KR101171371B1 - Controller for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

In an elevator provided with a gear-type hoist which transmits the driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear, the elevator control apparatus which can perform optimal drive control of a car according to a motor characteristic and a gear characteristic is obtained.

An elevator control apparatus having a gear-type hoist that transmits a driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear, comprising: a car for elevating the inside of an elevator hoistway, a car load detecting means for detecting a load acting on the car; On the basis of the results of the driving direction detecting means for detecting the direction and the results of the car load detecting means and the moving direction detecting means, the upper limit speed of the car is determined in accordance with the motor characteristics during the operation, and the gear of the gear type hoisting machine during the braking operation. Speed determination means for determining the upper limit speed of the car in accordance with the characteristics is provided.

Hoist, elevator, gear

Description

Elevator control device {CONTROLLER FOR ELEVATOR}

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram of the control apparatus of the elevator in Embodiment 1 of this invention.

It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the speed determination means in Embodiment 1 of this invention.

It is a figure which shows the speed pattern of the car in Embodiment 1 of this invention.

It is a figure which shows the upper limit speed of the car resulting from the electric device in a movable operation.

It is a figure which shows the upper limit speed of the car resulting from the thermal characteristic of the gear in braking operation.

It is a figure which shows the upper limit speed of the car in a movable operation and a braking operation.

It is a block diagram of the control apparatus of the elevator in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

It is a figure which shows the speed of the car in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

[Description of Symbols]

1 car 2 counterweight

3 main rope 4 driven sheave

5 motors and 6 inverters

7 gear 8 driving direction detection means

9 Car load detection means 10 Motor load calculation means

11 Speed determining means 12 Speed pattern generating means

13 gear temperature detecting means 14 gear temperature determining means

 The present invention relates to a control apparatus for an elevator provided with a gear type hoist which transmits a driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear.

The conventional elevator control apparatus includes a car load detection means for measuring the weight of a car as a load of a car, a next stop floor setting means for setting a next stop floor, a car load obtained by the car load detection means, and the next According to the car movement distance obtained by the stationary floor setting means, by changing the maximum speed or acceleration of the car within the driving range allowable by the motor of the hoisting machine, the driving time of the car can be shortened to improve the operating efficiency of the elevator. It is proposed to make it (for example, refer patent document 1).

[Patent Document 1]

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-238037

In the elevator control apparatus described in Patent Literature 1, the maximum speed and acceleration of the car were set within the allowable driving range of the hoisting motor so that the car could reach the registered next stop layer in the shortest time. However, if the elevator is equipped with a gear-type hoist which transmits the driving force of the motor to the drive sheave through the gear, the desired speed or acceleration can be obtained depending on the gear characteristics, even in the control of the motor characteristics, especially during braking operation. There was a problem. Further, by continuing the operation control based on the characteristics of the motor, excessive burden is applied to the gear of the gear type hoist, and conversely, the operation efficiency deteriorates or the life of the gear type hoist also decreases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an elevator having a gear-type hoist which transmits a driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear. It is to provide an elevator control device that can perform optimal driving control.

An elevator control apparatus according to the present invention is a control apparatus for an elevator provided with a gear-type hoist that transmits a driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear, wherein the car for elevating the inside of the elevator hoistway and the load acting on the car are detected. On the basis of the detection results of the car load detecting means, the driving direction detecting means for detecting the driving direction of the car, and the car load detecting means and the driving direction detecting means, the upper limit speed of the car is determined in accordance with the motor characteristics during the operation. In addition, at the time of a braking operation, it is provided with the speed determination means which determines the upper limit speed of a car according to the gear characteristic of a gear type hoist.

In order to describe the present invention in more detail, it will be described according to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or corresponding part, and the overlapping description about this is suitably simplified or abbreviate | omitted.

Embodiment 1

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram of the elevator braking apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. In Fig. 1, 1 is a car that elevates the inside of an elevator hoistway, 2 is a counterweight that elevates the inside of an elevator hoistway in a reverse direction to car 1, and the weight of the entire counterweight is a car in which half the passengers of the garden boarded. The condition, i.e., the load of half of the rated load is pre-adjusted to be almost equal to the weight of the whole car 1 while acting on the car 1. In addition, 3 is connected to the car 1 and counterweight 2, the main rope connecting the car 1 and the counterweight 2 in a circumferential style, 4 is the main rope 3 is wound around the rope groove formed on the outer circumferential surface, in conjunction with the rotation of the car The drive sheave of the gear type hoist which raises and lowers the counterweight 2, 5 is a gear type hoist consisting of a motor driven and driven by an inverter 6, 7 is a worm gear or the like which transmits the driving force of the motor 5 to the drive sheave 4 or the like. Of gears. That is, the gear type hoist provided in the elevator is comprised so that the driving force of the motor 5 may be transmitted to the drive sheave 4 via the gear 7.

And 8 is a driving direction detecting means for detecting the driving direction of the car 1, 9 is a car load detecting means for detecting a load acting on the car 1 from a loading load or the like in the car 1, 10 Is motor load calculating means for calculating a load acting on the motor 5 based on the detection result of the driving direction detecting means 8 and the detection result of the car load detecting means 9. The motor load calculating means 10 calculates the load ratio of the car 1 based on the load information of the car 1 input from the car load detecting means 9 and the rated load information of the car 1 registered in advance. Based on the driving direction information input from the driving direction detecting means 8, the load acting on the motor 5 is calculated. Here, the said load ratio means the ratio with respect to the rated load of the loading load which acts on car 1. 0% is the state in which nothing is loaded in the car 1, and 100% is the state in which the rated load is applied to the car 1.

In addition, 11 is based on the motor load information input from the motor load calculating means 10, and determines the upper limit speed of the car 1 in accordance with the characteristics of the motor 5 during the operation operation, and the gear 7 of the gear-type hoisting machine during the braking operation. It is a speed determination means for determining the upper limit speed of the car 1 according to the characteristic. Here, the operation operation refers to a case where the energy supplied from the power source is supplied from the power supply side to the car 1 side through the inverter 6, the motor 5, and the like, specifically, when the weight of the car 1 is heavier than the weight of the counterweight 2 The rising operation of the car 1 in the case, and the falling operation of the car 1 in the case where the weight of the car 1 is lighter than the weight of the counterweight 2 are applicable. In addition, the braking operation refers to a case in which energy generated by raising and lowering of the car 1 is supplied from the car 1 to the power supply side through the motor 5, the inverter 6, and the like, specifically, the weight of the car 1 is greater than the weight of the counterweight 2. The falling operation of the car 1 in the heavy case and the raising operation of the car 1 in the case where the weight of the car 1 is lighter than the weight of the counterweight 2 are applicable.

Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the speed determining means 11 in the first embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 2, the upper limit speed of the car 1 in the driving operation is based on the characteristics of the motor 5, for example, the electrically acceptable driving range of the motor 5, and the upper limit speed of the car 1 in the braking operation. Is set on the basis of the characteristics of the gear 7 of the gear type hoist, for example, the thermally acceptable operating range of the gear 7. In addition, in FIG. 2, the case where the upper limit speed of the car 1 when the rated load of the car 1 acts is set to 60 m / min in both a driving operation and a braking operation is shown. The upper limit speed setting of the related car 1 will be described later.

For example, when the load ratio of the car 1 input from the motor load calculating means 10 is 80% and the driving direction information is the up operation (UP), that is, in the case of the movable operation with the load ratio 80% (at 50% of the load ratio). The upper limit speed of the car 1 is determined to be 75 m / min by the speed determination means 11, and is output as the speed information of the car 1). In addition, when the load ratio of the car 1 input from the motor load calculating means 10 is 95% and the driving direction information is the falling operation (DN), that is, in the case of the braking operation with the load ratio 95%, the upper limit speed of the car 1 is It is determined at 60 m / min and is output as the speed information of the car 1.

12 in FIG. 1 is speed pattern generating means for generating a speed pattern for controlling the inverter 6 on the basis of the speed information of the car 1 input from the speed determining means 11 and the like. The configuration of the speed pattern generating means 12 may be anything as long as it can generate an appropriate speed pattern for each speed information input from the speed determining means 11. For example, speed information input from the speed determining means 11, load ratio information input from the motor load calculating means 10, destination floor information input from a destination floor registration apparatus (not shown), and a car position indicating the current position of the car 1. The acceleration and the maximum lift speed of the car 1 may be determined based on the information, and the speed pattern may be created so that the car 1 arrives at the registered destination floor in the shortest time.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a speed pattern created based on the upper limit speed of car 1 shown in FIG. 2. In Fig. 3, P1 to P3 are speed patterns for different load ratios created when moving up and down the same path. In the speed patterns P1 to P3 shown in FIG. 3, acceleration and deceleration are set to constant values for simplicity of illustration.

Hereinafter, the upper limit speed of the car 1 set by the said speed determination means 11 is demonstrated in detail.

In Fig. 1, when the speed of car 1 is V, the weight of car 1 is M, and the weight of counterweight 2 is m, the energy Pm accompanying the lifting of car 1 is calculated by the following equation. Omit the coefficients.)

[Formula 1]

Pm = V ㆍ (M-m)

In operation, the car 1 is supplied with energy of Pm from the power supply side. In addition, loss of energy in proportion to the energy Pm supplied to the car 1 occurs in the electric wires from the power source to the inverter 6, the inverter 6, the motor 5, the gear 7 and the like. Here, when the loading load of the car 1 decreases and the weight M of the car 1 decreases from the weight M ₀ at the rated load action to M ', if the speed V of the car 1 remains at the rated speed V ₀ , the value of Pm Of course becomes smaller. That is, the energy supplied to the wires, the inverter 6, the motor 5, the gear 7, and the like also decreases. As a result, the electrical performance of each electric device such as the motor 5, that is, there is a margin in operating ability, the speed V of the car 1, the value of Pm is the weight M ₀ and the rated speed of the car 1 when the rated load is applied. It can be raised until it is equal to the value calculated at V ₀ . If the speed of car 1 at this time is V ', the following equation is established.

[Formula 2]

Pm ₀ = V ₀ ㆍ (M ₀ m) = V 'ㆍ (M'-m)

Fig. 4 shows the relationship of the above equation and shows the upper limit speed of the car 1 in accordance with the electrical characteristics of the motor 5 during the operation.

In braking operation, energy is supplied from the car 1 to the power supply via the gear 7 and the motor 5, the inverter 6, and the like. In the gear 7, the motor 5 and the inverter 6, energy is lost as in the operation operation. do. The energy loss that occurs in gear 7 is large compared to the energy loss that occurs in electrical devices such as motor 5, and this tendency is particularly noticeable when gear 7 consists of worm gears. For this reason, even if the same amount of energy as that supplied from the power supply side during the operation operation occurs on the car 1 side during the braking operation, the energy supplied to the electric device such as the motor 5 is passed through the gear 7 having a large energy loss. As a result, the braking operation is smaller than that of the operation operation. That is, in braking operation, even when a rated load is applied to the car 1, electric devices such as the motor 5 have a margin of electrical operation capability. Therefore, if only electric devices, such as the motor 5, are paid attention, the speed of the car 1 can be raised also at the time of braking operation in the case where the rated load acts on the car 1.

On the other hand, the energy loss generated in the gear 7 at the time of braking operation is almost the same value as the energy loss generated in the gear 7 at the time of movable operation. For example, when calculating gear 7 with gear ratio 67: 1, when the energy of car 1 is Pm, the energy loss Lm of gear 7 at the time of driving operation, and the energy loss Lb of gear 7 at the time of braking operation are calculated. Are respectively calculated by the following formula.

[Equation 3]

Lm = Pm / η-Pm. (1-η) / η

Lb = Pm-γ Pm = Pm (1-γ)

Here, eta represents the efficiency (gear efficiency) of the gear 7 at the time of movable operation, and (gamma) represents the efficiency (gear efficiency at the time of braking) of the gear 7 at the time of braking operation. Regarding the operation efficiency η and the braking efficiency γ in the case of the gear ratio 67: 1, there is data of γ = 0.39 for η = 0.63. Here, by substituting the above value into Equation 3, the energy loss Lb = 0.61Pm at the time of braking operation is obtained with respect to the energy loss Lm = 0.59Pm at the time of operating operation.

As described above, since the energy loss generated in the gear 7 exhibits almost the same value in the operation operation and the braking operation, the heat generation accompanying the energy loss also occurs almost equally in the operation operation and the braking operation. Usually, the operation capability of the gear 7 is limited by the temperature characteristic rather than the mechanical strength of each gear which comprises the gear 7. Therefore, during braking operation, even if there is a margin in the electrical operation capability of the electric device such as the motor 5, the operation ability of the gear 7 is limited by the heat generation accompanied by energy loss, thereby increasing the performance of the car 1 beyond the operation capability of the gear 7. You can't speed it up.

In addition, when the loading load of the car 1 decreases during braking operation and the weight M of the car 1 decreases from the weight M ₀ at the rated load action to M ', if the speed V of the car 1 remains at the rated speed V ₀ , The calorific value generated in the gear 7 naturally becomes small and raises the speed V of the car 1 until the value of Pm is equal to the value calculated at the weight M ₀ of the car 1 and the rated speed V ₀ at the rated load. It becomes possible. If the speed of car 1 at this time is V ', the following equation is established.

[Formula 4]

Pm ₀ = V ₀ ㆍ (M ₀ m) = V 'ㆍ (M'-m)

Fig. 5 shows the relationship of the above equation and shows the upper limit speed of the car 1 according to the temperature characteristic of the gear 7 during braking operation.

4 and 5, the upper limit speed of the car 1 according to the characteristics of the motor 5 and the gear 7 is unlimited in the balance state (M = m) where the weight M of the car 1 and the weight m of the counterweight 2 are the same. Although shown to increase, in actual operation, there is a certain upper limit speed due to other constraints such as safety devices. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the upper limit speed of the car 1 at the time of movable operation and braking operation in consideration of the restrictions of the safety device and the like. 6, the upper limit speed based on the electrical characteristic of the electric device, especially the motor 5 at the time of movable operation, is lower than the upper limit speed based on the thermal characteristic of the gear 7. FIG. For this reason, the upper limit speed of the car 1 set by the speed determination means 11 is mainly determined by the electrical characteristics of the motor 5. In addition, even at the time of movable operation, in the vicinity of the balanced state of M = m, an upper limit speed is determined based on constraints, such as a safety device. On the other hand, in braking operation, the upper limit speed based on the thermal characteristics of the gear 7 is significantly lower than the upper limit speed based on the electrical characteristics of the motor 5. For this reason, the upper limit speed of the car 1 set by the speed determination means 11 is mainly determined by the thermal characteristic of the gear 7. As shown in FIG. Also in the braking operation, the upper limit speed is determined based on constraints such as a safety device in the vicinity of the balance state of M = m.

According to Embodiment 1 of this invention, since the upper limit speed of the car 1 is determined according to the characteristic of the motor 5 at the time of a movable operation, and the characteristic of the gear 7 at the time of a braking operation, when forming a speed pattern, In addition, the optimum driving control of the car 1 can be performed to improve the driving efficiency of the elevator. That is, it is possible to prevent an excessive burden on the gear 7 during operation of the elevator to deteriorate the driving efficiency or to reduce the life of the gear type hoist due to excessive heat generated in the gear 7.

Embodiment 2

It is a block diagram of the control apparatus of the elevator in Embodiment 2 of this invention. In Fig. 7, 13 is a gear temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the gear 7 of the gear hoist, and 14 is a gear for determining whether or not the temperature of the gear 7 detected by the gear temperature detecting means 13 exceeds a predetermined value. Temperature determination means. The gear temperature detecting means 13 may directly detect the temperature of the gear 7 or indirectly detect the temperature of the gear 7 based on the temperature of the gear oil or the like used for the gear 7. The rest of the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.

The operation of the elevator control apparatus having the above configuration will be described below.

Similar to the first embodiment, the motor load calculating means 10 detects a load acting on the motor 5 based on the detection result of the driving direction detecting means 8 and the detection result of the car load detecting means 9. In addition, the speed determining means 11 determines the upper limit speed of the car 1 in accordance with the characteristics of the motor 5 at the time of operation on the basis of the motor load information input from the motor load calculating means 10 and the determination result of the gear temperature determination means 14. In the braking operation, the upper limit speed of the car 1 is determined according to the characteristics of the gear 7 of the gear type hoist.

8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the speed determining means 11 in the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 8, the upper limit speed of the car 1 at the time of an operation operation is set according to the characteristic of the motor 5 based on the calculation result of the motor load calculating means 10 similarly to Embodiment 1. In FIG. On the other hand, the upper limit speed of the car 1 at the time of control operation is set according to the characteristic of the gear 7 based on the determination result of the gear temperature determination means 14, and the calculation result of the motor load calculation means 10. FIG. That is, when it is determined by the gear temperature determining means 14 that the temperature of the gear 7 of the gear-type hoisting machine does not exceed a predetermined value during braking operation, the speed determining means 11 is thermally applied to the gear 7 as in the first embodiment. Determine the upper limit speed of the set car 1 based on the allowable operating range.

On the other hand, when it determines with the gear temperature determination means 14 that the temperature of the gear 7 of the gear type hoist exceeded a predetermined value at the time of braking operation, the speed determination means 11 is based on the gear temperature determination means 14 of the gear type hoist. The upper limit speed suppressed below the upper limit speed of the car 1 in the case where it is determined that the temperature of the gear 7 did not exceed predetermined value is determined. That is, when the temperature of the gear 7 exceeds the predetermined value during braking operation, the upper limit speed of the car 1 is suppressed from the upper limit speed in the normal operation, thereby suppressing heat generated in the gear 7 and deteriorating elevator operation efficiency. And it is comprised so that the lifetime deterioration of a gear type hoist may be prevented beforehand. In addition, others have the same operation and effect as the first embodiment.

The present invention is a control device of an elevator provided with a drive type hoist which transmits a driving force of a motor to a drive sheave through a gear, comprising: a car for elevating an elevator in a hoistway and a car load detection for detecting a load acting on the car. The upper limit speed of the car is determined in accordance with the motor characteristics during the driving operation based on the detection result of the means, the driving direction detecting means for detecting the driving direction of the car, the car load detecting means and the driving direction detecting means, and the braking operation In the case of an elevator provided with a gear type hoist which transmits the driving force of a motor to a drive sieve through a gear, it is set as the structure provided with the speed determination means which determines the upper limit speed of a car according to the gear characteristic of a gear type hoist. Optimal driving control of the car can be performed according to the characteristics and the gear characteristics.

Claims (15)

In the elevator control device having a gear-type hoist for transmitting the driving force of the motor to the drive sheave through the gear, Kawa who goes up and down inside elevator hoistway, Car load detection means for detecting a load acting on the car; Driving direction detecting means for detecting a driving direction of the car; On the basis of the detection results of the car load detecting means and the driving direction detecting means, the upper limit speed of the car is determined in accordance with the motor characteristics during the operation, and in accordance with the gear characteristics of the gear type hoist in the braking operation. Speed determining means for determining an upper limit speed of the car, Elevator control device comprising a. The method according to claim 1, The upper limit speed at the time of braking operation determined by the speed determination means is set based on the temperature characteristic of the gear of a gear type hoist. In the elevator control device having a gear-type hoist for transmitting the driving force of the motor to the drive sheave through the gear, Kawa who goes up and down inside elevator hoistway, Car load detection means for detecting a load acting on the car; Driving direction detecting means for detecting a driving direction of the car, gear temperature determining means for detecting a temperature of the gear of the gear hoist and determining whether the temperature of the gear exceeds a predetermined value; On the basis of the detection results of the car load detecting means and the driving direction detecting means and the determination result of the gear temperature determining means, the upper limit speed of the car is determined at the time of movable operation in accordance with the motor characteristics, and at the time of braking operation. Speed determining means for determining an upper limit speed of the car according to the gear characteristic of the gear type hoist; Elevator control device comprising a. The method of claim 3, The speed determining means determines the upper limit speed of the car in accordance with the motor characteristics on the basis of the detection results of the car load detecting means and the driving direction detecting means during the operation, and during the braking operation, the car load detecting means and the The upper limit speed of the car is determined according to the gear characteristics of the gear type hoist based on the detection result of the driving direction detecting means and the determination result of the gear temperature determining means. The method according to claim 3 or 4, The upper limit speed at the time of braking operation determined by the speed determination means is set based on the temperature characteristic of the gear of the gear type hoist. The method according to claim 3 or 4, When it is determined by the gear temperature determining means that the gear temperature of the gear type hoist has exceeded a predetermined value, the speed determining means sets the upper limit speed of the car at the time of braking operation by the gear temperature determining means at the time of braking operation. An elevator control apparatus, which is suppressed at or below an upper limit speed of the car in the case where it is determined that the temperature of the gear of the expression winding machine does not exceed a predetermined value. The method of claim 5, When the speed determining means determines that the temperature of the gear of the gear-type hoisting machine exceeds a predetermined value by the gear temperature determining means, the upper limit speed of the car at the time of braking operation is determined by the gear temperature determining means at the time of braking operation. An elevator control apparatus, which is suppressed at or below the upper limit speed of the car in the case where it is determined that the temperature of the gear of the gear type hoist has not exceeded a predetermined value. The method according to claim 3 or 4, The gear temperature determination means detects the temperature of the gear based on the temperature of the gear oil used for the gear of the gear type hoist. The method of claim 5, The gear temperature determination means detects the temperature of the gear based on the temperature of the gear oil used for the gear of the gear type hoist. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 5, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 6, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 7, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 8, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 9, The gear of a gear type hoist is comprised with the worm gear, The control apparatus of the elevator characterized by the above-mentioned.

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