KR101097285B1 - Method for fabricating variable mold using magnetic force and method for forming pattern using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A variable mold manufacturing method using magnetism and a pattern forming method using the same are provided to easily control the curvature of a concave pattern by controlling the density of ferromagnetic particles. CONSTITUTION: A variable mold manufacturing method using magnetism comprises the following steps. A substrate(130) having magnetism is prepared. The depressed section(141) dented toward the inside of a base(140) is formed. The substrate is arranged in the base. In order for a part of the substrate to be guided and curved to the depressed section inside, the magnetic force is applied in the substrate. A concave pattern(131) is formed on substrate.

Description

Variable mold manufacturing method using magnetic and pattern formation method using the same {METHOD FOR FABRICATING VARIABLE MOLD USING MAGNETIC FORCE AND METHOD FOR FORMING PATTERN USING THE SAME}

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetic and a pattern forming method using the same, and more particularly, a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetic and a pattern forming method using the same which can easily produce a variable mold using magnetic. It is about.

In general, a soft mold is prepared by pouring an elastic polymer into an arbitrary mold and engraving or embossing an arbitrary pattern according to the shape of the mold.

Such a soft mold is used to form a micro pattern (pattern formed according to the intaglio or embossment of the soft mold) or to transfer an already manufactured pattern to another substrate. It may be used as a fine pattern or to transfer biomaterials, functional self-assembled materials, nanoparticles, metal films, graphenes, and the like to other substrates.

Soft molds can be produced by curing an elastomer, and typical examples of such elastomers include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In addition to the PDMS, polyurethane, polyimide, or the like may be used.

On the other hand, the soft mold has been frequently used in the field of molds for conventional structures, and has been mainly used as a means for improving the durability of the mold or facilitating pattern transfer by using the soft characteristics of the soft mold. .

However, even in such a soft mold, when the shape of the structure is changed due to a design change or the like, a new soft mold must be newly manufactured after the entire master is newly manufactured, and thus there is a problem that it is uneconomical in terms of time and cost.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem, and to provide a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnet that can easily manufacture a mold having a variable curvature using magnetism.

In addition, the present invention provides a pattern formation method that can easily produce a convex pattern whose curvature is changed at a low cost even during a design change.

The object is, according to the present invention, a substrate preparation step of preparing a substrate having a magnetic; A recessed area forming step of forming a recessed area recessed therein on the base; Aligning the substrate on the base; And a concave pattern forming step of forming a concave pattern having a concave shape on the substrate by applying a magnetic force to the substrate so that a portion of the substrate is attracted into the recessed area. It is achieved by the manufacturing method.

In addition, the base and the substrate may be bonded to each other in the concave pattern forming step.

In addition, the substrate preparation step may include a mixture preparation step of preparing a mixture containing ferromagnetic particles and a polymer resin is mixed; A filling step of filling the mixture into a substrate mold; It may include; a curing step of molding the substrate by curing the mixture.

In addition, the curing step may cure the mixture so that the ferromagnetic particles are moved in the direction of gravity due to its own weight.

In addition, in the curing step, the ferromagnetic particles may be disposed in any one direction to arrange a magnetic material to cure the mixed material.

In the forming of the concave pattern, a magnetic force part having magnetic properties may be disposed on the opposite side of the recessed area of the base.

In addition, the recessed area may be formed on a second surface formed stepped inside between a pair of first surfaces spaced apart from each other.

The curvature of the concave pattern formed on the substrate may include a density of ferromagnetic particles included in the substrate, an intensity of the magnetic force portion, a distance between the magnetic force portion and the substrate, and a separation distance between the pair of first surfaces. It can be determined by at least one.

In addition, the mixture may further include an additive so as to improve at least one of properties of strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and photon efficiency after curing.

In addition, the additive may be at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, glass fibers.

In addition, the polymer resin may be a flexible material.

In addition, the polymer resin may be any one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE: polytetrafluroethylene).

According to the present invention, an injection step of injecting a curable resin into the concave pattern using a concave pattern formed by a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetic as a mold; It is achieved by a pattern forming method comprising a; convex pattern forming step of curing the curable resin to form a convex pattern.

A UV resin filling step of filling a concave pattern with a UV resin by using a concave pattern formed by a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetic as a mold; It is achieved by a pattern forming method comprising a; convex pattern forming step of curing the UV resin to form a convex pattern.

In addition, the curable resin may be any one of a thermosetting resin and a photocurable resin.

In addition, the implantation step may be added after the curing to enhance the properties of at least one of strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, photon efficiency.

In addition, the additive may be at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, glass fibers, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles.

According to the present invention, there is provided a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnet that can easily produce a mold having a curvature using the magnet.

In addition, the curvature of the concave pattern formed by adjusting the density of the ferromagnetic particles can be easily controlled.

Further, the curvature of the concave pattern can be controlled by controlling the shape of the recessed area formed in the base.

In addition, since the substrate on which the concave pattern used as a mold is formed is bonded to the base, and the base supports the substrate, the shape of the concave pattern is not easily deformed by external force, thereby improving durability.

In addition, there is provided a pattern forming method using the same to easily change the curvature in a simple manner and to produce a convex pattern.

1 is a process flowchart of a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to the first, second and third embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a recessed area forming step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an alignment step and a concave pattern forming step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a relationship between the size of the recessed area and the shape of the recessed pattern formed in the recessed pattern forming step of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step of a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetism according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step of a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetism according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a modification of the substrate preparation step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 7;
Figure 9 schematically shows a pattern forming method using a variable mold produced by the method of manufacturing a variable model of the present invention.

Prior to the description, in the various embodiments, components having the same configuration will be representatively described in the first embodiment using the same reference numerals, and in other embodiments, different configurations from the first embodiment will be described. do.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a variable mold manufacturing method (S100) using a magnet according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a process flowchart of a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to the first, second and third embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention (S100) may include preparing a substrate (S110), forming a recessed area (S120), aligning (S130), and forming a concave pattern. Step S140 is included.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 1.

Referring to Figure 2, the substrate preparation step (S110) is a step for producing a substrate 130 to form a concave pattern is the final variable mold, the mixture preparation step (S111) and filling step (S112) and curing step (S113).

The mixing material preparing step (S111) is a step of preparing the mixing material 110 having magnetic properties. In this step, the ferromagnetic particles 111 are mixed with the liquid polymer resin 112 to prepare the mixing material 110.

As the ferromagnetic particles 111 used in the present embodiment, nano or micro particles such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and iron (Fe) may be used. In the present embodiment, the polymer resin 112 may be any one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS: PolyDimethylSiloxane) or polytetrafluoroethyl (PTFE: polytetrafluroethylene), and may be a polymer resin having flexibility even after curing. This is not restrictive.

In addition, the mixture 110 may further include a separate non-ferromagnetic additive to be mixed so as to improve characteristics such as strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, photon efficiency, and the like.

Such additives may be used by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNT: Carbon NanoTube), carbon fibers, glass fibers or two or more thereof, and are not limited thereto, as long as they help to improve the properties of the mixture after curing.

The filling step (S112) is a step of filling the liquid mixture 110 in a predetermined substrate mold 120 in order to implement the shape of the substrate 130 to be aligned to the base 140 to be described later.

In the present embodiment, the substrate mold 120 that determines the shape of the substrate 130 is configured to have a flat plate shape recessed therein, and fills the mixture 110 in the substrate mold 120. Meanwhile, the substrate 130 formed by curing the mixture 110 afterwards by applying a separate release agent to a surface where the substrate mold 120 and the mixture 110 contact each other before the mixture 110 is filled with the substrate mold 120. It can be easily released from.

The curing step (S113) is a step of producing a substrate 130 by curing the mixed material 110 arranged flat. This curing step (S113) is a process that allows the cured substrate 130 to express the flexibility that is a unique characteristic of the material, the final curing of the mixture 110 through the conditions generally known in the art.
For example, when polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS: PolyDimethylSiloxane) is used as the polymer resin and mixed with ferromagnetic particles to prepare the mixture 110, the mixture 110 may be a drug that corresponds to the conventional curing conditions of polydimethylsiloxane. The heat at 70 ° C. may be cured by applying about 1 hour.
Therefore, according to the present curing step (S113), the planar substrate 130 having flexibility is finally produced by curing the mixture 110 under general conditions.

3 schematically illustrates a step of forming a recessed region in the method of manufacturing a variable mold using the magnet of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 3, the step of forming the recessed area (S120) is a step of forming the recessed area 141 having a rectangular cross section recessed inward on the base 140.

The upper surface of the base 140 is disposed in a region between the pair of first surfaces 142 and the pair of first surfaces 142 spaced apart from each other by the recessed area forming step S120. The second surface 143 is formed, and the recessed region 141 means a region recessed inward on the second surface 143.

On the other hand, since the curvature of the concave pattern 131 formed on the substrate 130 is determined later by the separation distance formed by the pair of neighboring first surface 142, the second surface in consideration of this It is preferable that the length of 143, that is, the separation distance between the first surfaces 142 is determined.

The recessed region 141 formed in the base 140 may be formed by any one of e-beam lithography, nano lithography, and imprinting, but is not limited thereto. .

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an alignment step and a concave pattern forming step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 4A, the alignment step S130 is a step of aligning a region where the concave pattern 131 of the substrate 130 is to be formed on the recessed region 141 of the base 140.

That is, the region where the concave pattern 131 is to be formed later on the substrate 130 is aligned with the recessed region 141.

The concave pattern forming step S140 is a step of forming the concave pattern 131 on the substrate 130 used as the final mold manufactured in the present embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4B, in a state in which the substrate 130 is aligned and disposed on the recessed region 141 of the base 140, the magnetic layer is formed on the opposite side of the recessed region 141 of the base 140. Place the magnetic force unit 150 having a.

Referring to FIG. 4C, the substrate 130 having magnetism by the ferromagnetic particles 111 is attracted toward the base 140 by the magnetic force part 150, and is opposed to the first surface 142. The region of the substrate 130 disposed is in contact with the first surface 142, and the region of the substrate 130 disposed corresponding to the second surface 143 flows into the recessed region 141 and is bent.

That is, the region of the substrate 130 aligned above the recessed region 141 by the attractive force between the magnetic force unit 150 and the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the substrate 130 deforms into a concave shape with a predetermined curvature. The concave pattern 131 is formed.

Therefore, the substrate 130 on which the concave pattern 131 is formed may be used as a mold for forming a predetermined structure.

On the other hand, concave by controlling the strength of the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the substrate 130, the type of the ferromagnetic particles 111, the strength of the magnetic force portion 150, the distance between the substrate 130 and the magnetic force portion 150, etc. The curvature of the pattern 131 can be adjusted.

In addition, the length of the cross section of the second surface 143 of the base 140, that is, the separation distance between the pair of first surfaces 142 and the shape of the recessed area 141 also affect the curvature change of the concave pattern 131. Therefore, by considering this, the concave pattern 131 can be manufactured.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a relationship between the size of the recessed area and the shape of the concave pattern formed in the concave pattern forming step of FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the shape of the concave pattern 131 formed according to the size of the recessed region 141, that is, the length of the cross section of the second surface. In other words, assuming that the same attraction force occurs between the substrate 130 and the magnetic force unit 150, as shown in FIG. 6B, the concave pattern 131 when the size of the recessed area is small is shown in FIG. 6. It can be seen that the curvature of the recessed region of (a) is smaller than that of the concave pattern 131.

On the other hand, in the concave pattern forming step (S140) of the present embodiment, the substrate 130 and the base 140 are bonded to each other by the magnetic force generated from the magnetic force unit 150, so that the substrate 130 having the concave pattern 131 is formed By being fixed on the base 140, the shape deformation of the concave pattern 131 formed on the substrate 130 may not easily occur.

However, the substrate 130 and the base 140 may be bonded to be detachable by the magnetic force of the magnetic force unit 150. Plasma treatment of the substrate 130 may increase surface energy and permanently bond the base 140 to further improve durability of the concave pattern 131 used as a mold.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to a second embodiment of the present invention (S200) will be described in detail.

Referring to Figure 1, the variable mold manufacturing method (S200) using a magnet according to a second embodiment of the present invention is a substrate preparation step (S210), recessed area forming step (S220) and alignment step (S230) and concave pattern formation Step S240 is included. However, since the recessed area forming step S220 is the same as in the variable mold manufacturing method S100 using magnetism according to the first embodiment, duplicate description is omitted.

6 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step (S210) of the variable mold manufacturing method (S200) using magnetism according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, the substrate preparation step (S210) is a step of preparing a substrate 130 to serve as a final mold by forming a concave pattern 131, and preparing a mixed material (S211) and a filling step ( S212) and a curing step (S213).

In the mixing material preparing step (S211), the ferromagnetic particles 111, the polymer resin 112, and the additives are mixed in the same manner as in the first embodiment to prepare a liquid mixing material 110.

In the filling step S212, the mixture 110 is filled in the substrate mold 120 as in the first embodiment.

In the curing step (S213) to control the curing conditions such as time, temperature, pressure such that the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the mixed material 110 filled in the substrate mold 120 to move in the direction of gravity by its own weight Thus, the substrate 130 is produced.

Therefore, the density of the ferromagnetic particles 111 dense on one surface of the substrate 130 formed in the curing step (S213) of the present embodiment is measured to be higher than the density of the ferromagnetic particles 111 dense on the other side.

The alignment step S230 is to align the region where the concave pattern 131 of the substrate 130 is to be formed to correspond to the recessed region 141 of the base 140. However, unlike the first embodiment, the substrate 130 is disposed such that the surface having the high ferromagnetic particle density 110 of the substrate 130 faces the surface where the recessed region 141 is formed.

The concave pattern forming step (S240) is a step of forming the concave pattern 131 on the substrate 130 as in the first embodiment.

In the state in which the substrate 130 is aligned on the base 140 by the alignment step S230, the magnetic force part 150 having magnetic properties is disposed on the opposite side of the base 140 on which the recessed area 141 is formed. .

As a result, the substrate 130 having the magnetism by the ferromagnetic particles 111 receives the attraction force toward the base 140 by the magnetic force part 150 and is disposed to correspond to the first surface 142. The region of the first surface 142 contacts the first surface 142, and the region of the substrate 130 disposed to correspond to the second surface 143 flows into the recessed region 141 to be bent.

That is, the region of the substrate 130 aligned on the recessed region 141 by the attractive force between the magnetic force unit 150 and the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the substrate 130 deforms into a concave shape with a predetermined curvature. The concave pattern 131 is formed on the substrate 130.

At this time, in the alignment step (S230) to reduce the physical distance between the magnetic force portion 150 and the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the substrate 130 so that the surface of the high density of the ferromagnetic particles 111 is opposed to the recessed region. By increasing the attraction force generated, the concave pattern 131 having a larger curvature may be formed on the substrate 130.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to a third embodiment of the present invention (S300) will be described in detail.

Referring to FIG. 1, in the method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to a third embodiment of the present invention (S300), a substrate preparation step S310, a recessed area forming step S320, an alignment step S330, and a concave pattern are formed. Step S340 is included. However, since the recessed area forming step S320, the alignment step S330, and the concave pattern forming step S340 are the same as those of the variable mold manufacturing method S200 using magnetism according to the second embodiment, redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a substrate preparation step of a method of manufacturing a variable mold using magnetism according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, the substrate preparation step S310 is a step of manufacturing the substrate 130 serving as the final mold as in the second embodiment, and preparing a mixture material step S311 and a filling step S312. It includes a curing step (S313).

In the mixing material preparing step (S311), the ferromagnetic particles 111, the polymer resin 112, and the additives are mixed in the same manner as in the second embodiment to prepare a liquid mixing material 110.

In the filling step S312, the mixture 110 is filled in the substrate mold 120 as in the second embodiment.

In the curing step (S313), unlike moving the ferromagnetic particles using only gravity in the second embodiment, the magnetic material 160 having a magnetic force is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate mold 120, and filled in the substrate mold 120 The substrate 130 is manufactured by controlling curing conditions such as time, temperature, and pressure so that the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the mixed material 110 move downward by the magnetic body 160.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a modification of the substrate preparation step of the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnet of FIG. 7.

In the filling step (S313) of the present embodiment, the magnetic body 160 is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate mold 120, but as shown in FIG. 9, in the filling step (S313) of the modification, the magnetic body 160 is formed of the mixture 110. The substrate 130 may be manufactured by controlling the curing conditions such as time, temperature, and pressure so that the ferromagnetic particles 111 move in the opposite direction to the gravity, that is, upward.

According to the curing step (S313) of the present embodiment, by additionally placing the magnetic body 160, to control the movement of the ferromagnetic particles 111 during the curing process, the density of the ferromagnetic particles 110 included in the substrate 130 Adjustable

In addition, in the concave pattern forming step (S340), the attractive force applied to the substrate 130 may be controlled by the magnetic force part 150 according to the density of the ferromagnetic particles 111 included in the substrate 130. The curvature of the concave pattern 131 formed in the can be controlled.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a structure using a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetism according to the present invention will be described.

9 schematically illustrates a pattern forming method using a variable mold manufactured by a variable mold manufacturing method using magnetic of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, the pattern forming method of the present embodiment includes an injection step S151 and a convex pattern forming step S152.

Injecting step (S151) is a step of filling the curable resin in the recess pattern by using a substrate produced by the above-described method as a mold.

In addition, a reinforcing agent may be added to the curable resin so as to improve characteristics such as strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and photon efficiency of the final convex pattern 170.

Such a reinforcing agent may be used by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNT: Carbon NanoTube), carbon fiber, glass fiber, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles or two or more thereof, and after curing, the characteristics of the convex pattern 170 are improved. Anything that helps is not limited to this.

The convex pattern forming step (S152) is a step of forming the convex pattern 170 by curing by applying ultraviolet light or applying heat to the curable resin. In the convex pattern forming step (S152), the curable resin is cured by applying heat or ultraviolet light under conditions well known in the art, and according to the present process, the convex pattern 170 having a predetermined curvature may be manufactured.

On the other hand, the convex pattern 170 manufactured in the present embodiment can be used as a lens, by adjusting the curvature of the concave pattern in a variety of ways as described above, when the final convex pattern 170 is used as a lens The focal length can be adjusted.

The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but may be embodied in various forms of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. Without departing from the gist of the invention claimed in the claims, it is intended that any person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains falls within the scope of the claims described in the present invention to various extents which can be modified.

110: mixed material 142: first side
120: substrate mold 143: second surface
130: substrate 150: magnetic portion
140: base 160: magnetic material
141: depression area

Claims (16)

Preparing a substrate having a magnetic substrate;
A recessed area forming step of forming a recessed area recessed therein on the base;
Aligning the substrate on the base;
And a concave pattern forming step of forming a concave pattern having a concave shape on the substrate by applying a magnetic force to the substrate so that a portion of the substrate is attracted into the recessed area. How to make. The method of claim 1,
Method of manufacturing a variable mold using a magnetic, characterized in that for bonding the base and the substrate in the concave pattern forming step The method of claim 2,
The substrate preparation step may include a mixture preparation step of preparing a mixture in which ferromagnetic particles and a polymer resin are mixed; A filling step of filling the mixture into a substrate mold; Curing step of forming a substrate by curing the mixture material; variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic comprising a. The method of claim 3,
The hardening step is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that for curing the mixture so that the ferromagnetic particles are moved in the gravity direction by the weight (self-weight). The method of claim 3,
The hardening step is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that the magnetic material is disposed so that the ferromagnetic particles are moved in any one direction to cure the mixture. The method of claim 3,
The concave pattern forming step of manufacturing a variable mold using the magnetic, characterized in that for placing the magnetic portion having a magnet on the opposite side of the depression region of the base. The method of claim 6,
The recessed area is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that formed on the second surface formed stepped inward between the pair of first surface spaced apart from each other. The method of claim 7, wherein
The curvature of the concave pattern formed on the substrate may include a density of ferromagnetic particles included in the substrate, an intensity of the magnetic force portion, a shape of the recessed region, a distance between the magnetic force portion and the substrate, and the pair of first surfaces. Variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that determined by at least one of the separation distance between. The method of claim 3,
The mixed material is a variable mold manufacturing method characterized in that the additive further comprises so as to improve at least one of the properties of strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, photon efficiency after curing. 10. The method of claim 9,
The additive is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, glass fibers, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles. The method of claim 3,
The polymer resin is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that the flexible (flexible) material. The method of claim 11,
The polymer resin is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that any one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane) or polytetrafluoroethyl (PTFE: polytetrafluroethylene). An injection step of injecting a curable resin into the concave pattern by using the concave pattern formed by the variable mold manufacturing method using the magnetism of claim 1 as a mold;
Convex pattern forming step of curing the curable resin to form a convex pattern; pattern forming method comprising a. The method of claim 13,
The curable resin is a pattern forming method, characterized in that any one of a thermosetting resin or photocurable resin. The method of claim 14,
The injection molding method of the variable mold, characterized in that for adding the reinforcing agent to improve the properties of at least one of strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, photon efficiency after curing. 16. The method of claim 15,
The additive is a variable mold manufacturing method using a magnetic, characterized in that at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, glass fibers, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles.

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