KR101167148B1 - Boil-off gas reliquefying apparatus - Google Patents

Boil-off gas reliquefying apparatus Download PDF

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KR101167148B1
KR101167148B1 KR1020070038908A KR20070038908A KR101167148B1 KR 101167148 B1 KR101167148 B1 KR 101167148B1 KR 1020070038908 A KR1020070038908 A KR 1020070038908A KR 20070038908 A KR20070038908 A KR 20070038908A KR 101167148 B1 KR101167148 B1 KR 101167148B1
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gas
boil
storage tank
heat exchanger
lng storage
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KR1020070038908A
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KR20080031611A (en
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유진열
김현진
박현기
김남수
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신영중공업주식회사
대우조선해양 주식회사
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/16—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven relating to gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은, 증발가스 재액화 장치 및 방법과 이 장치가 장착된 LNG 운반선에 관한 것으로, LNG 저장탱크에서 발생되는 증기 상태의 증발가스의 자체 저온을 이용함으로써 재액화해야 하는 전체적인 부하 및 냉동 시스템의 부하를 증가시키지 않으면서도 증발가스를 예냉할 수 있도록 구성된 증발가스 재액화 장치 및 방법과 이 장치가 장착된 LNG 운반선을 제공하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다.

이를 위해, 본 발명은, LNG 저장탱크에서부터 액화용 열교환기까지 연결된 증발가스 배출라인의 도중에 설치되어 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 압축하여 액화용 열교환기로 보내는 압축부와, 상기 압축부의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인에 설치된 예냉용 열교환기와, 상기 압축부에서 압축된 증발가스가 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스와 열교환하도록 상기 압축부의 출력단에서부터 상기 예냉용 열교환기까지 연결된 압축 증발가스 복귀라인을 포함하는 구성으로 되어 있다.

Figure R1020070038908

압축부, 예냉용 열교환기, 압축 증발가스 복귀라인

The present invention relates to a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus and method, and to an LNG carrier equipped with the device, wherein the overall load and refrigeration system has to be re-liquefied by using its own low temperature of the vaporized boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank. It is an object of the present invention to provide a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus and method configured to pre-cool boil-off gas without increasing the load and an LNG carrier equipped with the boil-off gas.

To this end, the present invention is installed in the middle of the boil-off gas discharge line connected from the LNG storage tank to the heat exchanger for liquefaction, the compression unit for compressing the boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank and sent to the liquefaction heat exchanger, and the front end of the compression unit A pre-cooling heat exchanger installed at an evaporation gas discharge line of the compressed evaporation gas return line connected from an output end of the compression unit to the pre-cooling heat exchanger to exchange heat with the evaporation gas generated in the LNG storage tank. It is comprised to include.

Figure R1020070038908

Compression part, precooling heat exchanger, compressed boil-off gas return line

Description

증발가스 재액화 장치{BOIL-OFF GAS RELIQUEFYING APPARATUS}BOIL-OFF GAS RELIQUEFYING APPARATUS}

도 1은 종래기술에 따른 증발가스 재액화 장치의 개략도이다.1 is a schematic diagram of a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus according to the prior art.

도 2는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 증발가스 재액화 장치의 개략도이다.2 is a schematic diagram of a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

< 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 >Description of the Related Art

1 : LNG 저장탱크 10 : 콜드 박스1 LNG storage tank 10 Cold box

20 : 냉각 장치 130 : 압축부20: cooling device 130: compression part

140 : 예냉용 열교환기 L1 : 증발가스 배출라인140: precooling heat exchanger L1: boil-off gas discharge line

L2 : 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인 L4 : 압축 증발가스 복귀라인L2: Reliquefaction Evaporative Gas Return Line L4: Compressed Evaporative Gas Return Line

본 발명은, 증발가스 재액화 장치 및 방법과 이 장치가 장착된 LNG 운반선에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는, 천연가스를 액체 상태로 저장하는 저장 탱크에서 발생하는 증발 가스를 재액화하기 위한 장치 및 방법과 이 장치가 장착된 LNG 운반선에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for re-liquefying boil-off gas and an LNG carrier equipped with the apparatus, and more particularly, to an apparatus for re-liquefying boil-off gas generated in a storage tank for storing natural gas in a liquid state. A method and an LNG carrier equipped with this apparatus.

일반적으로, 천연가스는 생산지에서 극저온으로 액화된 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, 이하 LNG라 함)의 상태로 만들어진 후 LNG 운반선에 의해 목적지까지 원거리에 걸쳐 수송된다.In general, natural gas is made in the form of liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, hereinafter referred to as LNG) at the production site, and then transported to a destination by an LNG carrier over a long distance.

천연가스의 액화온도는 상압 -163℃의 극저온이므로, LNG는 그 온도가 상압 -163℃ 보다 약간만 높아도 증발된다. LNG 운반선의 LNG 저장탱크의 경우 단열처리가 되어 있기는 하지만, 외부의 열이 LNG에 지속적으로 전달되므로, LNG 운반선에 의해 LNG를 수송하는 도중에 LNG는 저장탱크 내에서 지속적으로 기화하여 증발가스(Boil-Off Gas)가 발생한다.Since the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is a cryogenic temperature of -163 ° C at atmospheric pressure, LNG is evaporated even if the temperature is only slightly higher than -163 ° C. Although LNG storage tanks of LNG carriers are insulated, the external heat is continuously transferred to LNG. During transport of LNG by LNG carriers, LNG continuously vaporizes in the storage tanks to boil off gas. Off Gas) occurs.

재액화 장치가 설치된 LNG 운반선에서는, LNG 저장탱크 내에서 발생된 증발가스가 증발가스 재액화 장치에 의해 재액화되어 다시 LNG 저장탱크로 돌려보냄으로써 저장탱크 압력을 안전한 상태로 유지하게 된다. 그러나 이와 같은 증발가스 처리 시스템에 문제가 발생하게 될 경우, LNG 저장탱크의 압력이 상승하게 되고, 결국 설정된 안전압력 이상이 되면, 증발가스는 안전밸브를 통하여 LNG 저장탱크의 외부로 방출하게 된다.In an LNG carrier equipped with a reliquefaction apparatus, the evaporated gas generated in the LNG storage tank is reliquefied by the evaporative gas reliquefaction apparatus and returned to the LNG storage tank to maintain the storage tank pressure in a safe state. However, when a problem occurs in the boil-off gas treatment system, the pressure of the LNG storage tank rises, and when the pressure exceeds the set safety pressure, the boil-off gas is discharged to the outside of the LNG storage tank through the safety valve.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 이러한 증발가스 재액화 장치는 콜드 박스(cold box, 10)를 포함하며, LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 배출라인(L1)을 통해 콜드 박스(10)를 거치면서 재액화된다. 콜드 박스(10)는 액화용 열교환기(11)와 이 액화용 열교환기(11)의 후단에 기액분리기(13)를 포함한다. 액화용 열교환기(11)에는 질소(N2) 등의 냉매를 압축 및 팽창시키는 냉각 장치(20)가 연결되어 있다. 냉각 장치(20)는 3개의 압축기(21a)와 3개의 중간냉각기(21b)로 이루어진 다단 압축기(21)와 팽창기(23)를 포함하는 것으로 예시되어 있다. 증발가스는 액화용 열교환기(11)를 거치면서 냉각 및 응축되고 기액분리기(13)를 통하면서 재액화된 후 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인(L2)을 통해 LNG 저장탱크(1)로 다시 보내진다.As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus for re-liquefying boil-off gas includes a cold box 10, and the boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1 is cold-box through the boil-off gas discharge line L1. Reliquefaction is carried out through (10). The cold box 10 includes a liquefaction heat exchanger 11 and a gas-liquid separator 13 at the rear end of the liquefaction heat exchanger 11. The liquefaction heat exchanger 11 is connected with a cooling device 20 for compressing and expanding a refrigerant such as nitrogen (N 2 ). The cooling device 20 is illustrated as including a multistage compressor 21 and an expander 23 consisting of three compressors 21a and three intermediate coolers 21b. The boil-off gas is cooled and condensed through the liquefied heat exchanger (11), re-liquefied through the gas-liquid separator (13), and then sent back to the LNG storage tank (1) through the re-liquefied boil-off gas return line (L2). .

또한, 액화용 열교환기(11)에서의 증발가스 재액화의 안정성 및 효율성 향상을 위해, 액화용 열교환기(11)의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인(L1)에 압축부(30)를 마련하여 증발가스가 액화용 열교환기(11)로 보내지기 전에 증발가스를 고압으로 압축하여 보내는 방법이 사용되었다. 압축부(30)는 2개의 압축기(31)를 포함하는 것으로 예시되어 있다.In addition, in order to improve the stability and efficiency of the re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas in the liquefaction heat exchanger (11), the compression unit 30 is provided in the boil-off gas discharge line (L1) of the front end of the liquefaction heat exchanger (11) to evaporate Before the gas is sent to the liquefaction heat exchanger (11), a method of compressing and sending the boil-off gas at high pressure was used. The compression section 30 is illustrated as including two compressors 31.

그런데, 이러한 방법에서는 증발가스의 압축시 온도 또한 함께 상승되므로 냉각 장치(20)에서의 냉동부하를 감소시켜 주기 위해서는 증발가스를 액화용 열교환기(11)로 유입시키기 전에 냉각수단을 이용하여 증발가스의 온도를 적정온도까지 냉각시켜야만 한다.However, in this method, since the temperature during compression of the boil-off gas is also increased, in order to reduce the freezing load in the cooling device 20, the boil-off gas is used by the cooling means before introducing the boil-off gas into the liquefied heat exchanger 11. The temperature must be cooled to an appropriate temperature.

종래에는, 증발가스를 액화용 열교환기(11)로 유입시키기 전에 냉각시키기 위해, 즉 증발가스를 예냉하기 위해, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 압축부(30)의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인(L1)에 예냉 용기(40)를 설치하고, 액화용 열교환기(11) 및 기액분리기(13)를 거치면서 재액화된 증발가스의 일부를 LNG 저장탱크(1)로 보내지 않고 LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 발생되어 압축부(30)로 유입되는 증기 상태의 증발가스와 혼합되게 하여 예냉 용기(40)에서 압축부(30)로 유입되는 증기 상태의 증발가 스의 온도를 냉각시키는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인(L2)의 도중에 증발가스 배출라인(L1)에 연결되는 분기라인(L3)이 설치되고, 이 분기라인(L3)과 증발가스 배출라인(L1)이 교차하는 부분에는 혼합기(50)가 설치되어 있다. 도시하지는 않았지만, 증발가스 배출라인(L1), 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인(L2) 및 분기라인(L3)의 도중에는 이송 펌프가 설치됨을 알 수 있을 것이다. 여기에서, LNG 저장탱크(1) 상부에서부터 액화용 열교환기(11) 까지 연결되어 그 내부에 증기화된 증발가스가 흐르도록 구성된 라인을 증발가스 배출라인이라고 하고, 액화용 열교환기(11)에서부터 LNG 저장탱크(1) 하부까지 연결되어 그 내부에 재액화된 증발가스가 흐르도록 구성된 라인을 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인이라고 하기로 한다.Conventionally, in order to cool the boil-off gas before it flows into the liquefied heat exchanger 11, that is, to pre-cool the boil-off gas, as shown in FIG. 1, the boil-off gas discharge line at the front end of the compression unit 30 ( The pre-cooling vessel 40 is installed in the L1), and the LNG storage tank 1 is not sent to the LNG storage tank 1 without passing a part of the re-liquefied boil-off gas through the liquefaction heat exchanger 11 and the gas-liquid separator 13. And vaporized gas evaporated from the pre-cooling vessel 40 into the compression section 30 to cool the temperature of the gas. . A branch line L3 connected to the boil-off gas discharge line L1 is installed in the middle of the reliquefaction boil-off gas return line L2, and a mixer is provided at the intersection of the branch line L3 and the boil-off gas discharge line L1. 50 is provided. Although not shown, it will be appreciated that a transfer pump is installed in the middle of the boil-off gas discharge line L1, the re-liquefied boil-off gas return line L2, and the branch line L3. Here, a line connected to the liquefied heat exchanger 11 from the upper portion of the LNG storage tank 1 and configured to allow vaporized evaporated gas to flow therein is called an evaporated gas discharge line, and from the liquefied heat exchanger 11 A line connected to the lower portion of the LNG storage tank 1 and configured to flow the reliquefied boil-off gas therein will be referred to as a reliquefaction boil-off gas return line.

그러나, 이렇게 증기 상태의 증발가스와 응축된 증발가스가 혼합되면, 재액화해야 하는 전체적인 부하가 증가하므로 냉각 장치의 부하가 증가하고 전력 소모량 또한 증가하는 문제가 있다.However, when the vaporized evaporated gas and the condensed evaporated gas are mixed, the overall load to be reliquefied increases, so that the load of the cooling device increases and power consumption also increases.

한편, 국제특허 공개공보 제 WO 2006/098630 호는 냉각 장치의 냉매를 이용하여 증기 상태의 증발가스를 예냉하는 방법을 개시하고 있다. 그러나, 이 또한 이렇게 증기 상태의 증발가스와 냉각된 냉매가 열교환되면, 냉매를 냉각시켜야 하는 부하가 증가하므로 냉각 장치의 부하가 증가하고 전력 소모량 또한 증가하는 문제가 있다.On the other hand, International Patent Publication No. WO 2006/098630 discloses a method of precooling a vaporized evaporated gas using a refrigerant of a cooling device. However, when the vaporized evaporated gas and the cooled refrigerant are heat-exchanged, however, the load to cool the refrigerant increases, so that the load of the cooling device increases and power consumption also increases.

따라서, 본 발명은, 이러한 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, LNG 저장탱크에서 발생되는 증기 상태의 증발가스의 자체 저온을 이용함으로써 재액화해야 하는 전체적인 부하 및 냉각 장치의 부하를 증가시키지 않으면서도 증발가스를 예냉할 수 있도록 구성된 증발가스 재액화 장치 및 방법과 이 장치가 장착된 LNG 운반선을 제공하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다.Therefore, the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, without increasing the overall load and cooling device load that must be reliquefied by using its own low temperature of the vaporized evaporated gas generated in the LNG storage tank. It is an object of the present invention to provide a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus and method configured to pre-cool boil-off gas and an LNG carrier equipped with the boil-off gas.

전술한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 본 발명의 증발가스 재액화 장치는, LNG 저장탱크에서부터 액화용 열교환기까지 연결된 증발가스 배출라인의 도중에 설치되어 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 압축하여 액화용 열교환기로 보내는 압축부와, 상기 압축부의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인에 설치된 예냉용 열교환기와, 상기 압축부에서 압축된 증발가스가 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스와 열교환하도록 상기 압축부의 출력단에서부터 상기 예냉용 열교환기까지 연결된 압축 증발가스 복귀라인을 포함하는 구성으로 되어 있다.In order to achieve the above object, the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus of the present invention is installed in the middle of the boil-off gas discharge line connected from the LNG storage tank to the liquefaction heat exchanger for compressing the boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank for liquefaction A pre-cooling heat exchanger installed in the compression section to be sent to the heat exchanger, an evaporation gas discharge line in front of the compression section, and the pre-cooling unit from the output end of the compression section to exchange heat with the evaporation gas generated in the LNG storage tank. It is configured to include a compressed boil-off gas return line connected to the heat exchanger.

또한, 본 발명의 증발가스 재액화 방법은, LNG 저장탱크에서 발생하는 저압 저온의 증발가스를 압축하는 단계와, 상기 압축 단계에서 압축된 고압 고온의 증발가스를 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 배출되는 저압 저온의 증발가스와 열교환시켜서 냉각시키는 단계를 포함하는 구성으로 되어 있다.In addition, the method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas of the present invention comprises the steps of: compressing low-pressure low-temperature evaporated gas generated in the LNG storage tank, and low-pressure low-temperature discharged from the LNG storage tank the high-pressure high-temperature boil-off gas compressed in the compression step It is configured to include the step of cooling by heat exchange with the boil-off gas.

또한, 본 발명의 LNG 운반선은 전술한 증발가스 재액화 장치를 장착한 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the LNG carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the above-described boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus is mounted.

이하에서는 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 대한 바람직한 실시예를 상세하게 설명한다. 본 발명의 실시예에서 종래기술의 구성요소들과 동일한 구성요소에 대해서는 종래기술과 동일한 부재번호를 사용하기로 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the present invention for the same components as those of the prior art will use the same reference numerals as the prior art.

도 2는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 증발가스 재액화 장치의 개략적인 구성도이다. 본 실시예에서 콜드 박스(10)와 냉각 장치(20)의 구성은 종래 기술과 동일하다. 이러한 증발가스 재액화 장치는 콜드 박스(cold box, 10)를 포함하며, LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 콜드 박스(10)를 거치면서 재액화된다. 따라서, LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 배출된 증발가스는 증발가스 배출라인(L1)을 통해 콜드 박스(10)를 거치면서 재액화된다. 콜드 박스(10)는 액화용 열교환기(11)와 이 액화용 열교환기(11)의 후단에 기액분리기(13)를 포함한다. 액화용 열교환기(11)에는 질소(N2) 등의 냉매를 압축 및 팽창시키는 냉각 장치(20)가 연결되어 있다. 냉각 장치(20)는 3개의 압축기(21a)와 3개의 중간냉각기(21b)로 이루어진 다단 압축기(21)와 팽창기(23)를 포함하는 것으로 예시되어 있다. 증발가스는 액화용 열교환기(11)를 거치면서 냉각 및 응축되고 기액분리기(13)를 통하면서 재액화된 후 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인(L2)을 경유하여 LNG 저장탱크(1)로 다시 보내진다.2 is a schematic diagram of a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the configurations of the cold box 10 and the cooling device 20 are the same as in the prior art. The boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus includes a cold box (cold box) 10, the boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1 is re-liquefied while passing through the cold box (10). Therefore, the boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1 is liquefied while passing through the cold box 10 through the boil-off gas discharge line L1. The cold box 10 includes a liquefaction heat exchanger 11 and a gas-liquid separator 13 at the rear end of the liquefaction heat exchanger 11. The liquefaction heat exchanger 11 is connected with a cooling device 20 for compressing and expanding a refrigerant such as nitrogen (N 2 ). The cooling device 20 is illustrated as including a multistage compressor 21 and an expander 23 consisting of three compressors 21a and three intermediate coolers 21b. The boil-off gas is cooled and condensed through the liquefied heat exchanger (11), re-liquefied through the gas-liquid separator (13), and then sent back to the LNG storage tank (1) via the re-liquefied boil-off gas return line (L2). Lose.

본 발명의 실시예에 따른 증발가스 재액화 장치는, 압축부(130)와, 예냉용 열교환기(140)와, 압축 증발가스 복귀라인(L4)을 포함한다.Evaporating gas re-liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the compression unit 130, a pre-cooling heat exchanger 140, and a compressed boil-off gas return line (L4).

압축부(130)는 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서부터 액화용 열교환기(11)까지 연결된 증발가스 배출라인(L1)의 도중에 설치되어 있는 것으로서, LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 발생하는 증발가스를 고압으로 압축하여 액화용 열교환기(11)로 보내는 역할을 한다. The compression unit 130 is installed in the middle of the boil-off gas discharge line L1 connected from the LNG storage tank 1 to the liquefied heat exchanger 11, and the boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank 1 at high pressure. Compresses and serves to liquefy heat exchanger (11).

이러한 압축부(130)는 2개의 압축기(131)와 2개의 중간냉각기(133)를 포함하 는 다단 압축기로 구성된 것으로 예시되어 있다.The compression unit 130 is illustrated as being composed of a multi-stage compressor including two compressors 131 and two intermediate coolers 133.

종래기술에서 기술한 바와 같이, 압축된 증발가스는 온도도 함께 상승한다. LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 배출되는 증발가스는 압력이 대략 1.06 기압 정도이며 온도가 대략 -100℃ 정도인데, 압축부(130)를 거친 후 압력이 대략 4.57기압 정도이며 온도가 대략 41℃ 정도로 된다. 이러한 압력과 기압은 LNG 저장탱크(1) 및 증발가스 배출라인(L1)의 단열정도와 압축기 및 중간냉각기의 성능에 따라 가변적임을 알 수 있을 것이다.As described in the prior art, the compressed boil-off gas also rises in temperature. The boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1 has a pressure of about 1.06 atm and a temperature of about -100 ° C., and after passing through the compression unit 130, the pressure is about 4.57 atm and the temperature is about 41 ° C. . This pressure and air pressure will vary depending on the degree of insulation of the LNG storage tank (1) and the boil-off gas discharge line (L1) and the performance of the compressor and the intermediate cooler.

예냉용 열교환기(140)는 압축부(130)의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인(L1)에 설치된 것으로서, 압축부(130)에서 압축되어 온도가 상승된 증발가스의 온도를 낮추기 위한 것이며, 이를 통해 재액화해야 하는 전체적인 부하 및 냉각 장치의 부하를 낮출 수 있다.The pre-cooling heat exchanger 140 is installed in the evaporation gas discharge line (L1) at the front end of the compression unit 130, and is for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the compression unit 130 and the temperature is increased. It is possible to reduce the overall load and cooling device load that need to be reliquefed.

압축 증발가스 복귀라인(L4)은 압축부(130)의 출력단에서부터 예냉용 열교환기(140)까지 연결된 것으로서, 압축부(130)에서 압축된 고온 고압(41℃, 4.57기압) 의 증발가스가 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 발생하는 저온 저압(-100℃, 1.06기압)의 증발가스와 열교환하도록 한다.Compressed boil-off gas return line (L4) is connected to the preheating heat exchanger 140 from the output end of the compression unit 130, the boil-off gas of the high temperature and high pressure (41 ℃, 4.57 atm) compressed by the compression unit 130 is LNG Heat exchange with the low temperature low pressure (-100 ℃, 1.06 atm) of the evaporation gas generated in the storage tank (1).

압축부에서 압축되기 전후의 증발가스의 압력 및 온도와 예냉 수단에 의해 예냉된 후의 증발가스의 압력 및 온도는, 한국 특허등록 제 0356764호, 한국 특허공개 제 2001-88406호, 한국 특허공개 제 2001-60256호, 한국 특허공개 제 2005-94798호, 한국 특허공개 제 2005-94799호 및 국제특허 공개공보 제 WO2001-47761호에 각각 기재되어 있다.The pressure and temperature of the boil-off gas before and after being compressed in the compression section and the pressure and temperature of the boil-off gas after being precooled by the precooling means are Korean Patent Registration No. 0356764, Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-88406, Korean Patent Publication No. 2001 -60256, Korean Patent Publication No. 2005-94798, Korean Patent Publication No. 2005-94799 and International Patent Publication No. WO2001-47761.

본 발명에 따른 증발가스 재액화 장치에 따른 압축 및 예냉 전후의 증발가스의 압력 및 온도를 예시적으로 설명하면 다음과 같다. 이하에서 기재하는 온도, 압력은 하나의 예를 도시하는 것으로 본 발명은 이들의 수치로 한정되는 것은 아니다.When the pressure and temperature of the boil-off gas before and after compression and precooling according to the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus according to the present invention will be described as follows. The temperature and pressure described below show one example, and the present invention is not limited to these numerical values.

압축부(130)의 출력단에서 나오는 약 41℃ 정도의 온도의 압축된 증발가스는, 압축 증발가스 복귀라인(L4)을 통해 예냉용 열교환기(140)로 이송되어서, 예냉용 열교환기(140)에서 LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 배출되는 약 -100℃ 정도의 온도의 증발가스와 열교환하여 약 -88℃ 정도의 온도로 낮추어져서 액화용 열교환기(11)로 이송된다. 이와 동시에, LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 압축부(130)로 공급되는 증발가스는 약 32℃ 정도의 온도로 높아진다.The compressed boil-off gas having a temperature of about 41 ° C. coming from the output end of the compression unit 130 is transferred to the pre-cooling heat exchanger 140 through the compressed boil-off gas return line L4, thereby preheating the heat exchanger 140. Heat exchange with the boil-off gas at a temperature of about -100 ℃ discharged from the LNG storage tank (1) at a temperature of about -88 ℃ to be transferred to the liquefaction heat exchanger (11). At the same time, the boil-off gas supplied from the LNG storage tank 1 to the compression unit 130 is raised to a temperature of about 32 ℃.

이렇게 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 배출되는 저온의 증발가스를 이용하여 압축부(130)에서 압축된 고온의 증발가스의 온도를 적정 온도로 낮추어서 액화용 열교환기(11)로 유입하게 되면, 증발가스 재액화 장치의 전체적인 부하 및 냉각 장치의 부하를 증가시키지 않으면서도 예냉된 증발가스를 액화용 열교환기(11)로 이송할 수 있게 된다.When the temperature of the high-temperature boil-off gas compressed by the compression unit 130 is lowered to an appropriate temperature by using the low-temperature boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1 and then introduced into the liquefaction heat exchanger 11, the boil-off gas The precooled boil-off gas can be transferred to the liquefaction heat exchanger 11 without increasing the overall load of the reliquefaction apparatus and the load of the cooling apparatus.

또한, 본 실시예에서는 LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 압축부(130)로 공급되는 증발가스의 온도가 상승되므로, 압축부(130)에서의 증발가스의 압축이 더욱 용이하게 이루어지게 한다.In addition, in this embodiment, since the temperature of the boil-off gas supplied from the LNG storage tank 1 to the compression unit 130 is increased, the compression of the boil-off gas in the compression unit 130 is made easier.

도시하지는 않았지만, 증발가스 배출라인(L1), 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인(L2) 및 압축 증발가스 복귀라인(L4)의 도중에는 이송 펌프가 설치됨을 알 수 있 을 것이다.Although not shown, it will be appreciated that a transfer pump is installed in the middle of the boil-off gas discharge line L1, the re-liquefied boil-off gas return line L2, and the compressed boil-off gas return line L4.

이상과 같은 증발가스 재액화 장치를 이용하여 증발가스를 재액화하는 방법을 설명하면 다음과 같다. 증발가스 재액화 방법은 압축 단계와, 냉각 단계를 포함한다.Referring to the method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas using the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus as described above are as follows. The boil-off gas reliquefaction method includes a compression step and a cooling step.

압축 단계에서는 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 발생하는 저압 저온의 증발가스를 압축하는데, 2개의 압축기(131)와 2개의 중간냉각기(133)에 의해 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 발생된 증발가스를 반복하여 압축 및 열교환한다.In the compression step, the low pressure low temperature evaporated gas generated in the LNG storage tank 1 is compressed. The evaporated gas generated in the LNG storage tank 1 is repeated by two compressors 131 and two intermediate coolers 133. By compression and heat exchange.

또한, 냉각 단계에서는 압축 단계에서 압축된 고압 고온의 증발가스를 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 배출되는 저압 저온의 증발가스와 열교환시켜서 냉각시킨다.In the cooling step, the high pressure high temperature evaporated gas compressed in the compression step is cooled by heat exchange with the low pressure low temperature evaporated gas discharged from the LNG storage tank 1.

그리고, 냉각 단계 다음에는 증발가스를 응축시켜서 LNG 저장탱크(1)로 복귀시킨다.After the cooling step, the boil-off gas is condensed and returned to the LNG storage tank 1.

이상에서는 본 발명이 특정 실시예를 중심으로 하여 설명되었지만, 본 발명의 취지 및 첨부된 특허청구범위 내에서 다양한 변형, 변경 또는 수정이 당해 기술분야에서 있을 수 있으며, 따라서, 전술한 설명 및 도면은 본 발명의 기술사상을 한정하는 것이 아닌 본 발명을 예시하는 것으로 해석되어져야 한다.While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. And should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but rather should be construed as exemplifying the invention.

전술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 의하면, 고온 고압의 압축된 증발가스를 응축하기에 앞서 예냉함에 있어서 증발가스 재액화 장치의 전체적인 부하 및 냉각 장치의 부하를 증가시키지 않으면서도 증발가스를 냉각시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to cool the boil-off gas without increasing the overall load of the boil-off gas reliquefaction device and the load of the cooling device in pre-cooling before condensing the high-temperature, high-pressure compressed boil-off gas. It works.

Claims (1)

LNG 저장탱크에서 발생된 증발가스를 재액화시키는 증발가스 재액화 장치로서, Evaporative gas reliquefaction apparatus for reliquefaction of the boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank, 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 배출된 증발가스를 콜드 박스까지 공급하는 증발가스 배출라인과; An evaporating gas discharge line for supplying the evaporated gas discharged from the LNG storage tank to a cold box; 상기 콜드 박스에서 재액화된 증발가스를 상기 LNG 저장탱크로 복귀시키는 재액화 증발가스 복귀라인과; A reliquefaction evaporated gas return line for returning the reliquefied evaporated gas from the cold box to the LNG storage tank; 상기 증발가스 배출라인에 설치되어 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 배출된 증발가스를 압축하는 압축부와; A compression unit installed in the boil-off gas discharge line to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank; 상기 압축부의 전단의 증발가스 배출라인에 설치된 예냉용 열교환기와; A precooling heat exchanger installed at an evaporation gas discharge line in front of the compression unit; 증발가스를 재액화시키기 위해 상기 콜드 박스에 연결되는 냉각 장치; 를 포함하며, A cooling device connected to the cold box for re-liquefying boil off gas; / RTI &gt; 상기 예냉용 열교환기는 상기 압축부에서 압축된 증발가스를 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 배출된 증발가스와 열교환시킴으로써 상기 압축부에서 압축된 증발가스를 예냉시키며, The precooling heat exchanger precools the boil-off gas compressed in the compression section by heat-exchanging the boil-off gas compressed in the compression section with the boil-off gas discharged from the LNG storage tank, 상기 냉각 장치는 냉매를 압축 및 팽창시켜서 냉각시키는 것으로서, 1개 이상의 압축기 및 1개 이상의 중간냉각기로 이루어진 다단 압축기와 팽창기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 증발가스 재액화 장치.The cooling device compresses and expands and cools a refrigerant, and includes a multistage compressor and an expander including one or more compressors and one or more intermediate coolers.
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