KR101036988B1 - Apparatus for separating pvc using ceramic detecting plate and near infrared spectroscopy - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride) sorting apparatus using a ceramic detection plate and near infra-red spectroscopy is provided to perform a reliable PVC data analysis by a near infra-red spectroscopy since an enough amount of near infrared ray is reflected from the surface of PVC. CONSTITUTION: A PVC sorting apparatus comprises a ceramic detection table(2), multiple light sources(3), multiple probes(4), an optical splitter(5), an analyzer(6), and an analysis control unit(7). The ceramic detection table reflects the near infrared ray. The light sources irradiates near infrared ray from both sides. The probes detect the near infrared ray reflected from the surface of falling waste plastic materials. The analyzer forms a light divided from the optical splitter into a spectrum band. The analysis control unit operates an air ejector(8) and discharges PVC.

Description

Apparatus for separating PVC using ceramic detecting plate and near infrared spectroscopy}

The present invention relates to a PVC screening device using a ceramic detection zone and near-infrared spectroscopy, and in detail, PVC is screened by near-infrared spectroscopy using a ceramic detection zone that totally reflects near infrared rays to precisely screen PVC contained in the waste plastics recycled separately. The present invention relates to a PVC sorting device for producing high-quality RDF (Refused Drived Fuel) or RPF (Refuse Plastic Fuel).

Waste contains a lot of vinyl or plastic that can be used as RDF (Refused Drived Fuel) or RPF (Refuse Plastic Fuel), and a lot of recyclable materials such as steel are needed to be pretreated before landfilling or incineration.

RDF or RPF is higher in calories and cheaper than anthracite, making it a good resource for alternative fuels and heating for industrial and public institutions. As a result, local governments have recently attempted to use such heating fuel using RDF or RPF, and the marketability is very bright.

Accordingly, there is a demand for a method of classifying vinyl or plastic to be supplied to a waste fuelization facility.

Conventional methods for classifying non-flammable and combustible waste among wastes for the production of RDF include sorting by size with a sorting device and separating flammable wastes with calque from discharged conveyors according to the size of wastes discharged. Blown and sorted, and then produced through a crushing process, a crushing process and a molding process.

In addition, the RDF manufacturing process is manufactured using a process similar to the RDF manufacturing process, such as sorting process, crushing process, crushing process, neutralization process, and molding process, for the waste plastic materials collected as recycled products.

Representatively recycled among the plastic contained in the waste is PET, PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC.

Most of these plastics can be used in the manufacture of RDF or RPF, but PVC is not used. The reason is that since PVC contains chlorine among the elements constituting the polymer, RDF or RPF containing PVC generates chlorine gas, which is a toxic gas during combustion, and thus has a fatal toxicity as well as an environmental problem.

Therefore, the process of sorting PVC in the manufacture of RDF or RPF by sorting waste or waste plastic is very important. For this purpose, a process of sorting PVC using near infrared spectroscopy has been used recently.

For reference, near infrared rays are infrared rays outside the end of the red spectrum when the light emitted from the sunlight or the heating element is scattered into the spectrum, and the shortest wavelength is 0.75 ~ 3㎛, which is called near infrared rays. Infrared rays are generally used for industrial or medical purposes because they have a stronger thermal effect than visible or ultraviolet rays.

Such near-infrared rays, including electron spectra, exhibit not only thermal action but also photographic action, photoelectric action, and fluorescence action. Therefore, the detector has a photo plate, a photovoltaic cell, a photoelectric tube, a thermocouple, and a phosphor. Back is used. The photo plate and the phototube can detect only a wavelength of 1.2 mu m.

The conventional method using the near-infrared spectroscopy is a method of determining the type of plastic through an absorption spectrum analysis operation of the near-infrared data reflected by directly transmitting near-infrared rays to the plastic being transported through the conveyor as shown in FIG. 6.

However, near-infrared spectroscopy, which classifies plastics in the above manner, reduces the amount of near-infrared rays that are absorbed by the conveyor belt and reflected on the surface of the object when the near-infrared light is transmitted to the object on the conveyor, that is, the waste plastic. Difficult to analyze, there is a problem that the discrimination is poor.

In particular, in the case of thin PVC (polyvinyl chloride), such as a wrap that we use a lot, the physical properties are transparent, so the near-infrared is not reflected, and thus the near-infrared information reflected on the surface of the object is reduced. Is insufficient to find PVC through data analysis.

Therefore, there is a great need for a method for efficient data analysis by reflecting sufficient near-infrared rays without decreasing the near-infrared rays when selecting PVC using near-infrared spectroscopy. However, these methods are not yet provided.

An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to increase the near-infrared dose reflected from the PVC so that near-infrared is reflected by using a ceramic detection zone to ensure sufficient near-infrared information on the PVC when screening the PVC using the near-infrared spectroscopy It is to provide a sorting device that increases the sorting power of PVC among recycled materials by enabling efficient data analysis.

The present invention to achieve the object as described above and to perform the problem for eliminating the conventional defects is installed in the lower end of the end of the conveyor conveying the waste plastic ceramic detection table for reflecting near infrared;

A plurality of light sources installed on the ceramic detection table and configured to irradiate near infrared rays in both directions;

And a plurality of probes installed in a plurality of areas divided in the width direction of the conveyor so as to detect incident near infrared rays by reflecting the surface of the waste plastic falling after being reflected from the ceramic detection table:

A light distribution device for dividing the near infrared rays detected by the probe into wavelength-specific light;

An analyzer for making the light distributed from the light distribution device into a spectroscopic spectrum band;

Compare the absorbed spectra of the waste plastics generated by the analyzer with the absorbed spectra of absorbed spectra, and when the absorbed value corresponding to the PVC is detected, operate the air ejector that is in charge of the probe where the PVC is detected. It is achieved by providing a PVC screening apparatus using a ceramic detection zone and near-infrared spectroscopy, characterized in that consisting of an analysis control unit.

In the present invention, the ceramic detection table is configured to rotate by the rotating unit to remove foreign substances on the surface.

In the present invention, the lower portion of the ceramic detection stand is characterized in that it further comprises a brush for cleaning the rotated ceramic detection stand.

In the present invention, the air ejector corresponding to each probe installed below the ceramic detection stand is configured to discharge PVC in a time of 25 ms under the control of the analysis control unit.

In the present invention, the ceramic detection zone is characterized in that that the surface is used white.

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As described above, the present invention is equipped with a ceramic detection zone to select the PVC by near-infrared spectroscopy to recycle the waste plastic to reflect most of the near-infrared, so that a sufficient amount of reflected near-infrared is reflected on the PVC surface reliability by the near-infrared spectroscopy PVC data analysis work is possible,

As a result, it is possible to dramatically reduce the amount of PVC that generates harmful gases in RDF (Refused Drived Fuel) or RPF (Refuse Plastic Fuel) produced by increasing the screening power of thin-walled PVC when sorting waste plastic. It is a useful invention with the invention is expected to be greatly used in the industry.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the overall configuration of the apparatus of the present invention,
2 is a schematic front view device configuration for implementing near infrared spectroscopy according to an embodiment of the present invention,
3 is a schematic side view device configuration for implementing a near infrared spectroscopy method according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of removing foreign matter on the ceramic detection zone by the rotating part of the present invention,
5 is a conceptual view showing a principle of removing foreign substances in the ceramic detection zone by the brush and the rotating part of the present invention,
6 is a schematic diagram of a device for implementing a conventional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Hereinafter, the configuration and the operation of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the overall device configuration of the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic front view device configuration for implementing the near infrared spectroscopy method according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a near infrared ray according to an embodiment of the present invention This is a schematic side device configuration for implementing spectroscopy.

As shown, the configuration of the present invention is provided with a rotatable ceramic detection stand (2) at the end of the conveyor (1) for transporting the waste plastic recycled, near-infrared irradiation so that near-infrared rays are irradiated to the ceramic detection stand (2) A light source 3 is provided at the end of the conveyor, and a probe 4 for detecting the reflected near infrared rays is provided at the upper portion of the ceramic detection table.

In addition, an optical splitter (5) for dividing the near-infrared rays detected by the probe into the light for each wavelength is installed, and the analyzer (6) and the absorption amount of the spectral spectrum generated by the analyzer make the light distributed from the optical splitter into a spectral spectrum band. And an analysis control unit 7 which operates the air ejector 8 when the absorption amount value corresponding to the PVC is detected by comparing the stored spectra spectrum absorption amount data.

The light source, the probe, the light distribution device, etc. are configured in plural to process the near infrared rays detected in each area. In addition, the detailed structure and principle of such a light source, a probe, a light distribution device, etc. are abbreviate | omitted since it is a well-known technique used for near-infrared spectroscopy.

The analysis control unit 7 compares the spectral spectrum absorption data and analyzes in real time whether there is a PVC absorption amount corresponding to 780-2500 nm, and the absorption amount information input through the near-infrared spectroscopy data is compared to the existing DB data. If it is determined that the air is discharged in the air ejector (8) installed at a certain angle in the lower portion of the conveyor in 25ms time, the corresponding PVC is scattered and screened.

The ceramic detection zone is composed of a white ceramic plate, so that a large amount of near-infrared rays are totally reflected, thereby ensuring sufficient near-infrared data reflected from the surface of the object. Here, the ceramic may be made of inorganic materials other than organic materials existing in nature. When using natural stone or the like, grinding the surface smoothly is good for near-infrared reflection. You can also use ceramics such as ceramics instead of natural stones. This also uses the molded surface smoothly. In the figure is shown as an embodiment having a rectangular shape, but the shape is not limited to the form so long as near-infrared light is reflected to give a sufficient dose to the PVC.

However, the ceramic detection table is installed at the lower end of the conveyor to have a width corresponding to the width of the conveyor. This width results in a reliable total near-infrared reflection of the overall width of the conveyor. Since the waste plastic, ie, PVC, cannot be transported by being placed at any position on the conveyor conveying the waste plastic, it should have at least the width direction of the conveying conveyor. It is also located at the bottom to check the falling waste instantaneously. In the conventional device structure using the near-infrared spectroscopy method, since the conveyor absorbs the near-infrared rays to the conveyor, most of the near-infrared light absorbs most of the near-infrared rays, so that the screening is difficult to reliably form. It is installed in the lower part.

The ceramic detection zone uses a white surface. This is because the total reflection of the near infrared ray is better.

Sufficient near-infrared dose refers to the amount by which PVC of a thin wrap like type is detected, not an absolute specific value. That is, if it is reflected but not absorbed, it corresponds to a sufficient near infrared dose.

In addition, the probe 4 is also set to a plurality of zones in the width direction to cover as much as the width of the conveyor (1) was installed separately for each zone.

In addition, at least two light sources were installed per four probes to provide sufficient near-infrared radiation. The installation direction of the light source was located at the center of the probe, and the light sources were inclined at both sides thereof. That is, it was installed in the form of a light source, a probe, and a light source based on the traveling direction of the conveyor.

In addition, a plurality of air ejectors 8 are provided to correspond to the individual probes 4 provided for each zone divided in the width direction of the conveyor. The installation position of the air ejector is installed to be spaced a predetermined distance in the lower direction of the ceramic detection table (2). In addition, the discharge direction is provided to face the upper direction. This is because PVC falling to the conveyor located at the bottom is easy to sort out from other plastic materials.

When the near-infrared rays reflected from the ceramic detection table 2 are incident on the surface of the recycled plastic through the corresponding probe installed on the upper end side of the conveyor by the configuration as described above, the optical splitter 5 and the analyzer 6 As a result, the absorption amount information of the spectroscopic spectrum of the plastic material is derived and analyzed by the analysis control unit 7 with the absorption amount information of the spectroscopic spectrum of the pre-stored PVC, and when it is determined as PVC, it corresponds to the detected probe position according to the falling time in real time. This is because the air can be reliably sorted by discharging the air through the air ejector.

Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of removing foreign matter on the ceramic detection zone by the rotating part of the present invention.

As shown, the ceramic detector 2 according to the present invention is configured to include a rotating part 9 to rotate at a low speed to remove foreign substances remaining on the surface of the ceramic detector discharged from the conveyor. The rotating unit is installed in the lateral direction of the ceramic detection table to rotate the ceramic detection table.

At this time, if the ceramic detection stand (2) is formed integrally, the shaft is provided at both ends to be connected to it to rotate the shaft, or when the side support members are configured to support the ceramic detection stand to support the shaft to the side support members What is necessary is just to form it, and to connect the shaft with a rotating part, and to rotate. You can only rotate it.

 The rotating part 9 itself was composed of a motor or a step motor having a reduction gear or a servo motor or a gear or belt to which rotation is transmitted by another driving source, and the like, so as to rotate as necessary.

As described above, when the ceramic detection zone is rotated by the rotating unit, contaminants are dropped from the surface by gravity, and thus a clean ceramic detection zone is used at all times, thereby having a reliable detection value at all times when irradiating near infrared rays.

In the conventional near-infrared detection method prior to the present invention, if such a rotating means is not provided, if contaminants are buried in an infinitely repeating conveyor belt, errors in the spectral spectrum measured by the near-infrared light will continue to cause an error in PVC detection reliability. If the present invention also provided only the ceramic detection stand without the rotating part configuration as described above, if the replacement of the ceramic detection stand or manual cleaning by humans did not occur, the contamination of the surface over the screening time by the near-infrared detection has occurred. In this case, an error may occur in the measurement using near infrared spectroscopy, thus making it difficult to measure reliably.

However, in the present invention, when the surface of the ceramic detector is contaminated or needs to be cleaned without replacing the ceramic detector or cleaning by a person, the foreign matter on the surface is moved downward by gravity by rotating the ceramic detector. In addition, it is possible to provide a clean ceramic detector at all times, thereby increasing the reliability of near-infrared detection.

It is preferable to perform the rotation of the ceramic detection zone before irradiating a near-infrared light source to the ceramic detection zone. Of course, you can do it after the selection.

The rotation of the ceramic detector may be operated manually after the operator stops supplying the waste plastic, or may be automatically operated when the sorting operation starts. In addition, the control at the time of automatic operation may be made through a drive source control part, such as a motor which rotates a separate rotating part, and may be set to control the analysis control part which concerns on this invention.

5 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of removing foreign substances in the ceramic detection zone by the brush and the rotating part of the present invention.

The present invention is provided with a brush 10 that physically directly cleans the lower surface of the rotated ceramic detection stand as well as the rotation configuration of the ceramic detection stand 2 by the rotary unit 9 is provided with a more reliable foreign matter removal function.

To this end, the brush installed in the extension means such as a cylinder is extended to the lower side of the ceramic detection stand (2), the brush (brush, 10) is in contact with the bottom of the ceramic detection stand is transported to clean. . The brush may be configured in a fixed manner or may be configured in a rotary manner. Preferred is a rotary brush for increasing cleaning power. At this time, since the configuration of rotating the brush by a motor or the like is a general device configuration, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The operation of the cylinder for conveying the brush may be performed by a separate hydraulic controller or may be set to control the analysis controller according to the present invention. In addition, when configuring with a motor rotary brush, you may control the operation | movement of a motor manually or the said analysis control part mentioned above. The important thing is to be able to clean the surface contaminants of the ceramic detector with physical force.

If the width of the brush is formed by the width of the ceramic detection zone, that is, the width of the conveyor, it is convenient because the transfer device such as a cylinder can clean the width of the ceramic detection zone in one direction when moving back and forth.

Looking at the screening method of the present invention configured as described above,

Irradiating a near infrared light source to the ceramic detection zone;

Detecting the near-infrared rays reflected from the falling plastic surface after the probe is reflected by the ceramic detection zone;

Comparing, by the analysis control unit, the absorption amount value of the detected spectral spectrum of the near infrared ray with previously stored spectral spectrum absorption amount data;

When the analyzed spectral spectrum absorption amount data is determined to be PVC, the analysis control unit operates only the air ejector in charge of the probe in which the PVC is detected, and discharges and selects the falling PVC; and operates.

The method may further include removing the foreign matter on the surface by rotating the ceramic detector, and may further include cleaning the surface of the rotated ceramic detector with a brush.

In the ceramic detection zone, when the ceramic detection zone having a white surface is used, the reflectance of the near-infrared rays is increased, thereby achieving more reliable PVC selection.

According to the present invention configured as described above, the reflection of sufficient near-infrared rays totally reflected from the ceramic detection zone increases the reliability at the time of selection based on the absorption ratio of the spectral spectrum, and thus it is possible to select a PVC such as a wrap having a thin thickness, thereby allowing RDF (Refused Drived). Fuel (RPF) or RPF (Refuse Plastic Fuel) manufacturing will significantly lower the PVC content.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific preferred embodiments, and various modifications can be made by any person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims. Of course, such changes will fall within the scope of the claims.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
(1): conveyor (2): ceramic detection stand
(3): near infrared light source (4): probe
(5): Optical distribution device (6): Analyzer
(7): analysis control unit (8): air ejector
(9): rotating part 10: brush

Claims (10)

A ceramic detector that reflects near infrared rays, a light source that emits near infrared rays, a probe that detects near infrared rays, a light distribution device that divides the near infrared rays detected by the probe into light for each wavelength, and a light spectrum from the light distribution device is made into a spectral spectrum band. In the PVC sorting device equipped with analyzer, air ejector, analysis control unit,
The ceramic detection table uses a white surface, and is installed at the lower end of the conveying waste plastic to have a width corresponding to the width of the conveyor so as to reflect the near infrared rays. It is configured to remove foreign substances, and a brush for cleaning the rotated ceramic detector is installed under the ceramic detector, so that it has a reliable detection value at all times when irradiating near infrared rays,
The light source is installed on the ceramic detection table in a plurality of configurations to irradiate near-infrared light in both directions,
The probe is installed in a plurality of areas divided in the width direction of the conveyor to detect the near-infrared rays incident by reflecting the surface of the waste plastic falling after being reflected from the ceramic detection table,
The analysis control unit compares the absorbance value of the spectroscopic spectrum of the waste plastic generated by the analyzer with the stored spectroscopic absorption data and operates only the air ejector that is in charge of the probe in which the PVC is detected. Configured to discharge PVC,
And an air ejector corresponding to each probe installed under the ceramic detector, configured to discharge PVC in a time of 25 ms under the control of the analysis control unit.

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