KR101060545B1 - Writing instrument with inlay magnetic case and method of manufacturing inlay magnet for writing instrument case - Google Patents

Abstract

A writing instrument having a body having a handle portion including a pen and a body positioned above the grip section (opposite the pen), and a cap configured to surround the handle portion including the pen of the body. In the present invention, there is disclosed a writing instrument having a inlaid magnetic case and a method of manufacturing a inlaid magnetic case used therein, characterized in that the surface of at least one cylindrical portion of the body or the lid is made of porcelain fabricated by the inlay technique.

According to the present invention, when using a magnetic pen as a writing instrument case using a thin thickness without the problem of weight or thickness, but without excessive cost or effort can be added to the fine inlay by applying a sophisticated inlay technique in the thin thickness, the material of the magnetic It is possible to provide a magnetic writing instrument having a configuration suitable for preserving the ink for writing therein, and a method of manufacturing the inlaid magnetic case, by overcoming the limitation of the image and being able to resist a shock while being thin.

Description

Writing instrument having inlaid celadon case and method of making the inlaid celadon case}

The present invention relates to a writing instrument having a ceramic case.

Porcelain is a very old household tool and is processed at very high temperatures, making it very stable as a material and giving it a beautiful and luxurious feel due to its surface gloss. Therefore, through simple basic processing, it is often used as a general life container as a bowl, bowl, etc., but it forms various forms, expresses paintings, letters, etc., and treats as vases, stationery, etc. It is often a trade item.

In recent years, attempts have been made to apply magnetism to various articles by using such characteristics and images of magnetism.

In the field of writing utensils, there have been attempts to combine the techniques of pottery to make a case using the luxurious appearance and texture of pottery. Montblanc, famous for fountain pens and other writing instruments, made Madame de Pompadour in collaboration with Meissen, a German pottery renowned for its pottery, and later, Sakura, Dragon 2000, Newel 'series has been produced.

Sailor Fountain Pens is also making ceramic pens in collaboration with Zen Emon Kirn and Koransha, which make Arita ware.

Each of these existing ceramic pens uses their own unique ceramic manufacturing techniques to make ceramic cases, and then assemble them into cases such as fountain pens to complete the product. Pottery writing implements thus widely symbolize the technical and cultural pride of the country of origin and serve as a tool to promote it.

The Republic of Korea also has a legacy of Goryeo Inlay Celadon, which is a cutting-edge technology and a representative ceramic of original and aesthetic value. Inlaid celadon was first introduced to ceramics by the craftsmanship of Goryeo by the craftsmanship of Goryeo lacquerware and metal crafts. have. Therefore, it would be meaningful to introduce Korea's original and aesthetically superior inlaid celadon into writing instruments such as ceramic fountain pens, to keep Korea's ceramic skills and cultural pride, and to continue to develop the inlaid celadon tradition.

However, when using pottery as a case of writing instruments such as fountain pens, it is true that there is also an unsuitable property due to differences with existing synthetic resins and metals. For example, in order to use a ceramic case, such as a fountain pen, it is necessary to form a very thin ceramic in order to maintain a size and mass that is not inconvenient to carry. In such a case, it is difficult to make an accurate shape. In addition, in order to apply the unique ceramic technology of the production subject to ceramic writing instruments, new application techniques for applying various magnetic processing techniques to writing instruments are required, but it is not easy to develop such application techniques. For example, applying the inlay technique to a thin ceramic case is very difficult to express a clear and accurate form. In addition, when the magnetism is made thinner, it is weak to external shocks and thus may be easily broken. Therefore, a technique for compensating for this is also required.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-described magnetic writing implement and its manufacturing method, and an object thereof is to provide a magnetic writing instrument using a damaging technique which has not been attempted in the past and a manufacturing method thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic writing instrument and a method of manufacturing the same, which overcome the limitations on the material of the porcelain and which are thin and can resist impact, and which have a configuration suitable for preserving the ink for writing therein.

Magnetic writing instruments of the present invention for achieving the above object,

A writing instrument having a body having a handle portion including a pen and a body positioned above the grip section (opposite the pen), and a cap configured to surround the handle portion including the pen of the body. In, the surface of at least one cylindrical portion of the body or the lid is characterized in that made of porcelain produced by the inlay technique.

In the present invention, the surface of the porcelain is formed to a thickness of 1.0 ± 0.2mm, the inner cylinder of the ebonite material may be installed inside the porcelain.

The writing instrument of the present invention may be most suitably a fountain pen, the lid is formed with a clip on the end side, the end side of the inner cylinder may be closed to maintain the airtight to prevent the ink from drying through the nib.

Magnetic manufacturing method for writing instruments of the present invention for achieving the above object,

Prototyping step of producing a prototype, mold manufacturing step of manufacturing a plaster mold using a circle, body forming step of forming the body by a drain casting method of slip casting (slip casting) using a mold (the gypsum The flowable material in which the material is suspended in water in the mold is hardened from the surface, and after a certain period of time, the material that is not hardened is removed, and the solidified material formed on the inner surface of the mold is demolded from the mold). It characterized in that it comprises a inlay processing step to express the form, the first baking step for baking the base at a low temperature to cure, an oiling step, a baking step of baking the base at a high temperature to obtain the inlay magnetic.

In the manufacturing method of the present invention, in the step of producing a circle, at least a part of the portion to be engraved in the step of performing the inlaid method is expressed in a shallow intaglio, while the engraved part has a relatively steep inclination toward the base of the circle, toward the end. Has a relatively gentle slope, and in the process of making the gypsum mold, the silicon mold is formed by covering the silicon on a circle, the silicon is poured into the silicon mold to make the silicon stripping mold, and the plaster is placed on the silicon stripping mold. Demoulding may be provided to make a gypsum mold.

In the method of the present invention, the fluid-bearing material may be such that the present ash is included in the range of 2 ± 1% of the solid powder material, and a peptizing agent corresponding to 1 ± 0.5% of the solid powder material is included with water.

In the method of the present invention, the body may be formed to a thickness of 1.0 ± 0.2mm, the body is initially formed in the form of a container with one end blocked, the process of forming a hole in the center of the block at the end of the body before the firing step is And processing to remove the clogged end with holes after the firing step can take place.

In the method of the present invention, in the case of engraving a shallow intaglio of the circular surface, in the inlay processing step, the intaglio may be made by a method of forming a deep intaglio using this shallow intaglio, before filling the dichroic material into the deep intaglio portion It may be further provided with a step of applying a mixture of thickening material on the surface of the body, and the surface shaping step of cutting the surface of the body in the state filled with the dichroic material to contrast the two-colored material and the body is subjected to a plurality of sandpapers of different roughness It can carry out using it sequentially. In this case, after the low-temperature firing step, before the seeding step, the substrate and the dichroic material boundary are wiped with water to remove the thickener from this part in advance, so that it is preferable that the processing is performed so that no step occurs on the surface due to the thickener in the firing step.

In addition, when the surface of the substrate is wiped with water mixed with a thickener before the filling step of the dichroic pigment, the base material is placed in the gypsum mold with a liquid material in which other materials are suspended in water in the body forming step. When removing the metal mold, it is preferable that the gypsum mold is inverted vertically without any inclination to remove the material that is not hardened, so that the side thickness can be evened.

In the present invention, the flowable material is 30% feldspar, 10% quartzite, 25% pottery stone, China clay 21%, China clay 10%, bone ash (bone ash) 2%, the powder in the powder material mixed 2% It is formed by mixing the peptizing agent and water corresponding to 1% of the material mass, the first roasting step is made at 715 ℃ to 730 ℃, the firing step may be made at 1239 ℃ to 1250 ℃.

According to the present invention, when using a magnetic pen as a writing instrument case, it is possible to add a beauty by applying a sophisticated inlaid method within the thin thickness without excessive cost or effort while using a thin thickness of the magnet without weight or thickness problems.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a magnetic writing instrument and a method of manufacturing the same, which overcome the limitations on the material of the porcelain and can be thin and resistant to impact, and have a configuration suitable for preserving the ink for writing therein.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a front sectional view showing a cross section of a fountain pen according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The overall configuration of the fountain pen is according to the most common example, but is not limited thereto. The fountain pen is largely divided into a cap (cap) and the main body, and the lid is divided into a lid holder 20 and a clip holder portion 60 which serves to fix the clip to the lid case. The lid case 20 has a substantially cylindrical surface layer as the inlaid magnetic case 23 of the present invention, and an inner ebonite cylinder 21 is located inside. Ebonite inner cylinder 21 may have the characteristics of the hard synthetic resin and the rubber properties to absorb the external shock to serve to protect the surface damaging magnetic case 23 breakage. The ebonite inner cylinder 21 and the inlaid magnetic case 23 are joined by the adhesive layer 25 of the contact portion. Ebonite inner cylinder 21 is closed to the end of the clip 40 is coupled to serve to seal the fountain pen inside. Therefore, the medium is prevented from evaporating from the ink of the nib of the fountain pen, so that the fountain pen can be used even if it is not used for a long time.

The end of the closed ebonite inner cylinder 21 is formed with a screw groove 211 on the outside. Accordingly, the clip 40 having the coupling screw hole at the end of the lid case 20 is provided, and the screw 63 of the clip holder portion engages the screw hole of the clip 40 while engaging the clip holder portion 60 thereon. It penetrates and engages with the screw groove 211 of the inner cylinder of ebonite.

The open side end of the lid case 20 may be combined with the metal finish 27 to prevent breakage of the inlaid magnetic case 23, while providing a sense of metal.

The body has a nib 70 and a feedbar coupled together at the end of the grip section 80, and a thread is formed at the other end of the grip 80 to allow the body 90 to form a barrel. ) Is combined. Inside the body 90, a cartridge 100 for storing ink is installed to be combined with a feed bar. The body 90 corresponds to a case of the main body and, like the lid case 20, an adhesive for coupling the inner cylinder inner body 91 and the inlaid magnetic body case 93, the inner core inner body 91 and the inlaid magnetic body case 93. With layer 95. At the rear of the body, a metal holder may be coupled to the end of the ebonite inner cylinder 91.

Here too, the ebonite inner cylinder 91 serves to prevent breakage of the upper potato body case 93 on the surface by absorbing an external impact.

The inlay magnetic material case of the lid case 20 and the body 90 is literally made of the inlay technique, and the magnet is formed in a thickness range of 1 ± 0.2mm.

The inlay magnetic case can be polished and glazed on the surface of the magnetic surface and the pattern made of the inlay technique can give a beautiful and elegant feeling.In particular, the inlay technique can convey the unique aesthetics of Goryeo celadon. Patterns can be contrasted sharply with surface coloring.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the inlaid magnetic case will be described.

First, the inlaid porcelain is carved into plaster to form a circle. At this time, the pattern is made by the inlay technique of the final product, it is not necessary to express the pattern in the circle, but for the convenience of production, the pattern can be expressed shallowly on the surface intaglio. At this time, it is preferable that the shape line indicating the shape has a steep slope on the base side and a gentle slope on the end side.

In other words, when a pattern is formed on the substrate by the inlay technique for the production of the product, if the line is weakly expressed on the substrate, it is easier to form than in the case where the line is deeply engraved along the line in the inlay work. , May indicate a pattern. However, if the lines expressing the shape and pattern on the surface of the gypsum mold and the base made by the gypsum mold are convex or concave, respectively, it is not easy to demold the base in the gypsum mold, so the line to be engraved in the circle has a shallow depth. In consideration of the direction of the demoulding, the shape line intaglio has a gentle slope at the end and a steep slope at the base.

Next, when the gypsum prototype is formed, the liquid silicon is laminated and hardened outside the gypsum prototype to form a silicone mold. After demolding the silicone mold from the gypsum prototype, a mold release agent or a mold release agent is applied to the inner surface of the silicone mold, and the liquid silicone is sieved. At this time, the inside of the silicone mold is still substantially empty, and the inside of the silicone mold is about the same size as the gypsum prototype, but a small volume of gypsum mold is formed so that the liquid silicone has an approximately constant thickness between the inside of the silicone mold and the outer surface of the plaster mold. Harden. When the liquid silicone is hardened, the base of the gypsum mold (223 of FIG. 2) is grasped and the transition mold 220 is demolded from the silicone mold. At this time, in order to increase the adhesion between the silicon portion 221 of the transition surface and the inner gypsum mold, the gypsum surface 225 may be provided with a structure for increasing the wire mesh or other surface area.

The surface is a silicone part 221, the inside is a transition type 220 made of a plaster type, put a mold release agent on the surface and then put in a mold, pour a plaster dough (dough of plaster and water) in the remaining space of the mold, curing the plaster dough Let's do it. When the mold 220 is demolded from the hardened gypsum, a gypsum mold 210 for making inlaid magnetic is made.

On the inner surface of the gypsum mold 210, a shallow intaglio shape of a gypsum circle appears as an embossment, and in the embossment 211, the base side 223 is steeply inclined at the end side with a gentle inclined portion 211a in consideration of the direction of demoulding. Part 211b is formed.

The gypsum mold 210 is combined with a mold lid 230 having a hole (233 of FIG. 3) in the form of a gypsum-shaped base 223 or a material suspension into the gypsum mold 210. This prepares the entire mold.

Next, the base is formed by casting using a mold. In more detail, an embodiment of the present invention uses a drain casting method among slip casting as a casting method. That is, the fluid-bearing material in which the material is suspended in water is put into the gypsum mold. Flowable materials consist of 30% feldspar, 10% quartzite, 25% pottery stone, 21% Chinese clay, 21% Chinese clay, 2% bone ash, and 2% pigment. It was formed by mixing a peptizer and water. The viscosity of the flowable base material can be adjusted by the amount of peptizer and water. As the composition of the pigment 2%, in this embodiment, for example, 4521 0.8%, 4100 0.9%, No 203 0.3% can be used to implement the celadon. CF44 may be used as the peptizing agent. Here, the ash can increase the strength of the porcelain, which is about 2% of composition or firing, and the peptizing agent increases the fluidity in the flowable material and facilitates the rapid pouring and removal of bubbles into the mold without bubbles. It has a function to prevent defects.

Using the excellent hygroscopic properties of the gypsum mold, the fluid holding material is hardened from the surface in contact with the gypsum mold, and after the predetermined time (landing time) elapses, the non-hardening material is removed. The hardened body formed on the mold inner surface is further dried for 12 to 13 hours and then demolded from the mold. Landing time can be adjusted according to the body thickness.

In this embodiment, the landing time was 40 to 50 seconds to form the body thickness in the range of 1.2 ± 0.5 mm (the thickness after firing was 1.1 ± 0.5 mm in consideration of the shrinkage rate), and the thickness of the body was 1.3 ± 0.5 mm (after firing). In consideration of the shrinkage rate, the landing time was 60 seconds to 70 seconds to form a thickness of 1.2 ± 0.5 mm.

Referring to FIG. 3, the gypsum mold 210 is completely inverted as shown in FIG. 3 to remove the non-hardened material from the mold lid 230 in the direction of the arrow F through the hole 233. Usually, in the drain casting method for forming ceramics, the mold is inclined by supporting one side of the mold and not the other. However, in order to obtain a thin base 300 having the same side wall thickness as the present invention, the gypsum mold is Both sides of the 210 were supported by the pedestal 240 so as to be completely upside down and prevented from inclining. If the thickness of the holding sidewalls is not constant, the thinning sidewalls will be partially recessed and tilted down in the firing step (replaced by the expression 'recall occurs'), resulting in a defect in which the shape deviates from the desired shape.

The body demolded in the gypsum mold 210 is initially formed in a container shape in which one end 350 is blocked, such as the body 300 before demolding in FIG. 3, and due to the presence of the gypsum mold cap 230 at the other end A flange portion 340 is present around the hole into which the fluid bearing material is poured. The flange portion 340 becomes a portion placed on the bottom of the kiln when firing the base 300, and may also serve to assist the base 300 to maintain a circular shape when firing.

For the demolded base 300, a pattern is formed by a damascene method. In this pattern formation step, the worker first expresses the shape intaglio on the surface of the body. By the way, when the shape is expressed in a shallow thickness on the surface when manufacturing the plaster prototype, the intaglio can be formed more easily using this fine form as a pattern. When the thickness of the body is 1.2mm, the intaglio depth is preferably 0.5 to 0.6mm, which is about half of the thickness of the body in order to accurately represent the inlay pattern.

When the engraved body is finished, wet the surface with water and fill the engraved space with the underlying blue-purple color and other colored materials. In this case, in order to apply water, a soft fiber such as a sponge may be wetted and used. It is preferable to use a thickener of about 3% of the water volume, such as CMC, in water to increase the adhesion of dichroic pigments. As the dichroic pigment, white and dark green color may be used. These substrates are formed using materials having substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient (linear expansion coefficient: 6.3 × 10 ⁻⁶ m / ° C.) so as not to be separated from the underlying blue violet substrate in the subsequent firing process. First, you can paint it, fill it with white matter, paint it again, and fill it with dark green stuff.

After filling the dichroic material, remove the dichroic material on the base material from the areas other than the intaglio area, remove the portion that is more steep than the periphery of the engraved area, and make the surface of the base material and the dichroic part sharply contrasted. Do scratch work. In this case, the thickness of the body is very thin compared to the general ceramics, and since the retrieval may occur due to the difference in the thickness of the wall in the subsequent firing process, the work of scraping the surface is also performed very precisely. For example, 3M's M.M.Film (micro finishing film), which is used for precision machining, is rubbed with different roughness to clean the surface. For example, firstly, shave off using 240 (60 micrometers), secondly, shave off using 600 (30 micrometers), then shave off using 2000 times (9 micrometers) Make sure there are no gaps between your fill and your base.

Next, first roasting is carried out on the possession of the inlay work. The initial roasting temperature is conducted in a cone 0.17 ~ 0.18 (715 ~ 730 ℃), and proceeds for 10 hours to 11 hours. However, the temperature in the kiln should be raised slowly to prevent cracking of the base, and the calcination temperature should be kept well to increase the absorption power of the roasting.

After finishing the roasting, use a water sponge to wipe the surface well. And it is made to dry enough for 20 minutes at 100 degreeC temperature. Wiping the roasting surface with water is to remove as much of the CMC components used to fill the dichroic as possible from the dichroic and ground substrate boundaries. If it is not removed sufficiently, glazing is applied, and after the firing step, a step or depression can be seen at the boundary between the patterned base material and the dichroic material, thereby deteriorating the aesthetics of the surface.

After roasting, apply oil. Use glaze as a clear glaze, use 38 'to 40' Beome, dry for 30 minutes, and rub the glazed surface to distribute the glaze evenly.

After glazing, plastic processing is performed. Zegelcon can be used to measure the temperature of the firing, and the firing temperature is about 7 to 8 cones (1239 to 1250 ° C), and the time is performed for 11 to 12 hours. Even at this time, the firing temperature may be gradually raised to prevent the phenomenon of bleeding back and tilting the product. In addition, in this case, it is preferable to form the hole 310 at the center of the center as shown in FIG. The hole at the other end formed by the hole (233 of FIG. 3) for pouring the fluid retaining material may also serve to prevent the recall from occurring, and the other end thereof. The flange portion 340 around the hole of the forming a part that touches the bottom when putting the roasting in the kiln.

After the firing is completed, the closed end where the hole 310 is formed in the center and the lower end where the flange 340 is formed are removed using a diamond wheel or the like along the dotted lines C1 and C2 of FIG. 4. As a result, the upper and lower portions are opened as shown in FIG. 5 to complete the inlaid magnetic case 300 '. 4 and 5, the intaglio portion filled with the dichroic material 320 of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 is inclined so that the end portion and the base portion are different from the shallow form of the plaster mold or the plaster circle.

The finished inlaid magnetic case is covered with the outside of the ebonite inner cylinder 21 of the lid and the body of the fountain pen, as shown in Figure 6, the adhesive is applied to the outer wall of the ebonite inner cylinder 21, the inlaid magnetic case 300 'and the ebonite inner cylinder (21) ) Is bonded by an adhesive layer 25.

Although the present invention has been described in detail only with respect to the specific embodiments described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the technical spirit of the present invention, and such modifications and modifications belong to the appended claims. .

1 is a front sectional view showing a cross section of a fountain pen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of demolding the total detachment from the silicon mold in one step of the process for forming a gypsum mold for inlay magnetic case in the method of the present invention,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the step of forming the body by the drain casting method using a plaster mold for inlaid magnetic case in the method of the present invention,

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a hole is formed in the center of the closed end of the base before firing after firing the inlaid magnetic body demolded in the plaster mold in the method of the present invention,

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the upper and lower ends of the body is completed by removing the unnecessary upper and lower ends after baking in the state of Figure 4;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the inlaid celadon case of FIG. 5 is coupled to an inner box of an ebonite of a fountain pen lid. FIG.

Claims (11)

A cap having a handle portion including a nib and a body positioned above the grip section (opposite the pen), and a cap configured to surround the handle portion including the nib of the body. In the writing instrument having: Porcelain writing instruments characterized in that the surface of the cylindrical portion in at least one of the body or the lid made of the inlaid porcelain produced by the inlay technique using a different color. The method of claim 1, Porcelain writing instruments characterized in that the surface of the porcelain is formed in a thickness range of 1 ± 0.2mm, the inner cylinder of the ebonite material is installed inside the porcelain. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The writing instrument is a fountain pen, the lid is formed on the end side clip, and the end side of the inner cylinder is porcelain writing instrument, characterized in that closed to maintain the airtight. A prototype creation step to create a prototype, A mold making step of manufacturing a plaster mold using the circle, And forming a substrate by a drain casting method among slip casting using the mold. Inlay processing step of expressing the form on the surface of the base by the inlay technique, Roasting the ground to make the first roast, Milking step of applying glaze to the roasting, And a firing step of baking the first roasting at a high temperature to obtain an inlay magnet. The method of claim 4, wherein In the manufacturing of the prototype, the prototype may represent at least a portion of the portion to be engraved in a shallow intaglio in the step of performing the inlaid technique, wherein the engraved portion has a relatively steep inclination toward the base of the circle and toward the end. Have a relatively gentle slope, In the step of manufacturing the gypsum mold, forming a silicon mold by covering the silicon on the circle, making a silicon transition mold by pouring silicon on the silicon mold, and plastering and demolding on the silicon transition mold to form the gypsum mold Self-manufacturing method comprising the steps. The method of claim 4, wherein In the forming step, when the fluid holding material suspended in other materials in water is put into the gypsum mold and hardened from the surface to remove the non-solid material after a certain period of time, the gypsum mold is inverted vertically without inclination, and thus the non-hardened material Magnetic manufacturing method, characterized in that for removing. The method of claim 4, wherein The body is formed in a thickness range of 1 ± 0.2mm, The body is initially made of a container shape blocked one end, Before the firing step, a process of forming a hole in the center is made at the closed end of the base, And a process for removing the blocked end having the hole after the firing step is performed. The method of claim 5, In the inlaid processing step, the intaglio step of forming a deep intaglio using a shallow intaglio represented in the circle, the filling step of filling at least one dichroic material into the deep intaglio portion, the substrate surface in the state filled with the dichroic A surface shaping step of exposing the intaglio portion filled with the dichroic material to contrast with the base material; Before the step of filling the dichroic material is further provided with a step of water-mixing a thickening material on the surface of the body formed with the deep intaglio, The surface cutting step is a self-manufacturing method characterized in that it is carried out using a plurality of M.F.F (MicorFinishing Film) of different roughness in order from the rough. The method of claim 8, After the first roasting step and before the seeding step, the process of wiping the boundary between the base and the dichroic base material with water is further made. The method of claim 6, The flowable base material is such that the ash content of the solid powder material is included in the range of 2 ± 1%, and a peptizing agent corresponding to the 1 ± 0.5% range of the solid powder material is included with water. The method of claim 6, The flowable base material is 30% feldspar, 10% quartzite, 25% pottery stone, 21% Chinese clay, 10% Chinese clay, 2% bone ash, 2% pigment, and 1% of the mass of the powder material. Formed by mixing peptizer and water equivalent to%, The first roasting step is made by heating for 10 to 11 hours at 715 ℃ to 730 ℃, The calcining step is a method for producing a porcelain, characterized in that the heating is carried out at 1239 ℃ to 1250 ℃ 11 hours to 12 hours.

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