KR100764598B1 - A water retaining block - Google Patents

Abstract

A water retaining block is provided to prevent the temperature increase of the road and to prevent heat island in the city by molding lower and surface layers integrally through ready-mixed concrete. A concrete block(1) is hardened by molding ready-mixed concrete composing cement, aggregate, and water. The diameter of the aggregate is less than 5mm. The aggregate having the diameter of 2.5 to 5mm is less than 5% of the total aggregate, and the aggregate having the diameter of 1.2 to 2.5mm is 30 to 40% of the total aggregate. The concrete block is formed by molding lower and surface layers(1B,1A) integrally through the ready-mixed concrete. The aggregate is mixed with 40 to 70% for the total volume of the ready-mixed concrete.

Description

Water Retaining Block

1 is a perspective view showing a conservative concrete block according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a relationship between the unit quantity and the Marshall Ranma compactor specimen.

It is a figure which shows typically one Embodiment about the method of evaluating the flash concrete of this invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the raw concrete is filled in the formwork.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a use example of the concrete block according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings>

1 .... concrete blocks

1A ... Surface

1B ... lower floor

2 .... stone

3 .... forming mold

21. Formwork

31.Ranmar for the Marshall Test

41 ... weight

51.Guide bar

61 ... pressure plate

71 ... Fixture

The present invention is the most suitable concrete block used for paving roads and plazas. In particular, the surface temperature of the roads and plazas is suppressed from rising due to the heat of vaporization when water retaining water retaining properties is evaporated. It is about a concrete block that can be.

As a conventional water-retaining concrete block, a water-retaining concrete block using a blast furnace slag or the like is well known (Patent Document 1).

However, with this technique, the repair amount can be secured by the porous nature of the blast furnace slag, but it is not enough to secure the absorption capacity of water. Moreover, there exists a technique of mixing organic polymer materials, such as an absorbent polymer and a granulation improver, in order to ensure sufficient repair amount and a water absorption capability (patent document 2). However, organic materials are not preferable in terms of durability and environment because they are inferior in weatherability and environmental impact compared to inorganic materials.

The inventor of the present invention discloses a concrete block useful as a packaging material by specifying a particle size of aggregate so as to have a porosity and a pore diameter excellent in water retention and permeability, and disclosed in Patent Document 3. However, since the invention regarding this patent document 3 is invention which considered water permeability, it cannot be seen as concrete specialized in water retention property.

Moreover, the inventor disclosed in patent document 4 the method of evaluating a flash property about cramped concrete.

(Patent Document 1) Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3082360

(Patent Document 2) Japanese Patent No. 3740559

(Patent Document 3) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-225283

(Patent Document 4) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-241371

The present invention is to solve the conventional problems as described above, the purpose is to use the cement, natural aggregate, water, which is usually used for concrete as a constituent material and to adjust the particle size composition of the aggregate, the amount of cement, the amount of water (quantity) It is to provide a concrete block that can secure the required repair amount and absorption capacity.

In short, the conventional patent document 3 discloses concrete having water retention and water permeability, but the present invention provides a concrete block having water retention and water absorption.

In addition, the present invention, by applying the invention described in Patent Document 4 through a few experiments to examine the tendency of the amount (quantity) of water on the water retention, and at the same time, the flash concrete can be used to process the concrete with improved absorbency and water retention Its purpose is to provide an evaluation method to investigate whether a proper pore diameter and porosity has been achieved.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a concrete block having an optimum pore diameter and porosity showing two properties because the water absorption and water retention are different according to the change in pore diameter and porosity.

In addition, the present invention provides a concrete block capable of suppressing the rise of the surface temperature of the road or square due to the heat of vaporization due to the evaporation heat and maintaining the water retainability and suppressing heat islands in the inner city.

The present invention to achieve the above object,

In the concrete block manufactured by molding and hardening the raw concrete kneaded with cement, aggregate, and water into a predetermined shape, the aggregate particle size is 5 mm or less, and the particle size aggregate of 2.5 mm to 5 mm is 5% or less of the total aggregate, The above problem is solved by providing a concrete block, characterized in that the aggregate size of 1.2mm ~ 2.5mm containing 30 to 40% of the total aggregate. The particle size here represents the aggregate diameter.

In the present invention, in the concrete block formed by integrally molding the lower layer and the surface layer of the raw concrete kneaded with cement, aggregate, and water to a predetermined thickness, the aggregate particle size constituting the lower layer is 5 mm or less and 2.5 mm to 5 mm. The above-mentioned problem is solved by providing a concrete block, wherein the particle size aggregate is 5% or less of the total aggregate, and the particle size aggregate of 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm contains 30 to 40% of the total aggregate.

In another aspect, the present invention solves the above problems by providing a concrete block formed by mixing the aggregate 40 to 70% of the total volume of the raw concrete.

And the present invention solves the above problems by providing a concrete block, characterized in that the unit water (water quantity) is 60kg / ㎥ ~ 120kg / ㎥.

In another aspect, the present invention solves the above problems by providing a concrete block characterized in that the confirmation of the amount of concrete in the flash state by measuring the amount of deformation caused by the falling of the heavy material.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a perspective view showing one form of a concrete block according to the present invention. The concrete block 1 shown in Fig. 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a length of 100 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a thickness of 60 mm, the surface side of which is a surface layer portion 1A having a thickness of about 10 mm, and the lower layer portion 1B below the surface layer portion 1A. It is a thicker layer, and the joint butterfly adjustment protrusion 2 is integrally formed on the side.

The above concrete blocks are mixed with cement, aggregate, and water in a mixer (not shown) and, if necessary, used for coloring the admixture such as an AE agent or a water reducing agent and the surface layer 1A, such as chromium oxide, iron oxide, Bengala or Colorant such as titanium oxide is added to the cement ratio of about 2 to 3% by weight, and the raw concrete kneaded by mixing is molded into a predetermined shape using a mold, and then cured by curing for a predetermined time.

The concrete mixing ratio is in this example 250 to 550 kg / m3 of cement, 1400 to 1800 kg / m3 of aggregate, and 60 to 120 kg / m3 of water. Among these aggregates, natural aggregates such as river sand, rocks and stone-crushed crushed stone, and broken sand can be used.

Particularly important aggregate is 100% of 5mm or less, 5% or less of 2.5mm to 5mm, 35 ± 5% in the range of 1.2mm to 2.5mm, that is, the aggregate size of the aggregate is all 5mm or less, and aggregate of 2.5mm to 5mm particle size Ag is less than 5% of the aggregate, and aggregates having a particle size composition are used so that aggregates of 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm particle size contain 30 to 40% of the aggregate. In addition, in the case of using a mixture of different materials and densities as the aggregate, it is preferable to apply the volume ratio at the ratio of particle size.

At this time, when the particle diameter of 2.5mm ~ 5mm exceeds 5%, the amount of repair, the absorption height is lowered. In addition, when the particle diameter exceeds 1.2% to 2.5mm, the amount of repair is increased, but the absorption rate is lowered. On the contrary, when the particle diameter of 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm falls below 30%, the water retention rate and water absorption rate are also lowered.

In addition, water retention and water absorption are largely related to the amount of cement and unit water as well as the particle size of the aggregate. If the amount of unit cement and the amount of unit is excessive, the cement paste is filled between the aggregates, and the water retention rate and water absorption rate are lowered. On the other hand, if the amount of unit cement and the amount of unit is too small, the water retention and absorbency will be increased, but the bonding strength of the cement paste will decrease and the strength will be reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, a compounding range of unit cement amount of 250 to 550kg / m 3, unit aggregate amount of 1400 to 1800kg / m 3, and unit quantity of 60 to 120 kg / m 3 is suitable.

Normally, the amount of concrete is about 150 kg / m 3, but in the present invention, the amount of water is 60 to 120 kg / m 3 and is made of cramped (dough) raw concrete without fluidity.

The concrete is filled into the formwork, molded while vibrating and pressurized, then immediately demolded and cured for a period of time to produce concrete blocks.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 4, (3) is a shaping | molding die, and this shaping | molding die 3 has a lower mold | type 3A for filling a raw concrete, and an upper mold | type 3B which presses the raw concrete filled in the lower mold | type. It consists of. The raw concrete filled in the lower mold 3A is kneaded by adding cement, aggregate, water, or an appropriate amount of admixture as described above, and the aggregate particle size is 5 mm or less and the aggregate of 2.5 mm to 5 mm particle size is 5% of the aggregate. Hereinafter, aggregates having a particle diameter of 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm are used that contain 30 to 40% of the total aggregate. Mix this to 40-70% of the total volume of raw concrete. In addition, the water cement ratio is set to 15 to 30%.

And this raw concrete is filled in 3 A of lower molds. Particularly, the raw concrete (C1) is placed in the lower mold (3A) and selected as a raw material forming the lower layer, and the raw concrete (C2) obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of colorant with the raw concrete (C1) as a raw material forming the surface layer thereon is selected. Put it in. Subsequently, the lower mold 3A is vibrated with a vibrator (not shown). Thus, the raw concrete (C1), (C2) inside the chopped immediately after demolding, and curing the concrete molding for a certain time to prepare a concrete block (1) as shown in FIG.

The following describes the use of concrete blocks. 5 is an example of pavement of a sidewalk and a plaza by concrete blocks. (4) is a hearth, (5) is a filter layer composed of sand or the like installed on the hearth, (6) is a crushed stone layer installed on the filter layer, (7) is a permeable sheet laid on the crushed stone layer, (8) is a permeable sheet It is cushioning sand. The concrete block 1 is laid on the buffer sand 8 and filled with joint sand between each block. In addition, the filter layer 5 is set to about 50 mm thick, the crushed layer 6 is set to about 100 mm thick, and the buffer sand 8 is set to about 30 mm thick, but the crushed stone layer 6 is set to an appropriate height on the road through which the vehicle passes. .

Next, the flash property evaluation method and the quantity estimation method of the concrete according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as 'the present invention method') will be described in detail.

As described above, the concrete related to the present invention is a spastic raw concrete having no fluidity, so the flash properties cannot be evaluated by slump or flow. Therefore, explain how to evaluate the appearance. Fig. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of the raw concrete evaluation method of the present invention. This embodiment shows a case in which a form 21 is used for a concrete strength test form having an inner diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm, and a mass 41 is used that accompanies the lanmar 31 for testing (mixing test). will be.

As shown in FIG. 3, the ranma 31 is provided such that a cylindrical weight 41 having a weight of 4500 g can be relatively moved up and down with respect to the guide rod 51 passed through the weight 41. The lower end of the 51 is provided with a pressing plate 61 for transmitting the impact of the dropped heavy object 41 to the convulsive concrete 11 beneath it, the upper portion of the guide rod 51, the rising of the heavy object 41 A fixture 71 for limiting the position is provided.

The diameter of the pressing plate 61 provided at the lower end of the ranma 31 is almost the same as the inner diameter of the formwork 21, and when the pressing plate 61 is placed on the cramped concrete 11 introduced to the formwork 21, It is comprised so that the whole surface of the spasm concrete 11 may be covered.

In the case of using such a test apparatus, the method of the present invention is carried out in the following order.

First, the convulsive concrete 11 to be measured is introduced into the formwork 21. The amount to be charged is 60 to 80% of the formwork 21 to measure the weight to fill. Next, the ranma 31 is placed as if the upper surface of the spasm concrete 11 injected into the formwork 21 is covered with the pressing plate 61 of the ranma 31. Then, in the state in which the support rod 51 of the ranma 31 is vertically supported, the weight 41 is pulled up to the upper end, and the weight 41 is freely dropped from the upper end. When the heavy material 41 falls, the convulsive concrete 11 is compacted through the pressing plate 61, and the surface is pressed down to remove the ranma 31 and thus, from the top of the formwork 21 to the upper surface of the convulsive concrete 11. Measure the distance. After the measurement, the ranma 31 is placed on the upper surface of the concrete concrete 11 again and the same process is repeated.

In this way, by measuring the distance from the top of the formwork 21 to the top of the concrete and subtracted from the height of the formwork, the height of the concrete in the formwork can be obtained. You can also multiply the cross-sectional area to invert the volume of the spasm concrete. By dividing the weight measured in advance by the volume, it is possible to determine the compaction density of the concrete according to the number of drops of the heavy material.

In this way, if the compaction of the concrete by free fall of the heavy material and measurement of the surface position of the concrete are repeated, the relationship between the number of drops of the heavy material and the compaction density can be obtained. To determine the flash characteristics of the sparse concrete, you can use a calibration curve that you have measured beforehand.

Specifically, as an example, the test curve is obtained as the relationship between the number of drops of the heavy object and the compaction density of the convulsive concrete by performing the drop test of the heavy material by using the same method as described above using the concrete concrete having the flash property or the quantity of compaction. Create calibration curves for a plurality of spastic concretes with different quantities.

Then, the relationship between the number of falling drops and the compaction density of the heavy object is determined as described above for the convulsive concrete whose flash properties and quantity are not known, and then the flash characteristics of the convulsive concrete (for example, compaction property) are compared with the plurality of calibration curves obtained above. And quantity can be obtained more accurately.

In the case where the heavy material 41 is attached to the Marshall test ranma 31 as in the present embodiment, the rising position of the heavy material 41 is fixed, so that the impact on the spastic concrete block 1 due to the drop is constant. And reduce the measurement error. In addition, the Marshall test ranma (31) is provided with a pressing plate (61) surrounding the surface of the concrete at the lower end thereof, so that the impact of the heavy material (41) can be applied to the entire convulsive concrete surface through the pressing plate (61). There is an effect that no error occurs.

Moreover, the method of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment as described above. That is, in the above-described embodiment, those used in the Marshall test ranma are used as heavy materials, but other types of heavy materials can be used.

In addition, the weight and falling distance of the heavy object is not particularly limited, but if the impact of the heavy object is too large, it will be excessively compacted and the difference in flash characteristics and quantity will not appear.If the impact is too small, the compaction will take a long time and will not be sufficient. The difference between the flash characteristics and the quantity is hard to see. Therefore, from these viewpoints and workability, the fall distance is about 0.5m, and the weight of the heavy weight is about 2 to 10kg.

In addition, the form 21 is not limited to the one used in the above-described embodiments, and any form of form can be used as long as it accommodates the convulsed concrete to be evaluated and the impacted concrete is subjected to the convulsed concrete depending on the weight. have.

The number of times of dropping the heavy object is not particularly limited, but in order to reduce the measurement error, it is preferable to drop the heavy object so that the number of compacting densities reaches an average. For example, 10 to 30 times is appropriate.

The average value of the compaction density is preferably set so that the concrete product is equal to the actual compaction density in the manufacturing machine by adjusting the compaction conditions (weight of the heavy weight, falling distance, and cross-sectional area of the concrete). However, when the average value of the compaction density exceeds the actual compaction density of the concrete product in the manufacturing machine, it is preferable to make the same number of drops of both.

Example 1

Cement (usually Portland cement), aggregate (grind), water, and admixture were kneaded in a blender according to the formula in Table 1 to produce zero slump spasm concrete.

Table 1       Material name         Density (g / cm 3)       Unit volume (ℓ / ㎥)       Specification (kg / ㎥)       cement          3.15         103         324       broken stone          2.72         620        1686       water          1.00         77         77       Porosity           -         200         -       Sum           -         1000        2087

Here, ※ admixture is used with 0.7% of cement ratio. ※ Waste yarn shall be particle size adjustment.

Then, put the raw concrete in the mold and put the colored concrete on it. After vibration molding, the mold is demoulded immediately and the molding is cured and cured at room temperature to produce a water-retaining concrete block.

Furthermore, the raw concrete used in this example is the same as the lower layer and the surface layer except for mixing a colorant for the surface layer.

As shown in Table 2, 100% of 5mm or less, 2% of 2.5mm ~ 5mm, 36% of 1.2mm ~ 2.5mm is included as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Particle Size Distribution of Aggregate Used        Sieve eye (mm) Cumulative amount of remaining in each sieve (%)   % Remaining in each sieve       % Pass         5.0           0           0         100         2.5           2           2          98         1.2           38           36          62         0.6           67           29          33         0.3           83           16          17         0.15           95           12           5         0.075           99           4           One         Remainder           100           One           0         Sum           -           100           -

In addition, the results of examining the properties of the concrete block obtained in Example 1 of the interlocking block paving technology association (hereinafter referred to as 'JIPEA') of the corporation, the conservative packaging interlocking block (hereinafter referred to as 'conservative block') The comparison with the quality standard is shown in Table 3.

JIPEA's standards for water-retaining blocks set the water-retaining performance for retaining moisture inside the block and the absorbing ability to raise the water retained on the block, together with the test method. At the same time, it can effectively exert the function of suppressing the increase of road surface temperature caused by heat of vaporization.

Table 3 Test results of conservative blocks (compared to the standard values of JIPEA conservative blocks)     Repair amount (repairability) (g / cm 3)   Absorption height after 30 minutes (absorbency) (%)       Flexural strength (N / ㎡)       Performance test value          0.21            81           5.11       JIPEA Conservative Block Standard        0.15 or more         More than 70     ※ 3.0 (5.0) or more

* 3.0 or more: Pedestrian path, 5.0 or more: parking lot and vehicle entrance.

According to the present invention as shown in Table 3, it is possible to produce a water-retaining block that effectively exerts a road surface temperature suppression function without depending on the use of an absorbent organic polymer or porous aggregate.

Example 2

In the concrete block of the present invention, the raw concrete is ultra-convulsive, so the flash properties cannot be evaluated by slump or flow. Therefore, in the past, production sites have relied on the experience of molding technicians and tentacle inspection by sixth sense.

However, in order to reliably exhibit the performance of the present invention, it is necessary to quantitatively manage the unit quantity of raw concrete. As a method, the method by measuring the deformation amount according to the fall of the heavy object shown in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-241371 is the most suitable. This is to put a certain amount of raw concrete in the column formwork and chopped a predetermined number of times using the Marshall test Ranma 31, and the unit quantity management by the value lowered from the top of the form after chopping. Detailed test methods are already described and will be omitted.

Below, the relationship between the change in the unit quantity, the value lowered from the top of the form after being chopped with the Marshall test ranma (31), and the change in all properties of the specimen after demolding are shown together, and the effectiveness of the management method is explained.

Change the unit quantity of concrete by 20kg / ㎥ up to 50kg / ㎥ ~ 130kg / ㎥, and knead the raw concrete, and add 1.5kg of raw concrete to the 10cm diameter and 20cm high column circumferential formwork. The amount of water, the height of absorption, and the compressive strength were measured using the value (cm) lowered from the upper surface of the formwork of the mold compacted and the same specimen, and the relationship between the unit quantity and all the above properties was shown.

The result is shown in FIG. In addition, Figure 2 is the value of the cylindrical specimen compacted using the Marshal test lanmar and the value of the block products by the actual mechanical molding with different molding conditions and properties, the absolute value does not match, but the relative relationship of all properties to the unit quantity I can figure it out.

In short, the larger the unit quantity, the lower the depth due to the compaction, and the better the concrete's tightness. However, as the unit water volume increases, the maintenance amount and the suction height decrease. In particular, the lowering of the suction height is greatly influenced by the unit quantity.

On the other hand, the compressive strength increases because the concrete becomes closed as the number of units increases. This is the difference between ultra-concrete concrete and the conventional soft concrete.

By the Marshal Lanmar test, the concrete block of the present invention can be stably produced in the desired quality by quantitatively confirming the kneading properties of the raw concrete in the manufacturing process and carrying out quantity control.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art may variously modify or change the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Nevertheless, all such modifications or variations are intended to be clearly pointed out that they fall within the scope of the present invention.

According to the concrete block of the present invention as described above, the porosity, 150 ~ 300ℓ / ㎥ is ensured to sufficiently maintain the quantity, and the optimum pore diameter for generating a capillary phenomenon to raise the water can be obtained .

And the water-retaining concrete block of the present invention is used in the pavement, sidewalks and square pavement with excellent water retention and absorbency, it can be expected to suppress the heat island phenomenon due to the heat of vaporization when the retained moisture evaporates.

Claims (5)

In the concrete block solidified by molding the raw concrete by kneading cement, aggregate, and water, the particle size of the aggregate is 5 mm or less, and the particle size aggregate of 2.5 mm to 5 mm is 5% or less of the total aggregate, and 1.2 mm to 2.5. Concrete block, characterized in that the particle size of the aggregate comprises 30 to 40% of the aggregate. In the concrete block formed by integrally molding the lower layer and the surface layer by the raw concrete that kneaded cement, aggregate, and water, the particle size of the aggregate constituting the lower layer is 5 mm or less, and the particle size aggregate of 2.5 mm to 5 mm is the aggregate of the whole aggregate. The concrete block, characterized in that less than 5%, the particle size aggregate of 1.2mm ~ 2.5mm comprises 30 to 40% of the total aggregate. The concrete block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aggregate is 40 to 70% mixed with respect to the total volume of the raw concrete. The concrete block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the unit quantity is 60 kg / m 3 to 120 kg / m 3. The concrete block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the quantity of concrete in the fresh state is checked by dropping the weighted object against the fresh concrete and measuring the amount of concrete deformation.

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