KR100628351B1 - Apparatus for measuring shape of wheel using multiline laser - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a wheel shape measuring apparatus configured to more accurately measure a profile and a diameter of a wheel by irradiating two or more laser lines to the wheel.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wheel shape measuring apparatus comprising: a profile measuring unit configured to output at least two image signal signals of a wheel by radiating two or more first laser lines onto a bottom surface of the profile part of the wheel; A diameter measuring unit for outputting two or more diameter line image signals of the wheels by photographing two or more second laser lines by irradiating the bottom surface of the tread of the wheel; And a data processor for correcting the profile line image signal and the diameter line image signal to extract wheel shape data.

The wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention can accurately measure the shape of each part even if the wheel is distorted in the horizontal or vertical direction or the position is changed, and can measure the diameter from the exact diameter measuring point, It is possible to designate an accurate photographing time point of the photographing means, and there is an advantage in that the shape of the wheel can be precisely measured regardless of the size, speed, and acceleration of the diameter of the wheel.

Wheel, profile, flange, diameter, measurement, laserline, shooting, image, triggering

Description

Apparatus for measuring shape of wheel using multiline laser}

1 is a perspective view showing an operation configuration of a conventional wheel measuring apparatus.

Figure 2 shows a process of combining the shape of the wheel using a conventional wheel measuring device.

3 is a side view illustrating a shape of measuring profiles of wheels having different diameters using a conventional wheel measuring apparatus.

4 is a plan view of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

5 is a front view of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

6 is a side view of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

7 is a front view showing a coupling position of the inner side distance measuring unit applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

8 is a plan view showing the positions of the profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

9 and 10 show profile line images taken by using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

11 and 12 illustrate a diameter line image photographed using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

It is a side view which shows the mounting position of the triggering apparatus part applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus by this invention.

14 is data obtained by measuring the position of the wheel using a triggering device applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: wheel 100: profile measuring unit

110: photographing means for the profile 120: light emitting means for the profile

130: adjustment means for the profile 200: diameter measuring unit

210: photographing means for diameter 220: light emitting means for diameter

230: diameter adjusting means 300: inner distance measuring unit

310: reflected light sensor 400: triggering device

500: base frame 510: protective cover

520: air cylinder 530: rail

540: guide rail 550: level block

600: data processing unit

The present invention relates to a wheel shape measuring apparatus for measuring a profile and a diameter of a wheel, and more particularly, wheel shape measurement configured to more accurately measure a profile and a diameter of a wheel by irradiating a multi-line laser to the wheel. Relates to a device.

The wheels of the train have a special shape called a profile so that they do not derail while driving. Since the wheels are made of metal and constantly rub against the rails, the profile will wear out. If the wear exceeds a certain level, the wheels should be cut back to the original profile to prevent derailment of the wheels and to stabilize the ride comfort. For the management of such wheels, various shape data of the wheels is important and always measured, monitored and managed.

Conventionally, a manual inspection method using a gauge has been used as a wheel inspection method for wheel management. However, there are problems such as the constant inspection is impossible, measurement deviation occurs depending on the operator, and data is difficult to computerize.

Recently, various methods for automating such a wheel inspection apparatus have been devised. For example, as a method of inspecting a wheel of a running train, a 'wheel measurement apparatus' using a camera and a laser (Korea Patent No. 10-0382577) Has been used. Hereinafter, a conventional wheel measuring apparatus will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view showing an operation configuration of a conventional wheel measuring apparatus, Figure 2 shows a process of combining the shape of the wheel using a conventional wheel measuring device, Figure 3 is a diameter using a conventional wheel measuring device The shape for measuring the profile of another wheel is shown.

As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional wheel measuring apparatus is installed in a lower portion of a train being driven, and has a profile laser 22 and a profile laser having an irradiation surface forming one line in the width direction of the wheel 10. A profile camera 20 for photographing the profile line 12 (refer to FIG. 2) indicated by 22, a diameter laser 32 for irradiating the inner surface of the wheel 10, and a diameter laser 32. The diameter part line 14 (refer FIG. 2) shown by this is comprised including the diameter camera 30 which image | photographs. When the image of the profile line 12 and the diameter line 14 of the wheel 10 is obtained as described above, the overall shape of the wheel is measured by combining and analyzing them, and flanges based on the inside of the wheel identified by the diameter image. Measure the thickness and the like. This inspection method is also called photocleavage. The measurement targets measured in this way include wheel diameter, flange height, flange thickness, QR, flange tip dimension, flange angle, step slope, and inner distance. All measurement data is computerized and used to determine and manage wheels. The measuring method is largely divided into a diameter part and a profile part, and it is common to extract the wheel diameter from the diameter part and to extract the remaining data such as the flange height from the profile part.

However, when using the conventional wheel measuring apparatus, it was not possible to check that the wheels were inclined in the vertical and horizontal directions or biased to one side in the horizontal direction. As a result, the error generated exceeds the range of the total measurement error. Particularly, the repetition error is satisfied, but the error is large in the measurement error. In the case of repetitive error, the same wheel is continuously inspected by the same method, so the error is not revealed, but in actual measurement, each wheel is inclined in the vertical and horizontal directions as well as the deviation is generated in the horizontal direction. The system was forced to reflect this error. The cause of the problem is that the conventional method for measuring the tilt and deviation is not included in the equipment and the measurement method by a single-wire laser. Various efforts have been made to reflect this inclination by interpreting the image, but it is impossible to interpret the image by the single line laser photographed by reflecting such an error due to lack of data.

In addition, if the image is not taken at the correct position, an error occurs in the analysis of the laser forming the image, and thus an error is increased, and thus, a person may have a level of precision that is manually inspected. The root of this problem is that all the shape data of the wheel 10 should be measured from the center of the wheel 10 as a reference point because there is only one point from which the image can be extracted in the state toward the center of the wheel 10. .

For example, when measuring the wheel 10 of the standard standard as shown in Figure 3, the profile camera 20 passes through the center of rotation of the wheel 10 as in the case of (a), but the standard standard In the case of measuring the wheel 10a that is made larger than the wheel 10, the profile camera 20 passes below the center of rotation of the wheel 10 as in the case of (b), In the case of measuring the worn wheel 10b smaller than the wheel 10 of the standard, as in the case of (c), the profile camera 20 passes over the center of rotation of the wheel 10 so that the profile can be accurately measured. There is no problem.

In other words, when the image is not acquired at the correct point, the measurement data becomes the reference point instead of the center point, resulting in inaccurate measurement. Moreover, the driving wheels do not always enter at the same position but enter with a different position and angle of distortion, so that the reference point extraction becomes more difficult.

In the conventional profile measurement, since the reference plane does not appear in the profile image, the measurement itself is impossible unless combined with the diameter portion image. However, as described above, since the error of the reference itself is large, the measurement error of all other data is inevitably increased. In addition, in case of diameter measurement, only one line is interpreted, so it is not possible to accurately reflect the phenomenon that the inner surface of the wheel, which is a reference point, is distorted, and the exact diameter measurement point cannot be defined. There was no.

In addition, the conventional wheel measuring apparatus measures the size and inclination of each part using the reference groove 16 formed on the inner surface of the wheel as a reference point as shown in FIG. 2, and the reference groove itself has a large processing error. Most of the wheels used in Korea have a problem in that the reference grooves 16 are not available because they are not inside the wheels. In addition, in the case of the relative comparison method on the reference coordinates, if the diameter is more than 10%, the error is too large and cannot be used. In addition, even if the diameter is extracted by geometric analysis, the difference between the measured value and the actual value was large because the profile wear state of the actual diameter measuring point cannot be reflected. In addition, since the measurement depends on a single laser line, the break of the laser image due to scratches on the inner surface of the wheel and the inner part of the wheel, roughness and foreign matters is often a cause of error or unmeasurement. There was a problem with reliability.

There are two factors that have the greatest influence on reliability and measurement accuracy, one for the laser device and the other for the camera triggering device.

The fundamental problems of the laser device are that it is difficult to check whether the image is taken at a designated position, cannot reflect the distortion when entering the wheel, and that an error in data occurs when a line break occurs due to an image being damaged in some sections. Until now, the laser device has been improved in arrangement and power based on the use of a single-wire laser. However, these improvements do not fundamentally solve the problem of the laser device and do not have a great effect. In some cases, two lasers are used to measure the diameter, but in this case, the images of the two lasers are calculated and the average value is used. Therefore, there is a limit in actual use because it is not correlated and it is very difficult to position the two lasers in parallel. .

In the internal distance measurement, a method of indirectly calculating the position difference between the standard image and the measured image without using a separate sensor has been mainly used. However, the measurement error was large because only one point of data was used without any consideration of distorting when entering the wheel. In addition, even when using a displacement sensor, only the inner distance data was measured, but the inclination of the wheel could not be measured. It was not used to calibrate the profile and diameter measurement data.

The fundamental problem with the triggering device is that each wheel diameter is different each time it enters the wheel and does not have different speed conditions, i.e. the same passage speed and acceleration. Most of the triggering device uses a flange sensing type, but in the case of a flange sensing type, since the diameter of the wheel may be different by a maximum of 10% (80 mm or more) of the diameter value, as shown in FIG. It causes the error.

Therefore, in order to increase the reliability and measurement accuracy of the conventional wheel measuring device, improvements to the two devices are inevitable. In addition, there must be correction for the angle misalignment and the horizontal coordinate displacement amount when the wheel is driven while the existing method can confirm the horizontal displacement amount, but there is also a problem that the angle misalignment in the horizontal and vertical directions cannot be confirmed.

In addition, the data processing unit Extracted There was a history management function and limit tracking function for the data, but in this case, only the extrapolation function according to the condition that has been inspected up to now can be used for various wear conditions such as season, weather, type of ship, and material of wheels. Influencing factors were not reflected, which prevented the reliability of expected data from tracking wear limits. In the rainy season, for example, the wheel wear increases several times, resulting in much higher wear rates than previous estimates of wear limits. The history management method that is different from the actual operating environment has a problem that an error occurs in the repair and replacement cycle of the wheel.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, by forming a plurality of laser lines in the axle direction of the wheel surface and the flange surface of the wheel to analyze each line and calculate the correlation to calculate the profile shape such as flange height Accurate measurement can be performed regardless of wheel distortion, and a plurality of laser lines are formed on the surface of the wheel surface in the radial direction to analyze each line and calculate the correlation so that the diameter shape data is not related to the wheel distortion. At the exact diameter measuring point to reflect the wear of the wheel profile It is an object of the present invention to provide a wheel shape measuring device that can accurately measure and calculates horizontal and vertical angular shifts and horizontal coordinate movements when entering a wheel using an inner distance sensor.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a wheel shape measuring apparatus configured to measure speed and acceleration and calculate camera triggering points using the same, and to enable camera triggering at the exact same point, and to allow limit tracking of a weighting method. There is this.

Wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

Profile light emitting means for irradiating at least two first laser lines having a length in the axial direction of the wheel to the bottom surface of the profile portion of the wheel, and profile photographing means for photographing the first laser line in an oblique direction in the traveling direction of the wheel; A profile measuring unit configured to output two or more profile line image signals of the wheel;

Diameter light emitting means for irradiating at least two second laser lines having a length in the radial direction of the wheel to the bottom surface of the wheel, and diameter photographing means for photographing the second laser line at an angle to the traveling perpendicular direction of the wheel. A diameter measuring unit configured to output two or more diameter line image signals of the wheel; And

A data processor for correcting the at least two profile line image signals and correcting the at least two diameter line image signals to extract wheel shape data;

It is configured to include.

The profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit are configured to output a profile line image signal and a diameter line image signal about a point perpendicular to the center of the wheel in the bottom surface of the wheel.

The photographing means for the profile is configured to provide a plurality of first laser lines with a single light source with multi-line generating optics.

The diameter photographing means is configured to provide a plurality of second laser lines with one light source having multi-line generating optics.

The apparatus further includes an inner distance measuring unit configured to measure an inner distance of the upper and lower parts positioned on the same vertical line among the inner surfaces of the paired two wheels, and measure the axle direction tilt and horizontal distortion of the wheel.

The inner distance measuring unit may include one or more optical sensors configured to sense light reflected after irradiating light to the inner surfaces of each wheel to detect distances from the respective wheels.

And a triggering device unit configured to detect an entry speed and an acceleration of the wheel to designate a photographing time point of the profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit.

The triggering device unit includes three or more wheel position detecting means arranged to be spaced apart along the path of the wheel to detect a time point at which the wheel passes, and configured to measure the speed and acceleration of the wheel. In this case, the profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit are configured to operate at the time when the wheel passes the measurement point by calculating the speed and acceleration of the wheel.

The wheel position detecting means includes a light emitting sensor and a light receiving sensor which are disposed on left and right sides of a path of the wheel and configured to block and resume signal transmission as the wheel passes.

The triggering device unit may determine that the center of the wheel passes between the light sensor and the light receiving sensor at a midpoint between the signal transmission blocking time and the signal transmission resumption time between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor, and the center of the wheel. It is configured to measure the speed and acceleration of the wheel by measuring the time passing between each light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor.

The profile measuring unit further includes profile adjusting means for precisely adjusting the position of the profile photographing means.

The diameter measuring unit further includes diameter adjusting means for precisely adjusting the position of the diameter photographing means.

The data processor may measure the amount of wear by comparing the image signals obtained by the profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit with the image signal of a normal profile line, calculates the amount of wear according to the use time, and deforms as the subsequent use time elapses. Configured to predict profile data and images.

The data processing unit is configured to predict the profile line by weighting it according to external conditions affecting the wear of the wheel.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4 is a plan view of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a front view of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is a side view of a wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. Fig. 8 is a front view showing the engagement position of the inner side distance measuring unit applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the position of the profile measuring unit and the diameter measuring unit applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

The wheel shape measuring device according to the present invention is a device for measuring the shape of a wheel in operation as well as a stationary wheel, as shown in Figs. 4 to 6, it is disposed below the running direction of the train.

The wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is a pair of the profile measuring unit 100 for measuring the profile shape of the wheel 10, the diameter measuring unit 200 for measuring the diameter shape of the wheel 10, and a pair The inner distance measuring unit 300 for measuring the inner distance of the two wheels 10 to be formed, the triggering device unit 400 for high precision triggering reflecting the speed and acceleration of the wheel 10, and the profile measuring unit ( 100 and the base frame 500 to which the diameter measuring unit 200 and the triggering device unit 400 are coupled, and the data processing unit 600 for processing the wheel 10 image and various data.

The profile measuring unit 100 is installed on the base frame 500 under the rail 530 and is individually configured on the left and right sides so as to inspect the left and right wheels 10, respectively. Each of the profile measuring units 100 has a length in the axial direction of the wheel 10, and the light emitting means 120 for profiling the bottom surface of the profile part of the wheel 10 with two or more first laser lines parallel to each other. And a profile photographing means 110 for photographing the first laser line in an oblique direction in the traveling direction of the wheel 10 to output two or more profile line image 122 signals of the wheel 10. It is composed.

The profile photographing means 110 is configured to include a camera for taking an image and a camera housing for protecting the camera. In this case, the profile photographing means 110 is not limited to the structure shown in the present embodiment, and the profile light emitting means 120 may measure the first laser line appearing on the bottom surface of the wheel 10 by the profile light emitting means 120. It can be changed to any structure.

The light source means for the profile may be configured to irradiate one first laser line from one light source using two or more light sources, and to generate a plurality of first laser lines with one light source. Optics may be mounted. By using the multi-line generating optics, the setting of each laser line is completed through one light source setting, and thus the maintenance is very easy, and the distance between each laser line is adjusted by adjusting the distance to the object irradiating the laser line. There is an advantage that can be narrowed down to the size of the light source. As described above, since the multi-line generating optics, which converts light from one light source into a plurality of laser lines, are commercially available in various optical fields, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, the profile photographing means 110 may be attached to the filter to reduce the noise by minimizing the disturbance light, when using the filter there is a fear that the shooting shape is dark, so that the profile light source means It is preferable that a bright high power light source is applied. The profile light source means irradiates three first laser lines in this embodiment, but the number of the first laser lines is changed to two or four or more depending on the characteristics of the wheel 10 or other various measurement conditions. Can be.

In addition, the profile light source means is located vertically upwardly below the wheel 10 so that the first laser line can always be irradiated in the direction passing through the rotation axis of the wheel 10 even if the diameter of the wheel 10 is changed. And to irradiate the first laser line. As such, when the first laser line is irradiated, the profile shape may be accurately measured regardless of the difference in diameter of the wheel 10.

In addition, if the manual operation of the profile photographing means 110 is difficult to precisely adjust and the exact information about the adjusted position is not known, the profile measuring unit 100 accurately measures the position of the profile photographing means 110. It further comprises a profile adjusting means 130 for adjusting to. The profile adjusting means 130 is provided with an automatic position recognition function, a storage function for the position coordinate information, and an automatic restoration function, so that the profile photographing means 110 can be set and adjusted more conveniently and accurately.

The diameter measuring unit 200 is installed on the base frame 500 under the rail 530, and the left and right measuring units are individually configured to inspect the left and right wheels 10, respectively. Each of the diameter measuring parts 200 may include at least two second laser lines having a length in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the wheel 10, that is, a traveling direction of the wheel 10, and parallel to each other. A diameter light emitting means 220 for irradiating the bottom surface of the tread face and a diameter photographing means 210 for photographing the second laser line in an oblique direction in the traveling perpendicular direction of the wheel 10, and the wheel 10. And outputs two or more diameter line image 222 signals.

The diameter light emitting means 220 may be equipped with a multi-line generating optics similar to the profile light emitting means 120, and the diameter photographing means 210 may be disturbed like the profile photography means 110. Filters may be attached to minimize the light to reduce noise.

In addition, the diameter light source means, as with the profile light source means, so that even if the diameter of the wheel 10 is changed so that the second laser line can always be irradiated in the direction passing through the axis of rotation of the wheel 10, And located directly underneath and configured to irradiate the second laser line vertically upward.

In addition, the diameter measuring part 200 further includes diameter adjusting means 230 for precisely adjusting the position of the diameter photographing means 210.

The multi-line generating optics and the filter applied to the diameter measuring unit 200 are the same as the generating optics and the filter applied to the profile measuring unit 100, and the diameter adjusting means 230 adjusts the profile. Since the same configuration as the means 130, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention further includes an inner distance measuring part 300 for measuring an inner distance between two wheels 10 which are paired, and the inner distance measuring part 300 has a lower rail 530. It is installed on the base frame 500.

The inner distance measuring part 300 measures upper and lower inner distances between two paired wheels 10 to determine horizontal and vertical inclinations of the wheels 10, as shown in FIG. 7. As described above, two or more pairs of reflective light sensors 310 for detecting a distance from each of the wheels 10 by detecting the reflected light after irradiating light to the inner surface of each wheel 10.

Two reflected light sensors 310 irradiating light to the inner surface of the same wheel 10 are located on the same vertical line, and the distance between each reflected light sensor 310 and the wheel 10 and between the two reflected light sensors 310. The inner distance between the wheels 10 is calculated by summing the distances. In this case, when the reflection light sensor 310 is installed higher than the axis of the wheel 10, the reflection light sensor 310 may interfere with the axis when the wheel 10 passes, and thus, the reflection light sensor 310 may be installed at a position lower than the axis of the wheel 10.

In the conventional case, there is no separate sensor for measuring the inner distance of the two wheels 10 and an indirect inspection method by comparing with a reference profile was used, but the wheel shape measuring device according to the present invention is arranged in a row and the wheels 10 Since the reflection light sensor 310 for measuring the inner distance of the liver is provided, it is possible to more accurately measure the inner distance between the wheels 10.

If only one point of the inner surface of the wheel 10 is measured, if there is foreign matter on the measuring point or there is a flaw, the measuring point is recognized as the entire inner surface of the wheel 10, so there is a problem that the measurement error becomes too large. Therefore, the inner distance measuring unit 300 applied to the present invention measures the entire inner surface of the wheel 10 passing through the measurement path of the reflected light sensor 310, and then measures the average value of the measured data as the inner distance of the wheel 10. It is configured to judge. At this time, since both ends of the data, that is, the flange portion, cannot be used to measure the inner distance due to the characteristics of the wheel 10 image, filtering by tilt detection should be performed.

In addition, using the inner distance measuring unit 300 applied to the present invention, the wheel 10 by comparing the distance between the respective reflection light sensor 310 corresponding to the same wheel 10 and the inner surface of the wheel 10 It is possible to determine which side of the axle direction of the wheel 10, the wheel 10 is inclined, and detects the distance change between the reflected light sensor 310 and the inner surface of the wheel 10, the horizontal of the wheel 10 In other words, it is possible to determine whether the wheel 10 is turned to the left or the right based on the traveling direction. That is, when the horizontal distances from the two reflected light sensors 310 that irradiate light to the inner surface of the same wheel 10 to the inner surface of the wheel 10 are the same, the wheels are determined to stand vertically, and the two reflected light sensors When the horizontal distance from 310 to the inner surface of the wheel 10 is different, it is determined that the wheel is inclined to one side. In addition, if the distance between the reflective light sensor 310 and the inner surface of the wheel 10 is kept constant while the wheel 10 is passing through the reflected light sensor 310, the wheel 10 is positioned parallel to the traveling direction When the distance between the reflected light sensor 310 and the inner surface of the wheel 10 is gradually narrowed or widened, it is determined that the wheel 10 is turned to the left or the right based on the traveling direction.

The triggering device 400 is installed at the front end of the base frame 500 under the rail 530, and the left and right device parts are individually configured to inspect the left and right wheels 10, respectively. The triggering device unit 400 is arranged to be spaced apart along the path of the wheel 10 and has three or more wheel position detecting means for detecting a time point at which the wheel 10 passes, respectively, the wheel 10. It is composed of a structure that can measure the speed and acceleration of In this case, the profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200 are configured to operate at the time when the wheel 10 passes the measurement point by calculating the speed and acceleration of the wheel 10.

The wheel position detecting means includes a light emitting sensor and a light receiving sensor which are disposed on left and right sides of a path of the wheel 10 and are configured to block and resume signal transmission as the wheel 10 passes. The configuration and operation of the wheel position detecting means will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.

The base frame 500 includes a protective cover 510 for protecting the profile measuring part 100 and the diameter measuring part 200 mounted therein from the outside, and the profile measuring part 100 and the diameter only when an image is acquired. An air cylinder 520 for opening and closing the protective cover 510 to open the measurement unit 200, a rail 530 and a guide rail 540 for guiding a movement path of the wheel 10, and a vertical height of each part It is configured to include a level block 550 for adjusting. In the present embodiment, although the air cylinder 520 is used as an opening and closing means for opening and closing the protective cover 510, the opening and closing means is not limited thereto, and the protective cover 510 according to the user's selection such as a structure using an electric motor. ) Can be changed to any structure as long as the structure can be opened and closed.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, some sections are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction such that the bottom surface of the wheel 10 measured by the profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200 is exposed downward. In addition, the guide rail 540 is coupled to one side surface of the rail 530 to support the wheel 10 passing through the spaced intervals. Therefore, the profile light emitting means 120 and the diameter light emitting means 220 may irradiate the direct surface of the wheel 10 in the vertical direction, and the profile photographing means 110 and the diameter photographing means 210 are wheels. It is possible to photograph the lower surface of (10).

The data processor 600 includes an image board for acquiring an image, a computer for screen acquisition, a computer for data processing for interpreting the acquired image, and the like. Although the computer for acquiring the screen and the computer for data processing are separated, if the wheel 10 to be measured is small, it can be configured as a single computer.

In addition, the data processing unit 600 is provided with a history management program for measurement inspection items such as the wheel 10 diameter, flange height and thickness. That is, the amount of wear is measured by comparing the image signals obtained by the profile measuring part 100 and the diameter measuring part 200 with the image signals of the normal profile line, and the amount of wear is calculated according to the use time, and the subsequent use time is further elapsed. When constructed, the profile line is designed to predict how much wear will occur. Through this predicted profile line, it is possible to track the limit of the wheel 10. In this case, the predicted profile line may be output as a data value or may be output as an image.

In addition, the data processing unit 600 is configured to predict the profile line data and the image by weighting according to external conditions affecting the wear of the wheel 10 together with the limit value tracking function by extrapolation on the conventional data. do. That is, the data processing unit 600 includes a limit tracking function for predicting how long the wheel 10 can be used for each specific situation that increases the wear of the wheel 10. The weighted items include weather items such as seasons and rainy weather conditions, and factors that can affect the dimensional displacements such as the line, distance traveled, and material of the wheel, and assign different weights to each weighted item. It is configured to allow limit tracking closest to the actual operating environment.

The configuration and analysis method of the data processing unit 600 for acquiring an image and analyzing the same is the same as the configuration and analysis method of the image signal processing device in the conventional wheel 10 measuring device, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted, and each photographing means is omitted. The method of processing the image photographed by the following will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12.

9 and 10 show profile images 122 taken using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and FIGS. 11 and 12 show diameters taken using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention. Line image 222 is shown.

Conventional wheel 10 measuring apparatus used a single-wire laser. That is, since only one laser line is used, foreign matters are stuck on the wheel 10 at the point where the laser line is irradiated, or a large error occurs in the positional relationship of the wheel 10, the difference in diameter, the scratches on the face and the triggering position. Although inevitably inherent, using a plurality of laser lines, such as the present invention can solve this problem.

Projecting a plurality of first laser lines in the axle direction and capturing them with the profile photographing means 110 generates a plurality of profile line images 122 as shown in FIG. 9. By processing the profile line image 122 and analyzing it with a computer, various profile related data such as flange height and thickness may be extracted. Since three profile line images 122 are formed due to the three first laser lines, if a distortion occurs when the wheel 10 enters, each profile line image 122 is parallel as shown in FIG. 10. A gap G is generated between the profile line images 122 without being arranged in a line and can be immediately confirmed, and an error during triggering can also be corrected. That is, three profile line images 122 may be obtained by using three first laser lines, and the distortion and triggering of the wheel 10 may be interpreted by analyzing the distances between the profile line images 122 and their respective relationships. Errors can be detected and corrected.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, when the upper profile line image 122 is biased to the right side as compared to the lower profile line image 122, the wheel 10 is turned to the left. Can be. Accordingly, the data processor 600 measures the angle at which the profile line image 122 is twisted to detect how much the wheel 10 is distorted, and then considers the angle at which the wheel 10 is distorted. 122) is corrected.

In addition, the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention is a method of directly measuring the entire shape of the wheel 10 from the reference point or the reference profile itself, rather than measuring the shape and dimensions of each part of the wheel 10 from any one reference point. It is possible to measure all profile data used at home and abroad such as flange height, flange thickness, QR, flange tip dimension, flange angle, and slope of the slope without being affected by errors.

In addition, when the plurality of second laser lines are projected in the radial direction and photographed by the diameter photographing means 210, a plurality of diameter line images 222 as shown in FIG. 11 are generated. By processing the diameter line image 222 and analyzing it with a computer, data related to the diameter of the wheel 10 may be extracted.

The diameter measuring principle of the wheel 10 uses a method of extending both ends of the diameter line image 222 to form a virtual circle, extracting a line from the virtual circle, and extracting various data related to the diameter from the line. At this time, since the diameter of the wheel 10 is measured using a diameter value of 70 mm (based on the high speed rail) or 75 mm (based on a general rail other than the high speed rail) from the inside of the wheel 10, the state and position information of the inner surface of the wheel 10 is measured data. In the past, since the angle and horizontal displacement at which the wheel 10 is distorted cannot be accurately measured when entering the wheel 10, an accurate diameter measuring point (70 mm or 75 mm) cannot be selected. There was a problem that the reliability and precision is lowered. However, since the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention can detect the angle and horizontal displacement of the wheel 10 as described above, more accurate data can be obtained by reflecting the state of the wheel 10 as described above when measuring the diameter. There is an advantage.

In addition, it is possible to extract the diameter of the exact diameter measuring point (75mm or 70mm) from the inside of the wheel by using the measurement data of the profile measuring unit instead of simply calculating the average, so that even if abnormal wear or foreign matter is attached to the wheel profile surface, Data can be obtained.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, even when a foreign material is buried or scratched on the wheel 10, a portion of the diameter line image 222 may be formed to be non-linearly formed or cut off. Complementing the shape of the negative has the advantage that it is possible to extract data related to the diameter of the wheel (10).

In addition, in the case of using a conventional relative comparison method based on the reference coordinates, if the diameter is more than 10%, the error is too large and cannot be used. However, the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention uses circular extraction using a plurality of laser lines. And since the diameter of the wheel 10 is measured by a geometric analysis method, there is an advantage that the diameter of the wheel 10 can be measured regardless of the type of the wheel 10 and the size of the diameter.

The advantages of using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention are as follows.

First, when the wheel 10 enters the wheel 10 can be accurately calculated and the horizontal and vertical displacement and reflected in the data analysis.

Since the flange and the tread portion of the wheel 10 used for driving may wear out due to friction with the rail 530, they may not have a predetermined dimension. Even if the wheels are inside the wheel 10 which does not cause wear, the conventional method for measuring the inner distance between the wheels 10 by measuring any point of the inner surface of the wheel 10 as in the conventional wheel 10 There is a problem in that the angles distorted in the horizontal and vertical directions cannot be measured. In addition, the shape of the wheel 10 is obtained by combining the image of the profile portion and the diameter portion, using the conventional wheel 10 measuring device as described above, the accurate shape of the wheel 10 in the state in which the wheel 10 is twisted Can not get That is, the conventional wheel 10 measuring device can obtain only the two-dimensional information of the wheel 10 by using a single laser line, so as described above, even if the wheel 10 is misaligned, the recognized state is recognized as a normal state. There is a problem.

However, since the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention includes separate sensing means for measuring the inner distance of the wheel 10 and the distorted angle in the horizontal and vertical directions, the wheel 10 is accurately displaced by the distorted angle and the horizontal displacement. By calculating and reflecting this, there is an advantage that the shape of the wheel 10 can be measured more accurately.

Second, although the conventional wheel 10 measuring device uses a single laser line, data analysis is two-dimensional, but the wheel shape measuring device according to the present invention uses a plurality of first laser lines and second laser lines. This has the effect of extracting data in three dimensions. Therefore, the error due to the two-dimensional measurement, for example, if there are scratches only in the measurement point of the wheel 10 can minimize the measurement error to recognize the scratched shape as the overall shape of the wheel (10).

Third, the use of the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention has the effect that it is possible to determine the foreign matter or abnormal wear state.

In the case of the conventional single-wire laser, it was not possible to determine whether the wear state of the actual wheel 10 was such that it was caused by a foreign material or when there was a data jump. However, the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention has a plurality of first laser lines. And by providing a three-dimensional image and data using the second laser line it is possible to determine whether the foreign matter is attached to the surface or the actual wear situation.

In addition, when measuring diameter, using the measurement data of the profile measuring part, the diameter can be extracted by directly reflecting the surface condition of the exact diameter measuring point (75mm or 70mm) from the inside of the wheel in the data, so that abnormal wear or foreign matter adheres to the wheel profile surface. Even if you do, you can get the most accurate data.

Fourth, the triggering error can be corrected by using the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention. In the conventional method using one laser line, even if the triggering is wrong, there is no method of checking the same. However, since the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention uses a plurality of laser lines, the triggering position is misaligned as shown in FIG. 10. The twisted state of the wheel 10 can be grasped by the mutual positional relationship between the respective laser lines, and more accurate measurement is possible by using it for data correction.

Fifth, since multiple profile line images 122 and diameter line images 222 are formed, data can be measured using other images that appear normally even if the data of any one image is very unstable due to noise. In other words, in the case of using a single laser line, only one image is interpreted. Therefore, if there is an error in the data of the image, the measurement fails. However, in the case of using a plurality of laser lines, only one image among several images is used. If it is normal, it is possible to measure, so it has the advantage of high recognition rate and inspection success rate.

13 is a side view showing the mounting position of the triggering device 400 applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention, Figure 14 is a triggering device 400 applied to the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention. It is the data which measured the position of the wheel 10 using.

The triggering device 400 may be configured such that the center of the wheel 10 passes between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor at a midpoint between the signal transmission blocking time and the signal transmission resumption time between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor. Determine and measure the time point at which the center of the wheel 10 passes between each light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor to measure the speed and acceleration of the wheel 10.

The sensor that simply detects the passing of the wheel 10 by using one sensor cannot accurately measure the time point at which the center of the wheel 10 passes when the diameter of the wheel 10 is changed. Profiles and diameters could not be photographed in the center, which inevitably caused errors. In addition, the sensor is used to take an image away from the measurement unit by giving a certain delay time, but in most cases, only one sensor or only two sensors are used to accurately calculate the speed and acceleration when passing the wheel 10. In the end, if the speed and acceleration were different in the passage, the error would be large. On the other hand, since the triggering device unit 400 of the speed acceleration reflecting method applied to the present invention uses four sensors, the first wheel position detecting means 410 and the second wheel position detecting means 420 located at the front side. it calculates the speed V _1, and calculates a third wheel position detection means 430 and V ₂ to the third wheel position sensing means 430 which is located at the back, respectively, by calculating the time difference measured by the acceleration, the A very accurate triggering time can be predicted using the distance from the wheel position detecting means, that is, the fourth wheel position detecting means 440, and the measured speed and acceleration. The calculation process is as follows.

In this embodiment, the wheel position detection means, respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the path of the wheel 10 is configured to include a light emitting sensor and a light receiving sensor configured to block and resume signal transmission as the wheel 10 passes. That is, the wheel position detecting means is that the light path between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor is blocked by the wheel 10 when the wheel 10 passes between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor, the signal transmission is blocked. Start time and the time when the wheel 10 is passed between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor and the light path between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor by the wheel 10 is closed and signal transmission is resumed. It is configured to be.

The first wheel position detecting means 410 measures t ₁ , which is the point at which the wheel 10 starts to cover the optical path of the first wheel position detecting means 410, and t ₂ , which is the point where the light path is secured again. At this time, since the wheel 10 has a circular side shape, the wheel starting point covers the optical path of the first wheel position detecting means 410 and the point where the light path covering of the first wheel position detecting means 410 ends. Since it has the same horizontal distance from the axial center point of (10), the axial center point of the wheel 10 is located on the vertical line of the first wheel position detecting means 410 at t ₁₂ which is the intermediate value between t ₁ and t ₂ It can be seen that. As described above, the wheel position detecting means applied to the present invention detects the starting point of passage of the wheel 10 and the ending point of passage of the wheel 10, so that the side shape of the wheel 10 is changed even if the size of the wheel 10 is changed. As long as the circular shape is maintained, the time point at which the axial center point of the wheel 10 passes may be accurately determined. Hereinafter, the second wheel position detecting means 420, the second wheel position detecting means 420, and the third wheel position detecting means 430 also determine when the axial center point of the wheel 10 passes in the same manner. do.

The passage speed V ₁ of the section S1 between the first wheel position detecting means 410 and the second wheel position detecting means 420 is calculated by [Equation 1]. At this time, the time used is not t ₁ or t ₂ of FIG. 14, but since t ₁₂ data, which is an average point thereof, is used, it is not affected at all by a change in the diameter of the wheel 10. This is because only the gap between t ₂ and t ₁ becomes large and the intermediate value between t ₂ and t ₁ is the same when the large wheel 10 passes.

[Equation 1]

V ₁ = S ₁ / (t ₃₄ -t ₁₂ )

In the same manner, the passage speed V ₂ of the section S ₂ between the third wheel position detecting means 430 and the fourth wheel position detecting means 440 is calculated by [Equation 2].

[Equation 2]

V ₂ = S ₂ / (t ₇₈ -t ₅₆ )

On the other hand, the time when the wheel 10 passes between the first wheel position detecting means 410 and the second wheel position detecting means 420 and the third wheel position detecting means 430 and the fourth wheel position detecting means 440. If the time difference between the time points when passing Δ) is Δt, the acceleration a of the wheel 10 is equal to [Equation 3].

[Equation 3]

a = (V ₂ -V ₁ ) / Δt

Therefore, when the triggering device unit 400 applied to the present invention can measure not only the speed of the wheel 10 but also the acceleration, it is possible to accurately determine when the wheel 10 is positioned in the shooting section.

As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated in detail using the preferable embodiment, the scope of the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, Comprising: It should be interpreted by the attached Claim. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Since the wheel shape measuring device according to the present invention uses a plurality of laser lines, even if the wheel is distorted or the position is changed, the shape of each part can be measured more accurately than when using one laser line, and the vertically doubled inner double distance By using the measuring device, it is possible to measure and correct the up and down distortion of the wheel in the axle direction, and by adopting the triggering device reflecting the speed and acceleration, it is possible to specify the exact shooting time of the shooting means, regardless of the diameter size of the wheel There is an advantage that can accurately measure the shape of.

Claims (12)

Profile light emitting means 120 for irradiating the bottom surface of the profile portion of the wheel 10 with at least two first laser lines having a length in the axial direction of the wheel 10, and the first laser line with the wheel 10. A profile measuring unit (100) having a profile photographing means (110) for photographing at an inclined direction in a traveling direction, and outputting two or more profile line image (122) signals of the wheel (10); Diameter light emitting means 220 for irradiating at least two second laser lines having a length in the radial direction of the wheel 10 to the bottom surface of the tread surface of the wheel 10, and the second laser line to the wheel 10. A diameter measuring unit 200 having a diameter photographing means 210 for photographing obliquely in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wheel, and outputting two or more diameter line image 222 signals of the wheel 10; And A data processor 600 for correcting the at least two profile line image 122 signals and correcting the at least two diameter line image 222 signals to extract wheel shape data; Wheel shape measuring apparatus comprising a. The method of claim 1, The profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200, A wheel configured to output a profile line image 122 signal and a diameter line image 222 signal about a point perpendicular to an axial center of the wheel 10 of the bottom of the wheel 10; Shape measuring device. The method of claim 1, The profile photographing means 110, And a multi-line generating optics configured to provide a plurality of first laser lines with one light source. The method of claim 1, The diameter photographing means 210, And a multi-line generating optics configured to provide a plurality of second laser lines with one light source. The method of claim 1, An inner distance measuring unit measuring an inner distance of the upper and lower portions positioned on the same vertical line among the inner surfaces of the paired wheels 10 and measuring the axle direction tilt and horizontal distortion of the wheel 10 ( Wheel shape measuring apparatus further comprises a. The method of claim 5, The inner distance measuring unit 300, The wheel shape measuring device, characterized in that it comprises at least two pairs of reflected light sensor 310 for detecting the distance to each wheel 10 by detecting light reflected after irradiating light to the inner surface of each wheel (10) . The method of claim 1, The wheel shape measuring device, characterized in that it comprises a triggering device unit 400 for designating the photographing time point of the profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200 by sensing the speed and acceleration of the wheel (10). . The method of claim 7, wherein The triggering device 400 includes three or more wheel position sensing means arranged to be spaced apart along the path of the wheel 10 to detect a time point at which the wheel 10 passes, respectively, the wheel 10. It is composed of a structure capable of measuring the speed and acceleration of the; The profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200 are configured to operate at a time when the wheel 10 passes the measurement point by calculating the speed and acceleration of the wheel 10. Shape measuring device. The method of claim 8, The wheel position detecting means, Wheel shape measuring device, characterized in that it comprises a light emitting sensor and a light receiving sensor which are arranged on the left and right sides of the wheel (10), respectively, and configured to block and resume signal transmission as the wheel (10) passes. The method of claim 9, The triggering device unit 400, It is determined that the center of the wheel 10 passes between the light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor at an intermediate point between the light transmission sensor and the light receiving sensor when the signal transmission is interrupted and the signal transmission resumes. A wheel shape measuring device, characterized in that configured to measure the speed and acceleration of the wheel (10) by measuring the time point at which the center passes between each light emitting sensor and the light receiving sensor. The method of claim 1, The data processing unit 600, The image signal obtained by the profile measuring unit 100 and the diameter measuring unit 200 is compared with the image signal of the normal profile line to measure the amount of wear, The wheel shape measuring device, characterized in that configured to predict the profile line data and images that are deformed as the use time elapses by calculating the wear amount according to the use time. The method of claim 11, The data processing unit 600, Wheel shape measuring apparatus, characterized in that configured to predict the profile line image weighted according to an external condition affecting the wear of the wheel (10).

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