KR101255065B1 - Partially cooling apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a local cooling for spraying the refrigerant to the coupling portion to the mechanical component elements coupled to the interference fit with a specific clamp amount of the components of various industrial machines to facilitate the assembly by the interference fit An apparatus and method are provided. The local cooling device for cooling a part of a machining shaft according to the present invention includes a hollow cooling cylinder into which a part of the machining shaft is inserted, and a nozzle for injecting a refrigerant into the cooling cylinder.

Interference fit, refrigerant, cold shrink, shrink fit, long axis, local cooling

Description

Local Cooling Apparatus and Method {PARTIALLY COOLING APPARATUS AND METHOD}

1 is a perspective view of the local cooling apparatus according to the present invention as a whole.

2 is an exploded perspective view of a cooling tube and a bogie for supporting the same according to the present invention.

3 is a front view for explaining the operation of the local cooling device for long axis cold shrink according to the present invention.

4 is an exploded perspective view of a cooling tube and a bogie supporting the same as a modification of the embodiment according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: base 102: roller drive motor

103: motor 103c: chain coupling

105: rail 107: bogie

108: vertical adjustment plate 109: height adjustment screw

112: cooling chamber 113: side cover

113h: through hole 114: refrigerant distributor

115: air distributor 116: mixing piping

118: nozzle 122: wheel block

122c: chain coupling 122w: wheel

201: roller block 202: guide groove

203: roller 203s: rotation axis

205: chain coupling 207: workpiece shaft

304: refrigerant source 305: air source

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a local cooling device and method for mutual cooling between mechanical component elements, and more particularly to mechanical component elements coupled in an interference fit with a specific amount of clamping among components of various industrial machines. The present invention relates to a local cooling apparatus and method for smoothing assembly by spraying a coolant to a coupling part with respect to the cooling and forcing it to fit.

Normally, the parts assembled by interference fit must be expanded at least larger than a certain amount of clamping or shrinkage of the shaft diameter, so that they can be combined with each other. The work is done in two forms of seizure.

No matter what type of work method is used, the work results are the same, but the shrink fit method is widely used because of its ease and safety.

However, there are some parts that do not adopt the shrink fit method, especially the shrink fit as parts or large structures that are expected to deform or change in material when heated to a certain temperature in order to obtain a greater expansion amount than the clamp amount. Parts that take several hours to work, such as wire drums, are large, two or more, and hollow parts are more efficient than shrink fit.

Since the conventional technology for cold shrinkage uses liquefied nitrogen or dry ice, a refrigerant is contained in a container of a specific size, and a component is put into the refrigerant to shrink to a desired dimension so that mutual coupling with the assembly is performed. However, among the components that must be inevitably cold in nature due to their size, the parts which cannot be accommodated in the container, i.e., the long axis or the long axis and the part with two or more axial bleeds, are limited by the size of the refrigerant container, Since cooling is difficult, only the assembly part needs to be locally cooled. Depending on the situation, the refrigerant is sprayed or sprayed directly on the shaft surface.

In this method, since the refrigerant is in contact with the surface of the parts and explosive due to the temperature difference, there is a risk of operator's disaster due to the scattering of the refrigerant, and the cooling time of the shaft is very slow due to the slow cooling speed of the refrigerant injected into the atmosphere. . In addition, there is a disadvantage in that the maintenance cost due to the excessive use of the refrigerant is increased to not cool to the desired temperature.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a local cooling apparatus and method for long axis cold shrinking to facilitate local cooling of a long axis among mechanical parts assembled by interference fit. It is.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a local cooling apparatus and method for long-term cold shrinking, in which a refrigerant is injected into a sealed container to increase the cooling effect and to prevent the refrigerant from being scattered to the outside.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a local cooling device for cooling a portion of a work shaft, including a hollow cooling cylinder into which a portion of the work shaft is inserted, and a nozzle for injecting a coolant into the cooling cylinder. Include.

The workpiece shaft may further include a roller block seated thereon to support it. In this case, it is preferable that the roller block is provided with a roller on which the work shaft is seated, and includes a roller driving motor for rotating the roller to rotate the work shaft. In addition, the cooling cylinder and the roller block is preferably installed so that the height between them is adjusted.

The cooling cylinder has both open ends, and both ends of the cooling cylinder are preferably provided with side covers having a through hole having an inner diameter corresponding to an outer diameter of the workpiece shaft at a central portion thereof.

The cooling cylinder is preferably installed to be movable in a direction in which the pair is closer or farther from each other.

The refrigerant is preferably mixed with air of a predetermined pressure and injected into the cooling cylinder.

Further comprising a cooling cylinder extension portion connected to one end of the cooling cylinder, the nozzle is preferably further formed in the cooling cylinder extension.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of locally cooling a machining shaft, including supporting a portion of the machining shaft, inserting a portion of the machining shaft into a cooling cylinder, and inserting a refrigerant into the cooling cylinder. Spraying to cool the portion of the workpiece shaft.

The local cooling method preferably further comprises rotating the workpiece shaft.

Cooling the portion preferably includes determining a cooling time in consideration of the size and material of the workpiece shaft.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the long axis cold shrink local cooling apparatus according to the present invention.

1 is a perspective view showing a local cooling device according to the present invention as a whole, Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a cooling tube and a support for supporting the local cooling device according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a long axis cold shrink local part according to the present invention It is a front view for demonstrating operation | movement of a cooling apparatus.

1 and 2, a local cooling apparatus according to the present invention includes a base 100, a pair of parallel rails 105 fixed to the base 100, and an upper portion of the rail 105. And a pair of trolleys 107 movably installed therewith, each of the trolleys 107 being provided with a cooling cylinder 112 for local cooling of the workpiece shaft 207 (shown in FIG. 3). Is installed. In this case, the workpiece shaft 207 is installed long in the moving direction of the trolley 107, and both opposing ends of the workpiece shaft 207 are inserted into each of the cooling cylinders 112, for example.

A motor 103 is installed at one side of the trolley 107 to allow the trolley 107 to be transferred on the rail 105 by driving the motor 103. To this end, referring to FIG. 2, wheel blocks 122 are installed at each corner of the trolley 107. The wheel block 122 has a fixed plate 122p fixed to the trolley 107 by a plurality of bolts or screws 122s, a bearing 122b provided below the fixed plate 122p, and a rotating shaft. And a wheel 122w rotatably supported by the bearing 122b and seated on the rail 105. One side of the trolley | bogie 107 adjacent to any one of these wheel blocks 122 is fixedly provided with the motor mounting plate 104, and the motor 103 is installed on it. Pulleys or chain couplings 103c and 122c are installed on the rotating shaft of the motor 103 and the rotating shaft of the wheel block 122 adjacent thereto. A chain through hole is formed in the motor mounting plate 104, and a belt or a chain (not shown) is wound between the pulleys or the chain couplings 103c and 122c so that the rotational driving force of the motor 103 is reduced. It is transmitted to the wheel 122w of the wheel block 122 to move the cart 107.

In order to install the cooling cylinder 112, an upper and lower control plate 108 is installed on the upper portion of the trolley 107 having a substantially rectangular shape, the height of which can be adjusted up and down by the height adjusting screw 109. That is, at each of the four corners of the trolley 107, the front end of the height adjusting screw 109 is coupled, and a bearing 109b is installed to allow free rotation thereof and to limit the axial movement thereof. At the four corners, the stop of the height adjustment screw 109 is screwed. Therefore, the corners of each of the upper and lower adjustment plates 108 are elevated as each of the height adjustment screw 109 is rotated. This is for adjusting the center and the horizontal of the workpiece shaft 207 with respect to the roller block 201 to be described later in accordance with the outer diameter of the workpiece shaft 207. In this case, the height adjusting screw 109 may be driven by a feed motor (not shown), and the height of the upper and lower control plates 108 may be adjusted.

A pair of pedestals 110 for supporting the cooling cylinder 112 is fixed to the upper portion of each of the upper and lower control plates 108 by bolts 110b, and is fixed to an upper portion of the pair of pedestals 110. The clamp 111 is fixed, and the cooling cylinder 112 is fixedly installed by the fixing clamp 111.

In this way, on the base 100 between the cooling cylinders 112 provided on each of the pair of upper and lower control plates 108, a roller block 201 capable of supporting the intermediate portion of the workpiece shaft 207 is fixed by bolts or the like. Is installed. A pair of rollers 203 are rotatably installed in the roller block 201 in the same direction as the processing shaft 207 seated thereon. One of the rollers 203 has a rotating shaft 203s of the roller 203 projecting out of the roller block 201, and a pulley or chain coupling 205 is installed at one end of the rotating shaft 203s. do. An auxiliary base 101 is fixedly installed on the base 100 at a position adjacent to the roller block 201, and a roller driving motor 102 is installed on the auxiliary base 101. A pulley or chain coupling 102s is installed on the rotation shaft of the roller drive motor 102 so that the belt or chain 204 is wound between the pulley or chain coupling 205 of the roller 203. As the roller driving motor 102 installed as described above rotates, the roller 203 rotates, and the workpiece shaft 207 on which the intermediate portion is supported on the roller 203 rotates.

In this case, a pair of guide grooves 202 are formed on the base 100 in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece shaft 207, and the roller block 201 is formed on the workpiece shaft along the guide groove 202. It is movable in the longitudinal direction of 207 so that position adjustment is fixed. To this end, a pair of guide grooves are formed on the auxiliary base 101 so that the roller driving motor 102 is movable like the roller block 201 so that the position can be adjusted. The guide groove 202 may be formed of a guide rail. As such, the roller block 201 installed to be movable with respect to the guide groove 202 may be adjusted by a feed motor (not shown). At this time, of course, it is preferable that the feed motor for the movement of the roller drive motor 102 is also installed.

Meanwhile, one or more roller blocks 201 may be installed. In this embodiment, a pair of roller blocks 201 are installed, and one of the roller blocks 201 is provided with a pulley or a chain coupling ( 205 is preferably provided to rotate the workpiece shaft by the roller drive motor 102.

Each of the cooling cylinders 112 has a hollow cylindrical shape, in order to prevent a temperature loss of the refrigerant injected into the cooling cylinders 112, that is, to insulate the inner plate 122 and the outer plate 123 spaced apart from each other, It may be made of a heat insulating material 124 interposed between the inner plate 122 and the outer plate 123. Side covers 113 are fixed to both ends of each of the cooling cylinders 112 by a plurality of bolts 113b. A through hole 113h having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the coaxial shaft 207 is formed at the center of the side cover 113. At this time, it is preferable to install a suitable side cover 113 according to the outer diameter of the processing shaft 207 by having a plurality of side covers 113 having through holes 113h of different inner diameters.

The refrigerant used in the local cooling apparatus of the present invention uses liquefied nitrogen, which is a refrigerant injected into the processing shaft 207 is evaporated around the processing shaft 207, the processing shaft 207 and the side cover It is discharged to the outside through the gap between the through holes 113h of the 113. Therefore, it is not preferable that the refrigerant injected into the cooling cylinder 112 flows out through each of the corresponding ends of the cooling cylinder 112 and the side cover 113, so that the seal 120 resistant to low temperatures therebetween. It is preferable to interpose.

A coolant distributor 114 and an air distributor 115 for distributing and supplying a coolant and air of a predetermined pressure are disposed in each of the cooling cylinders 112. Inlets 114h and 115h are formed at upper ends of the refrigerant and air distributors 114 and 115, and are connected to external refrigerant and air sources 304 and 305 through pipes. Flow control valves (not shown) may be installed in the coolant and air sources 304 and 305 to control the flow rate of the coolant and the air flowing into the respective distributors. The flow control valve may be installed in the pipe. Under the refrigerant and air distributors 114 and 115, a nozzle 118 for injecting the refrigerant and air supplied from these distributors 114 and 115 into the cooling cylinder 112 has a Y ″ shaped mixing pipe 116. That is, the lower end of the refrigerant and the air distributors 114 and 115 is connected to the inlet of the upper branch which is divided into two of the mixing pipe 116, and the outlet of the lower end of the combined unit of the nozzle 118 The injection hole, which is the lower end of the nozzle 118, extends through the top wall of the cooling tube 112 and extends to the inside thereof.

At this time, the refrigerant and the air distributors 114 and 115 are formed extending in the longitudinal direction of the cooling cylinder 112, and thus the plurality of the mixing pipe 116 and the nozzle 118 is a plurality of the cooling cylinder 112 It is preferable to be spaced apart at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction.

The local cooling device for long-axis cold shrinking configured as described above is provided with a control unit (not shown), and various drive and transfer motors for driving and moving the cooling cylinder 112, the roller block 201, and the like, and a coolant and an air supply source. Flow control valves and the like of 304 and 305 can be automatically controlled and localized cooling apparatus according to the present invention.

Next, with reference to Figure 3 describes the operation of the long axis cold shrink local cooling apparatus according to the present invention.

First, data such as diameter, length, material, desired shrinkage amount, and the like of the workpiece shaft 207 to be cold worked are input to the control unit. The control unit sets and fixes the position of the roller block 201 and the roller driving motor 102 on the base 100 according to the length of the input machining shaft 207. Thereafter, the side cover on which the workpiece shaft 207 to be cooled is mounted on the roller 203 of the roller block 201 and the through hole 113h having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the workpiece shaft 207 is formed. (113) is installed in the cooling cylinder (112).

At this time, in the case of the positioning operation of the roller block 201 and the roller drive motor 102, because the work shaft 207 is not frequently changed unless the dimensions of the workpiece shaft 207 to be worked, the operation is performed manually by the operator Can be done. However, in this case, since the roller block 201 and the roller drive motor 102 must be adjusted individually, pulleys or chain couplings 102s and 205 installed on the rotation shafts of the roller drive motor 102 and the roller 203 are provided. The operation of connecting the belt or the chain 204 with the c) is performed after adjusting the position of the roller block 201 and the roller drive motor 102.

Thereafter, the control unit rotates the height adjusting screw 109 to lift the upper and lower control plates 108 according to the outer diameter of the workpiece shaft 207 input to the control unit, thereby raising the height of the cooling cylinder 112 installed thereon. By adjusting the, the through-hole 113h of the cooling cylinder 112, more specifically, the side cover 113 installed thereon coincides with the center of the processing shaft 207. Thereafter, the control unit rotates the motor 103 to move the bogie 107 closer to each other, thereby inserting both ends of the workpiece shaft 207 into each of the cooling cylinders 112. At this time, the stopper 106 is installed on the rail 105 to which the trolley 107 moves to limit the movement of the trolley 107.

When both ends of the workpiece shaft 207 are inserted into each of the cooling cylinders 112, the control unit opens the flow control valves installed in the refrigerant and air supply sources 304 and 305 to cool the refrigerant and the air. Spray in 112. That is, the refrigerant and the air supply sources 304 and 305 supply the refrigerant and the air to the refrigerant and the air distributors 114 and 115 through pipes, and the refrigerant and the air are mixed in the mixing pipe 116 and then the nozzle ( 118 is injected into the cooling cylinder 112. At this time, the air is supplied with a constant pressure so that the injected refrigerant causes vortex in the cooling cylinder 112 and at the same time to vaporize the refrigerant to smooth the cooling of the processing shaft 207.

At this time, if the workpiece shaft 207 does not rotate, the temperature of the cooled portion of the shaft is not uniform, so to prevent this, the control unit drives the roller driving motor 102 installed on the auxiliary base 101 to The workpiece shaft 207 is rotated.

The cooled temperature of the workpiece shaft 207 may be measured through a temperature measuring sensor (not shown). The measured temperature is transmitted to the control unit, and when the measured temperature reaches the desired temperature, the control unit stops the operation of the local cooling device.

Alternatively, the processing shaft 207 is desired based on a pre-calculated chart in consideration of the dimensions and materials of the processing shaft 207 input to the control unit and the temperature, flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant and air supplied. This can be found in the time it takes to reach the temperature. In other words, the local cooling apparatus according to the present invention takes into consideration the size and material of the input shaft 207 and the desired shrinkage of the shaft 207 in consideration of the temperature, flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant and air injected therein. The time taken to reach the corresponding temperature is calculated and the workpiece shaft 207 is cooled by that time. When the cooling to the desired temperature is completed as described above, the supply of the refrigerant and the air is stopped and the rotation of the workpiece shaft 207 is stopped. Thereafter, the motor 103 is rotated in reverse to move the cooling cylinder 112 away from each other so that both ends of the cooled workpiece shaft 207 exit from the cooling cylinder 112. The work shaft 207 in which both ends are cooled in this way is hoisted by a crane etc., and is assembled to the assembly in a next process.

Meanwhile, in the above-described embodiment, when the length of the portion to be cooled of the workpiece shaft 207 becomes long, the cooling cylinder 112 should have a corresponding length. To this end, Fig. 4 shows a variant of the above-described embodiment in which the length of the cooling can be adjusted by coupling the extension to the cooling can.

The cooling cylinder 412 shown in FIG. 4 is mounted on the pedestal 110 fixed to the upper and lower control plates 108 of the trolley 107 and fixed clamps similarly to the cooling cylinder 112 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It is fixed by 111. A screw portion 421 is formed at one end of the cooling cylinder 412, and one end of the cooling cylinder extension 412e having a hollow cylindrical shape is screwed to the screw portion 421. At this time, one of the side cover 413 is fixed to the other end of the cooling tube extension portion 412e by a plurality of bolts (413b).

On the other hand, in order to inject the refrigerant and the air in the cooling cylinder extension portion 412e, the refrigerant and the air distributor extension portion at one end of the refrigerant and air distributors 414 and 415 disposed on the upper portion of the cooling cylinder 412. 414e and 415e are connected. To this end, corresponding one end portions of the refrigerant and air distributors 414 and 415 and the refrigerant and air distributor extensions 414e and 415e are respectively formed and screwed. A Y " shaped mixing pipe installed between the refrigerant and air distributor extensions 414e and 415e and the cooling cylinder extension 412e between the refrigerant and air distributors 414 and 415 and the cooling cylinder 412 ( 416 and nozzle 418 are installed in the same manner.

Meanwhile, a plurality of refrigerant and air distributor extensions 414e and 415e and cooling cylinder extensions 412e having different lengths may be provided to adjust the length of the cooling cylinder 412. It is preferable to install an appropriate cooling cylinder extension 412e along its length.

Although described above with reference to the drawings and embodiments, those skilled in the art can be variously modified and changed within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention described in the claims below. I can understand.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the upper and lower control plates are installed in the trolley and configured to adjust the height of the cooling tube installed therein. Alternatively, the height of the roller block may be adjusted.

The local cooling apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration has a shorter time compared to shrinkage by cooling the assembly of the shaft to a desired temperature in a short time by an advanced cooling method by applying to an industrial fitting process. Moreover, when assembling the parts which cannot perform shrink fit into cold shrink, the local cooling apparatus of the present invention enables safe handling of explosive refrigerant. Therefore, the present invention has an effect of excellent practical value in the field of interference fitting of an industrial machine.

In particular, the local cooling device according to the present invention controls the local cooling of the processing shaft for cold shrinkage by controlling the driving and transport of the processing shaft and the supply of refrigerant and air injected therein according to the size and material of the processing shaft for shrinkage. It can be done automatically.

Claims (11)

A local cooling device for cooling a part of a work shaft, A hollow cooling tube into which a part of the workpiece shaft is inserted; A nozzle for injecting a refrigerant into the cooling cylinder; The cooling tube is a local cooling device, characterized in that the pair is installed to be movable in the direction of approaching or away from each other. The local cooling apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a roller block on which the work shaft is seated and supports it. The local cooling device according to claim 2, wherein the roller block is provided with a roller on which the workpiece shaft is mounted, and includes a roller driving motor for rotating the roller to rotate the workpiece shaft. The local cooling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cooling barrel and the roller block are installed to adjust a height therebetween. The cooling zone of claim 1, wherein the cooling cylinder has open ends, and both ends of the cooling cylinder have a side cover formed at a central portion thereof with a through hole having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the workpiece shaft. Device. delete The local cooling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the refrigerant is mixed with air of a predetermined pressure and injected into a cooling tube. 6. The local cooling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a cooling cylinder extension portion connected to one end of the cooling cylinder, and wherein the nozzle is further formed in the cooling cylinder extension portion. Setting and fixing the position of the roller block and the roller drive motor on which the workpiece shaft is supported; Supporting a portion of the workpiece shaft on the roller block; Inserting a portion of the workpiece shaft to be contracted into a cooling tube; Spraying a coolant into the cooling barrel to cool the portion of the workpiece shaft; Exposing the workpiece shaft from the cooling vessel; and And separating the workpiece shaft from the roller block. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising rotating the workpiece shaft. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the cooling of the portion comprises the step of determining the cooling time in consideration of the size and material of the workpiece shaft.

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