KR100618778B1 - Weak ground reinforcing structure located at a back side of a pier - Google Patents

Weak ground reinforcing structure located at a back side of a pier Download PDF

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Publication number
KR100618778B1
KR100618778B1 KR1020060018272A KR20060018272A KR100618778B1 KR 100618778 B1 KR100618778 B1 KR 100618778B1 KR 1020060018272 A KR1020060018272 A KR 1020060018272A KR 20060018272 A KR20060018272 A KR 20060018272A KR 100618778 B1 KR100618778 B1 KR 100618778B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
cover plate
binding
soft ground
shift
hole
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KR1020060018272A
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Korean (ko)
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이창욱
엄태학
김병하
이인안
정광태
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벽산엔지니어링주식회사
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges

Abstract

본 발명의 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조는 일측의 결속부(42)와 결속부(42)에 일체로 형성된 타측의 연결부(52)로 구성되어, 교대(100)의 전면의 연약지반(8)에 대응되는 뒷측의 설치부(110)에 설치되는 코너 덮개판(40)과, 상기 코너 덮개판(40)에 이어져서 복수의 덮개판(80)을 포함한다. 결속부(42)는 하면에 결속홀(44)이 형성되고, 연결부(52)는 하면에 말뚝삽입홀(54)이 형성되고, 측면에 결속홀(62)이 형성되고, 각각의 덮개판(80)은 일측에 코너 덮개판(40)의 연결부(52)의 결속홀(62)에 대응되도록 양측면에 형성된 결속홀(84)과, 하면에 형성된 말뚝삽입홀(86)이 형성되어, 결속부(42)의 결속홀(44)과 교대(100) 뒷면의 설치부(110)의 사이에는 결속앵커(46)가 체결되고, 코너 덮개판(40)의 결속홀(52)과 덮개판(80)의 일측의 결속홀(84)의 사이에 결속앵커(82)가 체결되어, 코너 덮개판(40)과 덮개판(80)을 연이어서 설치한다. 또한, 연결부(52)의 말뚝삽입홀(54)과 덮개판(80)의 말뚝삽입홀(86)에는 진동흡수용의 흡수재(56)가 삽입되고, 말뚝(60)이 결합된 캡(58)이 삽입결합된다. 본 발명에 의하면, 교대 전면의 연약지반에 대응하는 높이의 교대 뒷면의 연약지반에 코너 덮개판과 덮개판들이 수평으로 설치되고, 이 덮개판들위에 성토 다짐층이 형성됨으로서, 교대 뒷측의 연약지반이 보강되어 노면침하의 현상을 예방하는 효과를 가진다.The soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift of the present invention is composed of the coupling portion 42 on one side and the connecting portion 52 formed integrally with the binding portion 42, and the soft ground on the front surface of the alternation 100 ( It includes a corner cover plate 40 installed on the rear mounting portion 110 corresponding to 8) and a plurality of cover plates 80 connected to the corner cover plate 40. The binding portion 42 has a binding hole 44 formed at the lower surface thereof, the connection portion 52 has a pile insertion hole 54 formed at the lower surface thereof, a binding hole 62 formed at the side surface thereof, and each cover plate ( 80 has a binding hole 84 formed on both sides to correspond to the binding hole 62 of the connecting portion 52 of the corner cover plate 40 and a pile insertion hole 86 formed on the lower surface thereof, The binding anchor 46 is fastened between the binding hole 44 of the 42 and the mounting portion 110 on the back of the shift 100, and the binding hole 52 and the cover plate 80 of the corner cover plate 40 are fastened. The binding anchor 82 is fastened between the binding holes 84 of one side of the side), and the corner cover plate 40 and the cover plate 80 are successively installed. In addition, the cap insertion hole 54 of the connecting portion 52 and the pile insertion hole 86 of the cover plate 80 is inserted into the absorbing material 56 for vibration absorption, the cap (58) is coupled to the pile 60 This insert is combined. According to the present invention, the corner cover plate and the cover plates are horizontally installed on the soft ground of the alternating rear surface of the height corresponding to the soft ground of the front of the shift, and the ground compaction layer is formed on the cover plates, whereby the soft ground at the rear of the shift is formed. This reinforcement has an effect of preventing the phenomenon of road subsidence.

Description

도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약 지반 보강구조{WEAK GROUND REINFORCING STRUCTURE LOCATED AT A BACK SIDE OF A PIER}Soft ground reinforcement structure behind road bridge shift {WEAK GROUND REINFORCING STRUCTURE LOCATED AT A BACK SIDE OF A PIER}

도 1은 일반적인 도로, 교량 및 교대의 시공상태를 나타내는 개략도이고,1 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of general roads, bridges and shifts,

도 2는 본 발명의 바람직한 일 실시예에 따른 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조를 설명하기 위한 개략도이고,Figure 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the soft ground reinforcement structure of the back of the shift according to an embodiment of the present invention,

도 3은 도 2의 보강구조를 상세히 나타내는 분리 사시도이다.3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the reinforcing structure of FIG. 2 in detail.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

6 : 교량 상판 슬래브 8 : 연약지반6: bridge deck slab 8: soft ground

10 : 교대 12 : 노면 침하부10: shift 12: road sink

40 : 코너 덮개판 42 : 결속부40: corner cover plate 42: binding unit

44 : 결속홀 46 : 결속앵커44: binding hole 46: binding anchor

52 : 연결부 54 : 말뚝삽입홀52: connecting portion 54: pile insertion hole

56 : 흡수대 58 : 캡56: absorption band 58: cap

60 : 말뚝 62 : 결속홀60: pile 62: binding hole

80 : 덮개판 82 : 결속앵커80: cover plate 82: binding anchor

84 결속홀 86 : 말뚝삽입홀84 Binding Hole 86: Pile Insertion Hole

100 : 교대 110 : 설치부100: shift 110: mounting portion

120 : 성토다짐층120: fill compaction layer

본 발명은 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는, 도로, 교량 및 교대의 뒷측에 위치된 연약지반을 보강하여 노면침하를 방지할 수 있는 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a soft ground reinforcement structure at the rear side of a road bridge shift, and more particularly, a soft ground at the rear side of a road bridge shift that can prevent road subsidence by reinforcing the soft ground located at the rear side of the road, bridge and the shift. It relates to a reinforcement structure.

일반적으로 하천에 설치되는 교량은 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 하천변의 연약지반(8)에 교대 또는 교각(10)을 설치하는데, 연약지반(8)의 하부에 묻힌 교대(10)의 하부에는 말뚝(20)을 암반층(2)까지 박고, 교대(10)상의 상판설치부에는 교량상판 슬래브(6)를 시공한 후, 도로(4)를 포설하였다. 이어서, 이러한 교대(10)의 뒷면을 보강하기 위하여, 교대(10)의 뒷면의 돌출부에 단순하게 슬래브(12)를 설치하였다.In general, the bridge is installed in the river, as shown in Figure 1, the shift or pier 10 is installed on the soft ground (8) of the river side, the lower portion of the shift (10) buried in the lower soft ground (8) The pile 20 was put up to the rock layer 2, and after the bridge deck slab 6 was constructed in the upper plate installation part on the alternation 10, the road 4 was laid. Subsequently, in order to reinforce the back side of this shift 10, the slab 12 was simply installed in the protrusion part of the back side of the shift 10. As shown in FIG.

하지만, 이러한 종래의 연약지반 보강구조로는 연약지반이 침하하고, 시공된 슬래브(12)의 파손과 더불어 노면이 침하되는 문제점이 있었다.However, the conventional soft ground reinforcement structure has a problem that the soft ground is settled, and the road surface is settled with breakage of the constructed slab 12.

본 발명은 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 그 목적은 교대의 뒷측에 위치된 연약지반을 보강하여 노면침하를 방지할 수 있는 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조를 제공하는 것이다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a soft ground reinforcement structure at the back of the road bridge shift that can prevent road subsidence by reinforcing the soft ground located on the rear side of the shift.

이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 발명의 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보 강구조에 있어서, 상기 교대 전면의 연약지반에 대응되는 뒷측의 설치부에 설치되는 코너 덮개판과, 상기 코너 덥개판에 이어져서 서로 이어지도록 구성된 복수의 덮개판을 포함한다.In order to achieve the above object, in the soft ground reinforcement structure at the rear side of the road bridge shift of the present invention, the corner cover plate provided at the rear mounting portion corresponding to the soft ground at the front side of the shift and the corner cover plate are connected to each other. And a plurality of cover plates configured to be connected.

본 발명에 의하면, 교대 전면의 연약지반에 대응하는 높이의 교대 뒷면의 연약지반에 코너 덮개판과 덮개판들이 수평으로 설치되고, 이 덮개판들위에 성토 다짐층이 형성됨으로서, 교대 뒷측의 연약지반이 보강되어 노면침하의 현상을 예방하는 효과를 가진다.According to the present invention, the corner cover plate and the cover plates are horizontally installed on the soft ground of the alternating rear surface of the height corresponding to the soft ground of the front of the shift, and the ground compaction layer is formed on the cover plates, whereby the soft ground at the rear of the shift is formed. This reinforcement has an effect of preventing the phenomenon of road subsidence.

이하, 본 발명의 가장 바람직한 실시예를 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있도록 더욱 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 도면 중 종래와 동일한 구성에는 동일한 도면부호를 병기하였고 설명의 편의상 상세한 설명은 생략하였다.DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. In the drawings, the same components as in the related art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions are omitted for convenience of description.

도 2는 본 발명의 바람직한 일 실시예에 따른 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조를 개략적으로 나타내며, 도 3은 상세히 나타내고 있다.Figure 2 schematically shows a soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 shows in detail.

도 2 및 도 3에 있어서, 본 발명의 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조는 교대(100)의 전면의 연약지반(8)에 대응되는 뒷측의 설치부(110)에 설치되는 코너 덮개판(40)과, 상기 코너 덮개판(40)에 이어져서 서로 이어지도록 구성된 복수의 덮개판(80)을 포함한다.In Figures 2 and 3, the soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift of the present invention is a corner cover plate (installed on the rear mounting portion 110 corresponding to the soft ground 8 of the front of the shift 100 ( 40 and a plurality of cover plates 80 configured to connect to the corner cover plate 40 and to be connected to each other.

코너 덮개판(40)은 특히 도 3에 잘 나타난 바와 같이, 대략 역 기역자의 형상으로, 일측의 결속부(42)와 결속부(42)에 일체로 형성된 타측의 연결부(52)로 구 성된다. 결속부(42)는 연결부(52)보다 하측으로 돌출되어 있다.The corner cover plate 40 is, in particular, as shown in FIG. 3, in the shape of a substantially reverse tracer, and is composed of a binding portion 42 on one side and a connecting portion 52 formed integrally with the binding portion 42. . The binding part 42 protrudes below the connection part 52.

또한 결속부(42)는 교대(100) 뒷면의 설치부(110)에 부착되도록 하면에 2개의 결속홀(44)이 형성된다. 연결부(52)는 하면에 2개의 말뚝삽입홀(54)이 형성되고, 측면에 결속홀(62)이 형성되며, 결속부(42)의 결속홀(44)과 교대(100) 뒷면의 설치부(110)의 사이에는 결속앵커(46)가 체결되어, 결속부(42)를 교대(100) 뒷면의 살치부(110)에 체결한다. 또한, 연결부(52)의 말뚝삽입홀(54)에는 진동흡수용의 흡수재(56)가 삽입되고, 말뚝(60)이 결합된 캡(58)이 삽입결합된다.In addition, the binding unit 42 has two binding holes 44 formed on the bottom surface thereof so as to be attached to the installation unit 110 at the rear of the shift 100. The connection part 52 has two pile insertion holes 54 formed on the lower surface thereof, a binding hole 62 formed on the side surface thereof, and an installation part of the binding hole 44 of the binding part 42 and the rear of the alternating member 100. The binding anchor 46 is fastened between the 110 to fasten the binding part 42 to the cutout part 110 on the back of the alternation 100. In addition, the pile insertion hole 54 of the connecting portion 52 is inserted into the absorbing material 56 for vibration absorption, the cap 58 to which the pile 60 is coupled is inserted.

한편, 각각의 덮개판(80)은 직사각형의 형상으로, 코너 덮개판(40)의 연결부(52)의 결속홀(62)에 대응되도록 양측면에 결속홀(84)이 형성되고, 하면에 4개의 말뚝삽입홀(86)이 형성되며, 코너 덮개판(40)의 결속홀(52)과 덮개판(80)의 일측의 결속홀(84)의 사이에 결속앵커(82)가 체결되어, 코너 덮개판(40)과 덮개판(80)을 연이어서 설치한다.Meanwhile, each cover plate 80 has a rectangular shape, and binding holes 84 are formed at both sides of the cover plate 80 so as to correspond to the binding holes 62 of the connection portion 52 of the corner cover plate 40. A pile insertion hole 86 is formed, and the binding anchor 82 is fastened between the binding hole 52 of the corner cover plate 40 and the binding hole 84 on one side of the cover plate 80, thereby providing a corner cover. The plate 40 and the cover plate 80 are installed in succession.

이어서, 코너 덮개판(40)에 이어 설치된 덮개판(80)의 타측의 결속홈(84)과, 다른 하나의 덮개판(80)의 일측의 결속홈(84)의 사이를 결속앵커(82)로서 체결한다.Next, the binding anchor 82 is formed between the binding groove 84 on the other side of the cover plate 80 provided after the corner cover plate 40 and the binding groove 84 on one side of the other cover plate 80. Fasten as.

이와 같이 구성된 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대한 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조의 시공에 대해 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the construction of the soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift for a preferred embodiment of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

먼저, 교대(100)의 뒷측의 연약지반(8)에 코너 덮개판(40)의 연결부(52) 하면의 말뚝삽입홀(54)과 덮개판(80)의 말뚝삽입홀(86)의 간격으로 말뚝(60)을 박아놓고, 말뚝(60)의 상부에 캡(60)을 씌운다. 이어, 대교(100)의 설치부(110)에 코너 덮개판(40)의 결속부(42)를 체결앵커(46)를 이용하여 체결하는 한편, 캡(60)이 씌워진 말뚝(60)을 흡수재(56)와 함께 연결부(52) 하면의 말뚝삽입홀(54)에 삽입결합시켜, 코너 덮개판(40)을 설치한다.First, at the interval between the pile insertion hole 54 of the lower surface of the connecting portion 52 of the corner cover plate 40 and the pile insertion hole 86 of the cover plate 80 on the soft ground 8 on the rear side of the shift 100. Drive the pile 60, the cap 60 is put on the top of the pile (60). Subsequently, the fastening portion 42 of the corner cover plate 40 is fastened to the installation portion 110 of the bridge 100 by using the fastening anchor 46, while the absorber 60 is covered with the cap 60. A corner cover plate 40 is provided by inserting and engaging the 56 with the 56 into the pile insertion hole 54 on the lower surface of the connecting portion 52.

이어서, 코너 덮개판(40) 연결부(52)의 측면에 형성한 결속홀(62)과 덮개판(80)의 일측의 결속홀(84)의 사이를 결속앵커(82)로서 체결하는 한편, 캡(60)이 씌워진 말뚝(60)을 흡수재(56)와 함께 덮개판(80) 하면의 말뚝삽입홀(86)에 삽입결합하여 코너 덮개판(40)과 덮개판(80)을 연결설치한다.Subsequently, the binding hole 62 formed on the side surface of the corner cover plate 40 connecting portion 52 and the binding hole 84 on one side of the cover plate 80 are fastened as a binding anchor 82, while the cap The pile 60 covered with 60 is inserted into the pile insertion hole 86 of the lower surface of the cover plate 80 together with the absorber 56 to connect and install the corner cover plate 40 and the cover plate 80.

이후, 덮개판(80)의 타측의 결속홀(84)과 다른 덮개판(80)의 일측의 결속홀(84)사이를 결속앵커(82)로서 체결하는 한편, 캡(60)이 씌워진 말뚝(60)을 흡수재(56)와 함께 덮개판(80) 하면의 말뚝삽입홀(86)에 삽입결합하여 덮개판(80)과 덮개판(80)을 연결설치한다. 이와 마찬가지로 하여 여러개의 덮개판(80)을 연결한다.Thereafter, while fastening between the binding hole 84 on the other side of the cover plate 80 and the binding hole 84 on one side of the other cover plate 80 as the binding anchor 82, the cap 60 is covered with a pile ( 60 is inserted into the pile insertion hole 86 of the lower surface of the cover plate 80 together with the absorber 56 to connect and install the cover plate 80 and the cover plate 80. In the same manner, a plurality of cover plates 80 are connected.

마지막으로, 코너 덮개판(40)과 덮개판(80)들의 상부에 흙으로 덮고 다짐으로서 성토다짐층(120)을 형성한 후, 도로(4)를 시공한다.Finally, after forming the filling compaction layer 120 by covering and compacting with soil on top of the corner cover plate 40 and the cover plate 80, the road 4 is constructed.

상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조는 교대 전면의 연약지반에 대응하는 높이의 교대 뒷면의 연약지반에 코너 덮개판과 덮개판들이 수평으로 설치되고, 이 덮개판들위에 성토 다짐층이 형성됨으로서, 교대 뒷측의 연약지반이 보강되어 노면침하의 현상을 예방하는 효과를 가진다.As described above, the soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift according to the present invention, the corner cover plate and the cover plate are horizontally installed on the soft ground of the alternating back of the height corresponding to the soft ground of the front of the shift, the cover plate By forming a fill compaction layer on the field, the soft ground on the back side of the shift is reinforced to prevent the phenomenon of road subsidence.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같은 본 발명의 바람직한 일실시예에 따른 대교 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조는 상기 실시예에 한정되지 않는 것이고, 이하의 특허청구범 위에서 청구하는 바와 같이 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 당해 발명이 속하는 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구든지 다양한 변경 실시가 가능한 범위까지 본 발명의 기술적 정신이 있다고 할 것이다.Soft ground reinforcement structure at the back of the bridge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention as described above is not limited to the above embodiment, the invention without departing from the gist of the present invention as claimed in the following claims Anyone with ordinary knowledge in this field will have the technical spirit of the present invention to the extent that various modifications can be made.

Claims (3)

도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조에 있어서,In the soft ground reinforcement structure behind the road bridge shift, 상기 교대(100)의 전면의 연약지반(8)에 대응되는 뒷측의 설치부(110)의 상면에 설치되고, 역 기역자형의 형상이며, 일측이 하측으로 돌설된 결속부(42)와, 타측의 연결부(52)로 된 코너 덮개판(40)과;Binding unit 42, which is installed on the upper surface of the rear mounting portion 110 corresponding to the soft ground 8 on the front of the shift 100, is in the shape of a reverse counterweight, and one side protrudes downward, and the other side. Corner cover plate 40 of the connecting portion 52 of the; 상기 코너 덮개판(40)의 연결부(52)의 측면에 결속 앵커(82)를 매개로 서로 이어지는 복수의 덮개판(80)으로 이루어지고;A plurality of cover plates (80) connected to each other via a binding anchor (82) on the side of the connecting portion (52) of the corner cover plate (40); 상기 코너 덮개판(40)의 결속부(42)의 하면에는 다수의 결속홀(44)이 형성되어 결속앵커(46)를 매개로 상기 설치부(1)에 고정 설치되고, 상기 타측의 연결부(52)와 복수의 덮개판(80)의 하면에는 각각 다수의 말뚝삽입홀(54, 86)이 형성되어 그 내부에 진동 흡수용의 흡수재(56)와 갭(58)을 사이에 두고 다수의 말뚝(60)이 삽입되도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 도로 교량 교대 뒷측의 연약지반 보강구조.A plurality of binding holes 44 are formed on the bottom surface of the binding portion 42 of the corner cover plate 40 and are fixedly installed to the mounting portion 1 via the binding anchor 46, and the other connecting portion ( 52 and a plurality of pile insertion holes 54 and 86 are formed in the lower surface of the cover plate 80, respectively, and a plurality of piles are disposed between the absorber 56 and the gap 58 for absorbing vibration therein. Soft ground reinforcement structure of the rear side of the road bridge shift, characterized in that configured to be inserted (60). 삭제delete 삭제delete
KR1020060018272A 2006-02-24 2006-02-24 Weak ground reinforcing structure located at a back side of a pier KR100618778B1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100891979B1 (en) 2008-11-28 2009-04-08 주식회사 승화이엔씨 Jointless bridge using duplicate abutment
KR101160186B1 (en) 2011-08-17 2012-07-03 주식회사 서현기술단 Pile slab construction technique for railroad land subsidence reduction
KR200471110Y1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-02-24 삼인시설산업주식회사 Reinforcement device for pothole
KR102443020B1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2022-09-14 구본민 Construction method of bridge using overlapped piles and bridge using overlspped piles

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100436896B1 (en) * 2001-07-19 2004-06-23 (주)내경엔지니어링 Construction method for back-fill area of abutment

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100436896B1 (en) * 2001-07-19 2004-06-23 (주)내경엔지니어링 Construction method for back-fill area of abutment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100891979B1 (en) 2008-11-28 2009-04-08 주식회사 승화이엔씨 Jointless bridge using duplicate abutment
KR101160186B1 (en) 2011-08-17 2012-07-03 주식회사 서현기술단 Pile slab construction technique for railroad land subsidence reduction
KR200471110Y1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-02-24 삼인시설산업주식회사 Reinforcement device for pothole
KR102443020B1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2022-09-14 구본민 Construction method of bridge using overlapped piles and bridge using overlspped piles

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