KR101231701B1 - Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel injection system according to the invention has a valve which is mounted at the inlet side upstream of an injector, the valve body of which valve can be adjusted by means of an adjustment device whose adjustment force is limited to a value which is lower than the force required to adjust the valve body in the opening direction when said valve body, in the closed position of the valve, is subjected to differential-pressure-dependent loading as a result of a fault.

Description

Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines {FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE}

The present invention relates to a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

A fuel injection system of the type described above is known from DE 195 48 610 A1. In the case of the system, an additional 2 / 2-controlled by external energy, acting according to the pressure differential and acting as a shutoff valve, which acts as a mass limiting valve, which limits the volume flow supplied to the fuel injection injector arranged behind. Path valves are provided. The regulating device assigned to the valve operates in a magnetic manner, and the valve body of the valve can be loaded in the direction of the open position through the restoring force formed by the variable electromagnetic field. Thereby, a valve operating manner in which the valve is to be controlled in accordance with the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, in particular in accordance with the individually permitted maximum injection volume of the fuel injection injector arranged behind the valve, must be possible. Such a shape requires a high level of control complexity and causes a high adjustment force depending on the pressure difference.

The object of the present invention is to improve the injection system of the type mentioned in the introduction, so that the energy consumption is reduced overall by the structural shape, so that not only the control complexity of the regulating device but also the energy demand can be reduced.

In the solution according to the invention, in which the fuel injection injector and the valve disposed in front of the fuel injection injector are configured to be energized and open at the same time period, the upper limit of the valve energy demand is continuous in the event that the operation of the system is practically uninterrupted. It was limited to the value necessary to overcome the power difference formed in the individual steps between the injection process consisting of. If the fuel injection injector operates in a leak free state or at least in a leak free state, only a slight pressure difference appears, and the adjustment force from the pressure difference to the resulting opening direction is also very small. A larger pressure differential indicates the fact that an unacceptable leak occurs or that an incidental failure occurs in the area deformed from the valve to the subsequent injector, and the powers corresponding to such pressure differentials are the solution according to the invention. Esau cannot be intentionally overcome, so that eventually no corresponding adjustments can be provided.

In addition, in the solution according to the invention, the overflow phenomenon occurring in the valve body of the valve, which is preferably placed in front of the fuel injection injector on the supply side, also does not need to be substantially adjusted, thereby avoiding the amount adjustment process in the above manner. The resulting adjustments also need not be overcome, and the corresponding amount of control loss can also be avoided when fueling the fuel injection injector, which reduces the overall energy demand.

In addition, for operation-safe operation, the adjustment of the regulating device must also be above the closing force corresponding to the pressure difference acting on the valve body when the operation of the fuel injection injector is performed without disturbance and when the fuel injection injector is controlled. Since they must be above a relatively small safety threshold, no high level of safety measures are required to design the regulating device, so that structurally simple and light regulating devices, in particular magnetic regulating devices, can be used.

The application of the theory according to the invention is not limited to a valve which can cause an overflow phenomenon in the adjustment direction of the valve body of a valve disposed in front of the fuel injection injector on the supply side, but rather causes a overflow phenomenon transverse to the adjustment direction. By having a valve body, the guide of the valve body can also be implemented in connection with a valve that is loaded with a pressure differential, in which case a frictional force that impedes each adjustment action from a load that depends on the pressure differential As a result, the friction force can be taken into account in designing the regulating device.

The valve according to the invention, which is arranged in front of the fuel injection injector at the supply side, may also be used in conjunction with a fuel injection injector operating within a framework of the invention and with a relatively larger leak due to structural conditions. The valve may likewise operate with either a positive or non-positive overflow phenomenon of the valve body, but structurally preferably with regard to a solution formed taking into account an especially non-positive or substantially non-quantitative overflow phenomenon. It has proven to be desirable to provide a reservoir unit inside the bypass to the valve which is compressive stressed against the operating pressure and compensates for each leakage volume within the allowable leakage range.

According to the invention, a structure provided such that the valve piston is movable in the housing-side receiving space and adjustable in pressure in a sealed state with respect to the elastic force is suitable for such a reservoir unit, so that the piston eventually reduces the leak volume. Can be moved to compensate.

The discharge-side bypass connection between the valve and the storage volume can be realized to proceed above the storage volume, thereby providing a structure of the reservoir unit having a structure with a valve piston that is guided movably in the receiving space and limits the storage volume. In the case of a sealed guided valve piston can also be used to shut off the storage volume against the outlet side connection to the injector, so that in the event of a malfunction of the injector the fuel flows uncontrolled through the injector. In this case, the blocking function may also be detected through the storage unit.

Within the framework of the present invention, it may also be desirable to place the mass limiting valve again in front of the valve disposed in front of the fuel injection injector on the supply side, which mass control valve may cause overflow phenomenon. It is formed as a mass limiting valve, the function of which is that the fuel is supplied unregulated to the combustion chamber of the cylinder which is individually fueled by damage to the injector, for example by breaking the nozzle cap of the injector. In case the valve is damaged and / or when the valve is damaged, in particular when the valve is stalled in the open position.

Further details and features of the invention appear in the claims. The invention is also described in detail below with reference to examples.

1 is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine with a fuel injection system,

2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing in a preferred embodiment according to the invention the valve according to the invention arranged inside the line connection of the high pressure source to the fuel injection injector of the fuel injection system, causing an overflow phenomenon in the adjusting direction; And

3 is a further schematic view in which a mass limiting valve is arranged in front of the inlet side of the valve, which is a component of one valve arrangement, which may cause overflow;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 of one valve arrangement disposed inside the bypass for a nonlimiting mass limiting valve provided with a mass limiting valve in front of the inlet side which may cause overflow; ,

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a further structural shape of a valve that can be used within the framework of the present invention, in which the overflow phenomenon occurs transversely with respect to the adjustment direction in the valve.

1 shows a fuel injection system 2 for an internal combustion engine 1 operating as a diesel engine. As shown for the one cylinder of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine 1 in the figure, the fuel is passed through one injection chamber 12 through the injection nozzle 12 of the fuel injection injector 7 which is connected to the fuel supply line 11. 3) a low pressure fuel pump 9 and then a high pressure fuel pump 5 as the high pressure source, starting from the fuel tank 10 and then inside the fuel supply line, and then the high pressure reservoir (6) is arrange | positioned. Starting from the high pressure reservoir 6, fuel is supplied in a branched manner to a fuel injection injector 7 assigned to an individual cylinder, in which case one valve device 8 is arranged in front of each injector 7. have. The control of the injector 7 takes place via the control and regulation unit 4 as schematically indicated.

The valve arrangement 8, which is only schematically indicated in FIG. 1, is formed of a valve 14 which is controlled by external energy according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or in such a manner. A valve 14. In Fig. 2 one preferred embodiment according to the invention of the valve 14 is shown, the inflow direction of the valve being indicated by an arrow 31.

The valve 14 has a valve body 23 as an adjustable shutoff member and is disposed between the supply side section 15 and the discharge side section 16 of the fuel supply line 11 and on the fuel supply line. Connected end sections 27, 28, which are connected in a sealing manner to each other via an axial fixed connection 29, in which case the fixed connection 29 is a hat-shaped fixing sleeve 36. 37, which are formed as housing halves, which overlap on the radial projections of the end sections 27, 28.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the discharge side end section 28 assigned to the section 16 is formed as a receiving portion for the valve body 23 and has a corresponding bore 30, which bore has a diameter. Viewed on top, it is enlarged relative to the cross section of the section 16 of the fuel supply line 11. The valve body 23 guided inside the bore 30 ends on the support surface 32 in the region where the bore 30 is transformed into a section 16 by means of a valve cone 33. The valve cone 33 is connected to the shaft portion of the valve body 23, which shaft is formed as a hollow shaft to form the magnetic inductor 34 of the magnetic regulator 26. The magnetic regulator 26 comprises a magnetic coil 35, which is disposed inside the radial recess of the fixing sleeve 37, surrounding the end section 28, and the fixing sleeve 36. Disposed within an axial extension of the helical neck of which the helical neck is superimposed by a collar provided to end in the fixing sleeve 37 and screwed against the collar.

Region 45 of the valve cone 33 and end section 28 in the region 45 that houses the magnetic inductor 34 as a shaft portion within the housing bore 30, ie the region surrounding the magnetic coil 35. Is made of a nonmagnetic material as shown by the broken line.

In the region of the magnetic inductor 34 formed of the hollow shaft, perfusion occurs in the center of the valve body 23, in the region of the valve cone 33, overflow occurs in the circumferential surface, and each free permeation cross section is formed in the valve body 23. In the open position corresponds to the substantial perfusion cross section of the sections 15, 16, resulting in at least overall uncontrolled perfusion or overflow in the open position of the valve body 23. In some cases, as shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment force is reduced in the closing position of the valve body 23. Such adjustment in the closing direction is alternatively and / or complementary, preferably arranged in the extension of the hollow shaft forming the magnetic inductor 34 in the case of a supporting action against the end section 27. It may also be provided through a support spring 46. At least overall, uncontrolled perfusion or overflow is desirable because the valve 14 opens during the injection process to lower the injection pressure by volume control. Therefore, it is unique that the elastic force is provided to the valve body 23.

The magnetic regulator 26 is part of a regulating device, denoted by reference numeral 25 as a whole, in particular of a fuel injection injector 7 in which a valve device 8, in particular a valve 14 according to the invention, is placed. Fuel is supplied via the line connection 38 at the injection time, which is roughly applied to the injector 7 and the magnetic regulator 26 via the control and regulation unit 4 as shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1. This can be accomplished in a simple manner by being fueled at the same time. Thereby, fuel supply to the injector 7 is started through the valve 14 at the injection time, and fuel is made in the direction of the fuel injection injector 7 through the valve cone 33 with the end of the individual injection operation. Perfusion is also blocked.

If the fuel injection injector 7 operates in a leak-free or almost leak-free state, that is to say that the fuel injection injector 7 exhibits a trouble-free operation characteristic corresponding to its individual structural shape, successive injection processes Substantially no pressure drop is seen in the outlet side section 16 of the fuel supply line 11 in the respective operating stages lying in between. Thus, between the supply side line section 15 and the discharge side line section 16, the valve (by means of the adjustment of the valve body 23 through the magnetic regulator 26 having a control force designed for an unobstructed operation) There is no pressure difference which prevents the opening of 14). In a step between successive injection processes, if a pressure drop occurs within the section 16 of the line connection 11, on the fuel injection injector 7 or in the supply to the fuel injection injector 7, The pressure difference is increased, and with it, a higher power capable of applying a load for moving the valve body 23 in the closing direction is shown. Considering the power of the support spring 46, if the closing force is greater than the adjustment force acting in the opening direction of the valve 14, which is to be provided through the magnetic regulator 26, the valve 14 is no longer a magnetic regulator ( Damage to the internal combustion engine, which cannot be opened through 26, and the fuel injection injector with valve 14 is separated from the fuel supply, resulting in the fuel being supplied to the cylinder uncontrolled by leakage, and Uncontrolled combustion processes caused by such conditions are also avoided.

In the case where the valve 14 has an error function, for example, the valve is stuck in an open position due to a clogging phenomenon, or the cap of the nozzle is broken at the injection nozzle 12 side, the amount of adjustment of the injection bore is not performed. If not, it can also be the cause of undesirable combustion processes caused by errors. Such errors can cause excess fuel to flow into the combustion chamber. In order to safely protect the above described type of injection system against such errors, FIG. 3 shows a mass limiting valve 50 installed in front of the valve 14 as part of the valve arrangement. The mass limiting valve has a housing 51 and a receiving space 52, in which case the supply side line portion is denoted by reference numeral 54 and the discharge side line portion is denoted by reference numeral 55. It is. A valve piston 53 is disposed inside the receiving space 52 between the line portions, and the valve piston is supported in the opposite direction of the supply direction (arrow 31) through the spring 56 and is supported by the elastic force. It can move from its supply side stop position against the discharge side stop position. The stroke distance associated with it is marked with H.

In the supply side stop position shown in FIG. 3, the stroke volume corresponding to the stroke distance H is limited through the valve piston 53, which stroke volume is at least the same, but preferably the fuel injection injector 7. Is greater than the maximum injection volume.

When the valve 14 is assumed to be open, the valve piston 53 is moved by the stroke distance against the power of the spring 56 due to the pressure provided on the supply side, and the stroke volume corresponding to the injection volume. Is corrected for the stroke distance. If the discharge volume exceeds the maximum allowable injection volume by the error tolerance value, the valve piston 53 moves to the stop position.

If the injection volume is within a predetermined operating limit, the valve pistons 53 will each pass only a partial region of their maximum stroke H, in which case the injection of the fuel injection injector 7 connected afterwards. The stroke volume displaced during the interval, ie the stroke volume displaced when the fuel supply to the combustion chamber 3 is interrupted, is compensated by the valve piston 53 being guided in the receiving portion 52 "without sealing". do. Such an unsealed guide can be achieved by correspondingly setting the magnitude of the play present between the valve piston 53 and the receptacle 52, or by means of a positively controlled flow path provided in other ways. Can be achieved. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the valve piston 53 is guided in a sealed manner through the annular collar 75 in the receiving portion 52, and the annular collar 57 is provided with a positively regulated flow path 58. Is assigned.

If a mass limiting valve of this type is configured in series with the valve 14, in which the overflow path 58 is configured to form a reverse movement bypass, wherein the valve 14 and the mass limiting valve 15 are connected to one valve arrangement. (8)-can provide a simple structure and a responsive safety measure for a fuel injection injector (7) in which no leakage occurs or relatively small leakage occurs in the stage where no injection is made. The solution is derived. In other words, the overflow path 58, i.e., the reverse movement bypass, guides the valve member "unsealed" within a narrow tolerance range, and phenomena such as excessive leakage, respectively, complement the injection volume. By flowing the volume, as a result, the valve piston 53 eventually stops when only the injection volume is filled again. The same applies to the case where an unacceptably large amount of fuel flows out through the connection between the mass limiting valve 50 and the fuel injection injector 7 for other reasons.

In the absence of impaired operating characteristics, if the fuel injection injector 7 is formed such that only a small spillage loss or leak occurs when no injection is made, the leakage may not be acceptable as well as the leak in the basic arrangement according to FIG. 3. Other high types of outflow losses can also be detected through the valve arrangement 8 for fuel injection injectors consisting solely of the valve 14 and the mass limiting valve 50, while at the same time fuel injection through the valve arrangement 8. While the fuel supply process to the injector can be interrupted, the embodiment according to FIG. 4 relates to an injector 7 which is structurally designed such that a relatively larger leak occurs when no injection is made. For this purpose, in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 a compressive stressed storage- or shock absorbing volume is provided inside the parallel circuit, ie inside the bypass to the valve 14, to complement the embodiment according to FIG. 3. The storage- or cushioning volume is provided structurally similar to the mass limiting valve 50, but unlike the valve, the valve piston 63 is guided in a sealed manner inside the receiving space 62 of the housing 61. It is integrated in the reservoir unit 60 provided. The piston is also arranged along the axis between the supply portion 64 and the discharge portion 65, in which case the supply side is connected to the supply side connection 15 of the valve 14, and the discharge side is the discharge side of the valve 14. It is connected to the connecting portion 16. The valve piston 63 can again be moved to its supply side stop position by a load through the spring 63 and according to the pressure difference between the supply side and the discharge side against the power of the spring 66 You can move to the stop position. The stroke volume blocked through the valve piston 63 is only connected to the outlet side connection 16 of the valve or of the fuel supply line 11 disposed between the valve 14 and the fuel injection injector 7. It is only connected to the section.

If the valve 14 is closed, the injector side leak will cause a pressure drop at the outlet side unless the injector side leak is compensated for by the volume of fuel stored in the storage member 60 and under pressure action. Possible outflow losses will occur. If such outflow losses appearing at each stage where no injection occurs, the outflow losses can no longer be compensated through the volume of the reservoir unit 60. Correspondingly, a pressure difference appears between the supply side and the discharge side of the valve 14 to keep the valve closed. If the losses remain within the allowable limits, the storage volumes are each refilled in the spraying step.

Complementarily, in FIG. 4, similar to FIG. 3, a mass limiting valve 50 is arranged in front of the valve 14 on the inlet side, the mass limiting valve of which the structure of the mass limiting valve according to FIG. Corresponds to the structure and function. Reference is made to the foregoing embodiments in this regard.

The storage volume is limited, subject to compressive stress according to the system pressure, and structurally the reservoir unit 60 formed in the manner of a mass limiting valve is arranged separately in parallel connection to the valve 14 and the mass limiting valve By placing 50 in front of the valve 14, leakage and / or other outflow losses can be detected separately and in combination in a manner adapted to the respective sensitivity, in which case of the reservoir unit 60 The supply side connection 64 does not have to pass through the mass limit valve 50-although this shape is preferred.

Although the solution according to the present invention is a preferred solution within the framework of the present invention and the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is particularly preferred with regard to the finer response, the solution according to the invention is configured such that an overflow phenomenon occurs in the adjusting direction. In order to clearly explain the fact that it is not related to the valve 14 of the method according to FIG. 2, FIG. 5 shows the valve 14 through the structural shape of the sliding valve 70 in which the overflow phenomenon can occur transversely to the adjusting direction. Here is one solution. The slide in which the overflow phenomenon can occur transversely with respect to the adjustment direction is indicated by the reference numeral 71, which is again indicated by the arrow 31. In the figure the slide 71 is in the blocking position, and the adjusting device 72 is again shown as a magnetic adjusting device. The slide 71 has an overflow opening 73 shown in broken lines.

The illustrated situation corresponds to the closed position, and if there is a pressure difference between the inflow side and the outflow side, power is provided to the slide 71 transversely with respect to the adjustment direction of the slide 71, whereby the slide 71 In order to achieve the frictional force corresponding to the lateral force supporting the slide housing 74. The bearing force between the slide 71 and the housing 74 caused by such a pressure difference is indicated by the arrow 71 as the lateral force with respect to the adjustment direction of the slide.

For example, when the leakage is excessive, when the injector is stuck in the injection position, and the like, the friction force that prevents the movement of the slide 71 along with a considerably large bearing force corresponding to the magnitude of the pressure difference from the pressure difference described above In some cases, a quite large adjustment force corresponding to the frictional force may be required.

As already described above, according to the present invention, the provision of the corresponding adjustment force can be limited, so that the demand for the corresponding adjustment force necessary to move the slide 71 cannot be met when the pressure difference is correspondingly high. As a result, when the pressure difference exceeds the corresponding limit value, the slide 71 is kept in the shut off position, so that the slide cannot be moved to the open position even though a corresponding operation is made through the adjusting device 72, In this case, the consideration with respect to the adjustment force requirement is that, in some cases, the force of the spring 46 acting in the direction of the closed position can also be overcome.

Since the process of fueling the regulating device 72 provided for the purpose of adjustment takes place at the time of fueling the injector-the opening of the injector for injection and the opening of the valve 14 at the same time, The adjusting device 72 is used to move the valve in the direction of the closed position in the same way as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2, as an alternative and / or as a complement to the embodiment according to FIG. 2, without additional control costs.

Claims (19)

A fuel injection injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and a valve disposed inside a fuel supply line extending from a high pressure source to the fuel injection injector, the valve being controlled through an adjustment device at an injection time of the injector. Moved to an open position, the valve body of the valve takes a closed position in the event of a pressure drop due to a failure on the outlet side of the valve, and between the supply side and the outlet side of the valve in the closed position In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, the valve is configured to be loaded by a power corresponding to the pressure difference, The adjusting force of the regulating device 25 which moves the valve body 23 in the opening direction opens the valve body when a load is applied to the valve body according to a pressure difference due to a failure in the closed position of the valve 14. Characterized in that it is limited to a value smaller than the power required to move in the direction, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The regulating force of the regulating device 25 is such that the valve body 23 of the valve 14 when the fuel injection injector 7 operates without a disturbance and when the operation of the fuel injection injector 7 is regulated. Characterized in that greater than the control force corresponding to the pressure difference acting on the safety threshold, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The valve body 23 is characterized in that the spring load in the direction of the closed position, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The valve body 23 of the valve 14 is characterized in that it is loaded in the direction of the closed position by the power caused by the flow in the open position, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, When the valve body 23 of the valve 14 is in the open position, it is characterized in that the flow or overflow phenomenon occurs in a state in which the overall amount is adjusted, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The valve body 23 in the open position is characterized in that it can move in the direction of its closed position through the adjusting force of the regulating device 25, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The regulating device 25 for the valve 14 is characterized in that it is formed as an electrically operated regulating device, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 7, wherein The regulating device 25 for the valve 14 is characterized in that it is formed as a magnetic regulating device, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. 9. The method of claim 8, The valve body 23 guided inside the housing bore 30 has a longitudinal region formed as a magnetic inductor 34, the longitudinal region being in a region deformed by a magnetic coil 35 surrounding the housing side, The housing is made of a nonmagnetic material in the region between the magnetic coil 35 and the magnetic inductor 34, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 9, The housing bore 30 ends at the support surface 32 when viewed in the perfusion direction, The magnetic inductor 34 is characterized in that it has a valve cone 33 made of nonmagnetic material, assigned to the support surface 32, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 9, Characterized in that the magnetic inductor 34 is formed as a hollow shaft, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 10 or 11, In the case of the magnetic inductor 34, the perfusion is made at the center, and in the case of the valve cone 33, the overflow is made at the outer side, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, The injector 7 and the regulating device 25 of the valve 14 in the fuel supply line 7 extending to the fuel injection injector 7 are supplied with fuel at the same time and open when there is no obstacle to operation. Characterized in that Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, If the fuel injection injector 7 is designed in such a way that no structural leakage occurs or only a small amount of leakage occurs, overflow occurs in a controlled state in front of the valve 14 disposed in front of the fuel injection injector at the supply side. Characteristic characterized in that the mass limit valve 50 is arranged, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. The method of claim 1, When the fuel injection injector 7 is structurally designed, the reservoir unit 60 is provided in the case where it is designed in such a way that a leak occurs inside the bypass extending from the supply side to the valve 14 disposed in front of the injector 7. Is provided, the storage volume of the reservoir unit is opened toward the discharge side of the valve 14 and that pressure is provided to the supply side of the valve 14 through a connection of the reservoir unit 60. Characterized by Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. 16. The method of claim 15, The reservoir unit 16 is characterized in that it has a receiving space for the valve piston 63 which limits the storage volume to be able to move towards the supply side, which is guided in a sealed manner, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. 17. The method of claim 16, Characterized in that the valve piston (63) is spring loaded in the direction of the supply side connecting portion (64), and is movable by pressure in the direction of the opposite stop position, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, The storage volume 60 added for safety is characterized in that it corresponds to the maximum injection volume of the fuel injection injector 7, Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. 16. The method of claim 15, On the supply side of the valve 14, in front of the valve and in front of the bypass branch branching to the reservoir device 60, a mass limiting valve 50 is provided which can cause an overflow phenomenon in a positively regulated state. Characterized by Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines.

Images