KR100715000B1 - Stairway - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a staircase having a light structure and having a good production and construction efficiency and a light feeling, the staircase is formed by a pair of left and right stringers made of the truss structures 10 and the floor tread 12. Each truss structure 10 includes an upper string member 1 and a lower string member 2 inclined at an inclination of a staircase, and a plurality of grid members for connecting the upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 to each other. (4), between the truss structures 10, a plurality of connecting members 11 are horizontally placed at the height of each layer back plate and the layer tread plates 12 are supported.

Description

Stairway

The present invention relates to a staircase.

There have conventionally been various forms for supporting the stepping windows of stairs. In the case of wooden or iron staircases, the floor steps are generally supported by a stringer (hereinafter also referred to as an open stringer type). Stringers that must support heavy loads from the floor treads are made by large and thick members, such as grooved steel or I-shaped steel, for example in the case of steel stairs.

However, in the conventional staircase, the stringers are heavy and therefore a large amount of work is required during transportation and construction. In addition, the length or shape of the stringer depends on the installation conditions including the number of floor steps of the stairs and the slope of the stairs, thereby making it difficult to efficiently produce the stringers.

Large and heavy members, such as grooves or I-beams, are used not only for stringers in stairways but also for other building structures, but the use of such members in the visible part of the construction creates a feeling of pressure and their design surface. Falls from.

In this situation, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-21389 discloses a staircase having a simplified appearance by arranging floor treads inside a pair of left and right side frames formed in a truss shape. The staircase includes a pair of left and right side frames formed in a truss shape, connecting members for connecting the lower string members of the two side frames, and a connecting member located above the side frames. Handrails connected by the two rails and arranged in parallel along the upper string members of the sideframe, and between the two sideframes. And, in order to prevent the warp in the transverse direction of the stairs, each end of the upper string members of the side frames and each end of the handrails are each bent outwardly to have a bend.

However, in this step, the railings serve as a structure for maintaining the strength of the step, the floor steps are supported by the lower suspension of the sideframe, and the upper suspensions of the sideframes are located above the floor steps, i.e. Located at a height. Therefore, the staircase is not suitable as a staircase without the handrails. For example, if the stairs are built along the wall, the sideframes are located next to the wall and above the floor steps, rather damaging the aesthetics of the stairs. In addition, the stair railings, which can be designed relatively freely, should serve as structures, which leads to design constraints.

In addition, the stairs, the upper string members and the railings are provided with bent portions for improving the strength, however, the railings are arranged along the upper string members of the left and right side frames to connect the upper string members to each other This is not possible and thereby limits the overall strength of the stairs. In addition, it requires cumbersome bending to form the bends.

Furthermore, since the bends must be processed in accordance with installation conditions such as the number of stepping windows in the stairs and the inclination of the stairs, it is difficult to manufacture the bends efficiently.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a staircase which has a light structure and can give a non-heavy impression, and another object of the present invention is to provide a staircase having high strength and high efficiency in productivity and workability.

In order to solve such problems, the invention according to claim 1 consists of a pair of left and right stringers made of truss structures and floor treads, each of which is inclined to an inclination of a staircase. It is a staircase consisting of a string member and a lower string member, and a plurality of grid members for connecting the upper string member and the lower string member.

According to this step, since the stringers for supporting the floor steps are made of truss structures, the step can have a light structure. In addition, unlike stairs made by heavy members such as grooved steel or I-shaped steel, it is possible to build a staircase that gives a light weight and an open feeling without being pressured even when installed indoors.

The invention according to claim 2, wherein the truss structures are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting members placed at the height of each layer back plate, and the layer tread plates are staircases fixed and supported on the connecting members.

According to this step, the left and right truss structures are connected to each other by the connecting members, and as a result, the torsional rigidity of the whole staircase and the bending rigidity in the left and right directions are increased, and thus, when a person climbs and descends the stairs, The occurrence of torsion and shake of the car is greatly reduced.

The invention according to claim 3, wherein the upper string member and the lower string member are provided with a node member, respectively, wherein the lattice members are stairs connected to the node members.

According to this step, the stairs can be constructed by simply connecting the grid members with the node members provided on the upper and lower string members. The node members are preferably installed on the lower surface of the upper string members or the upper surface of the lower string members. In this way, the node members can be installed regardless of the inner shapes of the upper and lower string members, and therefore, the inner shapes of the upper and lower string members can be set as desired.

The invention according to claim 4, wherein each node member has a columnar shape and has a connection groove formed on its outer surface, and each of the grid members has a connection end formed at both ends, and the connection groove and the connection end portion. They have concave and convex portions engaged with each other, and the lattice member is connected to the node member by pressure-fitting the connecting end portions with the connecting groove.

According to this staircase, for connecting the grating members and the node members, the connecting ends formed at both ends of the grating members can be fitted to the connecting grooves formed on the outer surface of the node members, thereby making it easy to build the stairs. Become. In addition, the concave-convex portions formed in each of the connecting grooves and the connecting ends are engaged with each other, thereby preventing the lattice members from moving in the axial direction.

The invention according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the upper string member and the lower string member is formed by a structural angle having a groove portion extending in the inclined direction of the stairs and opening toward the lattice member, wherein the node The members are stairs which are installed inside the grooves.

According to this staircase, at least one of the upper and lower string members extends in the inclined direction of the stairs, and the node members are installed inside the upper or lower string members, thereby providing a simplified appearance. . In addition, although the node members are installed inside the upper string member or the lower string member, since the lower surface of the upper string member or the upper surface of the lower string member is opened, the grid members may be connected to the node members. In addition, a cover member may be fixed to the structural angle to close the opening. When the openings of the structural angles forming the upper and lower string members are closed by the cover member, not only the appearance is improved but also dust can be prevented from being accumulated inside the structural angle.

The invention according to claim 6, wherein the truss structure is composed of a node member provided on the upper string member and the lower string member, and a frame member for connecting adjacent node members to each other. It is a staircase.

According to this staircase, each truss structure is constructed by connecting a plurality of frame members having the same length as the distance between adjacent node members, thereby making it easy to adjust the length of each truss structure. Since the upper string members and the lower string members can also be formed by connecting a plurality of frame members, it is only necessary to change the length of the frame members to be connected (change of the height of the layer backboard and the depth of the floor tread) or the number of floor treads of the stairs. Its entire length can be adjusted. In addition, when the planar shape of the staircase is changed, such as a spiral staircase, it is only necessary to change the axial direction of the frame members adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the truss structures to connect the frame members with the node members. Therefore, the curved stairs can also use the same frame members as the straight stairs, thereby increasing the production efficiency.

The invention according to claim 7, wherein each node member has a columnar shape and has a connection groove on its outer side, and each frame member has a connection end at both ends, and the connection groove and the connection end are fitted to each other. It is a staircase having a concave-convex portion, and the frame member is connected to the node member by pressure-fitting the connecting end portions with the connecting groove.

According to such a step, the frame members and the node members are connected by pressure-fitting to the connection grooves formed on the outer surfaces of the connection member portions formed at both ends of the frame members, thereby facilitating the construction of the stairs. In addition, the concave-convex portions formed in each of the connecting grooves and the connecting ends are engaged with each other, thereby preventing the frame members from moving in the axial direction.

The invention according to claim 8 is a staircase in which the floor treads are supported by a space truss structure inclined by the inclination of the stairs, the reinforcing member disposed along at least one of the upper and lower string members. Further provided, the reinforcing member is a staircase fixed to at least three or more node members.

According to this staircase, in at least one of the upper and lower string members, a plurality of node members are integrated by the reinforcing member, so that bending stiffness in the outward plane of the truss structures is improved, and as a result, Strain is suppressed. Due to this, the shaking of the stairs due to the load acting in the left and right directions of the stairs is greatly reduced. As a result, the members for connecting the left and right truss structures to each other can be omitted or a light structure, thereby providing a simplified appearance. When the reinforcing member has a flat shape, the production and installation thereof become easy. When the reinforcing member is L-shaped or groove-shaped, a simple design can be provided because it covers the frame members constituting the upper string members or the lower string members, and the vertical rigidity is also improved.

The invention according to claim 9, wherein the space truss structure is formed by connecting a plurality of upper string members connected to each other and the lower string members positioned below the intermediate point of the adjacent upper string members by the grid members. It is a staircase.

According to this step, the lower string members are located below the midpoint of the adjacent upper string members, for example, if there are three upper string members, two lower string members are provided. In this case, the space truss structures look trapezoidal when viewed in the inclined direction of the stairs, thereby providing a simplified appearance. In addition, the space truss structure has a light weight and feels open, and does not give pressure even when the stairs are installed indoors. In addition, adjacent upper string members are connected and integrated with each other, and as a result, the torsional rigidity and the lateral bending rigidity are high in the space truss structure, and the torsion and shaking of the stairs occurring when a person moves up and down the stairs is also small. Moreover, the handrails are not structures in the stair body, so the handrails can be designed as desired.

In addition, the staircase is lighter in structure than the conventional staircase using heavy members such as grooved steel or I-shaped steel, and thus is easy to handle during construction.

If there are two upper string members, one lower string member is used. In this case, the space truss structure appears as an inverted triangle when viewed from the inclined direction of the stairs.

The invention according to claim 10, wherein the upper string member and the lower string member is a staircase formed by connecting a plurality of frame members by the node members, respectively.

According to this staircase, since the upper and lower string members are connected by a plurality of frame members, by increasing or decreasing the number of frame members to be connected, the length of the entire staircase (the number of floor steps) can be easily adjusted. have.

The invention according to claim 11, wherein the grid member and the frame member each has a connecting end at both ends, the outer surface of the node member is formed with connecting grooves to which the connecting end can be fitted, The connecting ends are steps which fit into the connecting grooves.

According to this step, the connection of the frame members and the node members or the connection of the grating members and the node members only by fitting the connection ends of the members processed to fit the connection grooves formed on the side surfaces of the node members. Since this is done, no welding or special tools are required and workability is thus improved.

The invention according to claim 12, wherein the adjacent upper string members are connected to each other by connecting frame members, each connecting frame member has a connecting end at both ends, the connecting ends are connected to the node members Stairs that fit into the grooves.

According to this step, the connection of the node members and the connection frame members is performed simply by fitting the connecting end portions formed at both ends of the connection frame member to the node members having the connection grooves, so that welding or a special tool is not necessary and accordingly Workability is improved.

According to the invention according to claim 13, wherein the connecting frame members are stairs comprising connecting inclined members inclined with respect to each of the upper string members.

According to this step, the connecting inclined members inclined between the upper string members can reduce the shear deformation of the upper surface of the space truss structure. That is, in the space truss structure, the torsional rigidity and the bending rigidity in the left and right directions are increased, and thus, the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the space truss structure is greatly reduced when a person moves up and down the stairs.

The invention according to claim 14 is the staircase of claim 9, wherein the adjacent upper string members are connected to each other by brackets for supporting the floor steps.

According to this step, adjacent upper string members are connected by brackets, thereby further reducing the displacement and deformation in the left and right directions of the space truss structure. That is, the bending stiffness in the left and right directions of the entire staircase is increased, whereby the shaking when a person moves up and down the staircase is greatly reduced. By supporting the central portions of the floor steps by brackets, the warping of the floor steps is also reduced. Thus, the strength of the layered treads themselves may be small, thereby widening the choice of structure and material of the layered treads. In addition, a layered stepboard surface for supporting the floor tread plates is formed on the upper surfaces of the brackets, and an attachment surface attached to the upper string members is formed on the lower surface of the brackets, and the attachment surface is inclined at an inclination of the stairs with respect to the floor stepboard surface. As a result, the floor stepboard surfaces are horizontal when installed on the upper surfaces of the upper string members. In this way, the installation work of the stepping board becomes easy, and thus the construction efficiency is improved.

1 is a perspective view of a staircase according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 1.

3 is an enlarged side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 1.

4 is a front view of the stairs shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5A is a plan view of the layered treads, and FIG. 5B is a front view of the layered treads.

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the frame members constituting the upper and lower string members, FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the frame members constituting the grid members, and FIG. 6C is a view of FIG. It is a side view of the frame member shown to (b).                 

7 (a) is a perspective view of the connecting member, Figure 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the connecting member.

8 is a perspective view of one example of the node members disposed on the upper string members.

9 is a perspective view of one example of the node members disposed on the lower string members.

10 is a plan view of the node members.

FIG. 11A is an enlarged side view of the railing, and FIG. 11B is an enlarged view of FIG. 11A.

12 (a) and 12 (b) are front views of balusters, and FIG. 12 (c) is an enlarged front view of FIG. 12 (b).

Figure 13 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the connecting portion between the balustrade and baluster, Figure 13 (b) is a plan view of the same site.

14 is a perspective view of a staircase according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

15 is a side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 14.

17 is a front view of the stairs shown in FIG. 14.

18A and 18B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the layered treads, respectively.

19 is a perspective view of horizontal grid members.

20 is a perspective view of a staircase according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21A is a schematic plan view of the frame members and the node members in the case of forming a curved truss structure, and FIG. 21B is a plan view of the frame member shown in FIG. 21A.                 

22A and 22B are perspective views showing another example of the stairs according to the third embodiment.

23 is a side view of a staircase according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged side view illustrating a part of the stairs shown in FIG. 23 broken.

(A) is sectional drawing along the XX-X line of FIG. 24, (b) is sectional drawing along the Y1-Y1 line of FIG. 24, (c) is the YC-YC line of FIG. The cross section along the.

(A) is sectional drawing along the Y2-Y2 line of FIG. 24, (b) is sectional drawing along the Y3-Y3 line of FIG.

27A and 27B are a plan view and a front view of the layered treads, respectively.

28 (a) and 28 (b) are a plan view and a front view of a layered stepping board of different forms, respectively.

FIG. 29A is a cross-sectional view of another example of the upper string members of the stairs according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view of another example of the lower string members.

30 is a cross-sectional view of the upper string members of the staircase according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

31 is an enlarged side view of a staircase according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

32 is a side view of a staircase according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

33 is an enlarged side view illustrating a part of the stairs shown in FIG. 32 broken.

(A) is sectional drawing along the Y5-Y5 line of FIG. 32, and FIG. 34 (b) is sectional drawing of the connection member.

Figure 35 (a) is an exploded perspective view of the truss structure, Figure 35 (b) is a perspective view showing a state where the upper reinforcing member and the lower reinforcing member is installed on one of the truss structures.                 

36 is an exploded perspective view of the stairs according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

37 (a) is a view showing another cross-sectional shape of the upper reinforcing member and the lower reinforcing member, Figure 37 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which only the upper reinforcing member is installed.

38 is a perspective view of a staircase according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

39 is a perspective view showing a step according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

40 is a perspective view showing another example of the stairs according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

57 is a perspective view showing the whole of the stairs according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a front view of the stairs shown in FIG. 57. FIG.

FIG. 59 is a side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 57. FIG.

FIG. 60 is an enlarged side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 59.

61 is an exploded perspective view of the stairs according to the ninth embodiment.

FIG. 62A is a view seen from the line X1-X1 in FIG. 59, and FIG. 62B is a view seen from the line X2-X2 in FIG. 62A.

Figure 63 (a) is a perspective view of the frame member and the connecting frame member, Figure 63 (b) is a plan view of the same portion, Figure 63 (c) is a perspective view of the grid members, Figure (d) is the same site Top view of the.

64 is a perspective view for explaining the node members (hubs).

65 is a plan view of the node members shown in FIG. 64;

(A) of FIG. 66 is sectional drawing along the X3-X3 line of FIG. 59, and FIG. 66 (b) is the figure seen to the X4-X4 line direction of FIG.                 

67 (a) and (b) are a perspective view and a side view of the brackets, respectively.

(A), (b), (c) of FIG. 68 are side views of support shoes.

69 is an exploded perspective view of a staircase according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

70 (a) is a plan view showing the arrangement of the upper string members and the connecting frame members of the space truss structure constituting the stairs according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, Figure 70 (b) is a lower portion of the space truss structure A plan view showing the arrangement of the string members and the lattice members, FIG. 70C is a side view of the space truss structure.

71 is a side view of a staircase according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is an enlarged side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 71. FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the staircase according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a truss structure (10, 10) as a pair of left and right stringers, and a plurality of connecting members for connecting the stringers with each other (11), the floor treads (12) fixed to the connecting members (11), the handrails (15) located above the side ends of the floor treads (12), and supporting the handrails (15) Consisting of balusters (13, 14). In addition, in this embodiment, the support shoes 6a and 6b are installed between the bottom of the truss structures 10 and the bottom surface 7 of the lower layer, and the beam members 8a of the upper and upper layers of the truss structures 10 are provided. The support shoe 6c is provided in between.                 

Each of the truss structures 10, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 inclined by the inclination of the stairs, and a plurality of grating members for connecting them ( It consists of 4). In the present embodiment, the upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 each consist of a plurality of frame members 3 connected to each other by the hubs 5 as the node members, and the grid members 4 are It consists of the same members as the frame member 3. In other words, each truss structure 10 is composed of a plurality of frame members 3 and hubs 5 for connecting them, and the ends of the frame members 3 are connected to the hubs 5 arranged at each node. It is connected.

Each frame member 3 is made of a tubular member having a flat connecting end 3a formed at both ends thereof, as shown in Fig. 6A, and the connecting end 3a is at its end. Have uneven parts in the part. The frame member 3 is an extruded article made of aluminum alloy, and the connecting end 3a is formed by press working or the like. On the other hand, since the connection end part 3a is long and flat in the axial direction of the hub 5 (see FIGS. 8 and 9), the connection end 3a has a strong connection structure against the external force in the axial direction of the hub 5.

The grating members 4 are made of members of the same type as the frame member 3, and as shown in FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c), the ends of the connecting end portions 4a are frame members 3. Is cut so as to form an angle α (hereinafter referred to as coin angle α) with respect to the axial direction of

The hub 5 is a cylindrical extruded or cast article made of aluminum alloy, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Each hub 5 has a plurality of connecting grooves 5a cut along the axial direction on its outer surface. The connection grooves 5a have the same cross-sectional shape as the end of the connection end 3a of the frame members 3 and the end of the connection end 4a of the grid members 4, and on the inner wall thereof, the connection end ( The uneven portion formed to engage with the uneven portion of 4a (3a) is formed. On the other hand, the hubs 5 arranged along the upper string members 1 and the hubs 5 arranged along the lower string members 2 have almost the same configuration, but the hubs 5 It has a shape that matches the number or angle of members connected to it. For example, the hubs 5 on the side of the upper string member 1 have a height at which the lattice member 4, the frame member 3 and the balusters 13 and 14 can be press-fitted in sequence (connection groove 5a). Length) (see FIG. 8), the hubs 5 on the lower string member 2 side can be press-fitted together with the grid member 4, the frame member 3 and the balusters 13 and 14 in turn. Have a height (see FIG. 9).

In order to connect the frame member 3 with the hub 5, the connecting end 3a of the frame member 3 is pressed against the connecting groove 5a of the hub 5 from the upper or lower surface side of the hub 5. Fit At this time, as shown in Fig. 10, the concave and convex portions respectively formed in the connecting groove 5a and the connecting end 14a are engaged with each other, so that the frame member 3 never falls out in the axial direction thereof.

The connection between the grating members 4 and the hubs 5 is such that the connecting end 4a of the grating members 4 is inclined at the end of the coin angle α as shown in Fig. 6C. Since the grating members 4 are connected to the connecting grooves 5a with the inclination of the coin angle α, they are performed in the same manner as above.

Each connecting member 11, as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 7, the flat step connecting portion (11a) and the stepping board support portion (11b) on which the stepping boards 21 are fixed ) And lies horizontally between the upper string members 1, 1 on the left and right sides (see FIG. 4). The distance between the connecting members 11 arranged vertically adjacent, that is, the height difference between the two connecting members 11 and 11 adjacent in the height direction is equal to the height of the layer back plate. The connecting end portion 11a has the same shape as the connecting end portion 3a of the frame member 3, and can be press-fit to the connecting groove 5a of the hub 5. The connecting member 11 is an extruded article made of aluminum alloy, and the connecting end 11a is formed by press working or the like. The parts to be pressed are cut in advance so that the layer tread support 11b does not interfere with the press working. The upper surface of the floor tread support 11b is horizontally arranged, and the connecting groove 5a of the hub 5 (an axis of the hub 5) in which the connecting end 11a is press-fitted is perpendicular to the inclination direction of the stairs. Since it is formed in, the press working of the connecting end portion 5a is performed in a direction rotated by an angle θ from a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the layer tread support 11b (see FIG. 7B).

Although not shown, left and right lower string members 2 and 2 may be connected to each other. In this case, preferably, the connecting member has the same structure as the frame member 3, and when the lower string members 2, 2 are connected to each other by the connecting member, the connecting end thereof is the connecting groove of the hub 5 It can be press fit to 5a.

As shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 5, the floor tread plates 12 are plate members made of wood or metal, and are fixed to the floor tread support 11b by screws, nails, bolts, and the like.                 

Each baluster 13 is a tubular member having a connecting end portion 13a having a flat shape at both ends thereof, as shown in Fig. 12A, and the connecting end portion 13a has an uneven portion at its end. Has The baluster 13 is an extruded product of an aluminum alloy, and the connecting end 13a is formed by press working or the like. The end part of the connection end part 13a has the shape which forms the coin angle (alpha) with an axial direction (refer FIG. 11 (a)).

The balusters 14 are bent in the lower part so as to be bent in the direction orthogonal to the railing (right in FIG. 12B), that is, outwardly bent from the surface formed by the handrail 15 and the baluster 13. It is a tubular member processed. At both ends of each baluster 14 is formed a connecting end portion 14a having a flat shape having an uneven portion at the end thereof. The balusters 14 are extruded articles of aluminum alloy, and the connecting end 14a is formed by press working or the like. Since the axial direction of the baluster 14 is different from the direction of the connecting groove 15b of the handrail 15, the connecting end 14a of the upper end side of each baluster 14 is the axis of the baluster 14. The direction is bent to form an angle β (hereinafter referred to as "bent angle β"), whereby the direction of the connecting end 14a and the direction of the connecting groove 15b coincide.

As shown in FIG. 13A, each railing 15 includes a rail member 15a having a connection groove 15b on a lower surface thereof, and a railing cover 15c covering the rail member 15a. have. The connection grooves 15b have the same cross-sectional shape as the connection ends 13a and 14a on the upper ends of the balusters 13 and 14, and the inner walls of the connection grooves 15b are irregularities formed in the connection ends 13a and 13b. It has an uneven part to be engaged with the part. In Fig. 13A, reference numeral 15d denotes a joint member used to connect the plurality of rail members 15a to each other. In the case of the straight stairs shown in FIG. 1, one rail member may be used for each handrail. However, in the case of a curved staircase or when it is difficult to insert the connecting end portions 13a and 13b of the baluster 13 and 14 from the end of the connecting groove 15b, the plurality of short rail members 15a are jointed. It may be connected to each other by the member 15d (see FIG. 13B).

FIG. 13B is a view seen from the b direction in FIG. 13A, and shows a case where the stairs are bent as shown in FIGS. 20 and 22 (a) and (b) described later.

Hereinafter, the construction process of the stairs according to the first embodiment will be described. In the following description, each of the members is assembled in turn at the construction site, but, without doing so, it is also possible to assemble units of several members integrated in consideration of the efficiency of transportation or construction.

First, the truss structures 10, 10 are placed between the bottom plate 7 of the lower layer and the beam member 8a of the upper layer with a predetermined distance between the truss structures 10, 10. Support shoes 6a and 6b are installed between the bottom of the truss structure 10 and the bottom surface 7 of the lower layer, and the support shoes 6c between the upper member of the truss structure 10 and the beam member 8a of the upper layer. Is installed. Since the truss structures 10 and 10 are very light in weight compared with the conventional stringers made of grooved steel or I-shaped steel, the installation work is easy.

Next, the truss structures 10 and 10 are connected to each other by the connecting member 11, and the layer tread plates 12 are fixed to the layer tread support 11b of the connecting members 11. The truss structures 10 and 10 connect one end portion 11a of the connecting members 11 to the hubs 5 constituting the upper string member 1 of the truss structure 10 on the right side. The other connecting end 11a of the 11 is pressure-fitted to the hubs 5 constituting the upper string member 1 of the truss structure 10 on the left side, respectively, and only to combine the following preventive washer, It is connected to each other by the connecting members (11). The connecting members 11 of the left and right truss structures 10 are horizontally connected by being connected to the hubs 5 and 5 located at the same height. The layered treads 12 are placed on the upper surface of the layered tread support 11b of the connecting members 11, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, from the rear side of each layered tread support 11b. It is fixed to the connecting members 11 by bolts or wood screws to be inserted. If the floor tread plate 12 is fixed to each connection member 11 in advance, work on the construction site becomes easy.

The handrail parts are also preassembled. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13A, for connecting the handrails 15 and the balusters 13 and 14, the upper side of the balusters 13 and 14 are connected. The end parts 13a and 14a are press-fitted to the connecting groove 15b formed in the rail member 15a of the handrail 15. When the left and right rail members 15a each consist of one long member, the connecting end portions 13a and 14a on the upper side of the baluster 13 and 14 are inserted and assembled from the ends of the rail members 15a.

Thereafter, the connecting ends 13a and 14a of the lower side of the balusters 13 and 14 are pressed into the connecting grooves 5b of the hub 5 so that the balusters 13 and 14 and the hub 5 are connected. Is tailored. Since the connecting end 13a is cut | disconnected by the coin angle (alpha), the baluster 13 is connected inclined by α degree from the axis line of the hub 5.

As shown in FIG. 11B, the washer 5d is disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the hub 5 to prevent the frame member 3, the grid member 4, and the like from falling out in the direction of the connecting groove 5a. Is fixed by bolts and nuts, which are covered by the decorative cap 5c.

As described above, the steps of the present embodiment can be connected to each other simply by pressing each member together, whereby the assembly is easy and the number of connecting elements can be reduced, which is economical. Moreover, the truss structures 10 have a lighter weight and an open feeling than the heavy members such as grooved steel or I-shaped steel in the related art, and do not feel pressure even when a stair is built indoors. In addition, no welding or special tools are required for the connection of the members and the hubs 5, thereby improving workability.

Since the connecting members 11 are placed between the upper string members 1 and 1 of the truss structures 10 and 10 and the layer tread 12 is fixed to the upper surface of the connecting member 11, the truss structures 10 and 10 are supported. ) Does not protrude above the floor tread 12. Thus, for example, when the stairs according to the present embodiment are constructed along the wall, the wall surface and the truss structure 10 overlap with the floor tread 12 above. Therefore, the appearance of the stairs can be maintained.

In the left and right truss structures 10 and 10, the upper string members 1 and 1 are connected to each other by the connecting members 11, and as a result, the torsional rigidity of the entire staircase and the bending rigidity in the left and right directions This increases, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the stairs when a person moves up and down the stairs.

If each member is integrated into several units, the construction efficiency is further improved. For example, if all components (truss structures 10, 10, connecting members 11, floor treads 12, balusters 13, 14 and handrails 15) are unitized, this unit The construction of the stairs is completed only by installing the space between the bottom plate 7 of the lower floor and the beam member 8a of the upper floor, and therefore, the stairs can be built in a short time. Truss structures 10, handrails 15 and handrail members 13 and 14 may be assembled in advance.

Second Embodiment

As shown in FIGS. 14 to 17, the stairs according to the second embodiment of the present invention are fixed to and supported by the truss structures 20 and 20 as a pair of left and right stringers, and the truss structures 20. It consists of floor treads (22), handrails (15) located above the side ends of the floor treads (22), and balusters (13, 14) for supporting the handrails (15). In addition, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 16, between the lower surface of the truss structures 20 and the bottom surface of the lower layer, support shoes 23a are installed, the top of the truss structures 20 and the bottom of the upper layer. Support shoes 23b are provided between the plates 8.

Each truss structure 20, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, the upper string member 1 and the lower string member (2) inclined by the inclination of the stairs, and a plurality of connections for connecting the string members with each other The grid member 4 is comprised. In the present embodiment, the upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 are each composed of a plurality of frame members 3 connected by hubs 5, and the grid members 4 are frame members ( It consists of the same member as 3). In other words, each truss structure 20 consists of a plurality of frame members 3 and hubs 5 for connecting them to each other, the hubs 5 having end portions of the frame members 3 disposed at each node. Is connected to. Several grid members 4 lie horizontally at the height of the layered back plates (hereinafter, the grid members are referred to as horizontal grid members 21).

Each horizontal grid member 21, as shown in Figure 19, is composed of a connecting end portion 21a of a flat shape, and a layer stepping plate support portion 21b to which one of the layer stepping plates 22 is fixed, and a layer back plate It lies horizontally at the height of the field (see FIG. 15). The connecting end portions 21a have the same cross-sectional shape as the connecting end portions 3a of the frame member 3 described in the first embodiment, however, the axis of the horizontal grid member 21 is parallel to the axis of the hub 5. Since it is not orthogonal, the end portion of the connecting end portion 21a has a coin angle α. The horizontal grid member 21 is an extruded molded article made of aluminum alloy, and the connecting end portion 21a is formed by press working or the like. The parts to be pressed are cut in advance so that the layer tread support 21b does not interfere with the press working.

The layered treads 22 are plate members made of wood or metal, as shown in Figs. 18A and 18B. The U-shaped cut portion is formed so as not to contact the upper string members 1 and the grid members 4. The layer tread plates 22 are fixed to the horizontal grid members 21 constituting the truss structures 20 by screws, nails, bolts, etc., and thus the left and right truss structures 20 and 20 are layered tread plates. Connected to each other by (22).

The structure of the frame members 3, the grating members 4, the hubs 5, the balusters 13, 14 and the handrails 15 and the method for connecting them are those described in the first embodiment. Since it is the same as, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The step according to the second embodiment is also economical because the members can be connected to each other by pressure fitting, so that the assembly is easy and the number of connecting parts can be reduced. Furthermore, the truss structures 20 may be transported together in a stacked state before the layer tread plates 22 are attached, thereby improving transport efficiency.

Viewing the stairs from the side provides a simplified appearance since the floor steps are located between the upper and lower string members. Moreover, the truss structures 20 provide a light and open feeling compared to the heavy members such as the grooved steel or the I-shaped steel in the related art, and thus do not put pressure even when building stairs in the room.

Third Embodiment

The staircase according to the third embodiment of the present invention has curved truss structures 30 and 30, as shown in FIG. The other configuration is almost the same as that of the stairs according to the second embodiment.

Each truss structure 30 includes an upper string member 31 and a lower string member 32 inclined at an inclination of a staircase, and a plurality of grating members 34 for connecting the string members with each other. In the present embodiment, the upper string member 31 and the lower string member 32 are composed of a plurality of frame members 33 connected to each other by the hubs 5, and the grid members 34 are frame members 33. By the same members. In short, each truss structure 30 is composed of a plurality of frame members 33 and hubs 5 for connecting them to each other, and the ends of the frame members 33 are hubs 5 arranged at each node. Is connected to. Some grating members 34 lie horizontally at the height of the layer back plates (hereinafter referred to as horizontal grid members 35).                 

The frame members 33 have substantially the same configuration as the frame members 3 described in the first and second embodiments, but as shown in FIG. 21B, the frame members 33 The end portion of the connection end portion 33a of the field is bent at a required angle with respect to the axis of the frame member 33 (this angle is referred to as a bent angle β). The vent angle β is calculated as a function of the curve, the truss and the length of the frame member 33. Such a shape can be easily formed by press working or the like.

And, as shown in Figure 21 (a), such frame members 33 can be connected to each other by the hub (5), for the construction of the curved truss structure (30).

By forming the truss structure 30 with the plurality of frame members 33 and bending the connecting ends 33a of the frame members 33 at a predetermined angle, the curved stairs can be easily constructed. More specifically, in the conventional construction method of the spiral staircase or the curved staircase viewed from above, it is necessary to perform bending processing on the stringer made of I-beam or H-beam, which causes a lot of problems and requires a lot of cost. . On the other hand, in the staircase according to the present embodiment, the frame members 33 are formed simply by performing simple processing on the frame members 3 shown in FIG. 6A, and the hubs 5 are straight. It is very economical as the same ones used in the stairs of the can be used.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, as shown in the truss structures 40 and 50, a step or an S-shaped step in which the distance between the truss structures (the width of the layer tread plate 22) gradually changes ( The same configuration and process may be used in constructing the same. As shown in FIG. 13B, when each handrail 15 has a joint, a joint member 15d is inserted into the rail member 15a.

Fourth Embodiment

In each of the above embodiments, each of the upper string members 1 and the lower string members 2 is formed by the connection of the plurality of frame members 3, but besides, corresponding to the overall length of each truss structure Sufficiently long members may be used to form the upper and lower string members.

In the staircase according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 23, the upper string members 61 and the lower string members 62 constituting the truss structures 60 as stringers are the truss structure 60. It is formed long enough to correspond to the entire length of the back side. As in the above embodiments, the truss structures 60 are disposed at left and right sides thereof, and are formed by a plurality of connecting members 65 on which the upper string members 61 and 61 on the left and right sides are horizontally placed at the height of the layer back plates. Are connected to each other. In addition, the layer treads 66 are fixedly supported on the upper surfaces of the connection members 65. In addition, in the present embodiment, the support shoes 67a and 67b are installed between the lower end of the truss structures 60 and the bottom surface 7 of the lower layer, and the beam members 8a of the upper and upper layers of the truss structures 60 are provided. The support shoe 67c is provided in between.

Each truss structure 60 includes an upper string member 61, a lower string member 62, and hubs 64 (see FIG. 24) installed on each of the upper string member 61 and the lower string member 62. , A plurality of grid members 63 for connecting the upper string member 61 and the lower string member 62 with each other.

Each upper string member 61 is made of an aluminum alloy and extends in the inclined direction of the stairs as shown in FIGS. 25 (b) and 25 (c) and opens the groove portion 61f opened toward the grid member 63. It is formed to have. More specifically, each upper string member 61 is an extruded article (member having a groove portion 61f) having a groove-shaped cross section with an open lower surface thereof, and extending in the longitudinal direction on the inner upper surface of the groove portion 61f. Two projections 61a are formed, and a projection 61b extending in the longitudinal direction is formed at the bottom of the inner side surface of the groove portion 61f. On the lower surface of the upper string members 61, as shown in FIG. 24, a lid member 61c for closing the opening near the hub 64 and a lid member 61d for closing the opening at another position are provided. have.

The lid member 61c has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape, as shown in FIG. 25 (b), and is formed in the grooves formed by the inner side surface of the upper string member 61 and the protrusions 61b, and the side end thereof. It is fixed by embedding them. As shown in (c) of FIG. 25, the lid members 61d have substantially the same shape as the lid members 61c, and the locking pieces 61e formed on the upper surface thereof in a manner that protrudes into the upper string member 61. ) Is provided and fixed by locking the locking piece 61e and the projection 61b of the upper string member 61. Since the openings of the upper string members 61 are closed by the lid members 61c and 61d, the appearance is improved. The cover member 61c also serves to prevent the grating member 63 connected to the hub 64 from being pulled out.

Each lower string member 62 is made of an aluminum alloy and has groove portions 62f extending in the inclined direction of the stairs and opening toward the lattice member 63 as shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B. It is formed to have. More specifically, each lower string member 62 is an extruded article (member having a groove portion 62f) having a groove-shaped cross section with an upper surface open, and two protrusions 62a extending in the longitudinal direction on the inner bottom surface. ) Is formed, and a protruding portion 62b extending in the longitudinal direction is formed at the upper side of the inner side. On the upper surface of the lower string member 62, as shown in Fig. 24, a lid member 62c for closing the opening near the hub 64 and a lid member 62d for closing the opening at another position are provided. have.

Cover members 62c and 61d are cover members provided in the upper string member 61 shown in FIGS. 25B and 25C as shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B. 61c and 61d). The lower string member 62 has an open upper surface, which can be closed by the lid members 62c and 61d to prevent dust from accumulating therein.

The grating member 63 is a tubular member having a connecting end portion 63a having a flat shape at both ends (similar to the grating member 4 shown in Fig. 6B) (see Fig. 24), and the connecting end portion 63a. ) Has an uneven portion at the end thereof (see FIG. 25A). In the grating member 63, similarly to the grating member 4 shown in Fig. 6C, the end of the connecting end portion 61a is cut at an angle α (hereinafter referred to as coin angle α). . Each lattice member 63 is an extruded article made of an aluminum alloy, and the connecting end 63a is formed by press working or the like. Since the connection end part 63a has a long and flat shape in the axial direction of the hub 64, it has a strong connection structure with respect to the external force of the hub 64 in the axial direction.

Each hub 64 has a columnar shape as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B and has a bolt insertion hole 64c in the center. On the outer surface of the hub 64, the connecting grooves 64a are carved along the axial direction of the hub 64. Each connecting groove 64a has the same cross-sectional shape as the end of the connecting end 63a of the grating member 63, and the inner wall is provided with the uneven parts to be engaged with the uneven parts of the connecting end 63a. The hub 64 is formed to have an elliptical cross section and is inserted between the protrusions 61a and 61a of the upper surface of the upper string member 61 and between the protrusions 61b and 61b of the side surface. The hubs 64 are installed in the lower string members 62 in the same manner. When the head and the nuts N of the bolts B passing through the hub 64 are covered with the hemispherical cap 64b, the appearance is improved.

Hubs 64 are installed in the upper string members 61 and the lower string members 62 at the height of the layer back plate, and the grid members 63 are connected to the grid members 63 and the hubs 64. The end portion 63a is press-fitted into the connecting groove 64a of the hubs 64, whereby the truss structures 60 are constructed. At this time, as shown in (a) of FIG. 25, the concave-convex portions formed in the connecting groove 64a and the connecting end portion 63a are engaged with each other, whereby the grating member 63 falls out in the axial direction. Is prevented. In addition, since the end portion of the connecting end 63a of the grating member 63 is inclined at the coin angle α, the grating member 63 is connected to the connecting groove 64a with the inclination of the coin angle α. .

Each connecting member 65 is a hollow member having a polygonal cross section, as shown in FIG. 24, and is inclined at an inclination of the stairs to abut the upper surface of the upper string member 61 (hereinafter, the attachment surface 65b). ) And a horizontal surface on which one of the floor treads 66 is placed (hereinafter referred to as a floor tread mounting surface 65a). The connecting member 65 is connected to the upper string member 61 together with the hub 64 by a bolt B inserted into the bolt insertion hole 64c of the hub 64 from the inside of the connecting member 65. It is fixed. The connecting members 65 (layer tread plate mounting surfaces 65a) adjacent in the vertical direction are disposed at the layer back plate height intervals.

Each floor tread 65 is a plate member made of wood or metal, and is fixed to the floor tread mounting surface 65a of the connecting member 65 by screws, nails, bolts, or the like, as shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, a construction process of the stairs according to the fourth embodiment will be described. In the following description, each of the members is assembled in turn at the construction site, but without doing so, it is also possible to assemble units of several members integrated in consideration of the efficiency of transportation or construction.

First, the truss structures 60 are placed at a predetermined interval between the bottom plate 7 of the lower layer and the beam member 8a of the upper layer. As shown in FIG. 23, support shoes 67a and 67b are installed between the bottom of the truss structures 60 and the bottom surface 7 of the lower layer, and the beam members 8a of the upper and upper layers of the truss structures 60 are provided. The support shoe 67c is installed between the two ends. Since the truss structures 60 and 60 are much lighter than stringers made of conventional grooved steel or I-shaped steel, the installation work is easy.

Next, the truss structures 60 and 60 are connected to each other by fixing the connecting members 65 on the upper surfaces of the upper string members 61. Each connecting member 65 is installed in the hub 64 as shown in FIG. 24, and the bolt B inserted into the bolt insertion hole 64c of the hub 64 from the inside of the connecting member 65. It is fixed to the upper surface of the upper string member 61 by.

The floor treads 66 are fixed to the floor tread mounting surfaces 65a of the connection members 65. If the floor treads 66 are fixed to the connecting members 65 in advance, work on the construction site becomes easy.

The balusters 13 and 14 are installed on the upper string members 61 and the floor tread 66, and the balusters 15 are attached to the upper ends of the balusters 13 and 14 to complete the construction of the stairs. do. If the balusters 13 and 14 are fixed to the railing 15 in advance, the construction time at the construction site is shortened.

Similar to the above-described embodiments, the stairs according to the fourth embodiment are easy to integrate each member into a unit. In addition, the truss structures 60 provide a lighter and more open feeling than heavy members such as conventional grooved steel or I-shaped steel, and thus do not give a feeling of pressure even when a staircase is constructed indoors. Moreover, since the hubs 64 are installed inside the upper string members 61 and the lower string members 62, a simplified appearance is provided.

In addition, in the fourth embodiment, the floor treads 66 are fixedly supported on the upper surfaces of the connecting members 65. However, as shown in FIG. 28, the connecting members are disposed on the upper surfaces of the upper and lower upper members 61 and 61, respectively. Block-shaped support members 68 and 68 having the same cross-sectional shape as 65 may be provided, and the layer stepping plates 66 may be provided on the upper surfaces of the support members 68 and 68. In this case, the pair of left and right truss structures 60 and 60 are connected by the layer treads 66. In this way, since the truss structures 20 can be transported in a stacked state, the transport efficiency is improved.

Each upper string member 61 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 25B, and has an open lower surface, for example, like the upper string member 61 ′ shown in FIG. 29A. It may consist of the groove part 61f and the hollow part 61g. Providing the hollow portion 61g on the side surface of the groove portion 61f increases the rigidity of the upper string member 61 ', and thus a strong cross section against the vertical load and the axial compressive force acting on the upper string member 61. The structure is formed. In this case, the hubs 64 are provided inside the groove portions 61f.

Similarly, each lower string member 62 is not limited to that shown in Fig. 26A, but, for example, the lower top member 62 'shown in Fig. 29B has an upper surface opened. The branch may be made up of the groove portion 62f and the hollow portion 62g. Providing the hollow portion 62g on the side surface of the groove portion 62f increases the rigidity of the lower string member 62 '. In this case, the hubs 64 are installed inside the grooves 62f.

When the truss structures 60 are formed by the upper string members 61 'and the lower string members 62', when the person moves up and down the stairs, the occurrence of shaking, twisting, and shaking in the up and down direction of the stairs is greatly increased. Can be reduced.

In this embodiment, both the upper and lower string members 61 and 62 are made sufficiently long to correspond to the entire length of the truss structure 60, but only one of them corresponds to the entire length of the truss structure 60. Is made sufficiently long, and the other may be constituted by short length frame members connected by the node members (hubs) as shown in the second embodiment.

Fifth Embodiment

In the fourth embodiment, the upper string members 61 and the lower string members 62 each consist of a member having a groove portion and the hub 64 is installed inside the groove portion, but is shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. As in the staircase according to the fifth embodiment, the upper and lower string members 71 and the lower string members 72 are formed of hollow members, respectively, and the hubs 73 are the lower and lower string members of the upper string members 71. It may be provided on the upper surface of the 72. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y4-Y4 of FIG. 31.

The stair according to the fifth embodiment is one of the upper string members 71 and the lower string members 72 constituting the truss structures 70 each having a length corresponding to the entire length of the truss structure 70. Consists of a long length member, the hubs 73 are provided on the lower surface of the upper string members 71 and the upper surface of the lower string members 72. In addition, connecting members 65 are provided on the upper surfaces of the upper string members 71, and in this embodiment, the hubs 73, the upper string members 71, and the connecting members 65 are integrally fixed. .

The upper string members 71 are hollow extrusion molded articles of the aluminum alloy in this embodiment, and have a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. Dividing plates 71a and 71a are formed in the vertical direction of the upper string members 71. Since the upper string member 71 has a hollow interior, it is very light, and since there are diaphragms 71a and 71a therein, it has a strong cross-sectional structure against the vertical load acting on the upper string member 71 and the compressive force in the axial direction. Is provided.

The lower string member 72 is a hollow extruded article of an aluminum alloy in this embodiment, and although not shown, has a cross-sectional shape that is the same as the upper string member 71. Other configurations are the same as those in the stairs according to the fourth embodiment, so detailed description thereof will be omitted.                 

When the hub 73 is installed on the lower surface of the upper string member 71, as shown in FIG. 30, the bolt B penetrates the upper string member 71 from the lower surface of the hub 73 to connect the connecting member ( It is inserted to the inside of the screw 65 and is fastened to the nut N. Although not shown, when the hub 73 is installed on the upper surface of the lower string member 72, the bolt may be inserted into the lower surface of the lower string member 72 from the upper surface of the hub 73 to be fastened with the nut.

In other words, when the hubs 73 are installed on the lower surface of the upper string members 71 and the upper surface of the lower string members 72, the inner shapes of the upper string members 71 and the lower string members 72 may be subjected to loads or other conditions. Can be decided accordingly.

In addition, in this embodiment, both the upper string member 71 and the lower string member 72 are made long enough to correspond to the entire length of the truss structure 70, but only one of them is the truss structure 70. It may be made long enough to correspond to the whole of, and the other may be made of short length frame members connected by the node members (hubs) as shown in the second embodiment.

Sixth Embodiment

32 to 36, the stair according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the truss structure (80, 80) as a pair of left and right stringers, and a plurality of connections for connecting the stringers with each other Supports the member 83, the floor treads 66 fixed to the connecting members 83, the handrails 15 positioned above the side ends of the floor treads 66, and the handrails 15. It is made of balusters (13). In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 32, support shoes 85a and 85b are installed between the bottom of the truss structures 80 and the bottom surface 7 of the lower layer, and the top of the truss structures 80. The support shoe 85c is provided between the upper member 8a.

32 and 33, each of the truss structure 80, the upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 inclined by the inclination of the stairs, and a plurality of grating members for connecting them ( 4) The upper string member 1 and the lower string member 2 each consist of a plurality of frame members 3 connected to each other by a hub 5. Upper reinforcement members 81 are provided along the upper string members 1, and lower reinforcement members 82 are provided along the lower string members 2.

The construction of the frame members 3, the grating members 4, the hubs 5, the balusters 13 and the handrails 15 and the method for connecting them are the same as those described in the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description will be omitted.

The upper reinforcing member 81 is an extruded product of an aluminum alloy, and has a length equal to the entire length of the upper string member 1, as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in Fig. 34A, the cross-sectional shape of the upper reinforcing member 81 is a groove shape having a lower surface opened to include the upper string member 1 (see Fig. 33). More specifically, each upper reinforcing member 81, the upper plate 81a located on the upper surface side of the upper string member 1 and the upper plate (1) to cover the upper string member 1 (frame member 3) It consists of side plates 81b and 81b which extend downward from the side end part of 81a, and the upper board 81a is in contact with the upper surface of the hub 5.

Each lower reinforcing member 82 is a flat fan member made of an aluminum alloy, and in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 32, a portion parallel to the upper string member 1 in the lower string member 2 and Have the same length.

Each connecting member 83 is a hollow extruded molded article of an aluminum alloy having a polygonal cross section, and is inclined at an inclination of the stairs to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper reinforcing member 81 (hereinafter referred to as attachment surface 83b). And a horizontal surface (hereinafter, referred to as a floor tread plate mounting surface 83a) on which one of the floor treads 66 is installed, and is fixed to an upper surface of the upper reinforcing member 81 in the region of the hub 5. . That is, the connecting members 83 are placed between the upper and lower string members 1 and 1 of the left and right, and the upper and lower string members 1 and 1 of the left and right are connected to each other by the connecting members 83. As shown in FIG. 34B, nut pockets 83c are formed on the inner upper surface of the connecting member 83 to accommodate nuts for fixing the layer treads 66. The screw pocket 83d is formed in the inner upper surface and the inner side surface. The screw pocket 83d is fastened with a screw for installing a cap plate 84 (see FIG. 33) for covering the opening of the end face of the connecting member 83. Nut pockets 83c and screw pockets 84c are formed when the connecting members are extruded.

The upper reinforcing member 81 covers the upper reinforcing member 81 from the upper side of the upper string member 1 (see FIGS. 35A and 35B) and connects the connecting members 83 to the upper reinforcing member (see FIG. 35). After installation on the upper surface of the 81 (see FIG. 36), the hub 5 is inserted into the inner wall of the connecting member 83 through the upper reinforcing member 81 from the lower surface of the hub 5 and fastened with a nut. Can be fixed). At this time, the connecting members 83 are fixedly supported on the upper surfaces of the upper reinforcing members 81. The lower reinforcement member 82 is fixed by fastening the bolt inserted from the lower side to the upper surface of the hub 5 with a nut. In addition, the lower reinforcing member 82 is brought into contact with the lower surface of the hub 5 constituting the lower string member 2 in order to prevent falling out of the frame member 3 and the grid member 4.

Accordingly, when the plurality of hubs 5 constituting the upper string members 1 are integrated with the upper reinforcement member 81, the bending stiffness of the truss structure 80 in the outward direction of the truss structure 80 is increased, so that a person steps up. The occurrence of shaking is greatly reduced when moving up and down. In addition, when the stairs are viewed from the side, the upper string member 1 is covered by the side plate 81b of the upper reinforcing member 81, thereby providing a simplified appearance.

The truss structures of the above embodiments have high rigidity with respect to the load in the surface inward direction (vertical direction) but relatively low rigidity with respect to the load in the surface outward direction (left and right directions). For this reason, in a staircase with auxiliary means such as stringers, the left and right truss structures constituting the stringers are connected to each other by connecting members or floor treads in order to improve rigidity with respect to the outward plane. However, the truss structure 80 according to the present embodiment has improved outward stiffness, whereby the connecting members 83 may be made of light members.

On the other hand, the cross-sectional shape of the upper reinforcing member 81 and the lower reinforcing member 82 is not limited to that shown in Figure 34 (a), for example, L-shaped as shown in Figure 37 (a) It may be. When the cross-sectional shape of the upper reinforcing member 81 and the lower reinforcing member 82 is L-shaped or groove-shaped, the frame member 3 constituting the upper string member 1 or the lower string member 2 is covered and thereby In addition, the design is simplified and the vertical rigidity is improved. If the upper reinforcing member 81 or the lower reinforcing member 82 is in a flat shape, a gap is formed between the reinforcing member and the frame member 3, but in the case of an L-shaped or groove type, the gap is masked to improve appearance. .

As shown in FIG. 37B, the lower reinforcement members 82 may be disposed without using the upper reinforcement members 81. In this case, the lower string members 2 and 2 on the left and right sides may be connected to each other by the connecting frame members 9. In addition, although not shown, the upper reinforcing members 81 may be disposed without using the lower reinforcing members 82.

Although not shown, the truss structure having the same configuration as the truss structure 80 may be used as various structures such as an architectural structure, in addition to the stringers of the stairs. More specifically, in a truss structure consisting of a plurality of frame members, in which upper and lower string members are connected by hubs, when the reinforcing members are disposed along the string members and each of the reinforcing members is fixed to at least three hubs, A plurality of hubs constituting the member can be integrated by the reinforcing members, whereby at least intermediate hubs are reinforced with respect to the direction in which the hub is rotated. By doing so, the bending stiffness in the outward direction of the truss structure is increased and the deformation in the outward direction of the truss structure is reduced. In addition, when using the reinforcing members extending over the entire length of the string member as in the present embodiment, the reinforcement can be performed over the entire length.

Thus, for example, when a plurality of truss structures are used together, the members for connecting adjacent truss structures to each other may be omitted or made lighter, thereby providing a simplified appearance. This, in addition to the truss structure using the hub as in the present embodiment, can also be applied to the truss structure having so-called ball joint type nodes.

Seventh Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 38, a staircase according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention is provided on a lower surface of a plurality of connecting members 83 for connecting truss structures 90 and 90 as a pair of left and right stringers. Has an intermediate reinforcing member 91 is fixedly installed. More specifically, the plurality of connecting members 83 adjacent in the height direction are integrated by being connected to each other by the intermediate reinforcing member 91.

The intermediate reinforcing member 91 is a flat plate member made of an aluminum alloy, and preferably has a length sufficient to integrate the uppermost connecting member 83 from the lowermost connecting member 83. The intermediate reinforcing member 91 is fixed by bringing its upper surface into contact with the attaching surface 83b of the connecting member 83 (see FIG. 34 (b)) and fastening drill screws from the lower surface side thereof. The intermediate reinforcing member 91 may be a synthetic resin plate such as a polycarbonate plate, an acrylic resin plate, or the like instead of the flat aluminum alloy plate.

Therefore, when the plurality of connecting members 83 are integrated by the intermediate reinforcing members 91 which are flat and have strong strength in the horizontal direction, the load in the horizontal direction is applied to one of the connecting members 83 (step tread 66). When this action is applied, the load is not transmitted to the truss structure 90 as a stringer, but is received by the intermediate reinforcing member 91, and the load is distributed to the other connecting members 83. Therefore, when a person climbs up and down the stairs, the occurrence of twisting or shaking can be greatly reduced and the connecting members 83 can be lightened.

Eighth Embodiment                 

The staircase according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 39, has a plate member 96 between a pair of left and right truss structures (95, 95).

In the present embodiment, the plate member 96 is a plate member having a plurality of small holes, and is fixed to the upper surfaces of the plurality of hubs 5 constituting the upper string member 1. The plate member 96 may be a polycarbonate plate, an acrylic resin plate, an aluminum alloy plate, or the like.

Therefore, when the plate member 96 is provided between the upper and lower string members 1 and 1 of the left and right, the truss structures 95 and 95 of the left and right can be integrated, and the upper string members 1 and 1 The planar shear deformations that are formed can be reduced, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the truss structures 95 and 95 when a person moves up and down the stairs.

The plate member 96 may be applied over the entire length of the upper string member 1 or applied to a part thereof. For example, as shown in FIG. 40, when the plate member 96 'is fixed to two left and right hubs (four in total) adjacent to each other, a planar shear deformation formed by the four hubs 5 is provided. This is suppressed, whereby the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the truss structures 95 and 95 is greatly reduced when a person moves up and down the stairs.

In the staircase shown in FIG. 39, the plate member 96 is arranged between the upper and lower string members 1 and 1 on the left and right sides, but without doing so, between the lower string members 2 and 2 on the left and right sides. It may be arranged in, or between the upper and lower string members (1, 1) of the left and right, and between the lower and lower string members (2, 2) of the left and right.

The truss structures shown in the first to seventh embodiments may be a single Warren truss, a Pratt truss or a Howe truss.                 

The node members are cylindrical hubs 5 in the present embodiment, but may have a columnar shape or another shape, or may have a ball joint node structure. In addition, the grid members and the frame members may be connected by bolts or welding.

<Ninth Embodiment>

The stairs according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 57 to 68.

First, the overall configuration of the stairs according to the ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 57 to 60.

57 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the stairs according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 58 is a front view of the same site, FIG. 59 is a side view of the same site, and FIG. 60 is an enlarged view of FIG.

57 to 60, the staircase according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention has a space truss structure 210 as an intermediate stringer, mainly, the space truss structure 210 inclined by the slope of the step, It consists of a plurality of brackets 206 arranged at the height of each layer back plate, and the floor treads 207 supported by the space truss structure 210 by the brackets 206. 59 and 60, the space truss structure 210 is fixed to the bottom surface (F1) of the lower layer through the support shoes (S1, S2) attached to the bottom, the support attached to the top It is fixed to the beam member F21 which supports the bottom surface F2 of the upper layer via shoe S3. In this embodiment, the side ends of the stepping plates 207 are fixed to the wall surface W, and the handrail 209 is provided at the other side end.

Next, the spatial truss structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 61 to 65.

FIG. 61 is an exploded perspective view of a staircase according to a ninth embodiment, FIG. 62 (a) is viewed from the line X1-X1 in FIG. 59, and FIG. 62 (b) is X2-X2 in FIG. 62 (a). 63 is a view of the frame member, FIG. 63 is a view showing a frame member, a connecting frame member and a grating member, FIG. 64 is an exploded perspective view showing an assembly state of a hub as a member and a frame member and a connecting frame member connected thereto, FIG. 65 Is a plan view of the same site.

As shown in FIGS. 61 and 62, the space truss structure 210 is a frame-shaped connection for connecting the two upper string members 210A and 210A parallel to each other and the upper string members 210A and 210A. The frame members 203, one lower string member 210B positioned below the middle point of the upper string members 210A and 210A, and the upper string members 210A and 210A and the lower string member 210B. The grid member 204 is connected to each other.

The upper string members 210A and 210A are each composed of a plurality of frame members 201 connected to each other by hubs 202A as nodes, and the lower string members 210B are connected to each other by hubs 202B. It consists of a plurality of frame members 201 connected. Accordingly, when the plurality of frame members 201 are connected in the longitudinal direction, the upper string members 201A are configured.

Since the hub 202A constituting the upper string member 210A and the hub 202B constituting the lower string member 210B have the same configuration, all of them are given the reference numeral 202 in the common description.

Each frame member 201 is made by processing an extruded molded product of a hollow aluminum alloy having a circular cross section, and as shown in FIGS. 63 (a) and 63 (b), connecting ends having a flat shape at both ends thereof. 201a is provided.

The connecting end portion 201a of the frame member 201 is formed by press working both ends of the hollow extruded article, and may be fitted into the connecting groove 202a (see FIG. 64) of the hub 202 to be described later. Each connecting end portion 201a has concave-convex portions at its ends in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the frame member 201, as shown in FIG. 63 (b). Since the connection end portions 201a are formed in a flat shape that is long in the axial direction of the hub 202 (see FIG. 64), the connection ends 201a have a strong connection structure against the external force in the axial direction of the hub 202.

The hub 202, as shown in FIG. 64, has a cylindrical shape and has a plurality of connecting grooves 202a engraved along the axial direction of the hub 202 on its outer surface, and having a bolt formed at the center of its end face. The insertion hole 202b is provided. The hub 202 is an extruded product of an aluminum alloy, and the connecting grooves 202a and the bolt insertion holes 202b are formed when the aluminum alloy is extruded. On the other hand, the hub 202 may be formed by casting.

The connecting grooves 202a of the hub 202 may be engaged with the connecting end portions 201a of the frame member 201, as shown in FIG. 65, and end portions of the connecting end portions 201a of the frame member 201 are shown in FIG. 65. It has the same cross-sectional shape as these. The inner wall of each connection groove 202a is provided with the uneven parts to be engaged with the uneven parts of the connection end portion 201a. In this embodiment, eight connection grooves 202a are formed radially and adjacent connection grooves 202a form a center angle of 45 degrees, but the shape of the hub 202, the number of connection grooves 202a, etc. May vary depending on the number or angle of members to be connected to the hub 202.                 

As shown in Fig. 64, among the connecting grooves 202a, the frame member 201, the connecting frame member 203 or the lattice member 204 are not connected to each other, and have the same dimensions as the connecting groove 202a. The groove filling member 202e having a shape is filled. In the present embodiment, since the length of the connecting groove 202a of the hub 202 is matched with the length (width) of the connecting end 204a of the grating member 204, for example, the frame member 201 is a hub ( When inserted to the lower end of the 202, a gap is formed in the upper portion of the connecting groove 202a. In this case, in order to prevent the position of the connected frame member 201 from shifting, the groove filling member 202f is inserted above the connecting end portion 201a of the frame member 201.

When the frame member 201 is connected to the hub 202, the uneven parts formed at the connecting end portion 201a of the frame member 201 are inserted into the connecting groove 202a from the upper surface side (or the lower surface side) of the hub 202. Can be customized. At this time, no welding or special tools are required, and thus workability is improved. In order to fill the minute gap generated between the connecting groove 202a and the connecting end 201a, an adhesive or the like may be poured into the connecting groove 202a.

When the connecting end portions 201a of the frame members 201 are fitted into the connecting grooves 202a of the hubs 202, as shown in FIG. 65, unevenness is formed in the connecting grooves 202a and the connecting end portions 201a, respectively. The parts engage with each other, thereby preventing the frame members 201 from falling out in the axial direction.

In addition, on the upper and lower surfaces of the hub 202B constituting the lower string member 210B, as shown in FIG. 64, the washer 202d is disposed to prevent the frame members 201 and the grid members 204 from falling out. It is fixed. The washers 202d are fixed by the through bolts B17 and the nuts N17 inserted into the bolt insertion holes 202b of the hub 202B. On the upper and lower surfaces of the hub 202B, caps 202c for attaching the bolts B17 and the nuts N17 are attached.

On the other hand, the hubs 202A constituting the upper string member 210A have brackets 206 on the upper surface thereof (see FIG. 60), and the washer 202d is attached only to the lower surface thereof.

The connection frame member 203 is made by processing a hollow extruded article made of aluminum alloy similarly to the frame member 201 shown in FIGS. 63A and 63B, and has a flat end portion at both ends thereof. Has (203a). The connecting end 203a has an uneven portion having the same cross-sectional shape as the connecting end 201a of the frame member 201 so that the connecting end 203a can be fitted into the connecting groove 202a of the hub 202. .

Like the frame member 201, the grating member 204 is made by processing a hollow extruded article made of aluminum alloy, and as shown in FIGS. 63 (c) and 63 (d), a flat connection is formed at both ends thereof. It has an end 204a. The connecting end 204a has an uneven portion at the end thereof in a direction forming an angle α (hereinafter referred to as coin angle α) with respect to the axis of the grating member 204. The connecting end 204a has the same cross-sectional shape as the connecting end 201a of the frame member 201 so that the connecting end 204a can be press-fitted to the connecting groove 202a of the hub 202. The grating member 204 is connected to the hub 202 in such a manner that its axial direction is inclined by the coin angle α with respect to the axial direction of the hub 202.

FIG. 66 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X3-X3 of FIG. 59, and FIG. 66 (b) is a view seen from the line X4-X4 in FIG. 59 (the space truss structure is viewed from the step slope direction, the bracket and the stepping board) (A) is a perspective view which shows a bracket, and FIG. 67 (b) is a side view of the same site | part.

The bracket 206 installed on the upper string members 210A and 210A is a hollow extruded product of an aluminum alloy having a polygonal cross section, and as shown in FIGS. 67 (a) and 67 (b), a stepping plate on the upper surface thereof. It has a layered stepboard surface 206a that supports 207, has an attachment surface 206b on its bottom surface, and is placed on the top surface of the hubs 202A of the upper string members 210A.

The attachment surface 206b is inclined with the inclination of the stairs with respect to the layered stepboard surface 206a. That is, when the attachment surface 206b is placed on the top surface of the hub 202A, the layer stepboard surface 206a is horizontal (see Fig. 60).

The opening of the bracket 206 is closed by the cover member 206c (see FIG. 60).

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 66 (b), adjacent upper string members 210A and 210A are connected to each other by brackets 206.

The stepping board 207 is a plate member made of wood or metal, and is fixedly supported on the stepping board surface 206a of the bracket 206 as shown in FIGS. 66A and 66B. In the present embodiment, there is a plate 207a embedded inside the floor tread 207 for fastening the bolt B16.

(A), (b), (c) is a side view of a support shoe.

Each support shoe S1 has a bottom contact surface S11 in contact with the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer and a hub contact surface S12 in contact with the bottom surface of the hub 202A, as shown in FIG. 68 (a). ) And a locking piece S13 for positioning and fixing of the hub 202A. As shown in FIG. 60, each support shoe S1 is disposed between the lower surface of the bottom hub 202A of the upper string member 210A and the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer. The hub contact surface S12 is inclined with the inclination of the step with respect to the floor contact surface S11.

Each support shoe S2 has a bottom contact surface S21 in contact with the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer and a hub contact surface S22 in contact with the bottom surface of the hub 202B, as shown in FIG. 68 (b). ) And a locking piece S23 for positioning and fixing of the hub 202B. As shown in FIG. 60, each support shoe S2 is disposed between the lower surface of the lowermost hub 202B of the lower string member 210B and the lower surface F1 of the lower layer. The hub contact surface S22 is inclined with the inclination of the step with respect to the floor contact surface S21.

As shown in FIG. 68 (c), each of the support shoes S3 includes the beam member contact surface S31 in contact with the side surface of the beam member F2 supporting the bottom surface of the upper layer, and the hub 202A. A hub contact surface S32 in contact with the lower surface and a locking piece S33 for positioning and fixing the hub 202A. As shown in FIG. 60, each support shoe S3 is disposed between the bottom surface of the hub 202A at the top of the upper string member 210A and the side surface of the beam member F21. The hub contact surface S32 is inclined with the inclination of the step with respect to the beam member contact surface S31.

The support shoes S1, S2, and S3 are extruded articles of aluminum alloy. The shape of each support shoe is not limited to the illustrated shape, and may be changed according to the situation of the installation site of the stairs.

Hereinafter, the construction of the stairs according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 59 to 62, 64, and 66.

First, the construction process of the spatial truss structure 210 will be described. As shown in FIG. 61, the space truss structure 210 connects the frame members 210, the connecting frame members 203, and the lattice members 204 to the hubs 202A, and also the frame members 201. ) And the grating members 204 can be constructed by connecting the hubs 202B.

Referring to (a) and (b) of FIG. 62, the construction process of the spatial truss structure 210 will be described in more detail. First, four grid members 204 are connected at intervals of 90 degrees to one of the hubs 202B constituting the lower string member 210B. At this time, since each grating member 204a forms a coin angle α (see (d) in FIG. 63), the grating member 204 is inclined by the coin angle α with respect to the axis of the hub 202B. Connected in a way. After assembling a plurality of such units and aligning them, the frame members 201 are in turn connected to the hubs 202B and 202B adjacent to each other to form the lower string member 210B. In addition, the upper ends of adjacent grating members 204 and 204 are connected to each other by hubs 202A. Then, in order to configure the upper string members 210A, the frame members 201 are connected to the hubs 202A and 202A adjacent in the axial direction, and the frame members 203 are adjacent to the axis perpendicular to the axis 202A. , 202A, whereby the two upper string members 210A, 210A are connected to each other.

As a result of the assembly, the lower string member 210B is positioned below the middle of the upper string members 210A and 210A. Accordingly, when viewed in the axial direction, the space truss structure 210 appears to be an inverted triangle (FIG. 66). See (b) of). In addition, the space truss structure 210 looks like a warren truss when viewed from the side (see FIG. 59).                 

As a result of the assembly as described above, the axis of the hub 202A and the axis of the hub 202B are orthogonal to the axis of the frame 1. In other words, the hub 202A has its axis perpendicular to the upper string member 210A, and the hub 202B has its axis perpendicular to the lower string member 210B. Therefore, the hub 202A and the hub 202B are arranged in such a manner that the connecting groove 202a and the bolt insertion hole 202b (see Fig. 64) are orthogonal to the inclination direction of the stairs. In addition, the end surfaces of the hubs 202A and 202B are inclined by the inclination of the steps.

The assembling process of the space truss structure 210 is not limited to the above-described process, and can be appropriately changed.

After the space truss structure 210 is constructed, as shown in FIG. 60, the brackets 206 are secured to the top surfaces of the hubs 202A, such that the brackets 206 are formed of the hubs 202A of the upper string members 210A. The through bolts B15 are placed on the upper surface and inserted into the bolt insertion holes 202 from the lower surface side of the hub 202A. On the other hand, the fall prevention washer 202d (refer FIG. 64) is attached to the lower surface side of the hub 202A.

As shown in FIG. 64, a washer 202d for preventing the frame member 201 and the grating member 204 from being pulled out is disposed on the upper surface of the hub 202B of the lower string member 210B, thereby providing a through bolt B17. ) And nuts N17. In addition, the through bolt B17 and the nut N17 are covered by the cap 202c.

Next, a space truss structure 210 is placed between the bottom plate F1 of the lower layer and the beam member F21 of the upper layer (see FIG. 59). In this case, the support shoe S1 is disposed between the lower surface of the hub 202A positioned at the lower end of the upper string member 210A and the lower surface F1 of the lower layer, and the lowermost hub of the lower string member 210B. A support shoe S2 is disposed between the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer and the lower layer of 202B, and the support shoe between the hub 202A of the uppermost part of the upper string member 210A and the beam member F12 of the upper layer. S3 is disposed.

When the space truss structure 210 is installed at an inclination of a predetermined step, the floor stepboard surface 206a of the brackets 206 is horizontal.

Then, the stepping board 207 is placed on the stepping board surface 206a, and the bolt B16 is fastened to the plate 207a embedded in the stepping board 207 from the inside of the bracket 206, whereby The bracket 206 and the floor tread 207 are fixed. If necessary, as shown in Figs. 66A and 66B, the side ends of the stepping plates 207 are fixed to the supporting member 208 mounted on the wall surface W. As shown in Figs.

Finally, the handrail 209 is provided at the side end of the floor step 207 so that construction of the stairs is completed.

The construction process of the stairs described above is an example and may be changed. The space truss structure 210 may be assembled at the factory or may be assembled at the installation site of the stairs. In any case, the space truss structure can be easily and accurately constructed just by assembling the members formed to a predetermined shape and dimension in advance.

Thus, a step can be constructed by simply fitting or bolting the members formed to a predetermined shape and dimension. This is because it does not require complicated machining in the construction site, and also does not require any special tools or welding, thereby making it possible to build a staircase even without skilled workers. In addition, the number of connecting parts can be reduced, which is economical.

In addition, when the space truss structure 210 is used as an intermediate stringer, the space truss structure 210 becomes lighter than conventional stairs using heavy members such as grooved steel or I-shaped steel, thereby facilitating handling during construction. Particularly, when the space truss structure 210 or the bracket 206 is made of aluminum alloy, a lighter step may be constructed due to the advantage of the aluminum alloy that is light compared to strength and does not corrode well. Therefore, it can be used with the floor structure of the conventional wooden house.

In addition, by increasing or decreasing the number of the frame member 201 to be connected in the upper string member 210A and the lower string member 210B, the length of the entire stairs (the number of floor steps) can be easily adjusted. If the stairs have different slopes, the brackets 206 need only be replaced with ones that match the stairs' slope. Therefore, even if the shape and dimensions of the frame member 201, the hub 202, the connecting frame member 203, and the grating member 204 are not changed, stairs having different number of floor steps or slopes can be constructed. That is, members constituting the space truss structure 210 may be mass-produced to improve production efficiency.

Since the stepping boards 207 are supported at their central portions, the amount of warpage generated in the stepping boards 207 is small. When the side ends of the stepping boards 207 are fixed to the wall surface W as in the present embodiment, the stability of the stepping board 207 is further improved, and the stepping boards 207 are further stabilized, and the stepping board 207 The wall (W) is located on the sides of the) to give a safe feeling to the pedestrians on the stairs.

The space truss structure 210 is composed of two upper string members 210A and one lower string member 210B, thereby making an inverted triangle when viewed in the inclined direction of the stairs (see FIG. 66 (b)). Simplified appearance is provided. In addition, the truss structure gives a light, open feeling and does not obstruct the view more than necessary, thereby creating a bright and clean interior space without pressure. In addition, since the brackets 206 are fixed to the upper surfaces of the upper string members 210A and 210A of the space truss structure 210 and the layer tread plates 207 are fixed to the upper surfaces of the brackets 206, the space truss structure 210 is supported. ) Is not located above the floor treads 207, thereby providing a simplified appearance. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 57, when the stairs according to the present embodiment are built along the wall surface W, the wall surface W and the space truss structure 210 are mutually above the floor treads 207. There is no overlap, which maintains the appearance of the stairs.

Since the upper string members 210A and 210A of the space truss structure 210 are prevented from being displaced and deformed in the left and right directions by the connecting frame members 203, the torsional rigidity of the entire stairs and the bending rigidity in the left and right directions are increased. This greatly reduces the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the stairs when a person moves up and down the stairs.

Tenth Embodiment

Hereinafter, a step according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 69 to 72. In the meantime, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same elements as the stairs according to the ninth embodiment, and overlapping descriptions thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 69 is an exploded perspective view of a staircase according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 70 (a) shows an arrangement of an upper string member and a connecting frame member of a space truss structure forming a staircase according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. 70 (b) is a plan view showing the arrangement of the lower string member and the lattice member, FIG. 70 (c) is a side view of the space truss structure, and FIG. 71 is a view of the stairs according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. 72 is an enlarged side view of the stairs shown in FIG. 71. FIG. 70A is a view seen from the X5-X5 line direction in FIG. 71, and FIG. 70B is a view seen from the X6-X6 line direction in FIG.

69 to 72, the staircase according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention has a space truss structure 220 as an intermediate stringer, a space truss structure 220 inclined by the slope of the stairs, and each layer back plate. It consists of a plurality of brackets 206 disposed at a height, and the stepping boards 207 supported by the space truss structure 220 through the brackets 206. As shown in FIGS. 71 and 72, the space truss structure 220 is fixed to the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer through the support shoes S1 and S2 attached to the bottom thereof, and the support attached to the top thereof. It is fixed to the beam member F21 which supports the bottom surface F2 of the upper layer via shoe S3. In this embodiment, the handrails 209 are located at both ends of the left and right sides. Since the brackets 206, the stepping boards 207, and the railings 209 have the same configuration as those described in the ninth embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 69 and 70, the space truss structure 220 includes two parallel upper string members 220A and 220A and a connecting frame member for connecting the upper string members 220A and 220A to each other. 203 and the connecting inclined members 205, one lower string member 220B located below the midpoint of the upper string members 220A, 220A, upper string members 220A, 220A, and the lower portion. Grid members 204 for connecting the string members (220B, 220B) to each other.

Each upper string member 220A is composed of a plurality of frame members 201 connected by hubs 222A as nodes, and the lower string member 220B is a plurality of frame members connected by hubs 202B. It consists of (201). Since the frame members 201, the connection frame members 203, and the grid members 204 have the same configuration as those described in the ninth embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The connecting inclined member 205 is made by processing a hollow extruded article made of aluminum alloy, similar to the frame member 201 shown in FIGS. 63A and 63B, and has a flat end portion at both ends thereof. Have Each connecting end has an uneven portion having the same cross-sectional shape as that of the connecting end 201a of the frame member 201 so as to fit into the connecting groove of the hub 222A. While the connecting frame member 203 is orthogonal to the upper string members 220A and 220A, the connecting inclined member 205 is inclined with respect to the upper string members 220A and 220A. More specifically, as shown in (a) of FIG. 70, on the upper surface of the space truss structure 220, the frame member 201 constituting the upper string member 220A and the left and right upper string members 220A A quadrangular frame body is formed by the connecting frame member 203 for connecting the same. In addition, the connecting inclined member 205 is alternately disposed on the diagonal of the frame, and together with the upper string members 220A and 220A and the connecting frame member 203, a truss is formed on the upper surface of the space truss structure 220. do.

The hubs 222A and 222A may have connecting grooves only in a direction in which the frame member 201, the connecting frame member 203, the grid member 204, or the connecting inclined member 204 are connected to the outer surface thereof. It has the same configuration as the hub 202 shown in FIG. 64, except that the connection grooves 202a described in the embodiment have the same structure). This configuration prevents the unused connecting grooves from being exposed, thus eliminating the need for the groove filling member 202e (see FIG. 64), thereby providing a simplified appearance.

As shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 70, the grating members 204 and the connecting inclined members 205 are arranged in the same direction when viewed from above. In this case, the upper string member 220A is disposed. The constituting hubs 222A are made of a long length (see (c) of FIG. 70), and the grid member 204 and the connecting inclined member 205 are sequentially connected to the same connecting groove.

Therefore, when the connecting inclination member 205 is disposed on the diagonal of the frame formed by the frame member 201 and the connecting frame member 203 on the upper surface of the space truss structure 220, the space truss structure 220 Torsional stiffness or bending stiffness (especially in the lateral direction) is greatly increased, thereby reducing the shear deformation of these frame bodies. Therefore, the occurrence of torsion or shaking of the space truss structure 220 when the non-uniform load is applied while the person is climbing up and down the stairs is greatly reduced.

As shown in FIG. 72, the space truss structure 220 is fixed to the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer through the support shoes S1 and S2 attached to the lower end thereof, and the support shoe attached to the upper end thereof. It is fixed to the beam member F21 which supports the bottom surface F2 of the upper layer through S3). The support shoes S1, S2, S3 shown in FIG. 72 are different from the overall shape of the support shoes shown in FIG. 68, but the main parts have the same configuration.

More specifically, each support shoe S1 includes a hub contact surface in contact with the bottom surface of the hub 222A, and a bottom contact surface in contact with the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer, and each support shoe S2 is a hub. The hub contact surface S22 is in contact with the bottom surface of 222B, and the bottom contact surface is in contact with the bottom surface F1 of the lower layer. Each support shoe S3 includes a hub contact surface contacting the bottom surface of the hub 222A and a beam member contact surface contacting the side surface of the beam member F21 supporting the bottom surface of the upper layer. Hub contact surfaces are inclined by the inclination of the stairs.

The staircase according to the tenth embodiment, like the staircase according to the ninth embodiment, has a simplified appearance, thereby giving a light and open feeling without disturbing the vision more than necessary, thereby bright and clean without feeling of pressure. Space in the living room can be created. Moreover, the torsional rigidity and the bending rigidity of the left and right directions of the space truss structure 220 are high, and thus, no torsion or shaking occurs when a person moves up and down the stairs. In other words, the stability of the floor tread plates 207 can be ensured only by the space truss structure 220 without fixing the floor tread plates 207 to the wall surface, whereby the stairs can be installed at a desired position.

On the other hand, if the brackets 206 are regarded as structures, the upper string members 220A and 220A may be connected to each other only by the connecting inclined members 205 without the connecting frame members 203.

In the above embodiments, the space truss structure consists of two upper and one lower string members connected to each other by the grid members. However, the number of upper string members and the number of lower string members is not limited thereto, and the space truss structure may be made up of a larger number of upper string members and lower string members.

According to the staircase of the present invention, the floor treads are supported by a light truss structure or a space truss structure that gives an open feeling and a light feeling without applying pressure even when constructed indoors. In addition, the weight is lighter than that of a conventional staircase constituted by a heavy member such as a grooved steel or an I-shaped steel, so that handling during construction is easy, thereby improving construction efficiency.

 In addition, since no special tools or welding are required, the construction of the stairs becomes easy. Moreover, the members constituting the truss structure or the space truss structure can be commonly used even when the number thereof is small and the installation conditions of the stairs are different. This technical feature is suitable for mass production and provides high production efficiency.

Claims (14)

It consists of a pair of left and right stringers of truss structures and floor treads, Each of the truss structures includes an upper string member and a lower string member inclined at an inclination of a staircase, and a plurality of grid members for connecting the upper string member and the lower string member, And the layered treads are supported by the upper string members forming the truss structures. The method of claim 1, The truss structures are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting members spaced at the height of each layer back plate, And the floor treads are fixedly supported on the connecting members. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Each of the upper string member and the lower string member is provided with a node member, The lattice members are connected to the node members. The method of claim 3, Each node member has a columnar shape and has a connection groove formed on an outer surface thereof. Each grid member has a connecting end formed at both ends, The connecting grooves and the connecting ends have uneven parts engaged with each other, And the grating member is connected to the node member by pressure-fitting the connection ends with the connection groove. The method of claim 3, At least one of the upper string member and the lower string member is formed by a structural angle having a groove portion extending in the inclined direction of the stairs and opening toward the lattice member, The node members are installed in the grooves. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Each truss structure, the stair member provided in the upper string member and the lower string member, and a staircase consisting of a frame member for connecting adjacent node members to each other. The method of claim 6, Each node member has a columnar shape and has a connection groove on an outer side thereof. Each frame member has a connecting end at both ends, The connecting grooves and the connecting ends have uneven parts engaged with each other, And the frame member is connected to the node member by pressure-fitting the connection ends with the connection groove. The method of claim 6, And a reinforcing member disposed along at least one of the upper and lower string members, wherein the reinforcing member is fixed to at least three node members. A staircase in which floor treads are supported by a space truss structure inclined at an inclination of the stairs, The space truss structure is formed by connecting a plurality of upper string members connected to each other and a lower string member positioned below a middle point of the adjacent upper string members by lattice members. And said floor truss structure is an intermediate stringer, and said floor treads are supported by said upper string members forming said spatial truss structure. The method of claim 9, And the upper string member and the lower string member are each formed by connecting a plurality of frame members by the node members. The method of claim 10, Each of the grating members and the frame members has connecting ends at both ends, Connection grooves to which the connection ends are fitted are formed on the outer surfaces of the node members, A step in which the connecting ends are fitted in the connecting grooves. The method of claim 11, Adjacent upper string members are connected to each other by connecting frame members, Each of the connecting frame members has connecting ends at both ends, and the connecting ends are fitted into the connecting grooves of the node members. The method of claim 12, And the connecting frame members include connecting inclined members that are inclined with respect to each of the upper string members. The method of claim 9, Adjacent upper members are connected to each other by brackets for supporting the floor steps.

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