KR100910464B1 - Arc Welding Method Using Current Pulse - Google Patents
Arc Welding Method Using Current Pulse Download PDFInfo
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- KR100910464B1 KR100910464B1 KR1020070136312A KR20070136312A KR100910464B1 KR 100910464 B1 KR100910464 B1 KR 100910464B1 KR 1020070136312 A KR1020070136312 A KR 1020070136312A KR 20070136312 A KR20070136312 A KR 20070136312A KR 100910464 B1 KR100910464 B1 KR 100910464B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B3/024—Cleaning by means of spray elements moving over the surface to be cleaned
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/164—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas making use of a moving fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
- B23K9/328—Cleaning of weld torches, i.e. removing weld-spatter; Preventing weld-spatter, e.g. applying anti-adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S29/00—Metal working
- Y10S29/013—Method or apparatus with electric heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S29/00—Metal working
- Y10S29/094—Debris remover, catcher, or deflector
Abstract
본 발명은 강판 모재 사이에 보호가스를 분사하며 용접토치로 용접하는 아크용접 방법에 관한 것으로, 용접시 상기 용접토치에 전류펄스를 가하는 아크용접 방법을 제공한다. 이 경우, 상기 모재 사이의 간격은 0.2~1.5mm로 유지할 수 있으며, 상기 보호가스는 산소 기체를 5~10중량%만큼 포함할 수 있다. 나아가, 본 발명은 상기 용접토치를 용접진행 반대방향으로 상기 모재 기준 15~20°의 각도로 기울여서 진행함으로써 용접부를 예열하여 아연흄을 방지할 수 있는 아크용접 방법을 제공한다.The present invention relates to an arc welding method for welding with a welding torch while spraying a protective gas between the base steel plate, and provides an arc welding method for applying a current pulse to the welding torch during welding. In this case, the spacing between the base material can be maintained at 0.2 ~ 1.5mm, the protective gas may contain as much as 5 to 10% by weight of oxygen gas. Furthermore, the present invention provides an arc welding method that can prevent the zinc fume by preheating the weld by proceeding by inclining the welding torch at an angle of 15 to 20 ° based on the base material in the direction opposite to the welding progress.
본 발명의 아크용접 방법에 의하면, 고가의 별도 장비를 사용하지 않고 안정적이고 효과적으로 용접부의 아연흄을 억제하고 용접부의 결함 발생을 방지할 수 있다.According to the arc welding method of the present invention, it is possible to stably and effectively suppress the zinc fume of the weld and prevent the occurrence of defects in the weld without the use of expensive separate equipment.
아크용접 방법, 용접토치, 전류펄스, 모재, 아연흄Arc welding method, welding torch, current pulse, base metal, zinc fume
Description
본 발명은 열연도금 강판 등에 사용되는 아크용접 방법에 관한 것으로 보다 상세하게는 강판의 아크용접시 발생하는 아연증기를 제거함으로써 용접부에 발생되는 결함을 감소시킬 수 있는 아크용접방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to an arc welding method used for hot rolled steel sheet and the like, and more particularly, to an arc welding method that can reduce the defects generated in the weld by removing the zinc vapor generated during arc welding of the steel sheet.
근래 자동차산업에서는 사용자의 요구에 따라 자동차의 보증연한이 점차 증대되는 추세이며, 자동차 샤시 부분에서도 이러한 추세에 맞춰 비도금강판에서 내구성과 내식성이 우수한 표면처리 강판으로 점차 바뀌어 가고 있다. 특히 도장처리가 안되는 부분의 내식성 확보를 위해 열연도금강판의 사용이 증가하고 있다.Recently, in the automobile industry, the warranty period of automobiles is gradually increasing according to the needs of users, and in the automobile chassis part, it is gradually changing from an unplated steel sheet to a surface-treated steel sheet having excellent durability and corrosion resistance. In particular, the use of hot-rolled steel sheet is increasing to secure the corrosion resistance of unpainted parts.
자동차 성능을 만족하는 형상을 만들기 위해서는 강판의 성형 후 용접하여야 하며 이러한 샤시부품의 용접에서는 아크용접방법이 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 도금강판의 아크용접시에는 비교적 저입열량 용접조건에서 도금층을 형성하고 있는 아연이 용접시 고열에 의해 기화되어 아연흄이 발생할 수 있고 이 아연흄이 용용부 내에 잔존할 경우에는 기공발생이 일어난다. 이러한 기공은 샤시부품의 강성 및 내구성능을 저하시키는 용접부 파단이 발생하는 결함으로 나타난다. In order to make a shape that satisfies the performance of automobiles, welding is required after the forming of steel sheets. Arc welding is mainly used for the welding of chassis parts. However, during arc welding of a plated steel sheet, zinc forming a plating layer under relatively low heat input welding conditions may vaporize due to high heat during welding, and zinc fume may be generated. These pores appear as defects in which the weld break occurs to reduce the rigidity and durability of the chassis parts.
이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 용접토치 전후방에 예열토치와 후열토치를 이용하여 도금된 아연을 연소시켜 결함을 방지하고 후열토치를 이용하여 용착금속을 가열하여 잔류상태의 아연기포를 배출시켜 용접부의 결함을 감소시키는 방법이 나타난 바 있으나, 용접토치외 예열토치 및후열토치를 함께 설치해야 하기 때문에 설비증가는 물론 생산단가가 증가한다는 문제가 존재한다. In order to solve this problem, the plated zinc is burned by using a preheating torch and a post-heating torch before and after the welding torch to prevent defects. Although the reduction method has been shown, there is a problem that the production cost increases as well as the equipment increase because the preheating torch and the afterheating torch are installed together with the welding torch.
또한, 용접시 용융금속을 진동시켜 용융금속 내부에 잔존하는 기포를 용융금속이 응고 이전에 외부로 방출시키는 용접기술이 나타난 바 있으나 이러한 기술 역시 진동발생장치를 추가적으로 설치해야 하는 등 설비문제로 인해 실제 자동차용 샤시부품의 용접에는 한계가 있다. In addition, the welding technology that vibrates the molten metal during welding and releases the bubbles remaining inside the molten metal to the outside before the solidification of the molten metal, but such technology also has to be installed additional vibration generating device due to the installation problems Welding of automotive chassis parts has a limitation.
본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 전류펄스적용, 토치각도조정, 갭적용 및 보호가스에 산소를 추가하는 방법을 통해 용융금속 내부에 기공을 제거하는 용접기술을 제공하고자 한다. The present invention is to provide a welding technique for removing the pores in the molten metal through the method of applying the current pulse, adjusting the torch angle, applying the gap and adding oxygen to the protective gas in order to solve the above problems.
본 발명은 열연도금 강판과 같은 강판 모재 사이에 보호가스를 분사하며 용접토치로 용접하는 아크용접 방법에 관한 것으로, 용접시 상기 용접토치에 전류펄스를 가하는 열연도금 강판의 아크용접 방법을 제공한다. 이 경우, 상기 모재 사이의 간격은 0.2~1.5mm로 유지할 수 있으며, 상기 보호가스는 산소 기체를 5~10중량%만큼 포함할 수 있다.The present invention relates to an arc welding method for welding with a welding torch while injecting a protective gas between a steel plate base material such as a hot-rolled steel sheet, and provides an arc welding method for a hot-rolled steel sheet which applies a current pulse to the welding torch during welding. In this case, the spacing between the base material can be maintained at 0.2 ~ 1.5mm, the protective gas may contain as much as 5 to 10% by weight of oxygen gas.
나아가, 상기 아크용접 방법은 상기 용접토치를 용접진행 반대방향으로 상기 모재 기준 15~20°의 각도로 기울여서 진행함으로써 용접부를 예열하여 아연흄을 방지할 수 있는 아크용접 방법을 제공한다.Further, the arc welding method provides an arc welding method that can prevent the zinc fume by preheating the weld by proceeding by inclining the welding torch at an angle of 15 ~ 20 ° relative to the base material in the direction opposite to the welding progress.
본 발명의 아크용접 방법에 의하면, 고가의 별도 장비를 사용하지 않고 안정적이고 효과적으로 용접부의 아연흄을 억제하고 용접부의 결함 발생을 방지할 수 있다.According to the arc welding method of the present invention, it is possible to stably and effectively suppress the zinc fume of the weld and prevent the occurrence of defects in the weld without the use of expensive separate equipment.
본 발명자들은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 연구를 거듭한 결과, 열연도금 강판과 같은 강판 모재를 아크용접함에 있어서 용융풀의 유동을 확보할 수 있는 전류펄스를 적용하고, 용접진행 방향으로 먼저 아연을 연소시킬 수 있도록 토치각도를 조정하며, 아연흄을 배출시킬 수 있는 갭적용과 보호가스에 산소를 추가하는 방법으로 산화아연의 기화점을 올려 용융금속 내부에 기공을 제거하는 방법을 개발하여 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다. The present inventors have conducted a number of studies to solve the above problems, applying a current pulse that can ensure the flow of the molten pool in arc welding the steel plate base material, such as hot-rolled steel sheet, and first the zinc in the welding progress direction The present invention has been developed by adjusting the angle of the torch to burn, and applying a gap to release zinc fume and adding oxygen to the protective gas to raise the vaporization point of zinc oxide to remove pores in the molten metal. Came to complete.
이하 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
본 발명에서는 용접토치에 일정한 진동수의 펄스를 부여하여 용융풀을 휘젓는 효과를 부여한다. 이러한 전류펄스에 의하여 용융풀은 유동하게되고 용융풀 내에서 기화된 아연기포는 응고되기 전에 외부로 배출될 수 있으므로 기공의 용접결함의 제거가 가속화될 수 있다. 이러한 펄스의 부여는 250~350Hz의 진동수 범위에서 가해질 수 있다. 만일 전류펄스의 진동수가 250Hz 미만이면 용융풀을 유동시키는 효과가 미약하며, 반면 350Hz를 초과하게 되면 에너지의 낭비가 심해진다.In the present invention, by applying a pulse of a constant frequency to the welding torch gives the effect of whipping the molten pool. By the current pulse, the molten pool is made to flow and the zinc bubbles vaporized in the molten pool can be discharged to the outside before solidification, thereby accelerating the removal of welding defects in the pores. The provision of these pulses can be applied in the frequency range of 250-350 Hz. If the frequency of the current pulse is less than 250Hz, the effect of flowing the melt pool is insignificant, while if it exceeds 350Hz, the waste of energy is severe.
또한, 본 발명에서는 모재와 모재사이에 간격을 조정하여 용접중에 발생하는 용접흄을 배출시키는 것이 중요하다. 이 경우, 모재와 모재 사이의 간격은 0.2~1.5mm 정도로 유지한다. 모재의 간격이 0.2mm 미만으로 너무 좁으면 용접흄의 배출이 어려워지며, 반면 1.5mm를 초과하도록 너무 넓은 간격을 유지하면 용접효과가 저하될 수 있으므로 0.2~1.5mm의 범위로 유지한다.In addition, in the present invention, it is important to discharge the welding fume generated during welding by adjusting the gap between the base material and the base material. In this case, the distance between the base material and the base material is maintained at about 0.2 ~ 1.5mm. If the spacing of the base material is too narrow, less than 0.2mm, it is difficult to discharge the welding fume, while keeping the spacing too wide to exceed 1.5mm, so the welding effect may be lowered, so keep the range of 0.2 ~ 1.5mm.
본 발명에서 필요한 또다른 구성은 용접시 가해지는 보호가스에 산소를 5~10중량%만큼 혼합시키는 것이다. 이 경우, 보호가스에 포함된 산소는 용접시 생성되는 아연증기와 반응하여 산화아연으로 형성되는데, 상기 산화아연은 기화점이 높아 용접 중에 기화되지 않아 아연흄의 발생이 억제될 수 있다. 하지만, 산소 함량이 5중량% 미만인 경우에는 산소량이 적어 산화아연 반응 효율이 좋지 않고, 반면 산소 첨가량이 너무 많으면 보호가스로서의 역할을 제대로 수행할 수 없으므로 산소의 양은 5~10중량%로 한정한다.Another configuration required in the present invention is to mix oxygen by 5 to 10% by weight to the protective gas applied during welding. In this case, the oxygen contained in the protective gas is formed of zinc oxide by reacting with zinc vapor generated during welding. The zinc oxide has a high vaporization point and is not vaporized during welding, so that generation of zinc fume can be suppressed. However, when the oxygen content is less than 5% by weight, the amount of oxygen is low, so the zinc oxide reaction efficiency is not good. On the other hand, when the amount of oxygen is too high, the amount of oxygen is limited to 5 to 10% by weight because it cannot properly function as a protective gas.
또한, 본 발명의 용접방법으로 용접을 실시하는 경우, 용접진행 반대방향으로 토치각도를 모재 평면과 15~20°의 각도를 유지하도록 기울여서 용접을 시행하는 전진방법을 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 방법에 의하면 예열효과를 줄 수 있으며 용접 이전에 먼저 아연을 연소시킴으로써 용접 도중에 아연기체가 발생하지 않도록 하는 방법이다. In addition, when welding is performed by the welding method of the present invention, it is possible to use a forward method of performing welding by tilting the torch angle in a direction opposite to the welding progress so as to maintain an angle of 15 to 20 ° with the base plane. According to this method, a preheating effect can be provided, and zinc is first burned before welding so that no zinc gas is generated during welding.
이하 본 발명을 실시예에 의하여 보다 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
(실시예 1)(Example 1)
본 실시예에서는 도 1과 같이 용접이 이루어질 두개의 모재 금속(101)의 간격을 1mm 정도 유지하고 용접토치(102)를 이용해 용접을 수행하였다. 이 경우, 보호가스로 사용된 기체는 산소, 이산화탄소 및 아르곤으로 구성하였으며, 산소의 함량은 7중량%로 하였다. 또한, 용접시 300Hz의 일정한 전류펄스를 부가하여 용접을 실시한 결과, 아연기체 발생에 의한 용접부의 결함이 현저히 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다.In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the spacing between the two
우선 전류 펄스에 의한 본 발명의 효과는 도 3 및 도 4에서 알 수 있다. 도 3 및 도 4에서 볼 수 있듯이, 용접속도가 증가함에 따라 기공이 증가하지만, 전류 펄스를 부가한 경우에는 기공이 상당수 감소함을 알 수 있다.First, the effect of the present invention by the current pulse can be seen in Figures 3 and 4. As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, the pore increases as the welding speed increases, but it can be seen that the pores decrease considerably when a current pulse is added.
또한, 본 실시예에서는 도 2와 같이 용접토치(102)를 모재 금속(101)을 기준으로 약 18° 기울이고 전진방향으로 용접을 수행하였고, 이러한 용접진행방향 및 각도에 의한 기공 저감 효과는 도 5 및 도 6에 나타나 있다. 본 발명의 방법(전진법)에 의한 경우에는 그 용접부 강도가 높게 나온 반면, 일반적인 방법(후진법)에 의한 경우에는 일정속도에서 기공이 급격하게 증가하였음을 알 수 있다.In addition, in this embodiment, the
나아가 용접 간격에 따른 실시예의 결과를 도 7에서 확인할 수 있다. 도 7에서 나타났듯이, 용접 간격을 적절히 제어함으로써 기공은 간격을 제어하지 않은 경우에 비해 50% 가량 감소하였다.Furthermore, the results of the embodiment according to the welding interval can be seen in FIG. 7. As shown in Figure 7, by controlling the welding spacing properly, the pores were reduced by about 50% compared to the case where the spacing was not controlled.
그리고 도 8은 산소를 첨가하고 용접 속도를 다르게 한 경우에 대한 기공의 발생 정도를 나타낸다. 도 8에 의하면 용접 속도가 상승해도 첨가된 산소에 의하여 기공발생이 억제된다는 것을 알 수 있다.8 shows the generation of pores in the case where oxygen is added and the welding speed is changed. According to FIG. 8, even if a welding speed increases, it turns out that pore generation is suppressed by the added oxygen.
따라서, 본 발명의 각 실시예에 의할 때, 본 발명에 의한 용접의 수행시, 용접부의 아연기체에 의한 기공이 억제되어 안정적인 용접부를 형성할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.Therefore, according to each embodiment of the present invention, when performing the welding according to the present invention, it can be seen that the pores by the zinc gas of the welded portion can be suppressed to form a stable welded portion.
도 1은 본 발명의 용접방법에 의하여 전류펄스를 가하면서 용접을 실시하는 방법을 나타내는 모식도1 is a schematic diagram showing a method of performing welding while applying a current pulse by the welding method of the present invention.
도 2는 용접토치를 기울여서 용접을 수행하는 방법을 나타내는 모식도2 is a schematic diagram showing a method of performing welding by tilting a welding torch.
도 3은 펄스마그용접에 의한 기공저감 효과를 나타내는래프3 is a graph showing the pore reduction effect by pulse mug welding
도 4는 펄스마그용접에 의한 기공저감 효과를 나타내는 사진Figure 4 is a photograph showing the pore reduction effect by pulse mug welding
도 5는 전진법에 의한 기공저감 효과를 나타내는 그래프5 is a graph showing the pore reduction effect by the forward method
도 6은 전진법에 의한 기공저감 효과를 나타내는 사진Figure 6 is a photograph showing the pore reduction effect by the forward method
도 7은 간격을 제어하는 경우에 나타나는 기공저감효과를 나타내는 그래프 및 사진7 is a graph and photographs showing pore reduction effects shown in the case of controlling the interval;
도 8은 산소를 적절히 혼합한 경우에 나타나는 기공저감효과를 나타내는 사진Figure 8 is a photograph showing the pore reduction effect that appears when oxygen is properly mixed
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JPH05329682A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Welding wire and welding method for galvanized steel sheet |
JPH06210490A (en) * | 1993-01-12 | 1994-08-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Welding wire of zinc galvanized steel sheet and welding method |
JPH079149A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Gas shielded arc welding method for galvanized steel sheet, welding machine therefor and galvanized steel sheet product welding by the welding method and the machine |
JP2007098459A (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | High-speed gas-shielded arc welding method of zinc-based metal-plated steel plate |
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JPH05329682A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Welding wire and welding method for galvanized steel sheet |
JPH06210490A (en) * | 1993-01-12 | 1994-08-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Welding wire of zinc galvanized steel sheet and welding method |
JPH079149A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Gas shielded arc welding method for galvanized steel sheet, welding machine therefor and galvanized steel sheet product welding by the welding method and the machine |
JP2007098459A (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | High-speed gas-shielded arc welding method of zinc-based metal-plated steel plate |
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