KR101188062B1 - Controlled releasing fertilizer complex and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of slow-releasable complex fertilizer and slow-releasable complex fertilizer are provided to provide organic material according to elution of fertilizer by using ligneous biomass as an extender. CONSTITUTION: Slow-releasable complex fertilizer uniformly contains wood based biomass and fertilizer. The lignin contained in the wood based biomass becomes adhesive by heat pressurization. The weight ratio of the fertilizer to the wood based biomass is 5-15: 35-45. The wood based biomass comprises one or more selected from paper making fiber, rice hulls, straw, coco peat, oil palm fiber and timber. The fertilizer is one or more selected from urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate ammonium, phospho-gypsum, KCL, first kind composite fertilizer, second kind composite fertilizer and third kind composite fertilizer. A manufacturing method of the slow-releasable complex fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing wood based biomass composite with the fertilizer; and heat pressurizing and molding the mixture.

Description

Controlled releasing fertilizer complex and preparation method etc. that can control fertilizer dissolution rate

The present invention relates to an environment-friendly slow-fertilizer complex and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, it is possible to easily adjust the composition ratio and the dissolution rate of the fertilizer to produce a customized slow-fertilizer, using wood-based biomass as an extender It is effective for supplying nutrients by allowing organic materials to be supplied together with the dissolution of fertilizers. Furthermore, it is easy to control the density of the whole product, so that the content of the active ingredient per unit weight can be increased, so that the total weight of the product can be reduced. It relates to an eco-friendly slow-fertilizer complex and a method for producing the same.

Fertilizers are defined as substances that bring chemical changes from soil to nourish or assist plant cultivation, substances that nourish plants, and other materials for improving soil (topsoil) as prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

In Korea, the fertilizer management law is divided into ordinary fertilizer and by-product fertilizer. Common fertilizer is a fertilizer other than by-product fertilizer, which is defined as the process standard according to Article 4, and by-product fertilizer is agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, manufacturing or sales. It refers to the designation designated by the Minister of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as a fertilizer manufactured using by-products, manure, food waste, soil microbial preparations (including soil enzyme preparations), and soil activators.

As the fertilizer spread in the 1900s, crop production rapidly increased, which contributed to solving the food problem.However, long-term over-use of fertilizers reduced soil productivity, resulting in a decrease in crop yields, deterioration of soil and water. Pollution also caused side effects, including environmental problems.

In July 2005, the government abolished the government subsidy on chemical fertilizers to curb the use of chemical fertilizers (a goal of reducing more than 40% by 2013), organic fertilizers, bulk blending (BB), Eco-friendly fertilizers such as customized fertilizers produced for regions and crops and slow-fertilizing fertilizers are slowly being eluted.

Eco-friendly fertilizers are expanding to the non-agricultural landscaping and forestry markets, and in the case of the market of 300 billion won in 2005, a market worth 150 billion won is being formed in the fields of landscaping and forestry, which are not distributed through the Agricultural Cooperatives. It is estimated.

Various types of eco-friendly fertilizers have been developed and used. These fertilizers are characterized by the recycling of organic resources, the formulation of ingredients based on the fertilizer requirements of plants, and the efficacies of continuously supplying fertilizers during plant growth.

Recently developed products are particularly oriented towards the effectiveness of the elements of the eco-friendly fertilizer, the conventional techniques related to the slow-fertilizer fertilizer technology is as follows.

In general, slow-fertilizing fertilizers are coated fertilizers (eg SCU, Meister, Cera Coat, Nutricote, Osmocote, etc.) and fertilizers or fertilizers prepared by coating poorly soluble substances that can block the contact of water on the surface of the fast-acting fertilizer. It is divided into synthetic fertilizers (eg, UF, IBDU, CDU, Oxamide, Melamine, etc.) that are chemically reacted to produce salts that are poorly soluble in water or hardly decomposable materials that are not easily decomposed by soil microorganisms. However, these products have the disadvantages of high production price due to complicated production process and loss due to rainfall.

KG Chemical's Forest Fertilizer is a solid fertilizer with the size and shape of coal briquettes. However, when using fertilizers, the inconvenience of having to dig the ground and having only a large shape is strong, so that the effect is low, and the strength of the fertilizer is high, but its shape is known to have a disadvantage in the manufacturing process.

In addition, there is disclosed a branch fertilizer (Registration No. 10-0725423) molded into a nail shape to fill the fertilizer in a thick paper as an improved product, and easy to embed into the ground, "High strength slow-acting solid fertilizer using calcium bond hardening properties and its Manufacturing Method "(Registration No. 10-1024187) is a mixture of clay minerals in a fertilizer and molded and the inorganic strength of the combination of gypsum and sulfuric acid or a combination of lime and phosphoric acid to induce calcium bonds to the strength of the formed fertilizer It is said that it is possible to control the dissolution rate, and "the eco-friendly fertilizer composition with improved fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency containing aspartic acid-alkyl aspartic acid copolymer" (Patent No. 10-093997) is aspartic acid- An alkyl aspartic acid copolymer is used as an organic hardener.

The Forest Service National Forest Research Institute "Slow-fertilizer for conifers and its manufacturing method" (registered patent No. 10-0865354) and "Slow-fertilizer for hardwoods and its manufacturing method" (Registration No. 10-0891198) when fertilizing the forest According to the conifers and deciduous trees, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and kali was applied and applied, but the technique of producing efficacies by coating these fertilizers with urea was suggested.

However, as described above, most of the conventional slow-release fertilizers also have difficult control of the dissolution rate for each plant, and the manufacturing process is also complicated and expensive.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, its purpose is to easily adjust the composition ratio and dissolution rate of the fertilizer, it is possible to manufacture a customized slow-acting fertilizer, woody biomass extender It is effective in supplying nutrients by allowing organic materials to be supplied together with the dissolution of fertilizers. Furthermore, it is easy to control the density of the whole product, so that the content of the active ingredient per unit weight can be increased to reduce the total weight of the product. The aim is to provide an eco-friendly, slow-acting fertilizer complex.

In addition, another object of the present invention is easy to control the composition ratio and the dissolution rate of the fertilizer is possible to manufacture a customized slow-fertilizer, using the wood-based biomass as an extender so that the organic matter can be supplied with the fertilizer elution It is effective in supplying nutrients, and furthermore, it is easy to control the density of the whole product to increase the content of the active ingredient per unit weight to provide a method for producing an eco-friendly slow-fertilizer complex that can reduce the total weight of the product. .

The technical problem of the present invention as described above is achieved by the following means.

(1) A slow-acting fertilizer, wherein wood-based biomass and fertilizer are uniformly contained, and lignin contained in the wood-based biomass becomes an adhesive by heating and pressurizing, so that the biomass and fertilizer are formed into a molded body. Eco-friendly slow fertilizer complex.

(2) The method according to claim 1,

Wood-based biomass: Fertilizer is an eco-friendly fertilizer complex characterized in that the composition of the weight ratio of 5 to 15: 35 to 45.

(3) The method according to claim 1,

Wood-based biomass is an eco-friendly fertilizer complex, characterized in that it comprises at least one selected from the group of by-products derived from paper fiber, rice hull, straw, coco peat, oil palm fiber and wood.

(4) The method according to 1,

Fertilizer is an eco-friendly, slow-release, characterized in that it comprises at least one selected from the group of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, gypsum phosphate, potassium chloride, first compound fertilizer, second compound fertilizer, and third compound fertilizer. Fertilizer complex.

(5) The method according to claim 1,

Eco-friendly fertilizer complex, characterized in that the specific gravity of the molded body is in the range of 0.8 ~ 2 g / ㎠.

(6) uniformly mixing the woody biomass and the fertilizer; And

Method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer complex of eco-friendly comprising the step of heating and pressing the mixture.

(7) the method of paragraph 6,

Forming process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that is carried out by a batch press or a continuous extrusion method.

(8) the method of item 6,

Molding process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that carried out in the range of 120 ~ 200 ℃.

(9) The method according to 8,

Molding process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that carried out in the range of 30 to 60 minutes.

According to the present invention, it is easy to control the composition ratio and the dissolution rate of the fertilizer, it is possible to manufacture a customized slow-release fertilizer, using the wood-based biomass as an extender so that the organic matter can be supplied with the fertilizer elution of the nutritional components It is effective to supply, and furthermore, the density of the whole product can be easily adjusted to increase the content of the active ingredient per unit weight, thereby providing an effect of reducing the total weight of the product.

1 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the dissolution properties of nitrogen (ammonium) in the fertilizer complex according to the present invention.
2 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the dissolution characteristics of phosphoric acid (soluble) in the fertilizer complex according to the present invention.
3 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the dissolution characteristics of potassium (aqueous) in the fertilizer complex according to the present invention.
4 is an experimental result of observing the fluidity change of the wood-based biomass lignin according to the process time and temperature.

The fertilizer complex according to the present invention allows to freely control the dissolution rate of the fertilizer to meet the properties required in the soil of the fertilizer according to the plant.

To this end, the fertilizer composite according to the present invention is uniformly mixed with wood-based biomass and fertilizer, and then molded into a uniform shape by heating and pressurizing it. In this process, the lignin contained in the biomass functions as an adhesive that mediates the binding between cellulose and cellulose, thereby creating an environment in which fertilizer can be encapsulated in the biomass.

By using this property of lignin in the present invention, it is possible to maximize the controllability of the fertilizer by controlling the lignin content in the biomass. For example, the density of the final molded product can be controlled by using wood flour, chaff, etc. in which lignin remains as it is, or by adding waste liquor containing lignin generated during the pulping process, that is, adjusting the mixing ratio. As a result, it is possible to control the slowness.

Wood-based biomass in the present invention means a vegetable raw material of which lignin and hemicellulose or cellulose is the main component, for example selected from the group of by-products derived from paper fiber, chaff, straw, coco peat, oil palm fiber and wood It may include at least one kind.

These wood-based biomasses provide the advantage that the lignin functions as an adhesive of cellulose by heating, thereby reducing the volume of the whole product by increasing the density during molding by pressing. In addition, the organic components constituting these wood-based biomass can be supplied to the plant and supplied to the soil with the elution of the fertilizer.

Fertilizers differ in composition and content depending on the plant's required characteristics, and also in timing and timing of supply. The required characteristics of such fertilizers are known in most plants, and the present invention enables the selection of wood-based biomass that can satisfy the elution characteristics for each component.

Examples of the fertilizer include at least one selected from the group of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, gypsum phosphate, potassium chloride, first compound fertilizer, second compound fertilizer, and third compound fertilizer.

Thus, according to the present invention, the wood-based biomass shows a difference in the elution characteristics of the fertilizer contained in the molded composite according to the type or combination thereof. That is, in the present invention, there are wood-based biomass that can be eluted better with respect to specific fertilizers, and these can be determined through repeated experiments.

For example, when formulated into a molded body together with the fertilizer using chaff and chaff powder, the dissolution of the fertilizer component can occur after several days can exhibit an effect that can be delayed for a certain period of time.

On the other hand, in the case of paper fiber, since the dissolution of the fertilizer component is gentle from the time of injection of the molded body, it is possible to control the dissolution rate through the appropriate combination of chaff or rice husk flour and papermaking fiber. In other words, when the chaff or rice husk powder and paper fiber are mixed in a suitable amount to produce a molded body, the dissolution rate of the fertilizer shows a moderate dissolution rate when compared to each of these components alone.

As such, those skilled in the art can easily determine the elution characteristics for each wood-based biomass listed above based on the description of the present invention, and use these results to formulate a molded article containing various combinations of wood-based biomass. By doing so, it is possible to customize the dissolution characteristics of the fertilizer required for each plant.

In the present invention, the content of the wood-based biomass and the fertilizer in the molded body is not particularly limited, but the wood-based biomass: fertilizer is preferably in a ratio of 5 to 15:35 to 45 by weight.

When the content of wood-based biomass is less than 5 in weight ratio, not only is it difficult to formulate the molded body, but it may not be easy to control the dissolution behavior, and when it exceeds 15, it may be difficult to dissolve the encapsulated fertilizer. .

In addition, when the fertilizer content is less than 35 by weight, it may be difficult to meet the fertilizer requirements of the plant. If the fertilizer content exceeds 45, it may be harmful to the plant due to excessive dissolution or long term fertilizer in the soil. There is a fear of causing it.

Although the molded object in this invention is not specifically limited, It is preferable to set it as the specific gravity of 0.8-2 g / cm <2>. If the specific gravity is less than 0.8 g / ㎠ to increase the size unnecessarily rather effective effect is low, if the specific gravity exceeds 2 g / ㎠ there is a fear that the dissolution of the fertilizer component is not made well.

The molded article according to the present invention may further include a separate lignin adhesive (eg, lignin sulfonate (LS)) in addition to the wood-based biomass and fertilizer. In addition, a separate extender may be further included to formulate into a shaped body. At this time, the content of the additive is preferably added within the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the molded body.

In the present invention, a heating and pressing process may be used to formulate the molded body. At this time, the heating temperature is not particularly limited to formulate into a molded article having an appropriate specific gravity by using the lignin contained in the wood-based biomass as an adhesive, but is preferably performed in the range of 120 ~ 200 ℃.

The heating time may vary depending on the properties of the desired molded article, but is preferably carried out in the range of 30 to 60 minutes.

In the present invention, the pressing process for forming the molded body may be used a variety of known molding apparatus. Examples of such molding apparatus include batch press molding apparatus, continuous extrusion molding apparatus, and the like.

In the present invention, it is also possible to control the dissolution characteristics of the fertilizer by adjusting the above process conditions (pressure, temperature, pressurization time, etc.). That is, the higher the process temperature, the longer the process time, the more the fluidity of the lignin contained in the biomass is increased, and as a result, the porosity may be reduced, and consequently, the effectiveness may be further improved.

When the fertilizer complex according to the present invention is applied to the soil is preferably applied by a method of spraying on the soil. Fertilizer complex according to the invention the amount of fertilization and the number of fertilization, etc. can be adjusted according to the type of crop, the degree of growth and cultivation method.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples. However, these Examples and Experimental Examples are only illustrated to help the understanding of the present invention, the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.

Example 1

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro): LS (Ca lignosulfate, Borregard) in a weight ratio of 40:10: 1 was mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1 cm and a specific gravity of 1.15 g / cm 3.

[Example 2]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro): LS (Ca lignosulfate, Borregard) in a weight ratio of 40:10: 1 was mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 0.9 cm and a specific gravity of 1.20 g / cm 3.

[Example 3]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro): LS (Ca lignosulfate, Borregard) in a weight ratio of 40:10: 1 was mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 0.4 cm and a specific gravity of 1.36 g / cm 3.

Example 4

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro) was mixed uniformly to a weight ratio of 40:10. The mixture was heated and pressed at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus (Ca lignosulfate, Borregard) to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 0.7 cm and a specific gravity of 1.51 g / cm 3.

[Example 5]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro) was mixed uniformly to a weight ratio of 40:10. The mixture was heated and pressed at 120 DEG C for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 0.8 cm and a specific gravity of 1.44 g / cm &lt; 3 &gt;.

[Example 6]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, eastern Hannong): paper fiber (paper fiber, Dong Agro) was mixed uniformly to a weight ratio of 40:10. The mixture was heated and pressed at 120 DEG C for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1.0 cm and a specific gravity of 1.32 g / cm &lt; 3 &gt;.

[Example 7]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): Rice husk powder was 40:10 by weight, and mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1.3 cm and a specific gravity of 0.85 g / cm 3.

[Example 8]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): Rice husk powder was 40:10 by weight, and mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1.25 cm and a specific gravity of 0.88 g / cm 3.

[Example 9]

Compound fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): Rice husk powder was 40:10 by weight, and mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressurized at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1.3 cm and a specific gravity of 0.85 g / cm 3.

[Example 10]

Combined fertilizer (roots: 12-7-9, Eastern Hannong): Rice husk was 40:10 by weight, and mixed uniformly. The mixture was heated and pressed at 180 ° C. for 40 minutes using a batch press molding apparatus to form a cylindrical shaped body having a thickness of 1.2 cm and a specific gravity of 0.95 g / cm 3.

[Experimental Example 1]

The fertilizer composite samples according to the above embodiments were soaked in water at 25 ° C., and then left for 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days, respectively, and then the respective solutions were collected to measure N, P, and K contents, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. Shown in

From the experimental results, nitrogen nitrate was not detected, and it was confirmed that fertilizer elution was insufficient until day 7 when chaff powder and chaff were used. In this case, it was judged that it would be better to use chaff powder or rice husk or mixtures thereof when the fertilizer component is required to evaporate after a certain period of time.

As can be seen from the experimental results of Figures 1 to 3, it was confirmed that the type of wood-based biomass is significantly associated with the fertilizer leaching than the molding conditions of the fertilizer composite. As a result, through the appropriate combination of biomass, for example, when combining the papermaking fiber and rice husk, the intermediate characteristics of the elution characteristics of the papermaking fiber and chaff. In addition, it is possible to obtain more detailed elution characteristics by changing these composition ratios. This property will be confirmed through Example 11 below.

[Example 11]

A molded product was prepared according to the same conditions as in Example 1 except for using wood-based biomass instead of paper fiber as shown in Table 1 below, wherein the dissolution characteristics of each fertilizer component were measured according to a known measurement method. It is shown in Table 1 below.

Fertilizer Elution Characteristics by Biomass Blending (Paper Fiber is 100 and Comparative Relative Characteristics) material Inorganic nitrogen Effective Phosphoric Acid Substitutable Kali Chaff 100 7 5 11 Paper 20: chaff 80 15 17 23 Paper 50: chaff 50 48 53 61 Paper 80: chaff 80 84 86 88 Paper 100 100 100 100

As such, when chaff is mixed with paper fiber, the elution characteristics of the fertilizer are shown to be effective. The higher the content of the chaff, the higher the characteristics. This may be due to the increase in densities as the content of chaff increases and the fluidity increases at high temperature as the ratio of lignin increases in the total mass of biomass.

Experimental Example 2 Variation of Wood-based Biomass Lignin Fluidity According to Process Time and Temperature

The fluidity of lignin was analyzed from the lignin leaching amount of the molded product according to the process time and reaction temperature.

As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the elution amount of lignin increases as the process time increases and as the process temperature increases, and this property can be used for the purpose of controlling the density in the final molded body. Therefore, in the case of fertilizers that require more effective release characteristics, increasing the process time to process temperature can reduce the release rate of the fertilizer components.

Claims (9)

In the slow-acting fertilizer, wood-based biomass and fertilizer are uniformly contained, and the lignin contained in the wood-based biomass becomes an adhesive by heating and pressurizing, so that the biomass and the fertilizer are formed into a combination. Slow-release fertilizer complexes. The method of claim 1,
Wood-based biomass: Fertilizer is an eco-friendly fertilizer complex characterized in that the composition of the weight ratio of 5 to 15: 35 to 45. The method of claim 1,
Wood-based biomass is an eco-friendly fertilizer complex, characterized in that it comprises at least one selected from the group of by-products derived from paper fiber, rice hull, straw, coco peat, oil palm fiber and wood. The method of claim 1,
Fertilizer is an eco-friendly, slow-release, characterized in that it comprises at least one selected from the group of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, gypsum phosphate, potassium chloride, first compound fertilizer, second compound fertilizer, and third compound fertilizer. Fertilizer complex. The method of claim 1,
Eco-friendly fertilizer complex, characterized in that the specific gravity of the molded body is in the range of 0.8 ~ 2 g / ㎠. Uniformly mixing woody biomass and fertilizer; And
Method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer complex of eco-friendly comprising the step of heating and pressing the mixture. The method according to claim 6,
Forming process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that is carried out by a batch press or a continuous extrusion method. The method according to claim 6,
Molding process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that carried out in the range of 120 ~ 200 ℃. The method of claim 8,
Molding process is a method for producing an eco-friendly fertilizer composite of the environment, characterized in that carried out in the range of 30 to 60 minutes.

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