KR100574133B1 - Deposit conveying mechanism and deposit conveying method - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a deposit conveyance mechanism capable of efficiently conveying deposits. It has a suction port part 12, the vertical pipe part 13, and the horizontal pipe part 14 which extends substantially horizontally in the horizontal direction, and the said horizontal pipe part 14 is lower than the hydraulic water supply line in the water in a storage location. A conveying pipe 10 supported at a position to be supported and moved up and down by the elevating device 38 so that the suction port 12 folds in a cycle required with respect to the bottom surface of the reservoir, The cup-shaped body 60 formed in the downwardly open shape provided in the inlet part 12 of the conveyance pipe 10, and the said inlet part 12 movably enters in an up-down direction, and this cup-shaped object A steam supply unit 73 for supplying steam into the 60 and a compressor body supply unit 74 for supplying the compressor body into the cup-shaped body 60 are provided.

Sediment conveyance mechanism, sediment conveyance method

Description

Sediment conveying mechanism and sediment conveying method {DEPOSIT CONVEYING MECHANISM AND DEPOSIT CONVEYING METHOD}

The present invention relates to a deposit conveyance mechanism and a deposit conveyance method.

There is a mechanism shown in Japanese Patent No. 3277489 as a dredging mechanism.

This dredging mechanism,

The discharge pipe is arranged through the dike hole provided at a position lower than the water storage level, and the discharge pipe is suspended at a position lower than the water storage level by the presidential election. ,

By the elevating device provided in the presidential election, the discharge pipe is moved up and down so that the inlet port is folded in the cycle required for the water reservoir surface of the reservoir, to obtain a pulsating flow which is a pulsating suction flow, and the sediment is mixed at a high concentration. The result is a plug that produces alternating mixed flow at low concentrations.

According to this dredging mechanism, the sediment can be efficiently discharged as a solid-liquid abnormal flow without contacting the pipe wall of the discharge pipe so as to be substantially resistant.

An object of the present invention is to provide a deposit conveyance mechanism and a deposit conveyance method which can be applied to the above conventional dredging mechanism and can efficiently transport deposits.

The present invention has the following configuration to achieve the above object.

That is, the deposit conveyance mechanism which concerns on this invention is an inlet port part opened toward the water reservoir surface in which the deposit in the reservoir was deposited, the vertical pipe part extended in the perpendicular direction from the said suction port part, and the said vertical pipe part upper part A horizontal tube portion extending substantially horizontally from the side to the discharge portion which is lower than the reservoir, and opened in a position lower than the water level of the reservoir. It is disposed so as to penetrate, and is supported at a position below the hydraulic water supply line in the water in the storage place, and when the deposit is conveyed, the suction port is connected to the water reservoir surface by the lifting device. It is provided in the conveyance pipe which is moved up and down in the cycle required, and the suction port part of the said conveyance pipe, and the said suction port part moves to an up-down direction A cup-shaped body formed in a downwardly open shape, a water vapor supply part for supplying water vapor into the cup-shaped body, and a compressor body supply part for supplying a compressor body into the cup-shaped body, wherein the cup-shaped body is formed to be opened. have.

In addition, the suction port side is lowered together with the cup-shaped body, and the suction port portion penetrates into the water surface, and the suction port portion is rapidly closed, so that the pressure on the suction port side decreases due to the inertial force of the fluid in the conveying pipe, thereby generating an expansion wave. Then, water column separation occurs with water vapor generated in the low pressure portion on the solid surface sequentially from the inlet portion side to the low concentration portion in the conveying pipe, and then the suction inlet portion is raised with respect to the cup-shaped body, and the high concentration that enters the suction port is obtained. While being sucked as an additional plug, a small amount of the compressor body is supplied from the compressor body supply unit into the cup-shaped body, and a larger amount of water vapor is supplied from the steam supply unit than the compressor body into the cup-shaped body. High concentration of sediment, water in the cup-like body, compressor body and water vapor flow into the suction port, The plug of the deposit and the gas plug of the compressor body and the water vapor are formed to raise the vertical pipe portion, and then the cup-shaped body is raised, and the supply of the compressor body and the water vapor is stopped to condense the water vapor of the gas plug portion. The volume of the gas plug decreases, the suction port is supplied to the water, and fresh water flows into the suction port, and the pressure on the suction port rises to generate a pressure wave and condense the water column separator. By repeating the cycle to make, it is characterized in that the flexible oscillator shape flow which consists of solid, liquid, and gas is produced in the said conveyance pipe, and the deposit is carried out to the said discharge | release part.

In the case of a fluid having high adhesive force (bingham fluid), a thick fluid film adheres to the pipe wall or the solid surface and becomes difficult to flow. However, in the present invention, the adhesive force generating structure of the fluid film is formed by the cavitation of the water column separation part. Solid and solid by local high pressure due to the cavitation of the emulsion flow (emulsion-like flow), which is reduced to the shear force caused by severe vibration (thixotropic effect) and in which the micro gas flow (micro balloon) generated in the fluid film is dispersed. The fluid film is always kept in the state of dynamic lubrication coefficient in the state of fluid lubrication without contacting the fluid, so that even a high density and high adhesion force volume can be conveyed with high efficiency.

Moreover, in the deposit conveyance method which concerns on this invention, the suction inlet part which opened the sediment in a reservoir at the water reservoir surface which accumulated it, the vertical pipe part extended in the vertical direction from the said suction port part, and the upper part of the said vertical pipe part substantially transversely from the upper part. It extends horizontally and has the horizontal pipe part opened toward the discharge | emission part lower than a reservoir, and this horizontal pipe part is arrange | positioned so that it may penetrate through the hole provided in the position lower than the water level of the said reservoir by liquid-tightness, and is equal to the water in the reservoir. A conveying pipe which is supported at a position lower than the gradient line and is moved up and down by the elevating device so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required with respect to the bottom surface of the water storage area by a lifting device, and a suction port of the conveying pipe. It is provided in a part, and the said suction inlet part enters so that a movement to an up-down direction is possible The cup-shaped deposit conveying mechanism comprising a cup-shaped body formed into an open shape, a water vapor supply part for supplying steam into the cup-shaped body, and a compressor body supply part for supplying a compressor body into the cup-shaped body. The suction port portion is lowered together with the upper body, the suction port portion is dug into the bottom surface of the water, and the suction port portion is rapidly closed, thereby reducing the pressure on the suction port portion side by the inertial force of the fluid in the conveying tube to generate an expansion wave. In order to sequentially generate water column separation from the inlet part side in the low concentration part in the inner part, the suction inlet part is raised with respect to the cup-shaped body, and the high concentration part entering the inlet is sucked as a plug, and a small amount of the compressor body is supplied from the compressor body supply part. Supplied into the cup-shaped body, and from the steam supply unit, By supplying a large amount of water vapor into the cup-shaped body, a high concentration of sediment, water in the cup-like body, a compressor body and water vapor are introduced into the suction port portion, and a plug and a gas plug made of high concentration of sediment are formed to form the vertical By raising the pipe section, followed by raising the cup-shaped body and stopping the supply of the compressor body and the water vapor, condensing the water vapor in the gas plug part, reducing the volume of the gas plug, supplying the suction port part, thereby By injecting fresh water into the inlet port, increasing the pressure on the inlet port side, generating a pressure wave, and condensing the water column separation unit, a soft oscillator shape flow consisting of solids, liquids, and groups is formed in the conveying pipe to deposit the sediment. Is carried out to the said discharge part.

1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a dredging mechanism in a dam lake.

2 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a Miwa dam;

3 is an explanatory diagram showing a fixing mechanism in a bank hole of a conveying pipe (discharge pipe);

4 is an explanatory diagram of a presidential election.

5 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure of a cup-shaped body in a suction port portion;

6 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure of a double pipe;

7 is an explanatory diagram of a pressure absorbing part;

8 is an explanatory diagram showing further details of a pressure absorbing portion;

9 is a correlation diagram of pipe loss and solidity rate.

10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the discharge pipe.

 EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, preferred embodiment of this invention is described in detail based on an accompanying drawing.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a dredging mechanism as an example of the deposit conveyance mechanism. This dredging mechanism is an example of application to a huge dam lake.

10 is a discharge pipe, which is a long conveying pipe, which is an inlet port 12 opened to face a water reservoir (a lake bottom 29) of a storage location 20 such as a dam lake in which sediments 22 such as earth and sand are deposited, and a suction port thereof. A discharge pipe (emission channel) that extends vertically upward from the portion 12 and extends substantially horizontally from the upper portion of the vertical pipe portion 13 in the transverse direction and is located lower than the reservoir 20. A horizontal pipe portion 14 having a discharge port 18 opening in the (30).

FIG. 2 shows the mechanism of the bypass tunnel in the Miwa Dam in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

On the upstream side of the dam levee 31, a branched levee 33 and a low sand dam 34 are provided. In the low-damping dam 34 and the branching embankment 33, coarse earth and sand are blocked with a stack to reduce the amount of solids flowing into the downstream dam lake, and to facilitate taking out the deposited solids after the flood. These coarse earth and sand are mechanically conveyed as before, and are effectively used for the material of concrete.

At the time of flooding, the gate (not shown) of the bypass channel (not shown) provided in the vicinity of the sect embankment 33 is opened, and the fine soils (about 0.1 mm in diameter) are flooded and bypassed through the bypass channel. The tunnel 30 is flowed, and fine soil is not deposited in the dam water. Therefore, very small particle size deposits, mainly called wash rods, are deposited on the dam lake.

In the present embodiment, the dredged sediment is discharged by using an auxiliary tunnel (secondary channel) 32 that passes through the bypass tunnel 30.

The discharge end side of the discharge pipe 10 is led through the bank hole 24 into the auxiliary tunnel 32.

The levee hole 24 is provided in the dike 25 of the reservoir 20 so that the discharge pipe 10 may pass through the position lower than the water level 21 of the reservoir 20.

The horizontal pipe portion (set so that the bank hole portion 24 side is slightly lowered) 14 which is bent at an almost right angle and extends in the substantially horizontal direction at the upper portion of the vertical pipe portion 13 of the discharge pipe 10 is, at the time of discharge of the deposit, It is underwater and is arrange | positioned so that it may pass through the position which becomes lower than a hydrophobic wiring.

As a result, the head pipe energy flows down the discharge pipe 10 in a state where the water flow is filled (in the case of fresh water).

Fresh water means what is considered Newtonian fluid in the case of ρ (average density) of 1.044 (in the case of dredged bottom of Lake Miwa in Lake Nagano).

In addition, the case where 1.5> ρ> 1.044 is called high concentration fluid and shows Bingham fluid characteristics. High viscosity is called Bingham fluid. In the case where the solid phase ratio is 30% or more, ρ becomes 1.5, and the case of clay is called a plastic fluid, and the case where the part (plug) in which the solid phase is concentrated is intermittently present. It is called a plug. In the case of plugs, a clay film (fluid film) such as a capsule may be formed on the surface of the plug, which is called a capsule fluid.

The bank hole 24 needs to have a watertight structure, and this structure will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

42 is a roller-shaped support member, which is disposed in a plurality of bank holes 24 and supports the discharge pipe 10 smoothly in the axial direction.

50 is a seal | sticker member, For example, it is formed in the airbag shape with the rubber material, and air is inject | poured inside. The seal member 50 is disposed between the bank hole 24 and the discharge pipe 10 (up and down of the discharge pipe 10), and the liquid is discharged between the bank hole 24 and the discharge pipe 10. Seal with wheat.

By releasing the air in the seal member 50, the fastening to the discharge pipe 10 is released, and the discharge pipe 10 can move in the axial direction.

The supporting member 42 is disposed on both sides of the seal member 50 on the embankment 44.

52 is the sluice plate. The sluice plate 52 is arranged to be movable in the groove part 53 (FIG. 1) provided in the up-and-down direction in the dike part 25 (FIG. 1), and is driven up and down by power, and the sluice (bank dike hole 24) I can open and close)).

The watermark plate 52 is lowered, and the levee hole 24 is sealed with a liquid seal by sandwiching the discharge pipe 10 through the seal member 50.

Next, 36 is a presidential ship (FIG. 1), the crane 37 is arrange | positioned, and the horizontal pipe part is made so that the vertical pipe part 13 may be made vertical by the crane 37 by the crane 37. 14) hangs below the same grade. The bent part between the vertical pipe part 13 and the horizontal pipe part 14 is also located in water. The crane 37 can change the hanging position of the discharge pipe 10 freely.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, on the presidential line 36, the elevating device 38 which moves the vertical pipe part 13 and therefore the suction port part 12 is moved. The elevating device is configured by, for example, a crank device to move the chain 62 connected to the vertical pipe portion 13 to the discharge pipe 10 suspended by the crane 37. ) Is raised about 2m, and the vertical pipe | tube part 13 is comprised to fall naturally.

The lifting device is not limited to the crank device, and any lifting device may be used as long as it can move the vertical pipe 13. As a drive part (not shown) of a lifting device, a motor, a cylinder device, etc. can be employ | adopted.

Moreover, what is necessary is just to be able to suspend the discharge pipe 10 as mentioned above, even if it is not the crane 37.

In addition, instead of the presidential ship 36, in some cases, a support stand (not shown) may be provided in a dam lake, and the support pipe 10 may be supported by this support stand, or a lifting device may be provided on the support object.

The support for supporting the discharge pipe 10 may be configured as a float (not shown) floating in water. By supplying air into the float (給 排) to enable the height adjustment of the discharge pipe (10). In this case, a watertight electric motor (not shown) is attached to the float, and the vertical pipe portion 13 is moved by the electric motor. The supply of electricity to the electric motor is performed by wiring (not shown) provided along the inside of the air supply pipe (not shown) to the float in order to avoid a short circuit.

Next, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of a part of the suction port 12 in detail.

As shown in FIG. 5, the inlet 12 has a double cylinder structure between an inner cylinder (discharge pipe 10) and a cup-shaped body 60.

As for the cup body 60, the upper end side is occluded by the lid 61, and forms a cup shape, and the lower end part (hereinafter may be called an inner cylinder) of the discharge pipe 10 may move this lid 61 freely, It penetrates with liquid tightness and airtight and enters into the cup-shaped body 60. The connection mechanism 62 is fixed to the site | part of the discharge pipe 10 which is slightly upward of the cup-shaped body 60, The chain 63 is connected to this connection mechanism 62, and the chain 63 raises and lowers the said structure. By being connected to the apparatus, the discharge pipe 10 can be lifted and lowered.

The cup-shaped body 60 is free to move relatively to the inner cylinder 10 in the liquid-tight state. Between the lid 61 of the cup-shaped body 60 and the coupling mechanism 62 is connected by the coil spring 65, the cup-shaped body 60 is the inner cylinder 10 in the range which the coil spring 65 expands and contracts. Go to). Therefore, when the inner cylinder 10 is pulled upward rather than the cutlery, the cup body 60 will be suspended from the coupling mechanism 62 in the state which the coil spring 65 extended.

The inside of the cup-shaped body 60 is partitioned off by the perforated plate 66, and the inner cylinder 10 penetrates through this perforated plate 66 freely.                 

The stopper 67 is fixed to the site | part on the inner cylinder 10 below the perforated plate 66, and the cushion material 68 which consists of a tire which removed the wheel between this stopper 67 and the perforated plate 66. ) Is sandwiched between. By the stopper 67, the cup-shaped body 60 is prevented from falling out on the inner cylinder 10 and supported.

On the lower end side of the cup-shaped body 60, a grating plate (perforated plate) 70 having a semicircularly convex cross section is fixed. The lower end side of the inner cylinder 10 penetrates the hole provided in the center of this grating plate 70, and is movable.

On the perforated plate 66 and the grating plate 70 of the cup-shaped body 60, the sphere for weight adjustment is accommodated suitably. This sphere rolls in the cup-shaped body 60, and also acts to crush and slurry the clay mass. When micro gas is contained in a clay mass, this micro gas is discharged and functions as a microballoon to be described later.

On the outer circumference of the cup-shaped body 60, three chisels 72 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (only one is shown in the figure).

As for the chisel 72, when the inner cylinder 10 and the cup-shaped object 60 fall, the lower end is formed so that the edge may be pointed. In addition, a chain for pulling is appropriately connected to this chisel 72, and this chain can be operated on the presidential line 36. As shown in FIG.

On the presidential line 36, as shown in FIG. 4, the steam supply part (steam generator: boiler) 73 and the compressed air supply part (compressor) 74 which are the compressor body supply parts are arrange | positioned.                 

The steam generated by the steam supply unit 73 and the compressed air adjusted by the compressed air supply unit 74 pass through the flexible double pipe 75 and can be supplied to the upper portion of the cup-shaped body 60. have.

As shown in FIG. 6, the double pipe 75 includes an outer cylinder 76 and an inner cylinder 77. Compressed air and steam are supplied into the double pipe from one end of the double pipe 75. That is, in the outer cylinder 76, compressed air is introduced through the pipe 79 from the connection port 78, and water vapor is introduced into the inner cylinder 77 through the pipe 81a from the connection port 80a.

The double pipe 75 is a long pipe, except for both pipe ends, is a long pipe, and is formed of a double pipe formed of a flexible, airtight material such as rubber, and has a length that can sufficiently reach the bottom of the lake in the storage area. Also, it is possible to bend.

The other end side of the double pipe 75 is connected to the lid 61 of the cup-shaped body 60, and compressed air and water vapor are introduced into the cup-shaped body 60.

In addition, since compressed air excellent in thermal insulation is introduced into the outer cylinder 76 and steam is introduced into the inner cylinder 77, condensation due to cooling of the steam is prevented as much as possible.

In addition, the compressor body supply unit 74 may be configured to supply carbon dioxide gas into the cup-shaped body 60 through the double pipe 75. Carbon dioxide gas dissolves well in water at high pressure, and foams at low pressure. As a result, microballoons well dispersed in the fluid film made of the slurry are produced, and the frictional resistance of the fluid is reduced.

Next, the dredging operation will be described.                 

Before the start of dredging, the suction port 12 is pulled up so that it is about 2 m above the cutlery. Since the discharge pipe 10 is disposed to be lower than the hydraulic gradient, the water (fresh water) fills the inside of the discharge pipe 10 even if L / D = 1000 when the head difference is 5.0 m or more, and flows down to 3.6 m per second. The above-mentioned sufficient flow velocity and therefore sufficient inertia force will be obtained.

In the present embodiment, basically, the discharge pipe 10 is disposed to be lower than the same water gradient as described above, so that dredging can be performed by water head difference. Then, by applying the operation described below, and by the phenomenon caused by the operation, clay deposits or stones having a short diameter of about 70% of the cross section of the pipe, etc. Even a large weight can convey and discharge more effectively. In fact, it was confirmed that bolts made of iron (ρ = 7.4), which do not settle and flow under normal conditions, were also conveyed and taken out.

As mentioned above, dredging is started after the water flow of sufficient flow velocity is obtained in the discharge pipe 10.

That is, by first unwinding the lifting device 38, the suction port portion 12 naturally falls together with the cup-shaped body 60. In the case where the distance to the cutlery is 2 m, the suction inlet 12 reaches the cutlery in about 3 seconds, and in the case of a pressed clay structure having a fine particle diameter of a wash rod or the like and having a fine particle size, , The suction port 12 penetrates the clay layer of the cutlery from about 0.1 second to about 30 cm.

As a result, the inlet port 12 is suddenly blocked, while the water in the discharge pipe 10 is still trying to flow due to the inertia force, so that a low pressure part is generated at the boundary with the high concentration part, and becomes an expansion wave and propagates downstream. . The propagation speed of this small-wave wave is about 200 m / sec when the pipeline is made of hard rubber having an elastic modulus of E = 4 GPa. In addition, when the low pressure portion is formed, the gas dissolved in the water is separated, and sometimes the pressure is lowered to become the saturated vapor pressure of the water temperature, so that the water is evaporated. Order separation occurs. Cavitation (breakdown of fear) also occurs in some cases. In other words, the generation and crushing of fear occurs at the same time.

In the downstream part of the water column separation state, the generation and breakage of water vapor occurs at the same time. This water column separation occurs sequentially continuously downstream just below the high concentration portion in the discharge pipe 10, and the propagation speed to the downstream of this water column separation is almost 20 m / sec. The propagation of the water column separation is generated by the high pressure portion and the low pressure portion alternately, and propagates to the horizontal pipe portion 14 as if the transverse wave of the rope is transmitted to the rope by shaking the rope end up and down by holding the end of the rope. Like a rope, the wave | undulation phenomenon arises in the direction which intersects the axial direction of a pipe | tube. The external energy due to this wave phenomenon is one of energy for transporting the fluid downstream in the discharge pipe 10 (pipeline). In addition, when the horizontal pipe portion 14 is largely waved in this manner, the solid which is about to settle by gravity is raised in the pipe bottom, thereby producing the effect of conveying the solid to the far side.

In this state, compressed air or carbon dioxide is sent into the cup body 60 while pulling up the inner cylinder (the portion of the vertical pipe portion 13 in the cup body 60) with respect to the cup body 60. Put in, followed by steam. As a result, a portion (highly concentrated portion, that is, a plug) mixed with a high concentration of clay, which has been dug into the suction port portion 12, which matches with that of the downstream side at a negative pressure, allows the inside of the inner cylinder 10 to be separated. Soaring. At the same time, the slurry (in some cases fresh water) in the cup-shaped body 60 enters the inner cylinder 10, and compressed air and then steam enter the inner cylinder 10. For this reason, since a gas plug is formed and the air lift state by a density difference is produced | generated, even if it is a highly viscous clay plug, the inside of the perpendicular pipe part 13 will be raised easily.

When it flows into the horizontal pipe part 14 through the vertical pipe part 13, since water vapor condenses and the surrounding density becomes large, air and a carbon dioxide gas are compressed and it becomes small grains and disperse | distributes in a slurry. In this way, the air and the like are dispersed into small grains, whereby the occurrence of the airlock state can also be prevented. By the way, the air lock state means that when a convex bent portion is formed in the horizontal pipe portion 14, when air is accumulated in the convex portion, the flow pressure is absorbed by the expansion and contraction action of the air and does not flow. Say.

The small grains of air or carbon dioxide gas are the source of destroying the surface tension of water the next time an expansion wave is generated, which simply creates a water column separation state.

Subsequently, the cup-shaped body 60 is pulled up (when the inner cylinder 10 is pulled up to a required height, the cup-shaped body 60 is also pulled up by the stopper 67). Since the cup-shaped body 60 is filled with water vapor and compressed air, buoyancy acts, and the cup-shaped body 60 is easily pulled up and returns to the initial state.

If the blowing of the steam and compressed air is stopped immediately after the cup-shaped body 60 is pulled up, since the water vapor condenses and rapidly becomes a low pressure of 0.5 atm or less, the high pressure fresh water around the inlet of 1.5 atm or more rapidly Flows in. In other words, the valve is in a supply state, whereby a pressure wave is generated in the discharge pipe 10. This propagates in the discharge pipe 10.

By the generation of pressure waves, the gas plugs are compressed rapidly, and also match with the condensation of water vapor in the gas plugs into water, causing a collision between the fluids, the gas plugs being more compressed, and suddenly pressured. Is higher. At this time, a water hammer phenomenon with a change in the elasticity of the volume occurs, and an inelastic collision state between an object having a relative speed difference of 100 m / s appears between the plug, the gas plug, and the liquid, and the discharge pipe ( 10), a soft oscillator shape flow having a sudden change in acceleration, which consists of three phases of solid, liquid, and group, is generated, and the plug is transported efficiently.

In particular, there is a difference in density in an object in an inertial fluid, and sudden changes in acceleration (rapid start and stop), which are expressed as collisions, generate a pressure difference between the objects and allow transportation of things such as iron ingots.

By the way, the water hammer phenomenon refers to the water hammer phenomenon and refers to the collision phenomenon which cannot ignore that even water compresses and volume becomes small.

By repeating the above-described falling and rising cycles of the suction port part 12, the fluid flowing in the discharge pipe 10 is mixed with the plug portion (high concentration portion) at which the clay is mixed at a high concentration and at a low concentration. (The fresh water portion and the gas plug portion. The water vapor gas plug portion is cooled by the external water and disappears when it goes to the downstream side, and the upstream portion is vacuum suctioned).

In addition, as described above, an expansion wave (vacuum wave: a wave that expands) and a pressure wave (dense wave) alternately occur in a low concentration portion between the high concentration portion and the high concentration portion, and the fluid is discharge pipe 10. The clay flows in a vibrating state vibrating severely in the interior, and the clay of high concentration flows with little contact with the pipe wall of the discharge pipe 10, that is, with a low pipeline resistance. (Soil) is carried. It can be seen that even if the length of the L (length) / D (diameter) is about 1000 to 1500, a long pipe can be discharged with high concentration of earth and sand well enough at an average flow rate of 1.3 m / sec. In this regard, when the head difference is 5.0 m and the clay slurry of C _V = 7 vol% and ρ = 1.1 is flowed to L / D = 100, the tube blockage occurs due to the inner wall adhesion of the slurry and the viscosity of the slurry itself. , Flow rate became zero.

In addition, the situation in which the fluid flows while vibrating violently in the discharge pipe 10 is observed by making a part of the discharge pipe 10 transparent, and as a result, water column separation length of each place reaches up to 50 cm, and the negative pressure causes backflow for several seconds. Then, when water column separation is lost by the pressure recovery from an upstream part, and the length becomes 0 cm, a rapidly accelerated fluid that reaches up to 100 m per second impinges on the downstream part. Thus, it was confirmed that the inside of the pipe vibrates violently.

9 shows the correlation between the pipe loss and the solid concentration (solid phase rate). λ represents the resistance coefficient of the entire system. In addition, in the formula, dozens of coefficients related to the flow were generated, and the solution diverged, so that the results were summarized as λ having no practical problem. Fig. 9 shows the result of carrying out various types of solid phase-rate fluid conveyance (drilling) with a head difference of 5.0 m and a hydraulic gradient (i) = 0.033, using a diameter 15 cm and a length of 150 m for the discharge pipe.

If the fluid is a Newtonian fluid, it flows smoothly at a flow rate of 3.6 m / sec.

In the case of Bingham fluid, if the same operation (rising operation of the vertical pipe part 13, etc.) is not performed (it is set as a pulsation-free condition in the figure), a tube blockage will arise and will not flow.

By performing the above-described operation of the present embodiment, the resistance coefficient did not increase so much, and even a plastic fluid having a solid phase rate of about 30% as well as a bingham fluid could be discharged and conveyed.

As described above, expansion waves (liquid or gaseous state) and pressure waves (liquid phase) are alternately generated at low concentrations between the plug portions generated at intervals in the discharge pipe 10, and the solid and liquid. Flowing in the three-phase state of the flag (including separation of orders) is like a locomotive (high concentration part) of a large number of vehicles connected by a coupler (low concentration part) of heavy load down a long downhill road by gravity. Similar to the situation when sudden start and stop are on the way of the slope, and due to the increase and decrease of a large number of connectors, the gravity due to the gradient of the less energy, i.e. the slope of the slope, can be started or stopped with less energy. The synergistic effect (rising effect) of the horizontal component of force and small inertia force is that high concentration and high viscosity fluid flows into the outlet at a low speed of 1.3 m / sec on average without sedimentation or deposition in the discharge tube 10.

Even if the amount of abrasion of the pipe is judged from the measured value proportional to the square of the flow rate, it is clear that the durability of the whole system is increased several times.

In addition, as described above, water vapor condenses and is accepted in water. On the other hand, the blown compressed air is partially dissolved in water, but most of it is dispersed as small particles (microballoons) in the fluid film between the pipe wall of the discharge pipe 10 and the solid, and discharged together with the fluid. As air is dispersed in the fluid film adhering to the pipe wall of the discharge pipe 10 in this way, the fluid resistance of the fluid is gradually reduced, which is one factor in that the fluid is well discharged. When carbon dioxide gas is used as the compressor body, since it dissolves in water at high pressure and foams at low pressure, it is easier to make the flow in the above-mentioned soft oscillator state.

In this way, it is possible to satisfactorily discharge even the hardened and highly viscous deposits of which the high-density wash rod having a solid phase rate of about 30% is pressed.

In addition, the supply or blocking of the compressor body and water vapor from the compressor body supply unit 74 and the steam supply unit 73 is performed by a solenoid valve (not shown), and the timing of opening / closing of the solenoid valve is the inlet 12. It is controlled so as to be performed in accordance with the timing of elevating timing of the elevating device 38, that is, the timing of driving of the elevating device 38 constituted by a crank mechanism or the like.

In addition, although not shown, by forming a spiral projection on the inner surface of the discharge pipe 10, by forming a rivet (grooves and projections alternate spirally in succession), the bullet of the rifle rifle is fired while rotating As with less resistance, as the plug and fluid in the pipeline rotate, the resistance of the plug is further reduced, and the deposit is discharged more smoothly. In addition, the tube cross-section increases and decreases due to the expansion wave, and this increase and decrease of the tube cross-section further increases the above-mentioned rotation (spin effect) (reduction of the pipe cross-section increases the rotational speed of the plug, The difference in shear rate between the fluid membranes).

However, as described above, cavitation and water hammer occur in the fluid, and the breaking force applied to the discharge pipe 10 is increased. 7 and 8 illustrate an example of a mechanism for preventing damage to the discharge pipe 10 and increasing durability of the system.

First, basically, the discharge pipe 10 is an organic material and has an elastic modulus E of about E = 4 GPa so that the destructive force acting on the discharge pipe 10 can be absorbed by the discharge pipe 10 itself. It is good to use the thing of material with large elasticity, such as these.

In the case of using a large diameter discharge pipe 10 having a pipe diameter of 100 cm or more, a flexible pipe structure in which a spiral trapezoidal rubber plate reinforced with a steel plate is wound in a spiral shape with the iron plate side outward and joined. What was formed may be used (refer FIG. 10).

In FIG. 7, 80 is a float and is arrange | positioned in the bending part between the vertical pipe part 13 and the horizontal pipe part 14 of the discharge pipe 10, and gives buoyancy force to the discharge pipe 10. FIG. The float 80 is connected by the pipe 81 to the compressed air supply part 74 on the president ship 36, and the compressed air is rapidly discharged.                 

82 denotes a pressure absorbing portion, which communicates with the inside of the discharge pipe 10, absorbs the increase in pressure and the reduced pressure in the discharge pipe 10, and reduces the breakdown force applied to the discharge pipe 10. FIG. The pressure absorbing part 82 is provided in the appropriate location of the horizontal pipe part 14 of the discharge pipe 10, and is connected to three groups in the example shown.

8 shows a specific example of the pressure absorbing portion 82.

In this example, the pressure absorbing portion 82 uses a structure similar to a tire of a car.

84 denotes a support ring made of metal such as aluminum or iron, and the discharge pipe 10 inserts the inside of the support ring 84. This support ring 84 is fixed on the outer circumference of the discharge pipe 10 by appropriate means. In addition, the support ring 84 communicates with the inside of the discharge pipe 10 in a liquid tight and airtight manner through the hole 85.

86 is an outer tube, like the tire of a car, it fits in the outer periphery of the support ring 84, and comprises the sealed tube space with the support ring 84. As shown in FIG. 87 is an inner tube and is arrange | positioned in the outer tube 86. As shown in FIG.

In the outer tube 86, compressed air and water vapor are supplied through the valve 88 and the connection hose 89 provided in the support ring 86. The outer tube 86 of the three pressure absorbing portions 82 is communicated by a connecting hose 89, and in the outer tube 86 of the pressure absorbing portion 82 of the shortest portion, Compressed air and water vapor are supplied through the double pipe 75 having the same structure as shown in FIG. The double pipe 75 is connected to the compressed air supply unit 74 and the steam supply unit 73 provided on the major wire 90 (FIG. 7) through a connecting pipe.                 

Compressed air is supplied to the inner tube 87 through a valve 91 provided in the support ring 84, a valve 92 provided in the inner tube 87, a hose connecting them, and a hose 93. The hose 93 is connected to the compressed air supply part 95 provided on the president ship 90. In addition, between the inner tubes 87 of the three pressure absorbing units 82 is connected by a connecting hose 96.

The pressure absorbing portion 82 is configured as described above.

The pressure in the inner tube 87 is in equilibrium with the pressure of the space in the outer tube 86, and serves to support the outer tube 87 so as not to be crushed. In some cases, the inner tube 87 It is not necessary to prepare.

When an expansion wave is generated in the discharge pipe 10 and the pressure is lowered, the compressed air and the water vapor flow into the discharge pipe 10 through the hole 85 from the outer tube 86, and thus the discharge pipe 10 ) Sudden deformation is prevented. In addition, when a relatively large stone 97 or the like flows through the discharge pipe 10, the water vapor supplied into the discharge pipe 10 is broken and the pressure is lowered. 98 is easily formed, and encourages the formation of a soft oscillator shape consisting of the solid, liquid, and three phases, and transports plugs, stones, and the like more efficiently.

When a pressure wave is generated in the discharge pipe 10 and the pressure rises, water flows into the outer tube 86 and absorbs a sudden rise in the pressure in the discharge pipe 10, thereby abruptly deforming the discharge pipe 10. You can prevent it.

Thus, by providing the pressure absorbing portion 82, even if a cavitation or water hammer occurs in the fluid, the pressure absorbing portion 82 can absorb the pressure change and maintain the pulsation state necessary for solid transport. In addition, damage of the discharge pipe 10 can be prevented as much as possible.

Since the pressure absorbing part 82 also serves as a float, it is possible to easily arrange the horizontal pipe part 14 at the same or less gradient position by arranging the pressure absorbing part 82 at an appropriate space at a suitable position of the horizontal pipe part 14.

In addition, the pressure absorbing part 82 is not limited to the said structure. For example, it may be formed only in a float shape, communicate with the discharge pipe 10 through a hole or a suitable pipe, and absorb the pressure change in the discharge pipe 10.

In the case of dredging in dam lakes and the like, during flooding, rapid water flow of 3 m / sec or more also occurs in the dam lake, and extremely large force acts on the discharge pipe 10, and the discharge pipe 10 may be largely damaged. have.

In the case of such a great flood, the entire discharge pipe 10 may be settled to the bottom of the lake.

To this end, the wires hanging from the presidential wire 36 are loosened, the double pipes 75, the pipes 81 and 93 are loosened, and the gas in the float 80 and the pressure absorbing portion 82 is discharged. In order to sink the discharge pipe 10 to the bottom of the lake. Since the flow rate of the water flow becomes small, the lake bottom can reduce the damage to the discharge pipe 10.

In the said embodiment, although dredging of the deposit deposited in the dam lake was demonstrated as an example, it is not limited to this. Of course, it can be used by providing a water level difference (pressure difference) on the suction side and the discharge side even for dredging in a storage place such as a pond or a lake or at sea.

Alternatively, even in the case of discharging coal or iron ore, which is a load in the tanker, from inside the tanker, water is injected into the tanker, and then, as in the above embodiment, the coal or iron ore is discharged to the outside together with water flow. It is applicable also to the conveyance mechanism of the deposit which conveys the deposit deposited in the place to the outside.

In addition, since the dredging of the steel ingot of rho = 7.4 drove, the above-mentioned mechanism which gives a sudden change of acceleration due to a sudden pressure difference in the pipeline can be applied also as a mechanism for collecting useful substances in the deep sea and collecting mechanism of methane hydrate.

In addition, since a soft oscillator-like flow of solids, liquids and groups is generated, it is also very suitable for long distance transportation of crude oil.

In particular, the sudden change of pressure in the pipeline due to the rapid closing and closing of the valve at the inlet of the pipeline is caused by the pulsation of the heart, and the mechanism for generating the expansion wave at the inlet is based on the red blood or platelet in the blood of the artificial heart. It can be applied to transport, and at that time, it also contributes to the activation (stimulation) of the deforming ability of erythrocytes and the aggregation ability of platelets.

Although various examples have been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

According to the present invention, an expansion wave (low pressure portion generated in a liquid phase or a gas phase: a vacuum wave) and a pressure wave (liquid phase) are formed at low concentrations between the plug portions generated at intervals in the carrier tube as described above. It occurs alternately, and a soft oscillator-like flow consisting of three phases of solid, liquid, and gas (including order separation) is generated, and a wagon (high concentration part) connected by a coupling machine (low concentration part) is suddenly started and dropped by a locomotive. Similar to the situation when it is stopped, and by the action of stretching and contraction of the spring-coupled connector, the gravity (water head) pressure can be reduced with a small amount of energy, that is, a small inertia force, just as it can start or stop with less energy. The synergistic effect with D) produces the effect that the fluid of high concentration and high clay flows in the conveying pipe for a long distance.

Claims (16)

The inlet part of the reservoir in which the sediment in the reservoir is deposited, the vertical pipe part that extends in the vertical direction from the suction port part, and extends substantially horizontally from the upper part of the vertical pipe part, and is lower than the reservoir. It has a horizontal pipe part opened toward the discharge part, and this horizontal pipe part is arrange | positioned so that a liquid part may penetrate through the hole part provided in the position lower than the water level of the said storage location, and is supported by the position below water flow line in the water in a storage location. In addition, during the conveyance of the deposit, the conveying pipe is moved by the elevating device so that the suction port is folded in the cycle required for the water reservoir surface of the reservoir, A cup-shaped body provided in the suction port portion of the conveying pipe and formed in a downwardly open shape in which the suction port portion is movable in the vertical direction; A steam supply unit for supplying steam into the cup body; And a compressor body supply unit for supplying a compressor body into the cup-shaped body. The method of claim 1, The suction port side is lowered together with the cup-shaped body, and the suction port portion penetrates into the water surface, and the suction port portion is rapidly closed, so that the pressure on the suction port side is lowered by the inertial force of the fluid in the conveying pipe, and an expansion wave is generated. Order separation occurs sequentially from the suction port side to the low concentration part in the conveying pipe, Subsequently, a suction port portion is raised with respect to the cup-shaped body, a high concentration portion entering the suction port is sucked as a plug, a small amount of the compressor body is supplied from the compressor body supply portion into the cup-shaped body, and a larger amount than the compressor body from the water vapor supply portion. When the water vapor is supplied into the cup-shaped body, high concentration of sediment of water, water in the cup-shaped body, the compressor body and water vapor flow into the suction port, and a plug and a gas plug made of high concentration of sediment are formed and the vertical pipe portion is formed. To rise, Subsequently, the cup-shaped body is raised, and the supply of the compressor body and the water vapor is stopped, so that water vapor of the gas plug portion condenses, the volume of the gas plug decreases, and the inlet portion is opened rapidly, thereby introducing fresh water into the inlet portion. When the pressure on the suction port side rises, a pressure wave is generated, and the cycle of condensing the water column separation unit is repeated, thereby creating a soft oscillator-shaped flow consisting of solid, liquid, and group in the conveying pipe, and transporting the deposit to the discharge unit. The deposit conveyance mechanism characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 1, And said compressor body supply unit supplies compressed air or carbon dioxide gas. The method of claim 2, And said compressor body supply unit supplies compressed air or carbon dioxide gas. The method of claim 1, A lifting device having a presidential ship floating in the water storage area, and a hanging device for supporting the carrier pipe, a lifting device for swinging the carrier pipe so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required for the water surface; A deposit conveyance mechanism, characterized in that a water vapor supply section and the compressor body supply section are arranged. The method of claim 2, A lifting device having a presidential ship floating in the water storage area, and a hanging device for supporting the carrier pipe, a lifting device for swinging the carrier pipe so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required for the water surface; A deposit conveyance mechanism, characterized in that a water vapor supply section and the compressor body supply section are arranged. The method of claim 3, wherein A lifting device having a presidential ship floating in the water storage area, and a hanging device for supporting the carrier pipe, a lifting device for swinging the carrier pipe so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required for the water surface; A deposit conveyance mechanism, characterized in that a water vapor supply section and the compressor body supply section are arranged. The method of claim 4, wherein A lifting device having a presidential ship floating in the water storage area, and a hanging device for supporting the carrier pipe, a lifting device for swinging the carrier pipe so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required for the water surface; A deposit conveyance mechanism, characterized in that a water vapor supply section and the compressor body supply section are arranged. The method of claim 1, The deposit conveyance mechanism provided in communication with the said conveyance pipe, Comprising: The pressure absorbing part which absorbs the increase and decrease of the pressure in a conveyance pipe was provided. The method of claim 2, The deposit conveyance mechanism provided in communication with the said conveyance pipe, Comprising: The pressure absorbing part which absorbs the increase and decrease of the pressure in a conveyance pipe was provided. The method of claim 5, The deposit conveyance mechanism provided in communication with the said conveyance pipe, Comprising: The pressure absorbing part which absorbs the increase and decrease of the pressure in a conveyance pipe was provided. The inlet part of the reservoir in which the sediment in the reservoir is deposited, the vertical pipe part that extends in the vertical direction from the suction port part, and extends substantially horizontally from the upper part of the vertical pipe part, and is lower than the reservoir. It has a horizontal pipe part opened toward the discharge part, and this horizontal pipe part is arrange | positioned so that a liquid part may penetrate through the hole part provided in the position lower than the water level of the said storage location, and is supported by the position below water flow line in the water in a storage location. In addition, the conveying pipe which is moved up and down so that the said suction inlet part folds in the cycle required with respect to the water reservoir surface of a storage location by the lifting apparatus at the time of conveyance of a deposit is provided in the suction inlet part of the said conveyance pipe, and the said suction inlet part is a vertical direction A cup-shaped body formed in a downwardly open shape and movable in a direction of Using a deposit conveyance mechanism provided with the water vapor supply part which supplies a water vapor | steam into a shape body, and the compressor body supply part which supplies a compressor body into the said cup shape body, The suction port portion is lowered together with the cup-shaped body and the suction port portion is dug into the bottom surface so that the suction port portion is rapidly closed, thereby reducing the pressure on the suction port portion side by the inertial force of the fluid in the conveying pipe to generate an expansion wave. , The water column separation is sequentially generated from the suction port part side in the low concentration part in the conveying pipe, Subsequently, the suction port portion is raised with respect to the cup-shaped body, the high concentration portion that enters the suction port is sucked as a plug, a small amount of the compressor body is supplied from the compressor body supply part into the cup-shaped body, and the steam body is supplied from the compressor body than the compressor body. By supplying a large amount of water vapor into the cup-shaped body, a high concentration of sediment, water in the cup-shaped body, a compressor body and water vapor are introduced into the suction port portion, and a plug and a gas plug made of high concentration of water are formed to form the vertical Raise the crown, Subsequently, by raising the cup-shaped body and stopping the supply of the compressor body and the water vapor, condensation of water vapor in the gas plug portion, reducing the volume of the gas plug, supplying the inlet portion, and thereby fresh water in the inlet portion By repeating the cycle of increasing the pressure on the suction port side and generating a pressure wave to condense the water column separation unit, a soft oscillator-shaped flow consisting of solid, liquid, and group is generated in the conveying pipe and the deposit is carried out to the discharge unit. The deposit conveyance method characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 12, The compressed material or carbon dioxide gas is supplied into the said cup body from the said pressurized body supply part, The deposit conveyance method characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 13, The deposit conveyance mechanism has a presidential line floated in a storage place, and the apparatus for hanging up and down hangs the supporter for supporting the conveying pipe, and the conveying pipe to be moved so that the suction port is folded in a cycle required for the water surface. A lifting apparatus, the said water vapor supply part, and the said compressor body supply part are arrange | positioned, The deposit conveyance method characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 13, The deposit conveyance mechanism is provided in communication with the inside of the conveying pipe, and has a pressure absorbing part for absorbing the increase and decrease of the pressure in the conveying pipe. The method of claim 14, The deposit conveyance mechanism is provided in communication with the inside of the conveying pipe, and has a pressure absorbing part for absorbing the increase and decrease of the pressure in the conveying pipe.

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