KR100717732B1 - Incinerator for infectious waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating infectious waste, and more particularly, to an incinerator capable of safely and completely burning infectious waste having a high calorific value as compared to general urban waste.

The incinerator according to the present invention includes a waste input hopper installed at an upper portion of the combustion chamber, a plurality of grates installed to reciprocate independently of the lower portion of the combustion chamber, and an air supply device for supplying air to the combustion chamber. Is composed of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, and is formed in a transverse manner so that the flow of combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber is inverted. The input hopper has a slide type upper input damper installed at an upper portion and a flap type installed at a lower portion thereof. Bottom injection damper is installed. In addition, the plurality of grate is composed of a drying unit, a combustion unit and a post-combustion unit, and a step is formed in the combustion unit grate in order to stir and invert the agglomerates generated during incineration.

Infectious waste, incinerators, stockers, steps, water-cooled towers

Description

Infectious Waste Incinerator {INCINERATOR FOR INFECTIOUS WASTE}

1 is a schematic diagram of an infectious waste treatment apparatus in which an infectious waste incinerator is used according to the present invention;

2 is a detailed explanatory view of the incinerator shown in FIG.

3 is a detailed explanatory view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG.

<Brief Description of Drawings>

10 Waste Transport 20 Incinerator

21 Input Hopper 22 Upper Input Damper

23 Lower input damper 27 Secondary combustion chamber

30 Heat Exchanger 31 Water-Cooled Cabinet Tower

32 air-cooled cooling tower 40 neutralization reactor

50 Dry Purifier 60 Blower

70 years

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating infectious waste, and more particularly, to an incinerator capable of safely and completely burning infectious waste having a high calorific value as compared to general urban waste.

Infectious wastes are wastes discharged from medical institutions or test institutes, which are susceptible to infection, and waste synthetic resins such as tissues extracted from humans or animals, cotton wools with blood or secretions or drugs from humans or animals, disposable syringes or fluid sets. There is Ryu. Infectious waste must be disposed of separately from general waste because of the risk of infection.

As an infectious waste treatment method, a steam sterilization treatment method, an incineration method, a chemical disinfection method, a radiation ion method, an ultra high temperature plasma melting method, and the like are known. Steam sterilization is a method of removing infectious bacteria by putting infectious waste with water in a sealed container and heating it to more than 120 ℃. In addition, chemical sterilization is a method of sterilizing with a chemical such as chlorine gas after grinding infectious waste. Incineration is a method of treating infectious waste by burning it, and has been widely used in recent years because it can reduce the volume by more than 90% and completely sterilize it at a high temperature.

However, incinerators currently in infectious wastes such as hospitals and test institutes are small, simple incinerators that do not completely clean and discharge the exhaust gas, and then incinerate the waste after storing it for a certain amount of time. There is a high risk of secondary infection because it must be done, there is a disadvantage that can not recover the waste heat generated during incineration. In particular, infectious wastes with a high calorific value of more than 7000 Kcal / kg are completely burned in small incinerators for the disposal of general waste and the exhaust gas is not completely purified. In addition, there is a problem that does not completely process the dioxins generated during incineration of infectious waste. Dioxins are decomposed at high temperatures above 850 ° C. and are rarely measured at the outlet of incinerators, but dioxins are regenerated and detected in the exhaust gas passing through the cooling treatment plant.

The present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional small infectious waste incineration apparatus as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment apparatus that can safely incinerate infectious waste of high calorific value. The present invention provides an infectious waste treatment apparatus having a heat exchanger capable of maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gas after combustion so that the dioxin is not regenerated in a temperature range (140 to 160 ° C.) in which the dioxin is not regenerated. The present invention also provides an infectious waste treatment apparatus capable of directly injecting infectious waste into the grate of an incinerator so that the infectious waste input hopper is not blocked by the infectious waste, and prevents the occurrence of fire by backfire. to provide.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a stocker type incinerator capable of completely burning infectious waste. The incinerator according to the present invention divides and supplies air to the grate of the incineration chamber divided into a drying unit, a combustion unit, and a post-combustion unit, and forms a step on the grate of the combustion unit so that high calorific infectious waste can be completely burned.

Infectious waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, a stocker-type incinerator having an infectious waste input hopper, a heat exchanger for cooling and discharging the acid exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator, and an acid discharged by being cooled by the heat exchanger Neutralization reactor for neutralization by spraying slaked lime slurry on the gas, Bag filter for removing dust from exhaust gas discharged from the neutralization reactor, and hydrated lime hopper for supplying slaked lime powder to the exhaust gas supplied to the bag filter. And an activated carbon hopper for supplying activated carbon powder, wherein the heat exchanger includes a water cooling tower for first cooling the high temperature exhaust gas, and an air cooling tower for secondly cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the water cooling cooling tower. It is done.

The incinerator includes an air supply device for supplying air to the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber of the incinerator is composed of the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, it is formed in a transverse manner so that the flow of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber is reversed have. In addition, the plurality of grate of the incinerator is composed of a drying unit, a combustion unit and a post-combustion unit, it is preferable to form a step in the combustion unit grate in order to stir and invert the agglomerates generated during incineration. In addition, it is preferable that the air supply device divides and supplies combustion air, respectively, into a drying unit, a combustion unit, and a post-combustion unit divided into partitions for complete combustion.

In order to prevent backfire during waste input, the waste input hopper is preferably provided with a slide type upper input damper at the top and a flap type lower input damper at the bottom. In addition, it is more preferable that the outlet of the inlet hopper of the incinerator is disposed so as to be perpendicular to the upper part of the stove so that the injected waste is directly injected into the stocker. In particular, in the water-cooled cooling tower, a plurality of unit cooling units are connected and stacked in parallel so that even if a failure occurs in any one unit, only the failed unit cooling unit may be stopped and the remaining cooling units may be operated to perform a cooling function. More preferred.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a schematic view of an infectious waste treatment apparatus using an infectious waste incinerator according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a detailed explanatory view of the incinerator shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a detailed explanatory view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. to be.

As shown in FIG. 1, the infectious waste treating apparatus of the present embodiment includes a stocker type incinerator 20, a heat exchanger 30 for cooling the combustion gas discharged from the incinerator 20, and cooled gas. A neutralization reactor 40 for spraying and neutralizing the slaked lime slurry and a dry purifier 50 for removing harmful components such as dust and dioxins contained in the gas discharged from the neutralization reactor 40 are included. Reference numeral 60 is a blower, and 70 is a stack (chimney).

FIG. 2 is a detailed explanatory view of the incinerator shown in FIG. 1. At the top of the incinerator 10, an input hopper 21 for introducing the infectious waste 11 is provided. The incinerator of this embodiment is a stocker system, and the grate is composed of three stages: a drying section 24, a combustion section 25, and a post combustion section 26. As shown, the grate is composed of six and each is independently controlled by the hydraulic cylinder 86 is to enable the reciprocating motion. Two types of grate are arranged in the drying part 24, the combustion part 25, and the post-combustion part 26, respectively. In particular, the grate of the combustion section 25 is provided with a step 25a so as to have a function of stirring and inverting as the lump generated by incineration of waste falls. In the incinerator 20, a secondary combustion chamber 28 is formed in a passage through which the exhaust gas passes, so that unburned gas is completely burned out in the secondary. The incinerator 20 is partitioned so that the exhaust gas is reversed along the traveling direction so that the combustion gas is retained in the combustion chamber for 2 seconds or more. The combustion chamber is composed of a first combustion chamber 27 and a second combustion chamber 28, and three flues 27, 28, and 29 are formed in a horizontal row so that the flow of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber is reversed twice. . Therefore, the combustion gas is allowed to remain in the incinerator for a long time to allow complete combustion. In the combustion chamber, combustion air is divided into a drying part divided into partitions 82 and a lower part of the combustion part and the post combustion part through a fan 80 for supplying combustion air and a pipe 81 connected to the fan 80. It is intended to be supplied. In addition, the combustion air is also supplied to the fan 83 through the pipe 84 to the upper portion of the combustion chamber.

An upper input damper 22 of a sliding gate type and a lower input damper 23 of a flap type are disposed below the upper input damper 22 at an upper portion of the infectious waste input hopper 21. It is installed. The upper input damper 22 and the lower input damper 23 prevents the flame from flowing back and maintains a stable differential pressure in the incinerator 20. In addition, the outlet of the inlet hopper 21 of the incinerator is located in the vertical upper portion of the stocker 24 so that the injected waste is directly blocked into the stocker 24 without being blocked.

In front of the inlet of the input hopper 21, a waste transport apparatus 10 for loading the sealed infectious waste transport container as it is and supplying it to the input hopper 21 is installed. The conveying apparatus 10 includes a rail and a bucket 11 which is guided by the rail and moves up and down. In addition, although not shown, the transfer device 10 is provided with a metering device for measuring waste.

The combustion gas discharged from the incinerator 20 is supplied to the heat exchanger 30, cooled to 250 ° C. or lower by heat exchange, and sent to the neutralization reactor 40. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchanger is composed of a water cooling tower 31 and an air cooling tower 34. The water cooling cooling tower 31 is formed by stacking six unit cooling units 31a to 31f in parallel. Each of the unit cooling units 31a to 31f has a double tube type so that combustion gas flows through the inner tube and the cooling water circulates through the outer tube. Cooling water circulating in the outer tube receives heat from the inner tube through which the hot combustion gas passes, and as the temperature increases, water vapor is generated. The generated water vapor is separated from the water separator not shown, and the outside air passes through the pipe 37. And the cooling water flows naturally into the water tank 90 so as to circulate. The water tank 90 is connected to an air-cooled chiller (not shown) to cool the heated coolant. Cooling water of the cooled water tank is supplied through the supply pump 91 to the supply water tank 92 for supplying the cooling water to the water-cooled cooling tower (31), the cooling water stored in the supply water tank (92) to the cooling pump (93) It is supplied to each unit cooling unit (31a-31f) through the supply pipe 32 connected. The supply pipes 32 are connected in parallel to the respective unit cooling units 31a to 31f. In addition, the discharge pipe 33 is also connected in parallel to each of the respective unit cooling units (31a-31f), the supply pipe 32 and the discharge pipe 33 of each of the unit cooling units (31a-31f) Control valves 32a and 33a for adjusting the water level are provided. Since the water-cooled cooling tower 31 is composed of a plurality of unit cooling units 31a to 31f, even if a failure occurs in any of the cooling units, only the failed unit cooling unit is stopped and the remaining cooling units are operated to provide a cooling function. There is an advantage to it. The combustion gas discharged from the incinerator 20 is quenched to a temperature of 450 ° C. or lower at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher while passing through the water cooling cooling tower 31.

Passed through the air-cooled cooling tower 34 passed through the water-cooled cooling tower 31 is cooled to a temperature of 250 ℃ or less. The air-cooled cooling tower 34 is a double tube so that combustion gas flows through the inner tube and air for cooling flows through the outer tube. In particular, the flow direction of the combustion gas is to flow from the lower portion of the air-cooled cooling tower 34 to the upper portion, so that heavy dust and the like fall to the lower portion of the air-cooled cooling tower 34. On the other hand, the supplied cooling air flows in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the combustion gas. The air-cooled cooling tower controls the flow rate of the cooling air supplied by the cooling fan 94 to maintain the temperature of the combustion gas discharged from the air-cooled cooling tower 34 to 250 ° C or less.

In order to control the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger 30, the temperature of the exhaust gas is at the inlet (outlet of the incinerator) of the water-cooled cooling tower 31, the inlet of the air-cooled cooling tower 34 and the outlet of the air-cooled cooling tower 34. Temperature sensors 38a, 38b and 38c for measuring the pressure are provided respectively. In order to control the temperature of the exhaust gas so that the dioxin is not regenerated by receiving the temperature of the exhaust gas from the respective temperature sensors 38a, 38b, and 38c in the control device, not shown, the cooling pump 93 and the valve 32a, 33a) to control the water level of each unit cooling unit 31a-31f of the water-cooled cooling tower 31, and at the same time to control the cooling fan 94 to adjust the amount of air supplied to the air-cooled cooling tower (34) The temperature of the combustion gas discharged from the heat exchanger 30 is controlled.

The combustion gas discharged from the incinerator 20 includes dust, harmful acid gases (HCl, SOx, NOx, HF), dioxins, heavy metals, and the like, so that it is required to remove them and discharge them. Acid exhaust gas passing through the air-cooled cooling tower 34 is neutralized by passing through the neutralization reactor (40). The neutralization reactor 40 is a semi-dry purifier to spray the slaked lime slurry supplied through the pipe 42 to the combustion gas to neutralize the acid gas component in the slaked circuit.

The combustion gas passing through the neutralization reactor 40 is finally purified by the dry purifier 50 and discharged to the atmosphere through the stack. The dry purifier 50 includes a slaked lime hopper 51 and an activated carbon hopper 52 for supplying the slaked lime powder and activated carbon to the bag filter 53 and the bag filter 53. The hydrated lime powder neutralizes the acid gas remaining in the exhaust gas, and activated carbon adsorbs harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxins. The bag of the bag filter 53 filters particulates, such as dust, and replaces a bag when a differential pressure becomes more than predetermined.

According to the present invention, there is provided a waste treatment apparatus capable of safely incinerated high calorific value infectious waste of 7000 Kcal / kg or more. In particular, the infectious waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention is controlled to a temperature of 450 ° C. or less by rapid cooling and 140 ° to 160 ° C. by rapid cooling and air cooling so that dioxin is not regenerated from the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator, and is purified primarily by a semi-dry neutralization reactor. Afterwards, the dry purifier completely removes the second harmful substance and releases it into the atmosphere so that it does not cause any environmental problems.

In addition, the infectious waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention is provided with an input hopper capable of directly injecting a sealed infectious waste packaging container into an incinerator, thereby safely treating the infectious waste until incineration.

In addition, the incinerator according to the present invention is composed of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, and is formed in a transverse manner so that the flow of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber is inverted so that the residence time of the combustion gas is long to completely burn the infectious waste. Can be. In addition, a step is formed in the combustion section grate, which can prevent and reverse the agglomeration of waste during combustion, thereby enabling complete combustion of the waste.

An embodiment of the present invention described above and illustrated in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical spirit of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art can change and change the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Therefore, such improvements and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

A waste input hopper installed at an upper part of the combustion chamber, a plurality of grates installed to reciprocate independently installed at a lower part of the combustion chamber, and an air supply device for supplying air to the combustion chamber, The combustion chamber is composed of a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, and is formed side by side so that the flow of the combustion gas discharged from the combustion chamber is reversed. Infected waste incinerator, characterized in that the input hopper is provided with an upper input damper of the slide type installed in the upper portion and a lower input damper of the flap type installed in the lower portion. The method of claim 1, The plurality of grate is composed of a drying unit, a combustion unit and a post-combustion unit, the incineration waste incinerator, characterized in that the step is formed in the combustion grate grate to agitate and reverse the lumps that are native during incineration. The method of claim 2, The inlet of the inlet hopper of the incinerator is an infectious waste incinerator, characterized in that disposed vertically on top of the stove so that the injected waste directly into the stocker. The method of claim 3, The air supply apparatus is an infectious waste incinerator, characterized in that for supplying the combustion air divided into the drying unit and the combustion unit and the post-combustion unit divided into partitions, respectively.

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