KR100835911B1 - Feed manufacturing method for improving flesh of Hanwoo caused by increase of ?-3 - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing feed for Hanwoo for improving meat quality, corn, wheat bran, wheat bran, cottonseed gourd, rape seed gourd, flaxseed gourd, molasses, limestone, salt, incal, supplementary feed containing rich nutritional supplements Depending on the growth stage of the growth period, pine needle powder 1 ~ 2% by weight, ocher 1 ~ 2% by weight is added to the rich feed, pine needle 1 ~ 2% by weight, 1 ~ 2% by weight ocher in the thick feed Instead of adding the flax seed from 10 to 15% by weight three months before shipping is characterized in that the addition.

Hanwoo diet according to the present invention improved the daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass rate, back fat thickness and meat grade by adding flax seed to the rich feed, significantly reduced SFA and OFA in all body fat, UFA In addition, by significantly increasing MUFA and PUFA, cholesterol content was lowered, and it was effective to cultivate Hanwoo, which helps heart disease.

In addition, ω-3PUFA and ω-6PUFA have been reported to affect the level of triglycerides in blood, blood pressure, platelet fusion, thrombosis and atherosclerosis, as well as the prevention of tumors and skin diseases and the enhancement of immune function. Significantly increased the effect.

Flax, seeds, rich feed, forage, meat improvement

Description

Feed manufacturing method for improving flesh of Hanwoo caused by increase of ω-3}

The present invention relates to a method for producing feed for Hanwoo for improving meat quality, and more specifically, 1 to 2% by weight of pine needle powder, 1 to 2 weight of ocher in dense feed, according to the growth stage of Hanwoo for improving the quality of beef. %, And instead of adding 1 ~ 2% by weight of pine needle powder and 1 ~ 2% by weight of ocher in the thick feed, 3 ~ 15% by weight of linseed seedlings were added 3 months before shipment to the first grade of Hanwoo. The present invention relates to a method of preparing a feed for beef for improving meat quality to increase the prevalence rate, reduce saturated fatty acid and cholesterol content, and improve unsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and oleic acid content.

Since 2001, beef imports have increased due to the complete opening of beef imports, which has weakened the competitiveness of Hanwoo. As the dietary patterns change, there is an urgent need for nutritional composition of livestock foods and efforts to improve these nutritional ingredients in a health-friendly way. It is becoming.

As is well known, it is widely known that supplementing beef cattle feed with sufficient energy to improve productivity can result in improved productivity, and the energy content of fat is almost twice that of other nutrients and the digestibility It is also because the contribution to energy metabolism in the ruminant axis is higher than the fat content in the feed.

Recently, research has been conducted to produce high-quality meat as a dietary supplement by varying the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol in body fat by adding oil seeds and oils to feed.

The body fat composition of Korean cattle may vary depending on genetic factors, fattening period, feeding management and feed availability.Forage factors include abundant feed, high quality feed intake, type and amount of salary fat, protein intake and energy intake. have.

Fats added to feed can be divided into two types: animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and fish oil are added to the feed, and oil seeds containing a large amount of oil, vegetable fats, are used. There is a way to pay.

However, in case of the former, depending on the level of addition and the type of feed, the rate of degradation in the rumen of the ingested crude fiber was generally decreased, and thus, it was evaluated that there was no satisfactory effect on the energy shortage and the purpose of improving the utilization rate. In addition, the fat supplied through feed is saturated and digested and absorbed in the small intestine as it is saturated and decomposed by the action of microorganisms in the rumen. It is known to be relatively high.

On the other hand, the use of seeds such as cotton, sunflower and rapeseed has attracted much attention in that it can increase the energy content of feed and increase the crude fiber and protein content at the same time.

In addition, when the seed is fed in its original state or processed, the oil gradually flows out of the seed during the digestion process in the rumen, so that the residual amount in the rumen is reduced, and trans-11 C _{18 : 1} is transferred from the rumen to the lower digestive organs. Fatty acids can be converted into body fat, which is known to be more advantageous than adding other fats.

However, when fat is added to the feed, there is a problem that the energy of the fat cannot be considered simply because of the interaction between the added fat and other nutrients.

In particular, the addition of fat is limited to the ruminants, which are highly dependent on the forage, because it may affect the digestibility of crude fiber. The research has been continuously conducted to solve the problem, the present invention was completed with the idea that the use of flax can improve the meat quality of Hanwoo.

In order to solve the above problems of the present invention, the present invention has a purpose of providing a method for producing a feed for beef for improving meat quality by using the linseed seeds of pine needles, loess, vegetable seeds.

Hanwoo feed production method for improving meat quality according to the present invention for achieving the above object is corn, wheat bran, wheat bran, cottonseed gourd, rape seed gourd, flaxseed gourd, molasses, limestone, salt, incal, dietary supplement containing According to the growth stages of Hanwoo, the pine needle powder 1 ~ 2% by weight, ocher 1 ~ 2% by weight is added to the rich feed according to the growth stage of the Hanwoo, pine needle powder 1 ~ 2% by weight, ocher 1 Instead of adding ~ 2% by weight, it is characterized by adding 10 to 15% by weight of linseed seeds from three months before shipping.

In addition, the rich feed corn 30 ~ 43% by weight, 22 ~ 31% by weight wheat, 2 ~ 8% by weight wheat bran, 4 ~ 8% by weight cottonseed foil, 3 ~ 6% by weight rapeseed seed, flaxseed 1 ~ 5 wt%, molasses 4-6 wt%, limestone 0.5-2 wt%, saline 0.2-1 wt%, incal 0.2-1 wt%, co-nutrient 1 to 2 wt%, the co-nutrient Vitamin A 2,000,000 IU, Vitamin D ₃ 400,000 IU, vitamin E 1,500 IU, manganese 12,000 mg, iron 12,000 mg, zinc 8,000 mg, copper 1,000 mg, cobalt 1,000 mg, iodine 150 mg.

First of all, forage is usually used in combination with a forage and a rich feed.

The forage refers to a feed having a high content of crude fiber, coarse and bulky, low cost, and low plasticizing nutrients, including silage and soybean crops, ensilage and soybean crops made of green grass crops Rough prey of the back belongs to this.

The rich feed has a small volume and low content of crude fiber as opposed to a forage, but has a high amount of protein and soluble nitrogen, which can increase the growth efficiency of livestock and livestock products, such as corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, grains and vegetation. The oils and salted leftovers such as rice bran, rice bran, barley bran and wheat bran, fish meal, or a compound feed made of a mixture of them are included.

The flax used in the present invention is a perennial herb of the dicotyledonous rats, the bark of the flax, and the skin is used to make textile and cigar paper as a fiber resource, and the oil squeezed from the seed is called 'flame oil' and is printed ink and paint. Used for medicine.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.

The blending ratio of the rich feed used in the present invention is as follows.

The rich feed is 30 to 43% by weight of corn, 22 to 31% by weight of wheat, 2 to 8% by weight of wheat bran, 4 to 8% by weight of cotton thread, 3 to 6% by weight of rapeseed, 1 to 5% by weight of flaxseed. , Molasses 4 ~ 6% by weight, limestone 0.5 ~ 2% by weight, salt 0.2 ~ 1% by weight, incal 0.2 ~ 1% by weight, co-nutrient 1 ~ 2% by weight of the blending ratio.

At this time, the auxiliary nutrient is vitamin A 2,000,000 IU, vitamin D ₃ 400,000 IU, vitamin E 1,500 IU, manganese 12,000 mg, iron 12,000 mg, zinc 8,000 mg, copper 1,000 mg, cobalt 1,000 mg, and iodine 150 mg are formulated.

According to the present invention, the method for preparing the feed for improving beef quality according to the present invention adds 1 to 2 wt% of pine needle powder and 1 to 2 wt% of loess to the dense feed according to the growth stages of the Hanwoo. Instead of adding 1 to 2% by weight of pine needle powder and 1 to 2% by weight of loess, the flaxseed 10 to 15% by weight of flaxseed is added to the rich feed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through experimental examples, and the test animals of the Hanwoo used in the experiment, specification test period and place, test design and method, test feed and specification management, sampling, investigation items and component analysis are as follows.

1. Official animals

Twenty-one Korean beef cattle with an average body weight of 293 kg were reported as test animals.

2. Test period and place

The test was conducted at the test ranch in Munsu-myeon, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do for 450 days from October 10, 2003 to January 18, 2005.
During the 450-day breeding period, the breeding season is 150 days, the pre-fed meat is 150 days, and the rear meat is 150 days.

3. Test design and method

The castrated Korean beef was divided into 7 groups for each treatment, and the control, 1 treatment and 2 treatments were added. The control group added 0% by weight of linseed seeds, the treatment 1 group by 10% by weight of linseed yarn, and the treatment 2 groups by 15% by weight of linseed yarn. It was. The dense feed for each treatment group was blended just before entering the test, and the feed was fed with straw. For the treatment, the rich feeds were given limited salary for breeder and pre-pregnancy, and the free diet for rearing and post-treatment.

In addition, 1 treatment and 2 treatment of the growing period were fed by mixing 2% by weight of pine needle powder and 2% by weight of ocher.

4. Test feed and specification management

The mixing ratios and nutrient contents of the feed used in the test are shown in Table 1, and the nutrient contents of flaxseed and rice straw and the main fatty acid composition of flaxseed are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Hanwoo used in each trial was fully adapted to the surrounding environment. Feed was divided into two meals, 7:00 am and 5 pm, and treated freely with water and incal blocks.

5. Sampling

Forensic and test feeds were collected immediately after blending, and samples of each fat were collected at the time of carcass and stored at -20 ℃ refrigerator and analyzed.

Blood was collected through the jugular vein during carcass transfer to a 150 ml tube treated with sodium sitrate, centrifuged at 3,500 rpm for 20 minutes, and plasma was separated and stored in a -20 ° C refrigerator until fat analysis.

6. Survey Items and Ingredient Analysis

1) Weight gain and feed intake

Body weight was measured at the same time with a 30-day interval from the start of the test to the end of the test, and measured at the beginning and at the end of two consecutive days using the average value, the results are shown in Table 4 below.

In addition, the feed intake was measured by dividing the feed and the rich feed with the amount of intake to limit the remaining amount in the feed amount is shown in Table 4 below.

As shown in Table 4, the daily gain was similar to that of the control group, 0.63 ㎏, the treatment 1 group 0.66 ㎏, the treatment 2 group 0.66 kg.

Feed availability was 9.87 ㎏ in 1 treatment, 9.52 ㎏ in 2 treatment, and the feed intake was decreased compared to 10.20 ㎏ in the control, and the feed demand rate was 14.73 in 1 treatment and 14.42 in 2 treatment, compared to 16.19 in the control. There was a significantly lower trend (P <0.05). This reduction effect was remarkable as the level of linseed seed was increased, but it was judged that the increase in feed intake and the improvement of feed efficiency in the case of beef cattle were increased.

2) Chemical Composition Analysis

General ingredients were analyzed by A.O.A.C. method. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were analyzed by Goering and Van soest method. NDF content of rich feed was analyzed by the addition method of α-amylase such as Van soest, Robertson and Van Soest.

3) Conductor grade

Korean cattle were fasted at the slaughterhouse for 24 hours, slaughtered, weighed, divided into two, refrigerated at 5 ° C for 24 hours, and then carcassed. The carcass grades were established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Evaluation was made based on meat quality and meat grade criteria.

The results of the conductor investigation after reaching the shipment weight are shown in Table 5 below.

As shown in Table 5, when the shipment weight was 562.0, 595.0 and 590.0 kg in control, 1 treatment and 2 treatment, respectively, the carcass ratio was 58.6, 59.0 and 59.4%, respectively. Showed.

In the back fat thickness, the control, 1 and 2 treatments showed 10.4, 13.0, and 12.86mm, respectively, and the treatments with linseed seeds showed a significantly thicker (P <0.05) than the control.

In the germ root area, control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 showed similar trends.

And, according to the carcass weight and meat grade are shown in Table 6 below.

As shown in Table 6, the prevalence of meat grades 1+, 1, and 2 of the upper meats was 60.0% in the control, whereas the treatments 1 and 2 were 100%. Brought.

In addition, Table 7 below shows meat quality such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, and intramuscular fat, and in the intramuscular fat, the 1st and 2nd treatments showed significantly better results (P <0.05) than the control. Meat color, fat color, texture and maturity showed similar trends.

The results showed that 1st and 2nd treatments with linseed seeds showed better tendency in daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass rate, backfat thickness, maxillary muscle area, and meat grade than the control group without linseed. Showed.

4) Fatty Acid Analysis

end. Fatty Acid Changes in Kidney Fat

Changes in the fatty acid composition of kidney fat with the addition of linseed are shown in Table 8 below.

As shown in Table 8, the fatty acid composition shows that the contents of C _{14 : 0} , C _{20 : 0} , C _{20 : 3} , C _{20 : 4} and C _{22 : 0} of P 1 and 2 were higher than those of the control. The contents of C _{16 : 0} , C _{18: 0} and C _{24 : 0} at <0.01 were significantly decreased at P <0.05.

On the other hand, in C _{14 : 0} , C _{18 : 1} , C _{18 : 2} , C _{18 : 3} , C _{20 : 2} and C _{22 : 6} (DHA), the treatment 1 and 2 treatments were significantly (P <0.05). , P <0.01), and C _{20: 5} (EPA) increased significantly (P <0.05) as the level of flax seed was increased.

These results may be due to the direct effect of LCFA (long chain fatty acid) by de nove synthesis due to the lowering of fermentation in the rumen.

And, the fatty acid composition change of kidney fat according to saturation is shown in Table 9 below.

¹ SFA = total saturated fatty acid; UFA = total unsaturated fatty acid

 MUFA = total monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = total polyunsaturated

fatty acid; DFA = those dietary fatty acids having desirable effect in humans (UFA + C _{18 : 0} );

OFA = those dietary fatty acids having objectionable effect in humans (C _{14 : 0} + C _{16 : 0} ).

^{A, B, C} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.01)

^{a, b} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.05)

SFA and OFA (objectionable fatty acid), which are known to be involved in increasing cholesterol content, were significantly decreased (P <0.05) by 10.9% and 12.2% in 1st treatment and 15.5% and 18.0% in 2nd treatment, compared to the control. UFA 11.3 ~ 15.9% (P <0.05), MUFA 8.2 ~ 13.1% (P <0.05), PUFA 45.5 ~ 47.7 % (P <0.05), ω-3PUFA 31.7-41.7% (P <0.01) and ω-6PUFA 47.9-48.7% (P <0.01) showed a tendency to increase significantly.

These results indicate that fat intake is reduced by lowering the proportion of saturated fatty acids such as C _{12 : 0} , C _{14 : 0} and C _{16 : 0,} and increasing the proportions of C _{18 : 0} , C _{18: 1} and C _{18 : 2} . This will have a positive effect on reducing plasma cholesterol.

In addition to reducing triglyceride levels, blood pressure, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis in the plasma, there are reports that it also affects the prevention of tumors and skin diseases and the enhancement of immune function. Treated 1 and 2 treated groups showed a significant increase compared to the control (P <0.05).

I. Fatty Acid Changes in Subcutaneous Fat

Changes in fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat according to the addition of linseed seeds are shown in Table 10 below.

When a fatty acid composition as shown in Table 10 Process 1 2 sphere and processing the fat of ₁₆ C compared to the _{control: 0} content is decreased significantly (P <0.01, P <0.05 ): 0 and C _22.

On the other hand, in C _{18 : 3} , C _{20 : 2} , C _{20 : 4} and C _{22 : 1} , the treatment 1 and 2 treatments increased significantly (P <0.05, P0.01) compared to the control, and C _{20 : 5} And C _{24 : 1} increased significantly (P <0.05) with increasing linseed seeds.

In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20: 5, ω-3), the final metabolite of the ω-3PUFA series, was significantly higher (P <0.05) as the level of flax seed was increased.

The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat according to saturation is shown in Table 11 below.

¹ SFA = total saturated fatty acid; UFA = total unsaturated fatty acid

MUFA = total monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = total polyunsaturated fatty acid

DFA = those dietary fatty acids having desirable effect in humans (UFA + C _{18 : 0} );

OFA = those dietary fatty acids having objectionable effect in humans (C _{14 : 0} + C _{16 : 0} ).

^{A, B} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.01)

^{a, b} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.05)

As shown in Table 11, SFA and OFA, which are known to be involved in increasing cholesterol content, showed similar trends between control, 1st, and 2nd treatments, and UFA and DFA also did not change with the addition of flaxseed. . However, ω-2PUFA, which is known to be beneficial to health, lowers cholesterol and helps in heart disease, was 44.2 ~ 53.8% significantly higher in the 1st and 2nd treatments with flaxseed (P <0.01) than the control. ) Showed a tendency to increase.

All. Fatty acid changes in muscle fat

Changes in fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat with addition of linseed are shown in Table 12.

Fatty acid composition significantly decreased the contents of C _{14: 0} , C _{16 : 0} , C _{20 : 0} and C _{24 : 1} of muscle fats in treatments 1 and 2 compared to control (P <0.01, P <0.05)

On the other hand, C _{16 : 1} , C _{18 : 2} , C _{18 : 3} , C _{20 : 2} , C _{20 : 5} and C _{22 : 6} were significantly increased in the treatment 1 and 2 treatment groups compared to the control (P < 0.05, P <0.01)

It is an important part of meat grade, especially in muscle fat with high preference for meat, EPA (C _{20 : 5} , ω-3) and DHA (C _{22 : 6} , ω-3) which are the final metabolites of ω-3PUFA series Was significantly higher in the first and second treatments with linseed than in the control (P <0.01, P <0.05).

EPA and DHA of ω-3PUFA family are essential fatty acids for improving serum lipids, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and normal development and function of retina and brain. It seems to be encouraging.

And the fatty acid composition of the fat in muscle according to the saturation is shown in Table 13 below.

¹ SFA = total saturated fatty acid; UFA = total unsaturated fatty acid

 MUFA = total monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA = total polyunsaturated fatty acid

DFA = those dietary fatty acids having desirable effect in humans (UFA + C _{18 : 0} )

OFA = those dietary fatty acids having objectionable effect in humans (C _{14 : 0} + C _{16 : 0} ).

^{A, B, C} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.01)

^{a, b} Values with different superscripts differ (P <0.05)

SFA, which is known to be related to the increase in cholesterol content, was significantly decreased (P <0.05) by 39.17% and 38.08% in the first and second treatment groups, compared with 41.84% in the control and the addition of linseed seeds. UFA 4.6 to 6.5%, PUFA 42.4 to 57.1%, ω-3PUFA 74.5 to 88.2%, ω-6PUFA 37.9 to 52.7% (P <0.01) showed a tendency to increase.

As a result of this test, the UFA content of intramuscular fat was significantly higher, so it was judged that the evaluation of taste was high, and the ratio of ω-3PUFA / ω-6PUFA was good as 0.18 and 0.17 in treatment 1 and 2 treatments. The result appeared.

la. Changes in plasma fat

Changes in the fatty acid composition of the fat in the plasma according to the addition of linseed seeds are shown in Table 14 below.

As shown in Table 14, the fatty acid composition showed that C treatments _: C _{14 : 0} , C _{14 : 1} , C _{16 : 0} , C _{18 : 0} , C _{18 : 1} and C ₂₀ The content of _{: 3,} etc. was significantly decreased. (P <0.05, P <0.01)

On the other hand, in C _{18: 2} , C _{18: 3} and C _{20: 2} , the treatment 1 and 2 treatments increased significantly (P <0.05, P <0.01) compared to the control, and C _{20: 4} and C _{20: 5} increased significantly (P <0.05) as the level of linseed was increased.

Changes in fatty acid composition of plasma fat according to saturation are shown in Table 15 below.

As shown in Table 15, SFAs known to be involved in increasing cholesterol content were 30.43% and 27.67% in treatments 1 and 2, 21.6 to 28.7, compared to 38.80% in the control. % Decreased significantly (P <0.01). UFA 13.7 ~ 18.2%, PUFA 24.0 ~ 28.6%, ω -3 PUFA 57.2 ~ 61.5%, ω-6PUFA 21.4 ~ 24.1% showed a significant increase (P <0.01).

5) Cholesterol Analysis

The collected blood was centrifuged at 3,500rpm for 20 minutes after standing at 4 ° C for 20 minutes to separate plasma, and lipids were extracted by Folch et al. And analyzed by commercial kit method.

Changes in cholesterol and plasma concentrations of plasma and muscle fat by the addition of flax seed are shown in Table 16 below.

As shown in Table 16, the plasma cholesterol content was the lowest in the control group at 81.45 mg / dl, while the treatment group 1 was 91.14 mg / dl and the treatment group 2 was 95.06 mg / dl. , 16.7% were significantly higher (P <0.05).

However, the cholesterol content of intramuscular fat was the highest in the control group (238.14mg / dl), while the treatment group 1 (214.61mg / dl) and the treatment group 2 (183.47mg / dl) increased as the level of linseed seeds increased 9.9%, 23.0%. Significantly decreased (P <0.01).

6) Comparison of fatty acid composition between body fat tissues

The composition ratio of UFA, ω-3PUFA, and ω-6PUFA between body fat tissues by flax seed feeding is shown in Tables 17 to 19.

As shown in Table 17, UFA changes in each tissue showed significantly higher percentages in the subcutaneous fat than in the subcutaneous fat compared to kidney fat and intramuscular fat (P <0.01). Was significantly higher than kidney fat (P <0.01).

As shown in Table 18, in the case of ω-3PUFA between the tissues, the renal fat was significantly higher (P <0.05) in the control group than the subcutaneous fat and the intramuscular fat. It was significantly higher than kidney fat and subcutaneous fat (P <0.01).

However, as shown in Table 19, the ω-6PUFA was significantly higher in the subcutaneous fat than other adipose tissues (P <0.01), but the treated fat was higher than the subcutaneous fat and rsdbrso fat. In the two treatments, intramuscular fat was significantly higher than subcutaneous fat and kidney fat (P <0.05).

As described above, the Hanwoo diet according to the present invention improved the daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass rate, back fat thickness and meat grade by adding flax seed to the rich feed, and significantly reduced SFA and OFA in all body fats. By significantly increasing UFA, MUFA and PUFA, the cholesterol content was lowered, and it was effective to cultivate Hanwoo, which helps heart disease.

In addition, ω-3PUFA and ω-6PUFA have been reported to affect the level of triglycerides in blood, blood pressure, platelet fusion, thrombosis and atherosclerosis, as well as the prevention of tumors and skin diseases and the enhancement of immune function. Significantly increased the effect.

Claims (2)

In the manufacturing method of the feed for Hanwoo, Corn 30-43%, Wheat bran 22-31%, Wheat bran 2-8%, Cottonseed 4-8%, Rapeseed 3-6%, Flaxseed 1-5%, Molasses 4 ~ 6% by weight, limestone 0.5-2% by weight, salt 0.2-1% by weight, incal 0.2-1% by weight and vitamin A 2,000,000 IU, vitamin D ₃ 400,000 IU, vitamin E 1,500 IU, manganese 12,000 mg, iron 12,000 mg, According to the growth stages of Hanwoo in rich feed formulated with a blending ratio of 1 to 2% by weight of supplemental nutrients containing 8,000 mg of zinc, 1,000 mg of copper, 1,000 mg of cobalt and 150 mg of iodine, the pine needle powder 1 ~ Add 2% by weight, 1 ~ 2% by weight ocher, and instead of adding 1 ~ 2% by weight pine needle powder and 1 ~ 2% by weight ocher in the thick feed later than 10 ~ 15% Hanwoo feed production method for improving the meat, characterized in that the addition of%. delete