JP2019509929A - Ship - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP2019509929A
JP2019509929A JP2018546879A JP2018546879A JP2019509929A JP 2019509929 A JP2019509929 A JP 2019509929A JP 2018546879 A JP2018546879 A JP 2018546879A JP 2018546879 A JP2018546879 A JP 2018546879A JP 2019509929 A JP2019509929 A JP 2019509929A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
flow
cooled
fluid
compressed
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JP2018546879A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP6909229B2 (en
Inventor
チョル リ−，スン
チョル リ−，スン
ジン キム，ソン
ジン キム，ソン
Original Assignee
デウ シップビルディング アンド マリン エンジニアリング カンパニー リミテッド
デウ シップビルディング アンド マリン エンジニアリング カンパニー リミテッド
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Publication of JP2019509929A publication Critical patent/JP2019509929A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F17C2227/0351—Water cooling using seawater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

【課題】液化ガス貯蔵タンクを備えた船舶が開示される。【解決手段】前記船舶は、前記貯蔵タンクから排出される蒸発ガスを圧縮し、複数の圧縮シリンダーを備える多段圧縮機；前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を熱交換させて冷却する第２熱交換器；前記第２熱交換器で冷却された流体（以下、「ａの流れ」という。）の一部が分岐した流れ（以下、「ａ１流れ」という。）を膨張させる第１減圧装置；前記第１減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ１流れ」を冷媒として、前記「ａ流れ」から分岐した「ａ１流れ」を除いた残りの流体（以下、「ａ２流れ」という。）を熱交換させて冷却する第３熱交換器；前記第３熱交換器で冷却された前記「ａ２流れ」を膨張させる第２減圧装置；を備え、前記第２熱交換器は、前記第２減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ２流れ」を冷媒として、前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を冷却する。【選択図】図１A ship with a liquefied gas storage tank is disclosed. The ship compresses evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank and includes a plurality of compression cylinders; second heat that cools the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor by exchanging heat. A first pressure reducing device for expanding a flow (hereinafter referred to as “a1 flow”) in which a part of the fluid cooled in the second heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as “flow a”) is branched; Using the “a1 flow” expanded by the first decompression device as a refrigerant, the remaining fluid (hereinafter referred to as “a2 flow”) excluding the “a1 flow” branched from the “a flow” is subjected to heat exchange. A second heat exchanger that expands the “a2 flow” cooled by the third heat exchanger; and the second heat exchanger is expanded by the second pressure reducer. In the multistage compressor, the “a2 flow” is used as a refrigerant. Cooling the condensed fluid. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、船舶に関するものである。より詳細には、貯蔵タンクの内部で発生した蒸発ガスを、蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として使用して再液化するシステムを備えた船舶に関する。   The present invention relates to a ship. More specifically, the present invention relates to a ship equipped with a system for reliquefying evaporative gas generated inside a storage tank using evaporative gas itself as a refrigerant.

貯蔵タンクを断熱しても外部熱を完璧に遮断するには限界があり、内部まで伝達される熱によって液化ガスは貯蔵タンク内で継続的に気化することになる。貯蔵タンクの内部で気化した液化ガスを蒸発ガス（BOG;Boil-Off Gas）という。   Even if the storage tank is insulated, there is a limit to completely shutting out the external heat, and the liquefied gas is continuously vaporized in the storage tank by the heat transferred to the inside. The liquefied gas vaporized inside the storage tank is called evaporative gas (BOG).

蒸発ガスが発生して貯蔵タンクの圧力が設定した安全圧力以上になると、蒸発ガスは安全バルブによって貯蔵タンクの外部に排出される。貯蔵タンクの外部に排出された蒸発ガスは、船舶の燃料として使用されるか、再液化されて貯蔵タンクに戻される。   When evaporative gas is generated and the pressure in the storage tank exceeds the set safe pressure, the evaporative gas is discharged outside the storage tank by the safety valve. The evaporative gas discharged to the outside of the storage tank is used as marine fuel or reliquefied and returned to the storage tank.

通常の蒸発ガスの再液化装置は冷凍サイクルを有し、当該冷凍サイクルで蒸発ガスを冷却させることによって蒸発ガスを再液化する。蒸発ガスを冷却するために冷却流体と熱交換させるが、蒸発ガス自体を冷却流体として使用して自己熱交換する部分再液化システム（PRS;Partial Re-liquefaction System）が利用される。   A normal evaporative gas reliquefaction apparatus has a refrigeration cycle, and the evaporative gas is reliquefied by cooling the evaporative gas in the refrigeration cycle. In order to cool the evaporative gas, heat is exchanged with the cooling fluid, and a partial re-liquefaction system (PRS) that uses the evaporative gas itself as the cooling fluid and performs self-heat exchange is used.

本発明は、従来の部分再液化システムを改良して、より効率的に蒸発ガスを再液化するシステムを備えた船舶を提供する。   The present invention provides an improved ship with a system that improves the conventional partial reliquefaction system and more efficiently reliquefies the evaporative gas.

前記目的を達成するために本発明の一実施形態は、液化ガス貯蔵タンクが搭載された船舶において、前記貯蔵タンクから排出された蒸発ガスを圧縮し、複数の圧縮シリンダーを備える多段圧縮機；前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を熱交換させて冷却する第２熱交換器；前記第２熱交換器で冷却された流体（以下、「ａ流れ」という。）の一部が分岐した流れ（以下、「ａ１流れ」という。）を膨張させる第１減圧装置；前記第１減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ１流れ」を冷媒として、前記「ａ流れ」から分岐した「ａ１流れ」を除いた残りの流体（以下、「ａ２流れ」という。）を、熱交換させて冷却する第３熱交換器；前記第３熱交換器で冷却された前記「ａ２流れ」を膨張させる第２減圧装置；を備え、前記第２熱交換器は、前記第２減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ２流れ」を冷媒として、前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を冷却する船舶が提供される。   To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-stage compressor that compresses evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank and includes a plurality of compression cylinders in a ship equipped with a liquefied gas storage tank; A second heat exchanger that cools the fluid compressed by the multi-stage compressor by heat exchange; a flow in which a part of the fluid cooled by the second heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as “a flow”) is branched ( Hereinafter referred to as “a1 flow”): a first pressure reducing device that expands; the “a1 flow” expanded by the first pressure reducing device is used as a refrigerant, and the “a1 flow” branched from the “a flow” is excluded. A third heat exchanger that heat-cools the remaining fluid (hereinafter referred to as “a2 flow”); a second decompression device that expands the “a2 flow” cooled by the third heat exchanger; The second heat exchanger includes the second heat exchanger. The inflated by pressure apparatus "a2 flow" as the refrigerant, vessels for cooling is provided a fluid compressed in the multi-stage compressor.

前記複数の圧縮シリンダーのうち一部の圧縮シリンダーで圧縮された蒸発ガスは、前記第３熱交換器で熱交換されて冷却された後に他の圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮される。   The evaporative gas compressed in some of the plurality of compression cylinders is heat-exchanged by the third heat exchanger and cooled, and then compressed by another compression cylinder.

前記複数の圧縮シリンダーのうち一部の圧縮シリンダーで圧縮された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷却された流体は、前記第１減圧装置で膨張された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用された前記「ａ１流れ」と合流し、他の圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮される。   The fluid cooled in the third heat exchanger after being compressed in some of the plurality of compression cylinders is expanded in the first pressure reducing device and then used as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger The “a1 flow” is joined and compressed by another compression cylinder.

前記船舶は、前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された蒸発ガスを、前記第２熱交換器に送る前に熱交換させて冷却する第１熱交換器をさらに備える。   The marine vessel further includes a first heat exchanger that cools the evaporative gas compressed by the multistage compressor by heat exchange before sending it to the second heat exchanger.

前記目的を達成するために本発明の他の実施形態では、液化ガス貯蔵タンクが搭載された船舶に適用される蒸発ガス再液化方法において、１）前記貯蔵タンクから排出された蒸発ガスを圧縮した後に第３熱交換器で冷却し、２）前記１）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体を追加圧縮し、３）前記２）のステップで追加圧縮された蒸発ガスを第２熱交換器で冷却し、４）前記３）のステップで前記第２熱交換器によって冷却された流体を２つの流れに分岐させ、５）前記４）のステップで分岐した流れのうち一方の流れを膨張させた後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用し、６）前記４）のステップで分岐した流れのうち他方の流れを前記第３熱交換器で冷却し、７）前記６）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体を膨張させて再液化し、前記７）のステップで液化された蒸発ガスは前記第２熱交換器に供給されて前記３）のステップで前記追加圧縮された蒸発ガスを冷却させる冷媒として使用される蒸発ガス再液化方法が提供される。   In order to achieve the above object, in another embodiment of the present invention, in an evaporative gas re-liquefaction method applied to a ship equipped with a liquefied gas storage tank, 1) the evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank is compressed. After cooling with a third heat exchanger, 2) additional compression of the fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger in step 1), and 3) the evaporating gas additionally compressed in step 2) 2) Cool in the heat exchanger, 4) branch the fluid cooled by the second heat exchanger in step 3) into two flows, 5) one of the flows branched in step 4) After the flow is expanded, it is used as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger, 6) the other flow among the flows branched in step 4) is cooled by the third heat exchanger, and 7) the above 6) In the step of cooling by the third heat exchanger. The evaporated fluid is expanded and reliquefied, and the evaporated gas liquefied in the step 7) is supplied to the second heat exchanger, and the additional compressed vapor is cooled in the step 3). An evaporative gas reliquefaction method is provided for use as

前記１）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体は、前記５）のステップで膨張された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用された流体と合流し、前記２）のステップの追加圧縮過程を経る。   The fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger in the step 1) merges with the fluid used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger after being expanded in the step 5). It goes through an additional compression process of steps.

前記２）のステップで追加圧縮された蒸発ガスは、第１熱交換器で冷却された後、前記３）のステップで前記第２熱交換器によって冷却される。   The evaporative gas additionally compressed in the step 2) is cooled by the first heat exchanger, and then cooled by the second heat exchanger in the step 3).

本発明は、蒸発ガスを再液化する冷媒を多様化して、熱交換器の上流で分岐する冷媒流量を減少させる。   This invention diversifies the refrigerant | coolant which reliquefies evaporation gas, and reduces the refrigerant | coolant flow volume branched upstream of a heat exchanger.

熱交換器の上流で分岐させる冷媒の流量が減少すると、冷媒として使用されるために分岐する蒸発ガスが多段圧縮機による圧縮過程を経るため、多段圧縮機で圧縮される蒸発ガスの流量を減少させることができ、多段圧縮機で圧縮される蒸発ガスの流量が減少すると、ほぼ同じ効率で蒸発ガスを再液化するとともに多段圧縮機の消費電力が低減する利点がある。   When the flow rate of the refrigerant branched off upstream of the heat exchanger decreases, the flow of the evaporative gas compressed by the multistage compressor is reduced because the evaporative gas branched because it is used as a refrigerant goes through the compression process by the multistage compressor. If the flow rate of the evaporative gas compressed by the multistage compressor is reduced, there is an advantage that the evaporative gas is reliquefied with substantially the same efficiency and the power consumption of the multistage compressor is reduced.

本発明の好ましい実施形態において、船舶に適用される部分再液化システムの概略的な構成図である。In preferred embodiment of this invention, it is a schematic block diagram of the partial reliquefaction system applied to a ship.

以下、添付した図面を参照して、本発明の好ましい実施例の構成と作用を詳細に説明する。本発明の船舶は、天然ガスを燃料として使用するエンジンを搭載した船舶と液化ガス貯蔵タンクを備えた船舶などで多様に応用されて適用することができる。また、下記の実施例は様々な形態で変更することができ、本発明の範囲は下記の実施例によって限定されない。   Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The ship of the present invention can be applied and applied in various ways such as a ship equipped with an engine using natural gas as fuel and a ship equipped with a liquefied gas storage tank. Also, the following examples can be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

本発明において後述する蒸発ガスの処理システムは、低温液体貨物または液化ガスを貯蔵する貯蔵タンクが設置された全種類の船舶と海上構造物、すなわち、液化ガス運搬船などの船舶をはじめ、ＦＰＳＯ、ＦＳＲＵなどの海上構造物に適用することができる。   The evaporative gas processing system to be described later in the present invention includes all types of ships and offshore structures provided with storage tanks for storing low-temperature liquid cargo or liquefied gas, that is, ships such as liquefied gas carrier ships, FPSO, FSRU, etc. It can be applied to offshore structures such as.

また、本発明における各ラインの流体は、システムの運用条件に応じて、液体状態、気液混合状態、気体状態、超臨界流体の状態のいずれかの状態である。   In addition, the fluid in each line in the present invention is in a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a gas state, or a supercritical fluid state, depending on the operating conditions of the system.

図１は、本発明の好ましい実施形態において、船舶に適用される部分再液化システムの概略的な構成図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a partial reliquefaction system applied to a ship in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

図１を参照すると、本実施例の船舶は、複数の圧縮シリンダー（２１、２２、２３）を備えた多段圧縮機（２０）、第２熱交換器（３２）、第３熱交換器（４０）、第１減圧装置（７１）及び第２減圧装置（７２）を備える。   Referring to FIG. 1, a ship according to the present embodiment includes a multi-stage compressor (20) having a plurality of compression cylinders (21, 22, 23), a second heat exchanger (32), and a third heat exchanger (40 ), A first decompression device (71) and a second decompression device (72).

本実施例の船舶に搭載された貯蔵タンク（１０）に貯蔵された液化ガスは、１気圧で−１１０℃より高い沸点を有する。また、貯蔵タンク（１０）に貯蔵された液化ガスは、液化石油ガス（ＬＰＧ）であり、または、メタン、エタン、重炭化水素などの複数の成分を含むこともできる。   The liquefied gas stored in the storage tank (10) mounted on the ship of the present embodiment has a boiling point higher than -110 ° C at 1 atmosphere. Further, the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank (10) is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or may include a plurality of components such as methane, ethane, and heavy hydrocarbons.

本実施例の多段圧縮機（２０）は貯蔵タンク（１０）から排出された蒸発ガスを圧縮する。多段圧縮機（２０）は複数の圧縮シリンダーを備え、一例として、図１に示すように３つの圧縮シリンダー（２１、２２、２３）を備える。本実施例の貯蔵タンク（１０）から排出されて、多段圧縮機（２０）に備えられた複数の圧縮シリンダーのうち一部の圧縮シリンダーを通過して圧縮された蒸発ガスは、第３熱交換器（４０）で冷却された後、再び多段圧縮機（２０）に送られて残りの圧縮シリンダーを通過する。図１には、第１圧縮シリンダー（２１）で圧縮された蒸発ガスが第３熱交換器（４０）で冷却された後に第２圧縮シリンダー（２２）及び第３圧縮シリンダー（２３）で圧縮される過程が図示される。   The multistage compressor (20) of the present embodiment compresses the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (10). The multistage compressor (20) includes a plurality of compression cylinders, and as an example, includes three compression cylinders (21, 22, 23) as shown in FIG. The evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank (10) of the present embodiment and compressed through a part of the plurality of compression cylinders provided in the multistage compressor (20) is subjected to the third heat exchange. After being cooled in the vessel (40), it is sent again to the multistage compressor (20) and passes through the remaining compression cylinders. In FIG. 1, the evaporative gas compressed by the first compression cylinder (21) is cooled by the third heat exchanger (40) and then compressed by the second compression cylinder (22) and the third compression cylinder (23). The process is illustrated.

多段圧縮機（２０）の一部の圧縮シリンダー（２１）を通過して第３熱交換器（４０）で冷却された後に多段圧縮機（２０）の残りの圧縮シリンダー（２２、２３）を通過した流体は、第２熱交換器（３２）で自己熱交換されて冷却された後、再び第３熱交換器（４０）に送られる（ａ流れ）。自己熱交換の自己(self-)は、蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として使用することを意味する。   After passing through some compression cylinders (21) of the multistage compressor (20) and being cooled by the third heat exchanger (40), it passes through the remaining compression cylinders (22, 23) of the multistage compressor (20). The fluid that has been subjected to self-heat exchange in the second heat exchanger (32) is cooled and then sent again to the third heat exchanger (40) (flow a). Self-exchange of self heat means to use the evaporated gas itself as a refrigerant.

本実施例の多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された流体は、第２熱交換器（３２）に送られる前に、第１熱交換器（３１）で冷却される。第１熱交換器（３１）は、蒸発ガスを冷却する冷媒として海水などの別の冷媒を使用することができ、第１熱交換器（３１）も第２熱交換器（３２）と同様に蒸発ガス自体を冷媒として使用できるシステムの構成が可能である。   The fluid compressed by the multistage compressor (20) of the present embodiment is cooled by the first heat exchanger (31) before being sent to the second heat exchanger (32). The first heat exchanger (31) can use another refrigerant such as seawater as a refrigerant for cooling the evaporative gas, and the first heat exchanger (31) is similar to the second heat exchanger (32). It is possible to configure a system that can use the evaporated gas itself as a refrigerant.

多段圧縮機（２０）で多段階に圧縮される流体の吐出圧力は、第１熱交換器（３１）で冷却されて排出される流体の温度に応じて決定され、好ましくは、第１熱交換器（３１）で冷却されて排出される流体の温度に対応する飽和圧力(Saturated Liquid Pressure)により決定される。すなわち、液化ガスがＬＰＧである場合、第１熱交換器（３１）を通過した流体の少なくとも一部が飽和液体になる圧力に決定される。また、多段圧縮機（２０）の各段階で吐出される吐出圧力はそれぞれの圧縮シリンダーの性能によって決定される。   The discharge pressure of the fluid compressed in multiple stages by the multistage compressor (20) is determined according to the temperature of the fluid cooled and discharged by the first heat exchanger (31), and preferably the first heat exchange It is determined by the saturated liquid pressure corresponding to the temperature of the fluid cooled and discharged by the vessel (31). That is, when the liquefied gas is LPG, the pressure is determined such that at least a part of the fluid that has passed through the first heat exchanger (31) becomes a saturated liquid. Further, the discharge pressure discharged at each stage of the multistage compressor (20) is determined by the performance of each compression cylinder.

多段圧縮機（２０）及び第２熱交換器（３２）を通過した流体（ａ流れ）は、第３熱交換器（４０）の上流で２つの流れ（ａ１、ａ２）に分岐する。第３熱交換器（４０）の上流で分岐した流れのうち一方の流れ（ａ１）は、第１減圧装置（７１）で膨張されて温度が低くなった後に第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用され、第３熱交換器（４０）の上流で分岐した流れのうち他方の流れ（ａ２）は、第３熱交換器（４０）で熱交換されて冷却された後に第２減圧装置（７２）で膨張されて一部または全部が再液化される。第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用された流体（ａ１流れ）は、多段圧縮機（２０）に備えられた一部の圧縮シリンダー（２１）で圧縮された後に第３熱交換器（４０）に送られた流体と合流した後、多段圧縮機（２０）に送られて残りの圧縮シリンダー（２２、２３）で圧縮される。   The fluid (a flow) that has passed through the multistage compressor (20) and the second heat exchanger (32) branches into two flows (a1, a2) upstream of the third heat exchanger (40). One flow (a1) out of the flow branched upstream of the third heat exchanger (40) is expanded by the first pressure reducing device (71) and the temperature is lowered, then the third heat exchanger (40). The other flow (a2) of the flows used as the refrigerant and branched upstream of the third heat exchanger (40) is subjected to heat exchange in the third heat exchanger (40) and cooled, and then the second decompression device. It is expanded at (72) and part or all is reliquefied. The fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger (40) is compressed by a part of the compression cylinders (21) included in the multistage compressor (20), and then the third heat exchanger ( After joining the fluid sent to 40), it is sent to the multistage compressor (20) and compressed by the remaining compression cylinders (22, 23).

第２熱交換器（３２）は、第３熱交換器（４０）で冷却された後に第２減圧装置（７２）で膨張されて一部または全部が再液化された流体（ａ２流れ）を冷媒として、多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された流体（ａ流れ）を冷却する。第２熱交換器（３２）で冷媒として使用された流体（ａ２流れ）は貯蔵タンク（１０）に送られ、第２熱交換器（３２）で冷却された流体（ａ流れ）は第３熱交換器（４０）に送られる。   The second heat exchanger (32) is a refrigerant (a2 flow) that has been cooled by the third heat exchanger (40) and then expanded by the second decompression device (72) and partially or entirely liquefied. The fluid (a flow) compressed by the multistage compressor (20) is cooled. The fluid (a2 flow) used as the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger (32) is sent to the storage tank (10), and the fluid (a flow) cooled by the second heat exchanger (32) is the third heat. Sent to the exchanger (40).

本実施例の第１減圧装置（７１）及び第２減圧装置（７２）はジュール−トムソンバルブなどの膨張バルブであり、システムの構成に応じて膨張機の使用も可能である。また、本実施例の第２熱交換器（３２）はエコノマイザー（Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｚｅｒ）であり、第３熱交換器（４０）はインタークーラー（Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｏｏｌｅｒ）であり得る。   The first pressure reducing device (71) and the second pressure reducing device (72) of the present embodiment are expansion valves such as Joule-Thomson valves, and an expander can be used according to the system configuration. In addition, the second heat exchanger (32) of the present embodiment may be an economizer, and the third heat exchanger (40) may be an intercooler.

例えば、液化ガスがＬＰＧである場合、多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された流体は第１熱交換器（３１）を通過しながら冷却されるが、第１熱交換器（３１）で流体の少なくとも一部を液化することができ、第１熱交換器（３１）で液化された液体は第２熱交換器（３２）で過冷却される。また、第２熱交換器（３２）で過冷却された流体の一部を「ａ１流れ」に分岐させて第１減圧装置（７１）で膨張させた後に第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用し、第２熱交換器（３２）で過冷却された残りの流体、すなわち「ａ２流れ」は膨張された「ａ１流れ」を冷媒として第３熱交換器（４０）で二次過冷却される。第３熱交換器（４０）を通過しながら過冷却された「ａ２流れ」は、第２減圧装置（７２）で膨張された後に液体状態で貯蔵タンク（１０）に戻される。   For example, when the liquefied gas is LPG, the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor (20) is cooled while passing through the first heat exchanger (31), but the fluid is cooled by the first heat exchanger (31). At least a part of the liquid can be liquefied, and the liquid liquefied by the first heat exchanger (31) is supercooled by the second heat exchanger (32). Further, a part of the fluid supercooled in the second heat exchanger (32) is branched into the “a1 flow” and expanded in the first decompression device (71), and then the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger (40). The remaining fluid subcooled in the second heat exchanger (32), that is, the “a2 flow” is the secondary subcooling in the third heat exchanger (40) using the expanded “a1 flow” as a refrigerant. Is done. The “a2 flow” subcooled while passing through the third heat exchanger (40) is expanded by the second decompression device (72) and then returned to the storage tank (10) in a liquid state.

本実施例では、多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された蒸発ガスが第３熱交換器（４０）によって１回の中間冷却を経る場合を説明したが、本実施例の多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された蒸発ガスは複数回の中間冷却過程を経ることもできる。多段圧縮機（２０）が３つの圧縮シリンダー（２１、２２、２３）を備える場合で説明すると、第１圧縮シリンダー（２１）で圧縮された蒸発ガスが第３熱交換器（４０）で冷却されて第２圧縮シリンダー（２２）で圧縮された後、追加の中間冷却過程を経た後に第３圧縮シリンダー（２３）で圧縮される。また、追加の中間冷却過程は、第３熱交換器（４０）による中間冷却と同様に、熱交換器の上流で分岐した一部の流れを膨張させた後に冷媒として使用する方式であり得る。   In the present embodiment, the case where the evaporative gas compressed by the multistage compressor (20) undergoes one intermediate cooling by the third heat exchanger (40) has been described, but the multistage compressor (20) of the present embodiment is described. The evaporative gas compressed in step 1 can be subjected to a plurality of intermediate cooling processes. In the case where the multistage compressor (20) includes three compression cylinders (21, 22, 23), the evaporated gas compressed by the first compression cylinder (21) is cooled by the third heat exchanger (40). After being compressed by the second compression cylinder (22), it is compressed by the third compression cylinder (23) after an additional intermediate cooling process. Further, the additional intermediate cooling process may be a system in which a part of the flow branched upstream of the heat exchanger is expanded and used as a refrigerant, similarly to the intermediate cooling by the third heat exchanger (40).

本発明は、多段圧縮機（２０）による圧縮、第３熱交換器（４０）による冷却、及び第２減圧装置（７２）による膨張過程を経て一部または全部が再液化された流体を、第２熱交換器（３２）で冷媒として使用し、多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮された流体をさらに冷却させるので、第３熱交換器（４０）に送られる流体（ａ流れ）の温度をより低くすることができる。第３熱交換器（４０）に送られる流体（ａ流れ）の温度が低くなると、分岐して冷媒として使用される蒸発ガス（ａ１流れ）の量をより減らしても同様の再液化効率を達成することができ、第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用された流体（ａ１流れ）は多段圧縮機（２０）で圧縮されるので、第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用される流体（ａ１流れ）の量を減らせば、多段圧縮機（２０）で消耗されるエネルギーを低減することができる。すなわち、本発明は、第２熱交換器（３２）を備えることにより、第３熱交換器（４０）で冷媒として使用される流体（ａ１流れ）の量を減らし、多段圧縮機（２０）で消耗されるエネルギーを低減しながらも、ほぼ同様の再液化効率を達成することができる。   The present invention provides a fluid partially or wholly reliquefied through compression by a multistage compressor (20), cooling by a third heat exchanger (40), and expansion by a second decompression device (72). Since the fluid used in the second heat exchanger (32) as a refrigerant and further compressed by the multistage compressor (20) is further cooled, the temperature of the fluid (a flow) sent to the third heat exchanger (40) is further increased. Can be lowered. When the temperature of the fluid (a flow) sent to the third heat exchanger (40) becomes low, the same reliquefaction efficiency is achieved even if the amount of evaporative gas (a1 flow) used as a refrigerant is diverged further. Since the fluid (a1 flow) used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger (40) is compressed by the multistage compressor (20), it is used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger (40). If the amount of fluid (a1 flow) is reduced, the energy consumed by the multistage compressor (20) can be reduced. That is, this invention reduces the quantity of the fluid (a1 flow) used as a refrigerant | coolant with a 3rd heat exchanger (40) by providing a 2nd heat exchanger (32), and is a multistage compressor (20). While reducing the energy consumed, substantially the same reliquefaction efficiency can be achieved.

本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されず、本発明の技術的要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で様々な修正又は変更して実施が可能であることは、本発明が属する技術分野における通常の知識を有する者にとって自明である。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications or changes can be made without departing from the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood from the general knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. It is obvious to those who have it.

Claims (7)

液化ガス貯蔵タンクが搭載された船舶において、
前記貯蔵タンクから排出される蒸発ガスを圧縮し、複数の圧縮シリンダーを備える多段圧縮機；
前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を熱交換させて冷却する第２熱交換器；
前記第２熱交換器で冷却された流体（以下、「ａの流れ」という。）の一部が分岐した流れ（以下、「ａ１流れ」という。）を膨張させる第１減圧装置；
前記第１減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ１流れ」を冷媒として、前記「ａ流れ」から分岐した「ａ１流れ」を除いた残りの流体（以下、「ａ２流れ」という。）を熱交換させて冷却する第３熱交換器；
前記第３熱交換器で冷却された前記「ａ２流れ」を膨張させる第２減圧装置；を備え、
前記第２熱交換器は、前記第２減圧装置で膨張された前記「ａ２流れ」を冷媒として、前記多段圧縮機で圧縮された流体を冷却することを特徴とする船舶。 In a ship equipped with a liquefied gas storage tank,
A multi-stage compressor that compresses the evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank and includes a plurality of compression cylinders;
A second heat exchanger that cools the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor by heat exchange;
A first pressure reducing device for expanding a flow (hereinafter referred to as “a1 flow”) in which a part of the fluid (hereinafter referred to as “a flow”) cooled by the second heat exchanger is branched;
Using the “a1 flow” expanded by the first decompression device as a refrigerant, the remaining fluid (hereinafter referred to as “a2 flow”) excluding the “a1 flow” branched from the “a flow” is subjected to heat exchange. A third heat exchanger for cooling by cooling;
A second decompression device for expanding the “a2 stream” cooled by the third heat exchanger;
The ship, wherein the second heat exchanger cools the fluid compressed by the multistage compressor using the “a2 flow” expanded by the second decompression device as a refrigerant. 前記複数の圧縮シリンダーのうち一部の圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮された蒸発ガスは、前記第３熱交換器で熱交換されて冷却された後、残りの圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の船舶。   The evaporative gas compressed by a part of the plurality of compression cylinders is heat-exchanged by the third heat exchanger and cooled, and then compressed by the remaining compression cylinders. Item 2. The ship according to item 1. 前記複数の圧縮シリンダーのうち一部の圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷却された流体は、前記第１減圧装置で膨張された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用された前記「ａ１流れ」と合流し、残りの圧縮シリンダーによって圧縮されることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の船舶。   The fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger after being compressed by some of the plurality of compression cylinders is expanded by the first pressure reducing device and then used as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger The marine vessel according to claim 2, wherein the marine vessel joins with the generated “a1 flow” and is compressed by the remaining compression cylinders. 前記多段圧縮機によって圧縮された蒸発ガスを、前記第２熱交換器を送る前に熱交換させて冷却する第１熱交換器をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の船舶。   4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first heat exchanger that cools the evaporated gas compressed by the multi-stage compressor by heat exchange before sending the second heat exchanger. Ship according to the item. 液化ガス貯蔵タンクが搭載された船舶に適用される蒸発ガス再液化方法において、
１）前記貯蔵タンクから排出される蒸発ガスを圧縮した後に第３熱交換器で冷却し、
２）前記１）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体を追加圧縮し、
３）前記２）のステップで追加圧縮された蒸発ガスを第２熱交換器で冷却し、
４）前記３）のステップで前記第２熱交換器によって冷却された流体を２つの流れに分岐させ、
５）前記４）のステップで分岐された流れのうち一方の流れを膨張させた後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用し、
６）前記４）のステップで分岐された流れのうち他方の流れを前記第３熱交換器で冷却し、
７）前記６）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体を膨張させて再液化し、
前記７）のステップで再液化された蒸発ガスは、前記第２熱交換器に供給されて前記３）のステップで前記追加圧縮された蒸発ガスを冷却する冷媒として使用されることを特徴とする蒸発ガス再液化方法。 In an evaporative gas reliquefaction method applied to a ship equipped with a liquefied gas storage tank,
1) The evaporative gas discharged from the storage tank is compressed and then cooled in a third heat exchanger,
2) Additional compression of the fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger in step 1),
3) The evaporative gas additionally compressed in the step 2) is cooled by the second heat exchanger,
4) The fluid cooled by the second heat exchanger in the step of 3) is branched into two flows,
5) After expanding one of the flows branched in the step 4), use it as a refrigerant in the third heat exchanger,
6) The other flow among the flows branched in the step 4) is cooled by the third heat exchanger,
7) The fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger in step 6) is expanded and reliquefied,
The evaporative gas reliquefied in the step 7) is supplied to the second heat exchanger and used as a refrigerant for cooling the additional compressed evaporative gas in the step 3). Evaporative gas reliquefaction method. 前記１）のステップで前記第３熱交換器によって冷却された流体は、前記５）のステップで膨張された後に前記第３熱交換器で冷媒として使用された流体と合流し、前記２）のステップの追加圧縮過程を経ることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の蒸発ガス再液化方法。   The fluid cooled by the third heat exchanger in the step 1) merges with the fluid used as the refrigerant in the third heat exchanger after being expanded in the step 5). The evaporative gas reliquefaction method according to claim 5, wherein the evaporative gas reliquefaction method undergoes an additional compression process in steps. 前記２）のステップで追加圧縮された蒸発ガスは、第１熱交換器で冷却された後、前記３）のステップで前記第２熱交換器によって冷却されることを特徴とする請求項５または６に記載の蒸発ガス再液化方法。   The evaporated gas additionally compressed in the step of 2) is cooled by the second heat exchanger in the step of 3) after being cooled by the first heat exchanger. 6. The evaporative gas reliquefaction method according to 6.
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