물이 제거된 폐수를 관(4)을 통해 생물전기화학적 환원반응조(11)로 공급하여 폐수 내의 영양물질을 제거하는 단계; 및 상기 영양물질이 제거된 유출수를 배출하는 단계; 를 포함하는 폐수를 처리하는 방법.The organic matter of the wastewater introduced into the bioelectrochemical oxidation tank (2) of the microbial fuel cell (20) using the advanced wastewater treatment device according to any one of claims 1, 3 to 6 and 8. Oxidizing by a microbial catalyst attached to the biocell anode 3 to remove organic matter; Supplying the wastewater from which the organic matter is removed to a bioelectrochemical reduction reactor (11) through a pipe (4) to remove nutrients in the wastewater; And discharging the effluent from which the nutrient substance has been removed. How to treat wastewater comprising a. 제 9항에 있어서, 상기 영양물질은 인 또는 질소인 것을 특징으로 하는 폐수를 처리하는 방법.10. The method of claim 9, wherein the nutrient is phosphorus or nitrogen.
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