KR101114816B1 - Exhaust gas purifying system - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purifying system Download PDF

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KR101114816B1
KR101114816B1 KR1020100044305A KR20100044305A KR101114816B1 KR 101114816 B1 KR101114816 B1 KR 101114816B1 KR 1020100044305 A KR1020100044305 A KR 1020100044305A KR 20100044305 A KR20100044305 A KR 20100044305A KR 101114816 B1 KR101114816 B1 KR 101114816B1
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exhaust gas
oxidation catalyst
catalyst
purification system
heating mechanism
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KR20100124211A (en
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고지 요시다
요시후미 가토
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가부시키가이샤 도요다 지도숏키
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

배기가스 정화 시스템은 배기 통로, 산화 촉매, 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매, 요소수 공급 장치, 제 1 가열 메커니즘 및 제어기를 포함한다. 내연기관으로부터 배출된 배기가스는 배기 통로를 통해 흐른다. 배기가스에 포함된 일산화질소를 이산화질소로 산화시키기 위한 산화 촉매는 배기 통로에 배치된다. 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매는 산화 촉매의 하류에 배치된다. 요소수 공급 장치는 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매의 상류에서 배기 통로에 요소수를 공급한다. 제 1 가열 메커니즘은 산화 촉매를 가열한다. 제어기는 산화 촉매의 온도를 조정하도록 제 1 가열 메커니즘을 제어하여, 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매에 유입하는 배기가스 내 일산화질소와 이산화질소 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 된다.The exhaust gas purification system includes an exhaust passage, an oxidation catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, a urea water supply device, a first heating mechanism and a controller. The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine flows through the exhaust passage. An oxidation catalyst for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide is disposed in the exhaust passage. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst is disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst. The urea water supply device supplies urea water to the exhaust passage upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The first heating mechanism heats the oxidation catalyst. The controller controls the first heating mechanism to adjust the temperature of the oxidation catalyst so that the molar ratio between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is 1: 1.

Figure R1020100044305
Figure R1020100044305

Description

배기가스 정화 시스템{EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM}Exhaust gas purification system {EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM}

본 발명은, 배기가스 정화 시스템에 관한 것이며, 특히 디젤 엔진의 배기가스에 포함된 질소산화물 (NOx) 을 정화하기 위한 요소 (urea) 선택적 촉매 환원 (selective catalytic reduction, SCR) 시스템을 구비한 배기가스 정화 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system, and in particular to an exhaust having a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for purifying nitrogen oxides (NO x ) contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine. A gas purification system.

디젤 엔진의 배기가스에 포함된 NOx 를 환원시키기 위한 요소 SCR 시스템이 개발되고 있다. 요소 SCR 시스템에서는, NOx 를, 요소수 (urea water) 의 가수분해에 의해 생성되는 암모니아와 반응시켜 질소 및 물을 형성함으로써 정화하기 위해, SCR 촉매로 불리는 촉매가 사용된다.A urea SCR system for reducing NO x contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine has been developed. In the urea SCR system, a catalyst called an SCR catalyst is used to purify NO x by reacting with ammonia produced by hydrolysis of urea water to form nitrogen and water.

SCR 촉매의 정화 효율은, 일산화질소 (NO) 와 이산화질소 (NO2) 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 일 때 최대로 된다. 그렇지만, 통상적인 배기가스 내 NO 의 함량은 일반적으로 NO2 의 함량보다 더 많다. NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비를 1 : 1 에 근접하게 하기 위해, SCR 촉매의 상류에, NO 의 일부를 산화시켜 NO2 를 형성하기 위한 산화 촉매가 형성된다.The purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst is maximum when the molar ratio between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is 1: 1. However, the content of NO in conventional exhaust gases is generally higher than the content of NO 2 . In order to bring the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 closer to 1: 1, an oxidation catalyst for oxidizing a part of NO to form NO 2 is formed upstream of the SCR catalyst.

산화 촉매에 의한 NO 에서 NO2 로의 전환율은 산화 촉매의 온도에 의존한다. 산화 촉매의 온도가 비교적 낮은 경우에는, 환원력이 산화력보다 더 커서, 산화 촉매를 통과한 배기가스 중에 포함되는 NO 의 몰비가 증대된다.The conversion rate from NO to NO 2 by the oxidation catalyst depends on the temperature of the oxidation catalyst. When the temperature of the oxidation catalyst is relatively low, the reducing power is greater than the oxidation power, and the molar ratio of NO contained in the exhaust gas which has passed through the oxidation catalyst increases.

전기 히터로 산화 촉매를 가열함으로써, 산화 촉매를 통과한 배기가스 중에 포함되는 NO2 의 몰비를 증대시키기 위한 배기가스 정화 시스템이 일본공개특허공보 제 08-338229 호에 개시되어 있다.An exhaust gas purification system for increasing the molar ratio of NO 2 contained in exhaust gas having passed through an oxidation catalyst by heating the oxidation catalyst with an electric heater is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-338229.

종래의 요소 SCR 시스템을 포함하는 배기가스 정화 시스템에서는, 산화 촉매의 온도가 비교적 낮은 때에, 예컨대 냉간 시동 (cold start) 시에, SCR 촉매에 유입하는 배기가스 중에 포함되는 NO 의 몰비가 증대된다. 따라서, NOx 에 대한 SCR 촉매의 정화 효율이 저하된다.In the exhaust gas purification system including the conventional urea SCR system, the molar ratio of NO contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst is increased when the temperature of the oxidation catalyst is relatively low, for example, at cold start. Therefore, the purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst for NO x decreases.

배기가스 내 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비는, 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도와 같은 디젤 엔진의 작동 조건에 따라 변화한다. 그러므로, 종래의 요소 SCR 시스템에 대해 상기 공보에 개시된 배기가스 정화 시스템이 적용된다면, 전기 히터로 산화 촉매를 가열함으로써 NO2 의 몰비를 증대시키는 것만으로는, SCR 촉매에 유입하는 배기가스 중에 포함되는 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되는 것과, SCR 촉매의 정화 효율이 최대로 되는 것이 보장되지 않는다.The molar ratio between NO and NO 2 in the exhaust gas varies depending on the operating conditions of the diesel engine such as fuel injection amount and engine speed. Therefore, if the exhaust gas purification system disclosed in the above publication is applied to the conventional urea SCR system, it is included in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst simply by increasing the molar ratio of NO 2 by heating the oxidation catalyst with an electric heater. It is not guaranteed that the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 is 1: 1 and that the purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst is maximized.

본 발명은, 디젤 엔진의 작동 조건에 관계없이, SCR 촉매의 정화 효율이 최대로 되는 배기가스 정화 시스템을 제공하기 위한 것이다.The present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification system in which the purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst is maximized regardless of the operating conditions of the diesel engine.

본 발명에 따르면, 배기가스 정화 시스템은 배기 통로, 산화 촉매, 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매, 요소수 공급 장치, 제 1 가열 메커니즘 및 제어기를 포함한다. 내연기관으로부터 배출된 배기가스는 배기 통로를 통해 흐른다. 배기가스에 포함된 일산화질소를 이산화질소로 산화시키기 위한 산화 촉매는 배기 통로에 배치된다. 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매는 산화 촉매의 하류에 배치된다. 요소수 공급 장치는 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매의 상류에서 배기 통로에 요소수를 공급한다. 제 1 가열 메커니즘은 산화 촉매를 가열한다. 제어기는 산화 촉매의 온도를 조정하도록 제 1 가열 메커니즘을 제어하여, 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매에 유입하는 배기가스 내 일산화질소와 이산화질소 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 된다.According to the invention, the exhaust gas purification system comprises an exhaust passage, an oxidation catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, a urea water supply device, a first heating mechanism and a controller. The exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine flows through the exhaust passage. An oxidation catalyst for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide is disposed in the exhaust passage. The selective catalytic reduction catalyst is disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst. The urea water supply device supplies urea water to the exhaust passage upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The first heating mechanism heats the oxidation catalyst. The controller controls the first heating mechanism to adjust the temperature of the oxidation catalyst so that the molar ratio between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is 1: 1.

본 발명의 예로써 나타낸 첨부도면을 참조한 하기 설명으로부터, 본 발명의 다른 측면 및 이점이 분명해질 것이다.Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are taken as examples of the invention.

본 발명의 목적 및 이점과 함께 본 발명은, 첨부도면과 함께 현재 바람직한 실시형태에 대한 이하의 설명을 참조함으로써 가장 잘 이해될 것이다.The invention together with the objects and advantages of the invention will be best understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings.

도 1 은, 본 발명의 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템의 개략도이다.
도 2 는, 도 1 의 배기가스 정화 시스템에서 산화 촉매에 의한 NO 에서 NO2 로의 전환율의 온도 의존성을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3 은, 도 1 의 배기가스 정화 시스템의 전자 제어 유닛 (ECU) 에 저장된 데이터 맵이다.
도 4 는, 본 발명의 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템의 개략도이다.1 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas purification system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the conversion rate from NO to NO 2 by the oxidation catalyst in the exhaust gas purification system of FIG. 1.
3 is a data map stored in an electronic control unit (ECU) of the exhaust gas purification system of FIG. 1.
4 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas purification system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

이하에서, 도 1 내지 도 3 을 참조하여, 본 발명의 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템을 설명한다. 본 발명의 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템을 보여주는 도 1 을 참조하여 보면, 내연기관인 디젤 엔진 (1) 으로부터 배출된 배기가스가 유통하는 배기 통로 (2) 에는, 배기가스에 포함된 NO 의 일부를 산화시켜 NO2 를 형성하기 위한 산화 촉매 (3) 가 배치되어 있다. 산화 촉매 (3) 의 하류에는, 배기가스에 포함된 입자상 물질 (particulate matter, PM) 을 제거하기 위한 디젤 파티큘레이트 필터 (diesel particulate filter, DPF) (4) 가 형성되어 있다. DPF (4) 의 하류에는, NOx 를, 요소수의 가수분해에 의해 생성된 암모니아와 반응시킴으로써, NOx 를 환원시켜 질소 및 물을 형성하기 위한 선택적 촉매 환원 (SCR) 촉매 (5) 가 배치되어 있다. SCR 촉매 (5) 의 하류에는, SCR 촉매 (5) 에서 반응 또는 소비되지 않고 남아 있는 암모니아를 산화시키기 위한 산화 촉매 (6) 가 배치되어 있다. SCR 촉매 (5) 의 상류에서 요소수를 공급하기 위한 요소수 탱크 (도시 안 됨) 에 연결되는 요소수 공급 장치인 요소수 공급 노즐 (7) 이 DPF (4) 와 SCR 촉매 (5) 사이에 배치되어 있다.1 to 3, an exhaust gas purification system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. Referring to Fig. 1 showing an exhaust gas purification system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust passage 2 through which exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 1 which is an internal combustion engine flows is included in the exhaust gas. An oxidation catalyst 3 for oxidizing a part of NO to form NO 2 is disposed. Downstream of the oxidation catalyst 3, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 4 is formed for removing particulate matter (PM) contained in exhaust gas. In the downstream of the DPF (4), NO x a, by the ammonia and the reaction produced by the hydrolysis of urea, reducing the NO x selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst 5 for forming nitrogen and water is placed It is. Downstream of the SCR catalyst 5, an oxidation catalyst 6 for oxidizing ammonia remaining without reacting or consuming in the SCR catalyst 5 is disposed. A urea water supply nozzle 7, which is a urea water supply device connected to an urea water tank (not shown) for supplying urea water upstream of the SCR catalyst 5, is provided between the DPF 4 and the SCR catalyst 5. It is arranged.

산화 촉매 (3) 의 상류측 단면 (end surface) 에는, 산화 촉매 (3) 를 가열하기 위해 온도를 제어하도록 작동될 수 있는 제 1 가열 메커니즘인 전기 히터 (8) 가 배치되어 있다. 산화 촉매 (3) 의 하류에는, 온도 센서 (9) 가 배치되어 있다. 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 있어서, 온도 센서 (9) 에 의해 검출된 온도는 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도로 간주된다. 전기 히터 (8) 및 온도 센서 (9) 는, 제어기인 전자 제어 유닛 (ECU) (10) 또는 엔진 제어 유닛에 전기적으로 접속되어 있다.On the upstream end surface of the oxidation catalyst 3, an electric heater 8 is arranged, which is a first heating mechanism that can be operated to control the temperature for heating the oxidation catalyst 3. Downstream of the oxidation catalyst 3, a temperature sensor 9 is arranged. In the first preferred embodiment, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 is regarded as the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3. The electric heater 8 and the temperature sensor 9 are electrically connected to an electronic control unit (ECU) 10 or an engine control unit which is a controller.

다음으로, 본 발명의 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템의 작동에 대해 설명한다. 디젤 엔진 (1) 으로부터 배기 통로 (2) 내로 배출된 배기가스는, 먼저 산화 촉매 (3) 에 유입하여, 그곳에서 배기가스에 포함된 NO 의 일부가 산화되어 NO2 를 형성한다. 그 다음으로, 산화 촉매 (3) 를 통과한 배기가스는 DPF (4) 에 유입하여, 배기가스에 포함된 입자상 물질 (PM) 이 DPF (4) 에 포집되고, 포집된 PM 은 배기가스에 포함된 NO2 와 반응하게 되어, 연소 및 제거된다. 그리고, DPF (4) 를 통과한 배기가스는 SCR 촉매 (5) 에 유입된다.Next, the operation of the exhaust gas purification system according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. The exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 1 into the exhaust passage 2 first flows into the oxidation catalyst 3, where a part of the NO contained in the exhaust gas is oxidized to form NO 2 . Next, the exhaust gas passing through the oxidation catalyst 3 flows into the DPF 4 so that particulate matter PM contained in the exhaust gas is collected in the DPF 4, and the collected PM is included in the exhaust gas. Reacts with NO 2 , which is burned and removed. The exhaust gas having passed through the DPF 4 flows into the SCR catalyst 5.

이상에서 설명한 것처럼, NOx 에 대한 SCR 촉매 (5) 의 정화 효율은, NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 일 때 최대로 된다. 디젤 엔진 (1) 으로부터 배출되는 배기가스에 포함된 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비는, 주로 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 의존한다. 도 2 를 참조해 보면, 산화 촉매 (3) 에 의한 NO 에서 NO2 로의 전환율은 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도에 의존한다. 그러므로, ECU (10) 는, 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 기초하여, 전기 히터 (8) 를 제어함으로써, SCR 촉매 (5) 에 유입하는 배기가스에 포함된 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되도록 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도를 조정한다.As described above, the purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst 5 with respect to NO x becomes maximum when the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 is 1: 1. The molar ratio between NO and NO 2 contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 1 mainly depends on the fuel injection amount and engine speed of the diesel engine 1. Referring to FIG. 2, the conversion rate from NO to NO 2 by the oxidation catalyst 3 depends on the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3. Therefore, the ECU 10 controls the electric heater 8 based on the fuel injection amount and the engine speed of the diesel engine 1, so that the NO 10 between NO and NO 2 contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst 5 is reduced. The temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3 is adjusted so that the molar ratio of 1 is 1: 1.

구체적으로, ECU (10) 는, 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 상이한 각각의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 있어서, 도 3 에 나타낸 것처럼 산화 촉매 (3) 및 DPF (4) 를 통과한 배기가스 내 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되는, 실험적으로 획득한 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도에 대한 데이터를 포함하는 데이터 맵을 구비하고 있다. 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 작동 동안, 소정의 시간 간격마다 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도를 결정하고, NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되는 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도를 도 3 의 데이터 맵으로부터 알아낸다. 따라서, ECU (10) 가 전기 히터 (8) 를 제어하여, 온도 센서 (9) 에 의해 검출되는 온도가 도 3 의 데이터 맵으로부터 획득되는 온도와 실질적으로 동일하게 되도록 산화 촉매 (3) 가 가열된다.Specifically, the ECU 10 shows NO and NO in the exhaust gas passing through the oxidation catalyst 3 and the DPF 4 as shown in FIG. 3 at different fuel injection amounts and engine speeds of the diesel engine 1. It is provided with the data map containing the data about the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3 acquired experimentally that molar ratio between two is 1: 1. During operation of the diesel engine 1, the fuel injection amount and engine speed of the diesel engine 1 are determined at predetermined time intervals, and the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3 at which the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 is 1: 1 is determined. Find out from the data map of FIG. Thus, the ECU 10 controls the electric heater 8 so that the oxidation catalyst 3 is heated so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 becomes substantially the same as the temperature obtained from the data map of FIG. 3. .

다시 도 1 을 참조하여 보면, NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되도록 조정된 배기가스가 SCR 촉매 (5) 에 유입할 때, SCR 촉매 (5) 의 상류에서 요소수 공급 노즐 (7) 로부터 배기 통로 (2) 에 공급된 요소수가 가수분해되어 암모니아 및 이산화질소를 형성한다. 그리고, 암모니아와 배기가스의 NOx 가 반응하여, 질소 및 물을 형성한다. SCR 촉매 (5) 에서 반응 또는 소비되지 않고 남아 있는 암모니아는 산화 촉매 (6) 에서 산화된다. 따라서, 배기가스가 정화되어 대기 중으로 배출된다.Referring again to FIG. 1, when the exhaust gas adjusted to the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 is 1: 1, flows into the SCR catalyst 5, the urea water supply nozzle 7 upstream of the SCR catalyst 5. The urea water supplied to the exhaust passage 2 from the hydrolysis is hydrolyzed to form ammonia and nitrogen dioxide. Then, ammonia and NO x in the exhaust gas react to form nitrogen and water. Ammonia remaining unreacted or consumed in the SCR catalyst 5 is oxidized in the oxidation catalyst 6. Therefore, the exhaust gas is purified and discharged to the atmosphere.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 제 1 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템은, 산화 촉매 (3) 에 제공된 전기 히터 (8) 를 제어함으로써, SCR 촉매 (5) 에 유입하는 배기가스에 포함된 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되도록 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도를 조정할 수 있고, 그 결과, 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 작동 조건에 관계없이, SCR 촉매 (5) 의 정화 효율이 최대로 된다. 산화 촉매 (3) 와 SCR 촉매 (5) 사이에 배치된 DPF (4) 에 의해, 배기가스 내 PM 이 제거된다.As described above, the exhaust gas purification system according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is included in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst 5 by controlling the electric heater 8 provided in the oxidation catalyst 3. The temperature of the oxidation catalyst 3 can be adjusted so that the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 thus obtained becomes 1: 1, and as a result, the purification efficiency of the SCR catalyst 5 is reduced regardless of the operating conditions of the diesel engine 1. It is the maximum. The PM in the exhaust gas is removed by the DPF 4 disposed between the oxidation catalyst 3 and the SCR catalyst 5.

다음으로, 본 발명의 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템에 대해 설명한다. 동일한 도면부호는 도 1 의 구성요소와 실질적으로 동일한 구성요소를 가리키고, 그에 대한 설명은 생략한다.Next, an exhaust gas purification system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. Like reference numerals denote components that are substantially the same as those of FIG. 1, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템은, SCR 촉매 (5) 를 가열하기 위해 SCR 촉매 (5) 의 상류측 단면에 배치된 제 2 가열 메커니즘인 부가적인 전기 히터 (211), 및 SCR 촉매 (6) 의 하류에 배치된 부가적인 온도 센서 (212) 를 갖는다. 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 있어서, 온도 센서 (212) 에 의해 검출된 온도는 SCR 촉매 (5) 의 온도로 간주된다. 전기 히터 (211) 및 온도 센서 (212) 는 제어기인 ECU (210) 에 전기적으로 접속되어 있다.The exhaust gas purification system according to the second preferred embodiment is an additional electric heater 211 which is a second heating mechanism disposed in the upstream cross section of the SCR catalyst 5 for heating the SCR catalyst 5, and the SCR catalyst. Has an additional temperature sensor 212 disposed downstream of (6). In the second preferred embodiment, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 212 is regarded as the temperature of the SCR catalyst 5. The electric heater 211 and the temperature sensor 212 are electrically connected to the ECU 210 which is a controller.

일반적으로, SCR 촉매 (5) 가 가장 활성 (active) 으로 되는 온도 범위는 200 ～ 500 ℃ 이다. 그러므로, ECU (10) 는, SCR 촉매 (5) 에 대해 온도 센서 (212) 에 의해 검출되는 온도가 200 ～ 500 ℃ 가 되도록 전기 히터 (211) 를 제어한다. 따라서, 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 따른 배기가스 정화 시스템은, 예컨대 SCR 촉매 (5) 의 온도가 여전히 낮은 냉간 시동시에, 전기 히터 (211) 에 의해 SCR 촉매 (5) 를 가열함으로써, 충분한 정화 효율이 얻어질 때까지의 시간을 단축할 수 있다는 점에서 유리하다.Generally, the temperature range in which the SCR catalyst 5 becomes the most active is 200 to 500 ° C. Therefore, the ECU 10 controls the electric heater 211 so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 212 with respect to the SCR catalyst 5 is 200 to 500 ° C. Thus, the exhaust gas purification system according to the second preferred embodiment is sufficient to purify the SCR catalyst 5 by heating the SCR catalyst 5 by the electric heater 211, for example, at the time of cold start where the temperature of the SCR catalyst 5 is still low. This is advantageous in that the time until it is obtained can be shortened.

제 1 및 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 있어서, 전기 히터 (8) 의 표면을 산화 촉매 (3) 의 층으로 코팅하여, 산화 촉매 (3) 가 전기 히터 (8) 에 의해 담지되고, 따라서 전기적으로 가열되는 촉매 (EHC, Electrically Heated Catalyst) 가 제공될 수 있다. 이와 유사하게, 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 있어서, 전기 히터 (211) 의 표면을 SCR 촉매 (5) 의 층으로 코팅하여, SCR 촉매 (5) 가 전기 히터 (211) 에 의해 담지될 수 있다. 이러한 배치로, 배기가스 정화 시스템을 소형화할 수 있다.In the first and second preferred embodiments, the surface of the electric heater 8 is coated with a layer of the oxidation catalyst 3 so that the oxidation catalyst 3 is supported by the electric heater 8 and thus electrically heated. Electrically Heated Catalyst (EHC) may be provided. Similarly, in the second preferred embodiment, the surface of the electric heater 211 is coated with a layer of the SCR catalyst 5 so that the SCR catalyst 5 can be supported by the electric heater 211. With this arrangement, the exhaust gas purification system can be miniaturized.

제 1 및 제 2 바람직한 실시형태에 있어서, DPF (4) 는 생략될 수 있다. 이 경우, 디젤 엔진 (1) 의 상이한 각각의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 있어서, 산화 촉매 (3) 를 통과한 배기가스 내 NO 와 NO2 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되는, 실험적으로 획득한 산화 촉매 (3) 의 온도에 대한 데이터를 포함하는 데이터 맵이 작성된다.In the first and second preferred embodiments, the DPF 4 can be omitted. In this case, the experimentally obtained oxidation in which the molar ratio between NO and NO 2 in the exhaust gas passing through the oxidation catalyst 3 is 1: 1 at different fuel injection amounts and engine speeds of the diesel engine 1. A data map is created that contains data about the temperature of the catalyst (3).

Claims (10)

내연기관으로부터 배출된 배기가스가 유통하는 배기 통로;
배기가스에 포함된 일산화질소를 이산화질소로 산화시키기 위한 산화 촉매 로서, 상기 배기 통로 내에 배치되는 산화 촉매;
상기 산화 촉매의 하류에 배치되는 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매;
상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매의 상류에서 배기 통로 내에 요소수를 공급하는 요소수 공급 장치;
상기 산화 촉매를 가열하는 제 1 가열 메커니즘; 및
상기 제 1 가열 메커니즘을 제어함으로써, 상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매에 유입하는 배기가스 내 일산화질소와 이산화질소 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되도록 상기 산화 촉매의 온도를 조정하는 제어기를 포함하는 배기가스 정화 시스템.An exhaust passage through which exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine flows;
An oxidation catalyst for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide contained in exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide, comprising: an oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage;
A selective catalytic reduction catalyst disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst;
A urea water supply device for supplying urea water into an exhaust passage upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst;
A first heating mechanism for heating the oxidation catalyst; And
And controlling the first heating mechanism to adjust the temperature of the oxidation catalyst so that the molar ratio between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust gas flowing into the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is 1: 1. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 산화 촉매는 상기 배기 통로에서 제 1 가열 메커니즘에 의해 담지되는 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation catalyst is supported by a first heating mechanism in the exhaust passage. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제 1 가열 메커니즘이 상기 산화 촉매의 상류에 배치되고, 상기 산화 촉매의 하류에 온도 센서가 배치되며, 상기 제 1 가열 메커니즘 및 상기 온도 센서는 상기 제어기에 전기적으로 접속되는 배기가스 정화 시스템.2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first heating mechanism is disposed upstream of the oxidation catalyst, a temperature sensor is disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst, and the first heating mechanism and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the controller. Exhaust gas purification system. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어기는, 내연기관의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 기초하여, 상기 제 1 가열 메커니즘을 제어함으로써 산화 촉매의 온도를 조정하는 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 1, wherein the controller adjusts the temperature of the oxidation catalyst by controlling the first heating mechanism based on the fuel injection amount and the engine speed of the internal combustion engine. 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 제어기는 내연기관의 각각의 연료 분사량 및 엔진 속도에 연관된 산화 촉매의 온도의 데이터를 포함하고, 상기 제어기는, 소정의 시간 간격마다 상기 데이터로부터 일산화질소와 이산화질소 사이의 몰비가 1 : 1 이 되는 산화 촉매의 온도를 알아내는 배기가스 정화 시스템.5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller includes data of temperature of the oxidation catalyst associated with each fuel injection amount and engine speed of the internal combustion engine, wherein the controller is configured to: mole ratio between nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide from the data at predetermined time intervals. An exhaust gas purification system that finds out the temperature of an oxidation catalyst that becomes 1: 1. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매를 가열하는 제 2 가열 메커니즘을 더 구비하는 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 1, further comprising a second heating mechanism for heating the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. 제 6 항에 있어서, 상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매는 상기 배기 통로에서 상기 제 2 가열 메커니즘에 의해 담지되는 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 6, wherein the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is supported by the second heating mechanism in the exhaust passage. 제 6 항에 있어서, 상기 제어기는 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매의 온도가 소정의 범위 내에 있도록 상기 제 2 가열 메커니즘을 제어하는 배기가스 정화 시스템.7. The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 6, wherein the controller controls the second heating mechanism so that the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is within a predetermined range. 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 소정의 범위는 200 ～ 500 ℃ 인 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined range is 200 to 500 ° C. 제 1 항에 잇어서, 상기 산화 촉매와 상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매 사이에 배치된 디젤 파티큘레이트 필터를 더 포함하는 배기가스 정화 시스템.The exhaust gas purification system according to claim 1, further comprising a diesel particulate filter disposed between the oxidation catalyst and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
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