KR101187581B1 - Apparatus for generating electric power by biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-efficiency power generation apparatus using heat that burns biomass such as food waste, farmers' products, waste wood, or tree leaves. A furnace, a fountain pipe for injecting water into the combustion furnace, a heat exchanger circulating therein, and a heat exchanger disposed at an upper portion of the combustion furnace to exchange heat with the combustion furnace, and a heat medium heated from the heat exchanger. It includes a power generation unit for generating electricity and an exhaust pipe for exhausting the combustion gas by communicating with the outside of the combustion furnace, it is possible to efficiently process the biomass and high efficiency power generation.

Food, waste, recycling, biomass, combustion, power generation, steam turbines.

Description

Biomass Power Plant {APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER BY BIOMASS}

The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus using combustion heat, and more particularly, to a high efficiency power generation apparatus using heat from burning biomass such as food waste, farmer products, waste wood or tree leaves.

As the industry develops, the emissions of household and industrial waste are exploding. Some of them are recycled while others are incinerated or landfilled, and various pollutants are released during this process, which is an environmental problem.

Among the household wastes, food wastes are used as feed for livestock, or some recycling methods such as drying and fermentation are used as compost. However, since the food contains a large amount of salt, there are problems such as unsuitable for feed or compost, or excessive cost for removing salt. Therefore, the proportion of food waste that is recycled is insignificant, and most food waste is disposed of rather than recycled.

However, since food waste contains moisture, it is not easy to dispose of it by incineration, and since it is made of organic matter, the combustion gas causes air pollution even when incinerated. It will cause contamination.

Food waste, which is difficult to recycle and is not suitable for incineration or landfilling, is a waste of energy because most of it is biomass containing a large amount of organic materials produced by animals and plants. If energy can be obtained from biomass such as farmers' products and waste wood as well as food waste, it can alleviate the shortage of energy resources such as fossil fuel, which is being exhausted around the world, and can prevent environmental pollution. This is the area to be concentrated. Furthermore, it can help to increase the income of farmers and fishers as it can resource farmer products that are not currently used and discarded.

However, currently known technologies such as food waste incinerators have the same problems as air pollution, such as deterioration in efficiency due to incomplete combustion, dust and toxic combustion gas emissions, and low thermal efficiency in terms of using thermal energy generated by incineration. Falling.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a biomass power generation apparatus that can smoothly incinerate biomass including food waste and utilize the heat of combustion with high efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass power generation apparatus that can continuously generate electricity by burning while continuously supplying biomass.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass power generation apparatus capable of reducing air pollution by purifying gas discharged after burning biomass.

Other objects, specific advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In order to achieve the above object, a biomass power generation apparatus according to the present invention includes a raw material supply unit for transferring biomass, a combustion furnace for burning biomass transferred from the raw material supply unit, and spraying water into the combustion furnace. A heat exchanger for circulating therein, a heat medium circulating therein, and a heat exchanger disposed at an upper portion of the combustion furnace to exchange heat with the inside of the combustion furnace, and a power generation unit configured to generate electricity by receiving a heated heat medium from the heat exchanger; And an exhaust pipe communicating with the outside to exhaust the combustion gas.

In the biomass power generation apparatus according to the present invention, the raw material supply unit is rotated in engagement with the input nozzle provided through the bottom plate of the combustion furnace, the hollow supply pipe body in communication with the input nozzle, and the inside of the supply pipe body. It is preferred to include a spiral feed feeder that is possibly installed. In addition, the supply pipe is preferably formed with an injection hole to penetrate the pipe wall on one side, it is preferable to further include a conveyor belt installed to drop at a position corresponding to the injection hole of the feed mass.

The biomass power generation device according to the present invention further includes a rotary drive plate spaced apart from the bottom plate at the lower portion of the combustion furnace and rotatably installed and formed with a through hole in an up and down direction, protruding from an upper surface of the rotary drive plate. It may further include a great bar formed to be.

In the biomass power generation apparatus according to the present invention, the combustion furnace includes a primary combustion chamber located at a lower side and supplied with biomass through the injection nozzle, and a secondary combustion chamber located at an upper side and the heat exchange unit is disposed. Preferably, the exhaust pipe is in communication with the secondary combustion chamber at a point higher than the heat exchanger at the upper end of the secondary combustion chamber. At this time, it is preferable to further include a first blower for supplying air to the injection nozzle. Furthermore, it may further include a second blower for supplying air to the primary combustion chamber. And it is preferable to further include a partition provided between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber to reduce the inner diameter of the combustion furnace. In addition, the water is accommodated therein may further include a thermal water jacket for heat exchange with the combustion gas exhausted through the exhaust pipe disposed above the exhaust pipe in the combustion chamber. Here, the thermal water jacket is preferably extended to surround the exhaust pipe. In addition, it is preferable that the fountain pipe sprays the water inside the thermal water jacket. And the water heated in the thermal water jacket is preferably supplied to the heat exchange unit.

The biomass power generation apparatus according to the present invention may further include a combustion table installed at the combustion furnace side open end of the injection nozzle to support the biomass supplied from the injection nozzle.

In the biomass power generation apparatus according to the present invention, the heat exchange part includes an endothermic water jacket filled with water therein, and the endothermic water jacket penetrates up and down to form a combustion gas passage and a steam jacket. It is preferred to include a heat absorbing tube that extends downward from the jacket and has a columnar shape. In addition, the endothermic water jacket is preferably extended to surround the side of the combustion furnace. On the other hand, the power generation unit, it is preferable to include a steam turbine generator for rotating the turbine by receiving the steam generated in the endothermic water jacket.

The biomass power generation device according to the present invention may further include a dust washing tank for accommodating the end of the exhaust pipe in water contained therein. In this case, it is preferable to further include a settling tank communicating with the dust washing tank to remove foreign substances contained in the water contained in the dust washing tank.

The biomass power generation device according to the present invention may further include a discharge pipe installed through the bottom plate of the combustion furnace and a discharge blower connected to the discharge pipe. At this time, the bottom plate of the combustion furnace is preferably vibrable.

The present invention has the following effects.

First, the scope of application is wide. The present invention is highly applicable because it can be widely applied to various forms of biomass such as food waste as well as animal waste, leaves, fallen leaves, waste wood, meat processing by-products.

Second, the efficiency is high. The present invention can not only increase the combustion rate of the biomass through the interaction of the combustion zone, the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber, and the fountain pipe, but also significantly improve the thermal efficiency through heat exchange by the endothermic water jacket and the thermal water jacket. .

Third, the throughput of biomass is large. The present invention is able to continuously supply a large amount of biomass by a conveyor belt, and because the combustion zone is installed, it is possible to smoothly burn a large amount of biomass, so that it is easy to construct a medium-large processing system, and continuous operation is possible. Throughput is greatly increased.

Fourth, there is no environmental pollution caused by smoke or dust. In the present invention, since the discharged combustion gas passes through the dust cleaning tank, dust, dust, and the like are removed by washing with water, and thus water soluble gas components are removed, thereby minimizing the possibility of air pollution.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the biomass power generation device according to the present invention in detail.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a biomass estrus device according to the present invention.

The combustion furnace 7 provides a space separated from the outside in order to burn the biomass supplied from the outside, and includes a lower primary combustion chamber 27 and an upper secondary combustion chamber 28, In addition, the year 29 is further included in relation to the exhaust pipe 34 and the thermal water jacket 33 to be described below. The primary combustion chamber 27 is a space where biomass is initially supplied, and the supplied biomass is ignited and combusted first. Since the secondary combustion chamber 28 is disposed above the primary combustion chamber 27 and can maintain a higher temperature than the primary combustion chamber 27, the secondary combustion chamber 28 continues to burn the biomass ignited in the primary combustion chamber 27. In the combustion gas of the biomass generated in the primary combustion chamber 27 serves to further burn unburned gas. In order to secure the time for the combustion gas to stay in the primary combustion chamber 27, it is preferable to arrange the partition wall 26 between the primary combustion chamber 27 and the secondary combustion chamber 28. The partition 26 is made of refractory and is arranged in an inner flange shape to reduce the inner diameter of the combustion furnace 7. The seeker 25 is a through hole for initially igniting the biomass in the combustion furnace 7, and is formed so that opening and closing is possible.

The raw material supply part is for supplying biomass to the combustion furnace 7, and includes an injection nozzle 23, a supply pipe 16, and a feed feeder 17. The injection nozzle 23 is installed through the bottom plate 19 of the combustion furnace 7. The supply pipe 16 is a tubular member in communication with the injection nozzle 23, and serves as a transfer path of the biomass. The feed feeder 17 is installed inside the feed pipe 16. The feed feeder 17 is a screw shape having a spiral blade formed therein so as to be rotatable about an axis extending along the axial direction of the feed pipe 16. do. At this time, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the spiral blade is close to the inner diameter of the supply pipe 16 to minimize the space between the end of the spiral blade and the inner wall surface of the supply pipe 16. When the feed feeder 17 is rotated, the biomass between the helical blades moves along the supply pipe 16 and moves to the feed nozzle 23 side. When the feed is continuously transferred, the biomass from the feed nozzle 23 to the combustion furnace 7 ) Biomass will enter.

An injection hole 16a is formed on one side of the supply pipe 16 to penetrate the pipe wall of the supply pipe 16 for supplying the automated and continuous biomass, and the conveyor belt 18 is disposed above the outside of the supply pipe 16. ) Is preferable. The conveyor belt 18 advances the biomass supplied from one side and serves to drop it into the input hole 16a of the supply pipe 16. Of course, the biomass dropped into the injection hole (16a) is to proceed in the supply pipe 16 by the feed feeder (17).

The heat exchanger circulates inside the heat exchange unit, and is disposed in the upper portion of the combustion furnace 7, that is, the secondary combustion chamber 28, so that the heat medium absorbs heat generated in the combustion furnace 7. The heat exchange part may be composed of a water jacket, and water may be used as the heat medium. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 1, the heat exchange part is composed of endothermic water jacket (30, 32). The endothermic water jacket (30, 32) is filled with water, the steam jacket 30, the steam collected by the evaporation of water by heat exchange, and the steam jacket 30 in order to increase the heat exchange area Extends to include a heat absorbing tube 32 having a columnar shape. The heat absorbing tube 32 mainly collects liquid water. Meanwhile, a combustion gas passage 31 is formed in the steam jacket 30 in a vertical direction so that the combustion gas of the secondary combustion chamber 28 can pass. The combustion gas passage 31 also becomes a heat transfer surface, and the steam jacket 30 The water or steam inside will be further heated. Endothermic water jacket (30, 32) is preferably extended to surround the side of the combustion furnace (7) because it can increase the heat exchange rate.

The combustion gas passing through the endothermic water jackets 30 and 32 is exhausted to the outside along the exhaust pipe 34. In other words, the exhaust pipe 34 is arranged to communicate with the secondary combustion chamber 28 at a point higher than the heat exchange unit, that is, the steam jacket 30. This takes into account heat exchange in the combustion gas passage 31 of the steam jacket 30.

However, since the combustion gas exhausted through the exhaust pipe 34 still has a higher temperature than the atmosphere, it is preferable to further include a thermal water jacket 33 to recover such thermal heat. The thermal water jacket 33 accommodates water therein and is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber 28 at a point higher than the inlet of the exhaust pipe 34. In other words, the thermal water jacket 33 is arranged to be in contact with the top of the combustion furnace 7. Thus, the space between the thermal water jacket 33 and the endothermic water jacket 30, 32, and more specifically the steam jacket 30 is partitioned, and the combustion gas passes through the space, that is, the year 29, while the thermal water jacket 33 After the heat is transferred to enter the exhaust pipe (34). Furthermore, it is preferable that the thermal water jacket 33 extends to surround the exhaust pipe 34 outside the combustion furnace 7 to absorb the residual heat of the combustion gas exhausted through the exhaust pipe 34. The water heated in the extra warm water jacket 33 is supplied to the heat exchange unit, that is, the endothermic water jackets 30 and 32, so that the water can be heated at a higher efficiency than the water is only heated by the endothermic water jackets 30 and 32 only. To help. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the supply water pipe 6 is illustrated to supply water from the thermal water jacket 33 to the heat absorbing water jackets 30 and 32. In order to control the flow through the water supply pipe 6, the water supply pipe 6 is provided with an on-off valve (9). In addition, a water supply pipe 40 and a water supply pump 35 are provided to supplement the water to the thermal water jacket 33.

The power generation unit generates electricity by using heat generated in the combustion furnace 7, and receives heat medium from the heat exchanger to generate electricity therefrom. When the heat exchanger includes the endothermic water jackets 30 and 32, the heat medium becomes water or steam. In this case, the power generation unit preferably includes a steam turbine generator 1 that receives steam from the endothermic water jackets 30 and 32 and generates electricity by rotating the turbine with the steam. 1 is a conduit for supplying steam of high temperature and high pressure to the steam turbine generator 1, and the return pipe 5 is an endothermic water jacket 30 for absorbing steam or condensate of low temperature and low pressure that has undergone a power generation process. 32) to return to the pipeline. Meanwhile, the safety valve 3 and the steam inlet valve 2 maintain the pressure in the steam pipe diagram 4 at an appropriate level, respectively, and control the flow of steam through the steam pipe diagram 4. In addition, the return valve 10 is for controlling the flow of steam or condensate through the return pipe (5).

On the other hand, the biomass to be burned in the combustion furnace 7 generally includes solids such as food waste, and the larger the size of the solids, the more difficult the combustion is. Food waste may be supplied to the combustion furnace 7 after pretreatment such as drying and pulverization, but since the time and cost for the pretreatment may not be sufficient, a means for smoothly burning the biomass is required. . To this end, a first blower 14, a second blower 12, a fountain pipe 8, and a combustion table 24 are provided.

The first blower 14 supplies air to the injection nozzle 23 through the first blower tube 15. In addition, the second blower 12 supplies air to the inside of the primary combustion chamber 27 through the second blower pipe 11. The air supplied by these blowers 14 and 12 is all necessary for smoothly burning the biomass.

On the other hand, the fountain pipe 8 injects water into the primary combustion chamber 27. When the solids are combusted, the moisture contained in the solids expands while vaporizing, and the solids are crushed and scattered by the expansion force, thereby increasing the combustion rate of the solids. Thus, if necessary, incomplete combustion can be minimized by injecting water into the burning biomass through the fountain pipe 8. Further, the water sprayed from the water fountain tube 8 is vaporized soon in the high temperature combustion furnace 7, which increases the overall thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the gas inside the combustion furnace 7, and thus the heat transfer rate to the heat exchange unit. There is also an effect to improve. However, in order to suppress a sharp drop in the temperature inside the combustion furnace by the water injected through the fountain pipe 8, the fountain pipe 8 is connected to the supply water pipe 6 connected to the thermal water jacket 33, It is preferable to allow the water in the heated state to be injected into the combustion furnace 7.

The combustion zone 24 is installed at the combustion furnace 7 of the injection nozzle 23, that is, at the open end side of the primary combustion chamber 27, and the biomass supplied through the injection nozzle 23 is spread over a larger area. Support to be burned. Therefore, the combustion zone 24 is preferably in the form of a grate or mesh (mesh).

As such, since the raw material supply unit capable of continuously supplying the biomass and the combustion furnace 7 capable of smoothly burning the supplied biomass, materials such as food waste can be continuously burned, Final by-products from combustion are also produced continuously, and as a countermeasure, the following components are added.

The rotary drive plate 13 is a plate having a through hole formed in the vertical direction, and is spaced apart from the bottom plate 19 which forms the bottom surface of the combustion furnace 7 at the lower part of the combustion furnace 7. It is rotatably installed from above. On the upper surface of the rotary drive plate 13 is installed so that the great bar 22 protrudes. Since the rotary drive plate 13 is above the bottom plate 19, the final by-products such as ash remaining after burning in the combustion table 24 is First, the rotary driving plate 13 is in contact with. The final by-product having a smaller particle size may fall directly to the bottom plate 19 through the through hole of the rotary drive plate 13, but the final by-product having a larger particle is spread over the rotary drive plate 13. At this time, when the rotary drive plate 13 is rotated, the final by-products are crushed. In this process, the great bar 22 serves to crush the by-products which are tightly agglomerated or the by-products attached in the combustion process.

The bottom plate 19 of the combustion furnace 7 thus passes through the rotary drive plate 13 or receives combustion by-products shredded by the rotary drive plate 13, and these combustion by-products receive the bottom plate 19. It is carried out to the outside through the discharge pipe 20 installed through and the discharge blower 38 installed in the discharge pipe (20). That is, the exhaust blower 38 sucks the final by-products accumulated on the bottom plate 19 through the discharge pipe 20 at a negative pressure and discharges them to the outside. At this time, the bottom plate 19 of the combustion furnace 7 is preferably vibrable so that the final by-products are effectively sucked into the discharge pipe 20. Since the detailed configuration for vibrating the bottom plate 19 mechanically can be implemented by conventional techniques, detailed description thereof will be omitted. On the other hand, the final by-products such as ash discharged through the discharge pipe 20 can be used as a raw material of potassium fertilizer or other chemical products, depending on its composition.

On the other hand, it is preferable to provide a dust cleaning tank 41 in order to minimize the air pollution by the combustion gas discharge. The dust washing tank 41 accommodates water therein and allows the end of the exhaust pipe 34 to be submerged in this water. In this case, since the exhaust pressure of the combustion gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 34 must be high, the exhaust pump 37 is preferably provided in the exhaust pipe 34. Then, the combustion gas exhausted through the exhaust pipe 34 passes through the water, and dust and other water-soluble toxic substances are contained by the water. A sedimentation tank 45 is provided separately from the dust washing tank 41 for continuous use to move the water contained in the dust washing tank 41 to the settling tank 45 through the connecting pipe 43, and then fixed in the settling tank 45. Stay for a while to allow the various contaminants in the water to settle. When the precipitation is completed, the water is returned to the dust cleaning tank 41 by the return pump 42 again. Part of the contaminants precipitate in the dust washing tank 41, and is sent to the discharge pipe 20 together with the contaminants precipitated in the settling tank (45). The pollutant discharge valve 44 is a valve for controlling such a process. Water consumed in the dust washing tank 41 is replenished from the water supply pipe 40 through the water filling valve 39.

One embodiment of the present invention described above and shown in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a biomass power generation device according to the present invention.

Claims (20)

Raw material supply unit for transferring the biomass, A combustion furnace for burning the biomass transferred from the raw material supply unit; A fountain pipe for injecting water into the combustion furnace; A heat exchanger circulating therein and disposed at an upper portion of the combustion furnace to exchange heat with the interior of the combustion furnace; A power generation unit for receiving electricity heated from the heat exchange unit to generate electricity; Including the exhaust pipe to exhaust the combustion gas by communicating with the outside of the combustion furnace, The raw material supply unit, An injection nozzle installed through the bottom plate of the combustion furnace, A hollow supply pipe communicating with the injection nozzle, A spiral feed feeder rotatably coupled to the inside of the supply pipe, The combustion furnace includes a primary combustion chamber located at a lower part and receiving biomass through the input nozzle for combustion, and a secondary combustion chamber located at an upper part and the heat exchange part disposed therein. The exhaust pipe is in communication with the secondary combustion chamber at a point higher than the heat exchanger at the upper end of the secondary combustion chamber, A first blower for supplying air to the injection nozzle; It further includes a thermal water jacket that is housed in the water and is disposed above the exhaust pipe in the combustion chamber to exchange heat with the combustion gas exhausted through the exhaust pipe, The thermal water jacket, And a biomass power generation device extending to surround the exhaust pipe. delete The method of claim 1, The supply pipe is formed with an injection hole to penetrate the pipe wall on one side, And a conveyor belt installed to transfer the biomass to drop at a position corresponding to the input hole of the supply pipe. The method of claim 1, Further comprising a rotary drive plate spaced apart from the bottom plate in the lower portion of the combustion furnace rotatably and a through hole formed in the vertical direction, And a great bar formed to protrude from an upper surface of the rotary drive plate. delete delete The biomass power generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second blower for supplying air to the primary combustion chamber. The method of claim 1, And a partition wall disposed between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber so as to reduce an inner diameter of the combustion furnace. delete delete The biomass power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fountain pipe injects water in the thermal water jacket. The biomass power generation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water heated in the thermal water jacket is supplied to the heat exchange unit. The method of claim 1, And a combustion table installed at the combustion furnace side open end of the injection nozzle to support the biomass supplied from the injection nozzle. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange unit, It includes an endothermic water jacket filled with water, And the endothermic water jacket includes a steam jacket having a combustion gas passage formed therethrough and a heat absorbing tube extending downward from the steam jacket in a columnar shape. The method of claim 14, wherein the endothermic water jacket, Biomass power generation apparatus characterized in that it extends to surround the side of the combustion furnace. The method of claim 14, wherein the power generation unit, And a steam turbine generator for rotating the turbine by receiving the steam generated from the endothermic water jacket. The method of claim 1, And a dust cleaning tank for accommodating the end of the exhaust pipe in the water contained therein. 18. The method of claim 17, The biomass power generation apparatus, further comprising a settling tank in communication with the dust washing tank to remove foreign substances contained in the water contained in the dust washing tank. The method of claim 1, An exhaust pipe installed through the bottom plate of the combustion furnace, And a discharge blower connected to the discharge pipe. 20. The method of claim 19, The bottom plate of the combustion furnace is characterized in that the vibrating biomass power generation device.

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