JP2005161588A - Flame retardant woody material and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the flame retardancy of wood without lowering the strength of wood and to further adding antibacterial properties, deodorizing properties, a photocatalytic function and a negative ion producing function to the wood. <P>SOLUTION: This flame retardant woody material 1 is used as a trim material or a structural material of a building and constituted by embedding a flame-retardant substance 6 in a part of or the whole of the surface layer part of a woody base material 4 coated or impregnated with a flame retardant. A skin material may be laminated at least to a part of or the whole of the flame retardant substance embedded surface of the woody base material through an adhesive layer. As the flame retardant substance, the flame retardant, a composition containing a natural polymer or synthetic resin type vehicle or an intumescent substance is preferable. The skin material preferably has either one of antibacterial properties, deodorizing properties, antiseptic properties, insecticidal properties, a photocatalytic function and a negative ion producing function along with flame retardancy. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a flame-retardant wood material used for interior materials or structural materials of buildings, and more specifically, to increase flame resistance without reducing the strength of wood, and further to antibacterial, deodorant, photocatalytic function and The present invention relates to a flame-retardant wood material rich in functionality to which a negative ion generation function and the like are added and a method for producing the same.

Since fire damage is mainly caused by the burning of wood, it is extremely important to make the wood flame-retardant. Conventionally, the technique of impregnating a liquid flame retardant to make wood flame-retardant is well known (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). However, the conventional method of impregnating with a flame retardant has a problem in that it takes a lot of energy and a long time for processing because it is repeatedly immersed and dried under pressure or a decompression device. In addition, the wood to be impregnated is mainly limited to single materials such as cedar, firewood, Karamatsu, Ezomatsu, etc., and plate-like wood is significantly deformed after the impregnation treatment. There is a problem that a process is required, yield is reduced, and waste is large. Furthermore, only the impregnation treatment has a limit to the depth at which the flame retardant penetrates, and in particular, the portion of the wood has a high density and contains a large amount of natural resin, so that the flame retardant is difficult to penetrate. In the event of a fire, firstly the node of this tree is ignited and the natural resin component stored in the node is heated to generate combustible gas, which may promote fire spread. I understood. Therefore, even if a flame-resistant test is performed on a part without a knot and it is recognized as a flame retardant or quasi-incombustible material, use a timber without knot in the wood used in an actual building. Since there are rare examples, there has been a demand for the development of wood that does not cause non-flammability unevenness even if it is wood with knots that are used in reality.
Patent Kaihei 05-0777207 JP 2001-303060

  In general, in the combustion of wood, the surface layer of wood is first decomposed by heat into a low-molecular-weight combustible substance, which burns by repeating an oxidation reaction. Therefore, in order to make wood incombustible or non-combustible, it is necessary to suppress the decomposition or oxidation reaction by a substance that causes an endothermic reaction in a certain temperature range, such as hydroxide, or to cut off the supply of oxygen. Alternatively, the wood may be carbonized by promptly proceeding with thermal decomposition so as not to generate a flammable substance. In addition, the wood used for the interior materials and structural materials of buildings is not only strong enough to withstand the use, but also excellent in design and functionality to provide a comfortable environment for people who use the buildings. Characteristics are required. However, the conventional flame-retardant wood is not always satisfactory as described above, and there has been a strong demand for a flame-retardant wood material excellent in design and function.

  The inventor of the present application diligently studied the combustion of wood, and focused on the surface layer portion, which is the starting point of wood combustion, and in particular, in order to eliminate uneven impregnation of the flame retardant of wood with nodal flame, The present invention has been conceived by discovering that by embedding a chemical substance at a predetermined interval, the chain of combustion is interrupted and the flame retardancy effect is extremely enhanced. It can be applied regardless of the type and shape of the wood, eliminating the unevenness caused by the nodes of the wood, maintaining the strength as a structural material and improving the design and functionality as a cosmetic material Another object is to provide an excellent flame-retardant wooden material.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is characterized in that a flame retardant is applied to or impregnated into a wooden base material, and a flame retardant material is embedded in a part or the entire surface of the wooden base material. (1).

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention applies a flame retardant to or impregnates a wood base material, and embeds a flame retardant material on a part or the entire surface of the wood base material. A flame-retardant wood material is obtained by laminating a skin material through an adhesive layer on at least a part or the entire surface of a wood-based base material in which a flame-retardant material is embedded (Claim 2).

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized in that the flame retardant material is a flame retardant or a composition containing a flame retardant and a natural polymer or synthetic resin vehicle. It is preferable to use a flame-retardant wood material (Claim 3).

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention preferably uses the flame-retardant wood material, wherein the flame-retardant material is an intumescent material ( Claim 4).

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a skin material laminated on the wooden base material that is flame retardant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, insecticidal, antifouling, antiseptic, The flame-retardant wood material is preferably provided so as to have at least one of odor, photocatalytic function, and negative ion generation function (Claim 5).

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention includes a step of applying or impregnating a flame retardant to a wooden base material, and embedding a flame retardant material at a predetermined interval in a surface layer portion of the wooden base material. A step of forming holes or grooves for the purpose, a step of filling the holes or grooves with a flame retardant material, and a skin material through an adhesive layer on the surface of the wood base material embedded with the flame retardant material And a step of laminating the flame retardant wood material.

  The flame-retardant wood material of the present invention, as described above, by embedding a flame-retardant material in the surface layer portion that is the starting point of wood combustion, breaks the chain of combustion, not only has a very high flame-retardant effect, Regardless of the type and shape of the wood, it can be applied to all types of wooden materials such as circular, rectangular, and thin cross-sections. In addition to maintaining sufficient strength as a structural material, it can be protected by a photocatalyst. Rich in functionality such as cleanup of the environment due to fouling and negative ion generation, protection and hygiene from viruses and bacteria by antibacterial agents, and no need for conventional large-scale impregnation equipment, so production cost is low It is also very effective economically. In particular, it is an epoch-making invention in that it can effectively prevent the occurrence of fire or inflammation due to the non-flammability unevenness of the wood node, which has been a concern.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail below.
A flame-retardant wood material according to the present invention is characterized in that a flame-retardant material is embedded at a predetermined interval in a part or the entire surface of a wooden base material impregnated with a flame retardant. A flame retardant material is embedded in the surface layer of a wood base material impregnated with a flame retardant wood material or a flame retardant, and the surface of the wood base material embedded with the flame retardant material is interposed through a flame retardant adhesive layer. Laminated flame retardant skin material. As the woody base material used in the present invention, it can be applied to all kinds of wood such as cedar, straw, pine, kenaf, bamboo, etc., and can be applied to single wood, parquet, plywood, particle board, recycled recovered wood. There are no particular limitations on the type and shape of the laminated wood, new wood chips, etc., formed by adhering the crushed material. Further, the meaning of “flame retardant” used in the present invention includes “non-flammable” and is widely applied to the meaning of “to make flammables difficult to burn”.

  The flame retardant material embedded in the surface layer is a material used as a flame retardant or a flame retardant and is not particularly limited. For example, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite (alumina hydrate) A flame retardant comprising any one selected from potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, boric acid, ammonium borate, ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate and antimony trioxide or a combination thereof is preferable. The ignition temperature of wood is about 250 ° C, the peak temperature of the endothermic reaction of the flame retardant is about 200 ° C to 300 ° C for aluminum hydroxide, about 320 ° C to 380 ° C for magnesium hydroxide, and calcium aluminum Nate hydrate is around 250 ° C and boehmite (alumina hydrate) is about 450 ° C to 540 ° C. A flame retardant mixed with aluminum hydroxide, calcium aluminate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and boehmite (alumina hydrate) in an appropriate ratio is a low molecular weight flammable substance that decomposes when the wood is heated. This is particularly preferable because it interrupts a series of reactions burned by a chain and increases the flame retardant effect.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardant may be embedded in the surface layer of wood as it is, but it is usually used as a composition containing the flame retardant and a natural polymer or synthetic resin vehicle. As the natural polymer or synthetic resin used as the vehicle, thermosetting resins such as urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, and epoxy resin, thermoplastic resin, a kind of casein of phosphoprotein, and the like are usually used.

  An intumescent material can be used as the flame retardant material. Intomescent substances are the beginning of combustion and heating, and bubbles blow out on the surface of the material, creating a foam-like adiabatic expansion layer so that the heat on the surface of the material is not transferred to the inside and the supply of oxygen is shut off. Therefore, it refers to a substance that acts as a flame retardant by inhibiting thermal decomposition and oxidation reaction. Intomescent substances include reactive compounds such as ammonium phosphate and melamine phosphate, foam skeleton forming agents such as hydrocarbon compounds such as dextrin, polyfunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol, polyvinyl acetate, etc. It is preferable to use a combination of, for example, a water-based synthetic emulsion, a solvent-based alkyd resin, an epoxy resin, or the like as a foaming agent, for example, an amide compound such as a decomposable ammonium salt, dicyanamide, or melamine.

  Other examples of intomescent substances include phosphoric acid ammonium borate, ammonium borate, boric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium polyphosphate, sekirin, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, melamine phosphate, phosphoric acid There are urea, calcium aluminate hydrate, and the like, and these can be used in combination as appropriate and together with the substance responsible for the role sharing of the above-described intomesent.

  The flame retardant skin material is not particularly limited, but veneer, wood veneer, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, other fabrics, papers such as Japanese paper, grass-based plants such as kenaf and bamboo In addition, there are flame retardant materials in which a pattern is applied to a film or sheet made of a natural polymer or a synthetic resin, and a flame retardant is applied or kneaded, and a natural material sheet is particularly preferable. The material itself may be an incombustible material such as glass fiber or a flame retardant material. The material may be dyed or colored to print a pattern. In addition, if necessary, a substance having a function of generating negative ions, such as fine-grained quartz porphyry, monasite, coral, tourmaline, etc., a substance having a photocatalytic activity, such as titanium dioxide fine particles or apatite-treated titanium dioxide fine particles, etc. , Antibacterial agents such as silver powder, copper powder and the like, antifungal agents such as preventol, thiazoline and the like, or deodorants such as activated carbon powder, preservatives and insecticides such as wood vinegar liquid and bamboo vinegar liquid alone or A paint may be prepared by kneading with an additive such as a vehicle or a fluidity modifier in an appropriate combination, and the paint may be kneaded with the material or applied or printed on the surface of the material.

As the flame retardant used for flame retarding the material of the woody base material and the flame retardant skin material, for example, inorganic salts such as diammonium phosphate, 1 ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and metal salts are mainly used. When wood is impregnated with an aqueous solution of metal salt and dried, combustion that generates soot is difficult to occur simply by charring and burning even when heated. This is because, as shown in the following reaction formula, a dehydration reaction of cellulose (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) n, which is the main component of wood, is caused by a metal salt to promote carbonization.
(C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) n → ₆ nC + ₅ nH ₂ O
A wooden base material is immersed in the aqueous solution of the flame retardant so that the wooden base material is impregnated with the flame retardant to make the wooden base material flame-retardant. The impregnation method may be either a normal pressure method or a method using a pressure reduction device for wood under a pressurized atmosphere. Further, a small amount of a surfactant, alcohol or the like is mixed into the impregnation liquid, or ultrasonic waves are applied to the inside of the wood. You may increase the permeability to.

  Next, the manufacturing method of a flame-retardant wooden material is demonstrated. The method of embedding the flame retardant into the wood base material impregnated with the flame retardant is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, a predetermined interval is provided in the surface layer portion of the wood base material. A case will be described in which a hole or groove for embedding the flame retardant material is formed and the hole or groove is filled with the flame retardant material. A hole or groove having a diameter and a depth of several millimeters to several centimeters is formed on the surface layer portion of the wooden base material by a known means using, for example, a saw, a laser, a drill, high-pressure water, etc. Are provided at a plurality of locations, and a flame-retardant material is embedded in the holes or grooves. The size, depth, and spacing of the holes or grooves depends on the thickness of the wood base material, the presence or absence of impregnation of the flame retardant, the type of flame retardant, etc. Set as appropriate. In addition, the whole or part of the surface part of the node part of the tree is scraped off, and the flame retardant is further improved by embedding a flame retardant material in the hole after the shaving and impregnating the part other than the node part with a flame retardant. Can be made. Further, in the case of the above-described intimescent material, the size, depth, and interval of the holes or grooves can be appropriately set so that the foam-like heat-insulating expansion layer during heating covers the surface of the wooden substrate. preferable.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a plate-like body in which a flame retardant material is embedded at a predetermined interval is embedded on the base material in which the flame retardant material is embedded. By laminating the positions shifted from each other, the embedded portion of the flame retardant material is widely distributed on the substrate surface, and the flame retardant effect can be improved. The case of FIG. 2 shows a case where the number of the plate-like bodies is one. However, if a plurality of plate-like bodies are laminated with the positions where the flame retardant material is embedded being shifted from each other, the flame retardancy is further improved. Can be improved (not shown). Furthermore, the flame-retardant woody material in which the plate-like bodies separately embedded with the flame retardants having different peak temperatures of the endothermic reaction are combined in the order of the peak temperature is subjected to an endothermic reaction at a relatively low temperature region on the surface of the substrate. Then, it acts so as to endothermically gradually in the high temperature range (the temperature range may be reversed). In this way, it is possible to efficiently prevent the spread of fire.

  Next, a flame retardant adhesive is applied to the surface of the wooden base material in which the flame retardant material is embedded, and a flame retardant skin material is laminated through the flame retardant adhesive layer. The adhesive used here can be appropriately selected from known adhesives depending on the material of the skin material, such as water-based, solvent-based or hot-melt type, and can be prepared by adding an appropriate amount of the flame retardant. . It is preferable to select a material such as a non-formalin solvent, an aqueous adhesive or an α-alephine resin in consideration of sick house syndrome. Moreover, when the flame retardant substance embedded in the woody base material has a function as an adhesive, the flame retardant substance can be used as an adhesive for bonding the skin material. The adhesive may be applied to either the back surface of the skin material or the surface of the wooden base material, or to both surfaces. The method of application is not particularly limited, and for example, hand coating using a brush or spatula or the like, spray, roll coater, knife coater or the like may be used. The coating amount is preferably as thin as possible so as not to lower the flame retardancy and the adhesive strength. A skin material is layered on the adhesive layer and pressed to adhere. It is preferable to heat and dry as necessary. In addition, electromagnetic waves can be shielded by kneading powdered activated carbon, metal powder, or the like in an adhesive within a range that does not lower the adhesive strength.

Next, although an Example is described based on figures, this invention is not limited to this Example.
<Example 1>
In the above-described embodiment, a single cedar wood having a thickness of about 15 mm is used as the wood base material, and an elephant pine veneer having a thickness of about 1 mm is used as the skin material. A treatment solution comprising a plurality of grooves of 4 mm and a depth of about 3 mm in parallel with an interval of about 6 mm, and the woody base material and the skin material comprising an aqueous solution of 70 parts by weight / 30 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate and potassium hydroxide, respectively. After being immersed for 12 hours under normal pressure, it was naturally dried for 24 hours, and this was repeated twice. Next, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite (alumina hydrate) and ammonium borates and ammonium sulfate, which are intimate compounds, are mixed in an aqueous vinyl acetate adhesive in equal weights each to give a paste-like flame retardant. Was filled in the groove, dried naturally and solidified to obtain a flame-retardant woody material. Next, an adhesive obtained by mixing about 30% by weight of aluminum hydroxide with an aqueous vinyl acetate adhesive is thinly applied with a spatula over the entire surface where the flame retardant material is embedded, and the above-mentioned difficulty is applied to the adhesive application surface. Flame retardant wood material was obtained by stacking and stacking the fired skin material. In particular, the node part of the tree was drilled in the surface layer with a drill, and the flame retardant material was embedded in the drilled hole.

<Example 2>
In the flame-retardant wood material of Example 1 described above, instead of a single cedar material of about 15 mm thickness, a single cedar material of about 24 mm thickness is used as the wood base material, and an adhesive and a skin material are laminated. A flame-retardant wooden material similar to that of Example 1 was obtained except that the above was not performed.

<Creation of specimen>
Three points of flame retardant wooden material obtained in Example 1 (test number, Examples 1-1 to 1-3) and one point of flame retardant wooden material obtained in Example 2 (test number, About Example 2), what was cut into a size of about 10 cm × about 10 cm square was used as a test sample. As a comparative example, two wood base materials used in Examples 1 and 2, which were obtained by immersing the above flame retardant, were used (test number, comparative examples 1-1 to 1-2) and practice. The wood base materials used in Examples 1 and 2 were cut in the same manner as the samples of the Examples for one point (test number, Comparative Example 2) for the untreated samples, which were used as test samples. In this test sample, both the example and the comparative example were cut so that the test sample included a portion in which the flame retardant material was embedded in the node or node of the tree.

<Flame retardancy test and evaluation>
Set the test sample horizontally with the skin material on the bottom, with the skin material side down, and place the gas burner under the test piece and the crater at a position approximately 2 cm away from the test piece. Then, heat the test piece with the gas burner, measure the time until the test piece reaches the self-combustion state where it starts to burn itself, and observe the series of combustion states visually to compare and evaluate the degree of flame retardancy did.
<Evaluation results>
Table 1 shows the results of evaluation in the flame retardancy test.

  As shown in Table 1, the flame-retardant wood material according to Example 1 is a process until the wood-based base material self-combusts after the skin material is first burned by the flame of the burner, and starts self-combustion. While the average time was 23 minutes, the flame-retardant wood material of Example 2 did not reach self-combustion even when heated by a burner flame for 30 minutes, and the test was stopped at this stage. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-2, the time to self-combustion is an average value of 11 minutes, and in the case of Comparative Example 2, it was ignited and burned before 1 minute passed. Therefore, the test was stopped halfway. From the above results, the self-combustion start time of Example 1 is slightly more than twice that of Comparative Example 1, and the self-combustion start time of Example 2 reaches three times or more that of Comparative Example 1, and thus the present invention. It was confirmed that such a flame-retardant woody material is remarkably superior to conventional wood just impregnated with a flame retardant. As a reason for this, in the case of Examples 1 and 2, since the flame retardant material is embedded in the node portion as described above, the flame retardant effect was recognized in the same manner as the flame retardant impregnated portion other than the node portion. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-2, since it is difficult for the flame retardant to be impregnated in the node portion, the node portion is ignited first, and then spread to portions other than the node portion. It can be estimated that a difference has occurred in the self-combustion start time. In addition, in the samples of the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples, no significant difference was observed regarding the strength.

<Functionality test>
A functional test was performed together with the flame retardancy test. A treatment liquid was prepared by further mixing 5 wt% of fine-grained quartz porphyry and 5 wt% of a photocatalyst made of apatite-treated titanium dioxide fine particles into the treatment liquid of the skin material in the flame retardant test, A flame retardant wooden material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the skin material was treated in the same manner as in the flame retardant test. About this flame-retardant wooden material, the negative ion generation test and the deodorization test were done as follows.
<Results of negative ion generation test and antifouling test>
When the negative ion of the surface material of the flame retardant wood material for functional test was measured using an ion counter, the number of ions was 100 to 500. Furthermore, after putting the flame-retardant wood material for functional test into a room where sunlight is actually inserted, about 30 minutes after smoking in the room, three monitors entered the room, Smell the smell of cigarettes and compare the intensity of the odors with the case where smoke is smoked in a room where the flame retardant wood for functional test is not applied. It was confirmed that the remaining odor in the room was weaker.

  The flame-retardant wood material according to the present invention not only has a high flame-retarding effect and multi-functionality, but also has an image in which the problem of the non-flammability unevenness of the knot part peculiar to conventional flame retardant-impregnated wood is solved. Since it is a periodical invention and is extremely economical, it is widely used and useful for building interior materials and structural materials.

It is sectional drawing which shows the flame-retardant wooden material which concerns on the present Example 1. It is sectional drawing which shows the flame-retardant wooden material which laminated | stacked the plate-shaped object which embedded the flame retardant substance based on this Embodiment on the base material.

Explanation of symbols

1: flame retardant wood material, 2: skin material, 3: adhesive layer, 4: wood base material, 5: groove, 6: flame retardant material, 7: plate

Claims (6)

A flame retardant wood material characterized in that a flame retardant is applied to or impregnated into a wood base material, and a flame retardant material is embedded in part or the entire surface of the wood base material. Applying or impregnating a wood base material with a flame retardant, embedding a flame retardant material on a part or all of the surface layer portion of the wood base material, and at least a surface of the wood base material embedded with the flame retardant material A flame-retardant wood material in which a skin material is laminated on a part or the entire surface through an adhesive layer. The flame retardant wood material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flame retardant material is a flame retardant or a composition containing a flame retardant and a natural polymer or synthetic resin vehicle. The flame-retardant wood material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flame-retardant material is an intumescent material. The skin material laminated on the wooden base material is flame retardant and has at least any one of antibacterial property, antifungal property, antiseptic property, insectproof property, antifouling property, deodorant property, photocatalytic function and negative ion generating function. The flame-retardant woody material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flame-retardant woody material is applied so as to include one kind. A step of applying or impregnating a wood base material with a flame retardant, a step of forming holes or grooves for embedding a flame retardant material at a predetermined interval in a surface layer portion of the wood base material, and the holes or grooves A flame retardant material, and a step of laminating a skin material through an adhesive layer on the surface of the wooden base material embedded with the flame retardant material. Method for producing natural wood.

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