KR100779584B1 - A supply device for a fluid to a combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for supplying fluid to a combustion chamber (3) of a furnace (2) or technically equivalent plant includes a pipe which has peripheral openings (5e) and which is supported externally of the furnace combustion chamber (3), and means for moving the pipe axially into and out of an opening in the chamber wall. The fluid is supplied through a flexible hose (7). A cleaning device is arranged in a supply device housing (11) and functions to clean the pipe as the pipe moves inwardly and/or outwardly. Threaded plugs that function as nozzles through which fluid is delivered to the chamber are screwed into one or more of the openings (5e). One (9) of the plugs is provided with a camera lens (60) that enables an on-line-study and/or photoelectric recording of the combustion process in the chamber (3) to be made.

Description

A SUPPLY DEVICE FOR A FLUID TO A COMBUSTION CHAMBER

The present invention relates to a supply device for supplying a fluid to an internal combustion chamber of a heat generating plant, such as a boiler, an incinerator and a technically corresponding device. The supply device is of the kind defined in the preamble of claim 1.

This type of supply is available from SE, C, 9201747-4 (Publication No. 502 188) and SE, C, 9304038-4 (Publication No. 502 283) (both in the name of ECOMB) and their foreign counterparts. Is known from.

This known fluid supply device provides lower discharge levels and higher flexibility and allows for quick and reliable adjustment to the desired discharge level.

The apparatus also simplifies the removal and cleaning of soot in the pipes contained in the apparatus, which is a feature that enhances the yield of the combustion and vaporization processes, respectively.

The device can also be supplied with different fluids or solids at different points in time through one or more of the tubes, thus establishing a new optimal operating point for the dominant operating state of the combustion chamber. A particular advantage provided by the known apparatus is that one or more tubes can be removed using the remaining tubes while still causing the combustion or vaporization process to continue.

Other types of feeding devices are described by way of example in DE, A1, 4 306 765 (Bauer) and US, A, 5 112 216 (Ten).

Such a limited supply device must be able to operate reliably for long periods of time in a demanding and dominant corrosion environment in which no tubes inserted into the combustion chamber are subjected to high stresses and deformations due to high temperatures. In addition, it is usually necessary to take into account the change in temperature that occurs when the tube is removed for three to six washes per calendar day.

When using a combustion plant equipped with the aforementioned fluid supply device, it is required to make the combustion process more efficient and to reduce the emission of harmful substances in the environment. To achieve this, it is necessary to fully know the dominant state of the combustion process. In this respect, the proposals presented to date have been satisfactory, in particular because it has not been possible to carefully examine various aspects or characteristics of factors that are important for an efficient combustion process, such as, for example, the color of combustion gases and particles and the strength of various components of the combustion chamber. It didn't make sense.

One object of the present invention is to eliminate this defect.

The supply apparatus of the present invention that meets this object is of the kind described above and has the features described in the characterizing part of claim 1.

One advantage provided by the present invention is that in principle the entire furnace can be continuously photographed along the downstream side of the relevant tube and displayed on a display screen, for example in a control room. This advantage is provided in particular when at least one of the camera lenses is a wide angle lens. This allows the combustion process to be automatically controlled for maximum possible efficiency through computer-assisted image analysis while accurately observing environmental characteristics.

An outlet opening through which the cleaning fluid and cooling liquid can be blown is conveniently disposed around the lens in the lens receiving plug. This fluid is preferably the same fluid as the fluid supplied to the combustion chamber and the spray cleaning action is achieved by a rotatable member such as a steel pin or brush used to clean the tube as it moves inward and / or outward. Amplify the effect.

The possibility of using the process air supplied to the remaining air nozzles of the tube which blows the camera lens and also cools the lens is of particular advantage, the number of which varies between 10 and 50, for example.

The associated portion contained within the lens and plug is suitably located radially from the circumferential surface of the plug at a distance that allows convective and radiant energy to be transferred from the wall of the cold tube to the lens. Claims 6 and 7 define a supply device for efficiently cooling both a camera lens and a supply device equipped with a nozzle.

The invention also relates to a position in which the outflow angle, flow rate and pressure of the outflow fluid are continuously provided by the image analysis with the aid of computer-assisted image analysis in accordance with the invention and consistent with signals or information indicative of changes in ambient conditions By rotating the furnace tube it is continuously adapted.

The supply device is preferably provided with an electric motor which actually comprises a chain drive which automatically rotates the tube to the appropriate setting in relation to the result obtained by the motor example as an image analysis. Cooling is particularly efficient by means of the aforementioned helical passageway where coolant travels while the coolant passes to the inner end and during the return to the outer end, thereby increasing the life of the feeder. The cooling tube and the return passage are conveniently provided with a connection, preferably a quick-coupling, on its outer surface which connects a flexible hose which may accompany the tube as it moves axially out and in from the combustion chamber.

Further features of the present invention and the advantages provided thereby will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The description will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber of a heat generating plant, such as a waste or waste incinerator, equipped with an air supply of the present invention shown in an operational state.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of some of the essential parts of the supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

3 is an exploded perspective view of a fluid delivery tube having an outer barrel and cooling tube or duct as the tube of the supply device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

4 is a side view of the outer end of the fluid delivery tube, showing the suspension device, the fluid connection and the coolant connection.

5 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a portion of the wall of the combustion plant and of a housing located at the end of the feeder and containing the tubular cleaning member.

6 is a vertical sectional view of the tube showing three threaded openings spaced at different angular distances.

7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a feeder with a plugged screw that includes an opening for receiving a camera lens and an opening through which cleaning air is blown.

8A-8C show three different types of plugs that can be screwed into the threaded opening shown in FIG. 6.

9 is an end view of the inward end of the supply device, the inward end comprising a flange connection with an associated releasable sealing device for cooperating with a replaceable tube.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 9, wherein the sealing device is double and the intermediate space is shown to be pressurized by secondary air supplied to reduce boiler leakage due to displacement of the tube.

1 shows a combustion plant 2 in the form of a furnace for burning solid fuel, the furnace comprising a bottom grating (not shown) and an upper combustion chamber 3.

Fuel may be supplied to the furnace intermittently or continuously, and combustion air is injected from below through the grid in the form of primary air to generate combustion gas in the combustion chamber 3.                 

Secondary air is supplied via a plurality of supply devices, one of which is shown at 1 in FIG. 1. The supply device comprises an axially movable tube 5 which enters the combustion chamber 3 through an opening in the furnace wall. The supply device 1 supplies secondary air for the final combustion of the gaseous reaction product and the solid particles in the combustion chamber 3. Some of these particles settle on the inner surface of the combustion chamber 3, which is covered with water or steam carrying tubes 4 insulated from the outside. Thus, the particles are also settled on the feed pipe 5, whereby the opening 5e through which the secondary air is fed through can be completely or partially blocked, thereby negatively affecting the secondary air supply. As a result, combustion will be incomplete and will cause problems of this type.

In the case of the plant shown, for example, a fluid supply tube 5 for supplying secondary air comprises a curtain comprising a plurality of mutually parallel tubes 5 of this kind at one or more levels in the combustion chamber 3. Are arranged to form a system. The tube 5 is provided with a nozzle-shaped opening 5e extending over the entire length of the tube surface of each tube. The openings 5e may have different pitches or spacings from one another, and various openings of different rows may be arranged along the tube in a manner described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 8. have. These openings may be equipped with plugs 5f, 5g, 5h that can act as nozzles as an option. As a fluid, a fan or blower connected to the collecting box 6 is connected with secondary air having a mixture of concentrated ammonia at high pressure, recycled flue gas and / or gaseous oxygen. A blower (not shown) is supplied as a medium, in which a flexible hose 7 extends from the collecting box 6, which is connected to each tube 5 by quick-coupling. It is connected to the end flange 5k.

Depending on the combustion process involved, the tube 5 is moved axially into and out of the chamber 3, eg 3-6 times per calendar day, at longer or shorter intervals. This allows the emission level of the combustion process to be maintained at the optimum level.

The supply device 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of an elongate modular device which can be detachably applied to the wall 2a in the region of the tube receiving opening in the wall 2a of the combustion plant. The module device is configured around the frame portion 10 of a generally rectangular cross section. The frame part 10 has a cleaning device 8 in the form of a steel pin 8 which acts as a brush at one end thereof and their drive means described below with reference to FIG. 5. The housing 11 in which the cleaning device 8 and its drive means 41-47 are housed is provided with a connecting means having a connecting flange 35 surrounding the tube receiving opening in the wall 2a.

The upper guide 12 for the carriage 13 extends in connection with the frame portion 10, which carriage 13 surrounds the links 14, 15 and the tube 5 in the outer end region of the tube 5. Generally, the U-shaped member 16 is used as a medium to support the tube 5. As mentioned earlier, the tube is rotatably mounted so that the direction of fluid flow to the outside is optimally set.

 The tube drive means consists of an electric motor 20 located at the inner end of the frame portion 10, the electric motor 20 running around a sprocket wheel or chain wheel 23 supported by a shaft 22. The shaft 22 is rotated via the chain 21. The other chain wheel 25 is mounted on the shaft 26 at the other end of the frame portion 10. The chain 24 connected to the link arm 15 via the connecting member 27 extends on the chain wheels 23 and 25 so that the pipe 5 moves in either direction according to the rotational direction of the electric motor 20. do.

The guide 12 disposed in the roof region of the frame portion 10 has a lower angled leg that forms a downward opening through which the downward central portion 13a of the T-shaped carriage 13 protrudes. . The carriage 13 can slide on a beam acting as a guide means or the carriage 13 can be equipped with a wheel or roller to facilitate the movement.

As evident from FIG. 3, the tube 5 cooperates with a pipe barrel 5a provided with a nozzle or nozzle-shaped opening 5e and a coupling 7a on the flexible hose 7. It consists of an inner tube 5b having a connecting flange 5k at its outer end. Each tube 5 may, for example, have three rows of nozzles or injection openings 5e arranged at different angular distances. This allows the tube to be set in its optimal position by rotating the tube and / or plugging one or more injection openings or all injection openings in one or more rows in connection with installing the device, the plug being free of openings, i.e. blinds. The direction and magnitude of the flow of fluid exiting the tube, including nozzles with nozzle orifices having different or the same or different diameters, are optimal for the associated combustion process.

The outer cylinder 5a and the inner tube 5b both have closed inner ends and accommodate to some extent three cooling ducts 5c extending spirally around the inner tube 5b. The cooling duct 5c is covered at its outer end with a casing 51 as a connection example and is provided with a quick coupling for cooperation with the flexible coolant supply hose 30. The quick coupling is covered by a similar casing as an example connection for another flexible hose from which coolant passes through.

The cooling duct 5c is opened at its inner end so that the coolant leaving the duct obtains a spiral return passage 5i in the space formed between the outer cylinder 5a, the inner tube 5b and the cooling duct 5c. The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 provides very efficient cooling of the tube 5. In some embodiments, the helical cooling duct 5c may be replaced by a wall between the inner tube 5b and the surrounding outer cylinder 5a.

The sectional view shown in FIG. 5 is intended to show that the housing 11 for the cleaning device has two or more mutually opposite steel pins supported by the holder member and acting as a brush. 3) Perform a controlled or guided rotational movement around the tube 5 as it moves in and out of it, so that the centrifugal force thus produced is used to efficiently clean the tube.

More specifically, the brush 8 is a holder supported by a rotating shaft 41 having a gear wheel 42 at one end that rotates against an internal tooth of a fixedly mounted tooth 43. 40). The shaft 41 is mounted to the chain wheel 48 via a ball bearing 50, a brushing 51 and a holder 49. Rotational force is transmitted via a motor-driven chain 47 that meshes with the chain wheel 48, and the motor drives the chain, not shown in the figure. The chain wheel 48 is then mounted for cooperation with the toothed ring 43 via a similar V-shaped wheel 44 that engages with a V-shaped groove in the circumference of the toothed ring 43.                 

As a result of the above-described configuration, the brush 8 rotates at high speed and strikes the tube 5 strongly and flexibly to efficiently remove soot and other particle deposits. Moving the tube axially can also treat the entire cylinder surface and nozzle openings disposed thereon. The unit 39 can be easily exchanged entirely with the steel pins 8 of the unit 39 after loosening the shaft 41 by releasing the nuts and bolts of the shaft 41.

FIG. 7 shows the plug 9 screwed into the opening 5e in the tube 5. The plug 9 is provided with a camera lens 60, which allows on-line irradiation and / or photoelectric recording of the combustion process to take place with the conductor connection 61 as a medium. This allows the combustion process in the chamber 3 to be influenced, for example, by means of a signal sent to a pressure and flow regulating fan or blower as a medium. The illustrated lens 60 is a wide angle lens, which in principle allows the entire hearth to be filled and continuously displayed directly on the display screen or through video in the control room.

The plug 9 comprises a large number of outlets 63 of small diameter, in which air consisting of process air supplied to the combustion chamber 3 is injected through the outlets 63 to clean and cool the lens 60. Let's do it.

The lens 60 and its conductor connection 61 are also cooled by the surrounding coolant, i.e. the water in the aforementioned helical flow passage, and thus can be kept free of deposits. The "coarser" cleaning process performed via the brush system described with reference to FIG. 5 is also a contributing factor in this regard.

The portion of the camera lens 60 accommodated in the plug 9 is spaced some distance from the plug circumference to allow convective and radiant energy to be transferred from the cold tube wall to the lens. Although not shown, the tube 5 is also provided with an electric motor, which can be rotated 180 ^{° in} either direction via a chain drive (not shown).

Therefore, with the help of computer-assisted image analysis via the camera lens 60, it is possible to continuously adapt the direction, flow rate and pressure of the air coming out of the plugs 5g and 5h (Fig. 8), thereby providing an efficient combustion process. To be achieved in response to signals and information indicated by image analysis for changes in conditions.

When mounting and tuning the fluid supply device, a carefully considered decision is made as to which nozzle opening 5e should be opened and therefore which of the openings should be plugged. The camera can also be used to make this decision. In connection with this analysis, it is also important to know the temperature in the combustion zone where the tube 5 is located. This important parameter can be determined with the aid of the tube itself, ie by placing the temperature sensor in the inner end region of the tube, for example in the closed inner end wall of the tube as shown in FIG. 3.

Accurate mapping of the current temperature zone can be performed by inserting the tubes step by step 1/2 meter at a time and reading the temperature each time the insertion of the tubes is stopped. Cameras can also be used in this process.

After mapping the propagation in this temperature zone, the nozzle 9 to be opened and the nozzle to be plugged are determined to obtain the best function. The tube can also be rotated during the test process, and the tube is rotatable as described above.

In the case of the embodiment shown in Figs. 6 and 8A to 8C, the tubes have three rows of nozzle openings 5e arranged at different angular distances as angular distances of 90 ^o , 120 ^o and 150 ^o , respectively. When all the nozzle openings 5e in one row are equipped with blind plugs 5f of the kind shown in Fig. 8A, two outgoing jets of fluid are directed relative to each other with respect to the position in which the tube 5 is rotated. Corresponding angles can be formed.

The remaining nozzle openings 5e may be equipped with respective nozzles 5g and 5h of the type shown in Figs. 8B and 8C, respectively, which also allow the magnitude of the flow out of the tube to be adjusted. By way of example, a nozzle 5g with a small opening may be located close to the outer end of the tube, while a nozzle 5h with a large opening may be screwed into the inner end of the tube. Thus, this allows different flows to be obtained in the longitudinal direction of the tube.

By way of example, several different types of threaded nozzles 5g, 5h with opening diameters of 5, 10, 12, 15, 20 mm can be used.

9 and 10 show a double sealing device 70 which acts similarly to two aperture diaphragms or shutters and is located on a connecting flange 71 for connection to the boiler wall 2a at the inner end of the feed device. The inner end has a bottom flange 72. The sealing device 70 has two arrays of sealing members on the sealing device 73 which have the shape of a circular ring and comprise a turning flange 74, which device rotates via the center bolt 75. Capable of being supported, the device is provided with an arcuate slot 76 through which the bolt 75 can travel.

Each rotating flange 74 is also provided with an arcuate slot through which the bolt 75 can run. The rotating flange 74 is provided with a rotating arm 81, which is a piston rod (not shown) of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (not shown) in which the flange 74 is mounted to the frame portion 10 by the rotating arm 81. Can be rotated as a medium, whereby the rotation of the flange 74 causes the sealing member 73 to move radially outward or inward in accordance with the direction in which the flange rotates.

The radially inward movement of the sealing member causes the members to abut the tube 5. The sealing member is moved to disengage from engagement with the tube 5 when rotated in the other direction, thus causing the tube to move in the axial direction.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the two parts of the double sealing device 70 are located axially spaced apart. The fluid, ie the secondary air in the case shown, is supplied to the intermediate space 77 via an air sleeve or nipple 78 arranged circumferentially. In this way an overpressure for the boiler is maintained in the space 77, which prevents leakage from the combustion chamber 3 when the tube 5 is in its inserted position.

The air sleeve 78 is supplied with the same secondary air supplied to the combustion chamber via a separate conduit (not shown). The fluid so supplied has a dual purpose.

The double sealing device of the above-described type, in which the secondary air is supplied separately for sealing purposes in connection with the axial movement of the tube, is actually only one single set of the sealing element of the above-mentioned kind, which acts similarly to the aperture diaphragm or shutter. It has been found to be much more efficient than the containing device. The apparatus also ensures reliable results from the above-described tuning process in which the camera lens 60 is used.

Reference numeral 72 in FIG. 10 denotes a bottom flange associated with the double sealing device, reference numeral 74 denotes a spacing member, reference numeral 74 denotes two rotating flanges, and Reference numeral 80 denotes two guide flanges.

Service to the furnace plant is usually carried out, where the first used modular unit is removed and the new unit is applied by connecting the unit to the same location that the removed unit occupied first. In order to obtain the best function, the test of the kind mentioned above is carried out before commencing normal use of the new module unit. Maintenance and service for the removed module unit can thus be performed at the factory as an example.

In the case of conventional combustion plants in which the feeder of the invention can be used, the tubes typically have a length of 3-6 meters. However, both longer and shorter tube lengths can be used. The modular structure of the feeding device allows the device to be relatively easily adapted to the tube length required in different individual cases.

Claims (10)

As a supply device (1) for supplying a fluid to the combustion chamber (3) of the heat generating plant, A tube 5 comprising an opening 5e circumferentially supported on the outside of the plant, Drive means 20-27 for moving the tube 5 axially into and out of the plant through an opening in the wall 2a of the plant, Means for movably supporting the tube at its outer end, the means for rotating the tube about its longitudinal axis in operation (13-16), Connecting means 5k arranged for connection with a flexible hose 7 for supplying the fluid from a source and arranged at the outer end of the tube 5, A rotatable member for cleaning the tube with respect to either or both of the inward and outward movement of the tube, Means (30) for supplying a coolant to the pipe (5), and One or more openings 5e in the tube 5 Including; The opening is suitable for receiving plugs 9, 5f, 5g, 5h, At least one said plug 9 comprises a camera lens 60 which enables either or both on-line irradiation and photoelectric recording via an associated conductor connection 61, so that the combustion process in the chamber 3 is carried out. Supply unit, characterized in that affect. The method of claim 1, Supply device, characterized in that the at least one lens (60) is a wide angle lens. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The plug is characterized in that it has an outlet opening (63) around the lens through which the cleaning and cooling fluid exits during operation of the supply device. The method of claim 3, The supply apparatus, characterized in that the cleaning and cooling fluid is the same fluid as the fluid supplied to the combustion chamber (3). The method of claim 3, The lens 60 and the portion of the lens contained within the plug 9 are spaced radially away from the peripheral surface of the plug, so that convection and radiant energy is transferred from the cold tube wall to the lens during operation of the feeder. Supply device, characterized in that for delivering. The method of claim 1, The tube has an outer cylinder surface 5a comprising a peripheral plug receiving opening, At least one cooling duct 5c extends or spirally extends between the inner tube 5b and the outer cylinder surface 5a, the cooling duct 5c having an inner end thereof open, the inner tube 5b and The outer cylinder surface 5a is characterized in that its inner end is closed to form a helical fluid return passage 5i in the space between the outer cylinder surface 5a, the inner tube 5b and the cooling duct 5c. Feeding device. The method of claim 6, The spiral cooling duct (5c) is replaced by a wall between the tube and the outer cylinder. The method of claim 1, Drive means for rotating the tube; Means for adapting the outflow direction, flow rate, and pressure of fluid supplied through said tubular nozzle in response to signals and information obtained from said image analysis of the state of combustion in said combustion chamber with the aid of computer aided image analysis. Feeder. The method of claim 1, The tube is provided with a sealing device 70, The sealing device 70 surrounds an opening in the wall 2a, A sealing member engaged with the tube 5 in a sealed position, Drive means in a "first position in which the axial movement of the tube 5 is free" and in a "second position in which the sealing member is kept in a sealing butt state with the tube when the tube 5 is inserted into the combustion chamber" Can be moved by 81, The sealing members 73 of the dual array are positioned in axially spaced relation, and the space 77 between the sealing members of the two arrays is at least under the excess pressure at the insertion position of the tube 5. A supply device characterized in that it is maintained. The method of claim 9, Supply apparatus, characterized in that the same fluid as the fluid supplied to the combustion chamber and the interior of the conduit (5) is supplied from the source to the inner space (77) via a separate supply conduit.

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