KR101192453B1 - Flame retardant composition soluble in water - Google Patents
Flame retardant composition soluble in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101192453B1 KR101192453B1 KR1020100109003A KR20100109003A KR101192453B1 KR 101192453 B1 KR101192453 B1 KR 101192453B1 KR 1020100109003 A KR1020100109003 A KR 1020100109003A KR 20100109003 A KR20100109003 A KR 20100109003A KR 101192453 B1 KR101192453 B1 KR 101192453B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- flame retardant
- water
- weight
- retardant composition
- phosphate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/5205—Salts of P-acids with N-bases
Abstract
The present invention relates to a water-soluble flame retardant composition for improving the flame retardancy by applying to the surface of the substrate to reduce the damage in the event of fire.
Such a water-soluble flame retardant composition of the present invention, 49.6 to 89.19% by weight of water, 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of guanidine phosphate, 8.0 to 16.0% by weight of ammonium phosphate dibasic, and ammonium chloride 1.0 ~ 2.0% by weight, 0.4-2.4% by weight of monochloroacetic acid, 0.1-2.0% by weight of guanidine carbonate, 0.01-3.0% by weight of ethylenediamine, disodium octa 1 to 5% by weight of borate tetrahydrate (Disodium Octaborate tetrahydrate), and 0.1 to 15% by weight of 25% guanidine phosphate.
Description
The present invention relates to a water-soluble flame retardant composition which is flame-retardant to the surface of the substrate of the combustible material in order to improve the flame retardancy so that the combustible materials such as wood, wallpaper, curtains and the like do not burn easily during a fire.
Combustible materials such as wood, wallpaper, curtains, and the like are easily burned in the event of a fire, thereby increasing the risk of fire.
In order to prevent the combustion of such combustible materials, a flame retardant material is developed to prevent (burn) the surface of the combustible material by suppressing and preventing combustion, and flame retardant treatment of the combustible material using the flame retardant material prevents the combustion of fire easily. have.
Flame-retardant material for such a flame retardant is provided in various ways, such as Patent Documents 1 to 3.
In the flame retardant treatment method using the water-soluble flame retardant composition, Patent No. 10-0865176, Patent Document No. 10-0865176, and a flame retardant composition prepared by the method, the aqueous magnesium magnesium phosphate solution, bentonite, soybean oil, baking powder, emulsifier It provides a flame retardant treatment method using a flame retardant composition prepared by the titanium magnesium ammonium phosphate-bentonite-based flame retardant composition, a preparation method, and the method comprising a base containing oleic acid, dimethylamine, and magnesium ammonium phosphate aqueous solution, The titanium magnesium phosphate ammonium-bentonite-based flame retardant composition is a flame retardant synergistic effect by the phosphorus and nitrogen, magnesium hydroxide, titanium, bentonite, baking powder, etc. and can be flame-retardant treatment of various types of building materials as a single chemical, economical, heat-resistant, water-resistant , Low toxicity, fireproof And an eco-friendly flame retardant that does not cause environmental pollution, its excellent performance, discloses that it is harmless to the human body.
In the flame-retardant treatment method using the water-soluble flame retardant composition, Patent No. 10-0893948, Patent No. 10-0893948, flame retardant composition prepared by the method and the production method, the flame retardant composition is 85 to 99% by weight aqueous solution of magnesium ammonium phosphate, silane Water-soluble flame retardant composition consisting of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of the adhesive, 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of boric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of borax, and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of ammonium phosphate, a method for preparing the same and a flame retardant composition prepared by the method A flame retardant treatment method is provided, and the water-soluble flame retardant composition is excellent in flame retardancy, water resistance, heat resistance and abrasion resistance due to phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, zinc, borax, and boric acid, as well as excellent antiseptic and insect repellent effects. It does not cause environmental pollution, is harmless to the human body, and also, using a single flame retardant composition, wood, wood veneer MDF, It is economical because it can be flame-retardant to various kinds of building materials such as veneer urethane coated MDF or PVC film with PVC film, and it can reduce the generation of smoke and toxic gas and prevent the spread of combustion, which can reduce the damage of life and property. The import substitution effect is expected to be large.
Flame-retardant compositions that do not contain halogen, Patent No. 10-2009-006054 of Patent Document 3, thermoplastic compositions comprising the same, and methods for producing such compositions, do not contain halogen or substantially contain halogen. And flame retardant compositions and flame retardant thermoplastic compositions containing the same are provided. In particular, it is free of halogen or substantially free of halogen, and (i) at least one high charring polymer; (ii) at least one low volatility phosphate ester; And (iii) a blend of at least one compound that splits off high volatile phosphorus-containing fragments. It also provides a technique for thermoplastic flame retardant compositions comprising the above flame retardant compositions blended with at least one thermoplastic resin, preferably polystyrene resin.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-soluble flame retardant composition for flame retardant treatment of a combustible material for preventing or delaying combustion by forming a carbon film upon combustion of a substrate made of combustible materials during a fire.
That is, the water-soluble flame retardant composition, which is coated on the surface of the substrate made of a combustible material and is burned (carbonized) first, before the substrate is burned during combustion, forms a carbon film to suppress the development of combustion (carbonization), It is intended to provide a water soluble flame retardant composition comprising 25% guanidine phosphate system to delay.
The water-soluble flame retardant composition of the present invention for achieving the above object is composed of 11.61 to 45.4% by weight of flame retardant, 0.1 to 15% by weight of 25% guanidine phosphate, and the remaining solvent, the solvent is water, ethyl alcohol, iso A mixture of one or two or more selected from propyl alcohol and n-methylpyrrolidone is used.
The flame retardant guanidine phosphate (Guanidine phosphate), ammonium phosphate (Ammonium phosphate dibasic), monochloroacetic acid (Monochloroacetic acid), guanidine carbonate (Guanidine carbonate), ethylene diamine (Ethylenediamine), disodinium octaborate tetrahydrate tetrahydrate).
That is, the water-soluble flame retardant composition, 49.6 to 89.19 weight% of water; 0.2 to 5.0 weight percent of guanidine phosphate; 8.0-16.0 weight percent of ammonium phosphate dibasic; 1.0-2.0 wt% of ammonium chloride; 0.4 to 2.4 wt% monochloroacetic acid; 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of guanidine carbonate; 0.01 to 3.0% by weight of ethylene diamine; 1 to 5% by weight of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate; It consists of 0.1-15% by weight of 25% guanidine phosphate.
The 25% guanidine phosphate system is one of polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polypropylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polybutylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polypentanediamine-guanidine phosphate, polyhexamethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, or The mixture which selected and mixed 2 or more types is used.
The water-soluble flame retardant composition made as described above may be applied to the surface of the flammable material by spraying to perform flame retardant treatment or to immerse the flammable material to perform flame retardant treatment, and used as a flame retardant (coating) treatment on the surface of the flammable material. In water-soluble flame retardant compositions comprising guanidine phosphate-based, the coating layer burns before combustion of the substrate before combustion to form a carbon film to suppress the development of combustion.
In addition, the water-soluble flame retardant composition is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that is excellent in heat, water, low toxicity, and fire resistance, does not cause environmental pollution, and is simple to manufacture, and is applied to the surface of the combustible material by spraying or brushing. Coating) or by immersing the combustible material in the water-soluble flame retardant composition so that the water-soluble flame retardant composition is impregnated in the combustible material, and flame retardant to various substrates is possible and has a simple advantage. As a result, it is possible to lower the unit cost of the water-soluble flame retardant composition, lower the flame retardant treatment cost, and flame retardant treatment on various substrates.
As described above, it is possible to lower the unit cost and flame retardant treatment cost of the water-soluble flame retardant composition, so that anyone can easily flame retardant for fire prevention, and is expected to be protected from fire.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concepts of the terms appropriately It should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined.
Therefore, the configuration of the embodiments described herein is only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be
In the water-soluble flame retardant composition of the present invention, a flame retardant is applied by coating (coating) with a sprayer or a brush on the surface of an object made of a combustible material such as paper, wood, fiber, or the like.
This water-soluble flame retardant composition is composed of a flame retardant, a mixture of 25% guanidine phosphate and a solvent, the composition ratio of 11.61 to 45.4% by weight of flame retardant, 0.1 to 15% by weight of 25% guanidine phosphate and the remaining solvent.
The solvent may be water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or one of n-methylpyrrolidone, or a mixture of two or more selected may be used.
The flame retardant guanidine phosphate (Guanidine phosphate), ammonium phosphate (Ammonium phosphate dibasic), monochloroacetic acid (Monochloroacetic acid), guanidine carbonate (Guanidine carbonate), ethylene diamine (Ethylenediamine), disodinium octaborate tetrahydrate or a mixture of tetrahydrate, or guanidine phosphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium chloride, monochloroacetic acid, guanidine carbonate, ethylene diamine Ethylenediamine) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
The disodinium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) penetrates into the interior of the substrate and remains in a bonded state with the substrate, thereby forming a heat insulation layer in the interior of the substrate during a fire, thereby exhibiting a flame retardant effect.
The 25% guanidine phosphate-based water-soluble flame retardant composition which forms a flame retardant layer formed on the surface of the combustible material during combustion is burned (carbonized) by burning (carbonizing) before the substrate burns (burns) in case of a fire. Polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate (polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate), polypropylenediamine-guanidine phosphate (polypropylenediamine-guanidine phosphate), polybutylenediamine-guanidine phosphate poly (buthylenediamine-guanidine phosphate) Pentanediamine-guanidine phosphate poly (pentanediamine-guanidine phosphate), polyhexamethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate poly (hexamethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate) may be selected and used, or two or more selected mixtures may be used.
The water-soluble flame retardant composition made as described above is coated on the substrate of the combustible material so that the coating material is first burned (carbonized) to form a carbon coating before the substrate is burned (burned) at the time of fire to suppress the development of combustion (flame).
An example of the synthesis of polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate in this 25% guanidine phosphate system
1 mol of ethylenediamine and 1 mol of guanidine phosphate were heated to 150 ° C. for 9 hours to obtain polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate poly (ethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate). Distilled water (H 2 O)) is added to obtain 25% polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate poly (ethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate).
When the composition ratio of the said water-soluble flame retardant composition is shown in a table | surface,
room
salt
My
(Disodium Octaborate tetrahydrate)
Hereinafter, the water-soluble flame retardant composition of the present invention will be described through Examples.
To prepare a water-soluble flame retardant composition consisting of Examples 1 to 3 as shown in Table 2.
(Disodium Octaborate tetrahydrate)
To prepare a water-soluble flame retardant composition in the same ratio as in Examples 1 to 3. The prepared water-soluble flame retardant composition was flameproofed by impregnating the flammable material base of wallpaper, cloth, and wood, and tested using the flame retardant standard KOFEIS 0201 carried out by Korea Fire Protection Corporation. The results are shown in Tables 3 to Table below. Same as 5.
When each of the substrates (wall paper, cloth, wood) is flame retardant with the water-soluble flame retardant composition of the present invention it can be seen that the flame retardancy meets the standards of Korea Fire Protection Corporation.
Claims (5)
The flame retardant composition,
49.6-89.19 weight% of water;
0.2 to 5.0 weight percent of guanidine phosphate;
8.0-16.0 weight percent of ammonium phosphate dibasic;
1.0-2.0 wt% of ammonium chloride;
0.4 to 2.4 wt% monochloroacetic acid;
0.1 to 2.0 wt% of guanidine carbonate;
0.01 to 3.0% by weight of ethylene diamine;
1 to 5% by weight of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate;
A water-soluble flame retardant composition comprising 25% guanidine phosphate 0.1-15% by weight.
The 25% guanidine phosphate system,
1, 2 or more selected from polyethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polypropylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polybutylenediamine-guanidine phosphate, polypentanediamine-guanidine phosphate, and polyhexamethylenediamine-guanidine phosphate. A water-soluble flame retardant composition.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020100109003A KR101192453B1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | Flame retardant composition soluble in water |
| PCT/KR2010/007780 WO2012060491A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-05 | Water-soluble flame-retardant composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020100109003A KR101192453B1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | Flame retardant composition soluble in water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20120047445A KR20120047445A (en) | 2012-05-14 |
| KR101192453B1 true KR101192453B1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
Family
ID=46024599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020100109003A KR101192453B1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | Flame retardant composition soluble in water |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR101192453B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012060491A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20180070733A (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-27 | 주식회사 인터아이즈 | non-halogen and non-phosphorous flame-retardant solution |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10653904B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2020-05-19 | M-Fire Holdings, Llc | Methods of suppressing wild fires raging across regions of land in the direction of prevailing winds by forming anti-fire (AF) chemical fire-breaking systems using environmentally clean anti-fire (AF) liquid spray applied using GPS-tracking techniques |
| US10311444B1 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2019-06-04 | M-Fire Suppression, Inc. | Method of providing class-A fire-protection to wood-framed buildings using on-site spraying of clean fire inhibiting chemical liquid on exposed interior wood surfaces of the wood-framed buildings, and mobile computing systems for uploading fire-protection certifications and status information to a central database and remote access thereof by firefighters on job site locations during fire outbreaks on construction sites |
| US11395931B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2022-07-26 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of and system network for managing the application of fire and smoke inhibiting compositions on ground surfaces before the incidence of wild-fires, and also thereafter, upon smoldering ambers and ashes to reduce smoke and suppress fire re-ignition |
| US10814150B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2020-10-27 | M-Fire Holdings Llc | Methods of and system networks for wireless management of GPS-tracked spraying systems deployed to spray property and ground surfaces with environmentally-clean wildfire inhibitor to protect and defend against wildfires |
| US10430757B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2019-10-01 | N-Fire Suppression, Inc. | Mass timber building factory system for producing prefabricated class-A fire-protected mass timber building components for use in constructing prefabricated class-A fire-protected mass timber buildings |
| US10695597B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2020-06-30 | M-Fire Holdings Llc | Method of and apparatus for applying fire and smoke inhibiting compositions on ground surfaces before the incidence of wild-fires, and also thereafter, upon smoldering ambers and ashes to reduce smoke and suppress fire re-ignition |
| US10260232B1 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2019-04-16 | M-Fire Supression, Inc. | Methods of designing and constructing Class-A fire-protected multi-story wood-framed buildings |
| US10290004B1 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2019-05-14 | M-Fire Suppression, Inc. | Supply chain management system for supplying clean fire inhibiting chemical (CFIC) totes to a network of wood-treating lumber and prefabrication panel factories and wood-framed building construction job sites |
| US10332222B1 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2019-06-25 | M-Fire Supression, Inc. | Just-in-time factory methods, system and network for prefabricating class-A fire-protected wood-framed buildings and components used to construct the same |
| US11836807B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-12-05 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | System, network and methods for estimating and recording quantities of carbon securely stored in class-A fire-protected wood-framed and mass-timber buildings on construction job-sites, and class-A fire-protected wood-framed and mass timber components in factory environments |
| US11865394B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires |
| US11865390B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire |
| US11826592B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-28 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire |
| KR102375392B1 (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-03-18 | (주)세라 | Glass frit composition for flame retardants and flame retardats using the same |
| US11911643B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2024-02-27 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090090535A1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-09 | Jose Reyes | Flame retardant electrical and construction parts |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04202459A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-23 | Polyplastics Co | Flame-retardant polyester resin composition |
| ZA94344B (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-07-29 | Csir | Solutions and their preparation |
| US6054515A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-04-25 | Blount; David H. | Flame retardant compounds and compositions |
| KR20040035124A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-29 | 주식회사 두본 | non-halogen flame retardant for poly-urethane including non-halogen N-P flame retardant and non-halogen flame retardancy urethane compounds using the same and method of preparing that |
-
2010
- 2010-11-04 KR KR1020100109003A patent/KR101192453B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-11-05 WO PCT/KR2010/007780 patent/WO2012060491A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090090535A1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-09 | Jose Reyes | Flame retardant electrical and construction parts |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20180070733A (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-27 | 주식회사 인터아이즈 | non-halogen and non-phosphorous flame-retardant solution |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20120047445A (en) | 2012-05-14 |
| WO2012060491A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101192453B1 (en) | Flame retardant composition soluble in water | |
| US10301548B2 (en) | Phosphorus-nitrogen-based intumescent flame retardant and synthetic method and use thereof | |
| KR101438457B1 (en) | The water soluble fire retardant for woden and its apply method | |
| CN102773891A (en) | Environment-friendly, fireproof and flame retardant wood (furniture) and manufacturing method thereof | |
| KR101812203B1 (en) | The eco-friendly inorganic flame retardant adhesive composition | |
| CA2927786A1 (en) | A fire-resistant material and a method for obtaining a fire-resistant material | |
| US2725311A (en) | Process for treatment of cellulosic materials to impart flame resistance thereto and articles produced thereby | |
| CN109735913A (en) | A kind of fire-retardant combination and preparation method thereof, artificial grass filaments, artificial grassplot back glue and chinampa | |
| KR101947139B1 (en) | Vegetation board treated with flame-retardant and method for manufacturing the same | |
| KR101834824B1 (en) | A method for preparing water-soluble fire-retardant liquid | |
| KR100865176B1 (en) | Flame retardant composition soluble in water, method for preparing the same, and flameproof process using the same | |
| KR100893948B1 (en) | Flame retardant composition soluble in water, method for preparing the same, and flameproof process using the same | |
| JP2005161588A (en) | Flame retardant woody material and its manufacturing method | |
| Yu et al. | Study of burning behaviors and fire risk of flame retardant plywood by cone calorimeter and TG test | |
| KR102254316B1 (en) | Water soluble flame retardant composition for wood and Flame retardant wood | |
| KR100751566B1 (en) | Preparing method of flame retardant composition comprising ammonium magnesium phosphate and flameproof process using the same | |
| CN114032706B (en) | Heat-resistant flame-retardant decorative paper and preparation method thereof | |
| KR102557168B1 (en) | Color board having the function of preventing flame and fabricating method of the same | |
| KR20080000550A (en) | Aqueous flame-retarding materials composition and its production methods | |
| KR102146169B1 (en) | Composition for flame-retardant treatment for refractory structure of wood-framed composite wood and fire-retardant wood using the composition | |
| JP3102473U (en) | Wooden timber impregnated with flame retardant | |
| KR102208368B1 (en) | Eco-friendly aqueous flame retardant composition and aqueous flame retardant containing the same | |
| KR100672046B1 (en) | Aquous composition for flame retardant lacquer | |
| EP1476510A1 (en) | Fireproofing agent | |
| KR101963574B1 (en) | Eco-friendly natural paint made from natural raw materials |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20181024 Year of fee payment: 9 |