KR100573967B1 - Nondestructive inspection type supersound sensing system - Google Patents

Nondestructive inspection type supersound sensing system Download PDF

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KR100573967B1
KR100573967B1 KR1020030093628A KR20030093628A KR100573967B1 KR 100573967 B1 KR100573967 B1 KR 100573967B1 KR 1020030093628 A KR1020030093628 A KR 1020030093628A KR 20030093628 A KR20030093628 A KR 20030093628A KR 100573967 B1 KR100573967 B1 KR 100573967B1
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ultrasonic
control terminal
value
generator
exploration
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KR20050061976A (en
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신용석
노은철
오혁희
김중열
김유성
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한국시설안전기술공단
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/018—Impedance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

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Abstract

본 발명은 콘크리트를 포함하는 터널라이닝 지보구조를 탐사하기 위한 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템에 관한 것으로, 이 시스템은 현재상태 및 탐사수치를 디스플레이하는 화면표시부와, 미리 저장된 프로그램에 따른 제어신호를 발하는 제어부와, 사용자가 누른 버튼값을 읽어들이기 위한 키입력부를 가진 제어단말기와, 상기 제어단말기로부터 수신된 제어신호에 따라서 초음파를 방사하기 위해 5개의 압전소자를 직렬로 연결하고, 그 배면에는 장치내부에서 생성될 수 있는 반사파를 감쇠시키기 위한 흡수성매질이 구비되며, 전기적 임피던스값의 정합을 위한 회로와 외부로부터 전원을 공급받기 위한 전원연결단자를 가진 초음파발생기와, 탐사대상체를 거쳐 수신된 초음파를 진단하고, 진단된 값을 상기 제어단말기로 전달하는 초음파수진기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention relates to a non-destructive inspection ultrasonic detection system for exploring tunnel lining support structure including concrete, the system includes a screen display for displaying the current state and the exploration value, and a control unit for emitting a control signal according to a pre-stored program. And a control terminal having a key input unit for reading the button value pressed by the user, and five piezoelectric elements in series to radiate ultrasonic waves in accordance with a control signal received from the control terminal. An absorbent medium is provided to attenuate the generated reflection wave, an ultrasonic generator having a circuit for matching electrical impedance values and a power connection terminal for supplying power from the outside, and diagnosing the ultrasonic wave received through the object to be examined. Ultrasonic transducer for delivering the diagnosed value to the control terminal It is characterized by including.

초음파탐사시스템, 터널라이닝 지보구조, 초음파 발생기, 초음파 수진기Ultrasonic Exploration System, Tunnel Lining Support Structure, Ultrasonic Generator, Ultrasonic Resonator

Description

비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템{Nondestructive inspection type supersound sensing system}Nondestructive inspection type supersound sensing system

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 초음파탐사시스템의 개략적인 구성을 나타낸 블록도.1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic detection system according to the present invention.

도 2는 투과형 탐사방법을 설명하기 위한 블록도.2 is a block diagram illustrating a transmissive exploration method.

도 3은 반사형 탐사방법을 설명하기 위한 블록도.3 is a block diagram illustrating a reflective exploration method.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 초음파탐사시스템의 초음파발생기의 세부구성을 나타낸 블록도.Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the detailed configuration of the ultrasonic generator of the ultrasonic detection system according to the present invention.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10 : 제어단말기 12 : 화면표시부10: control terminal 12: screen display unit

14 : 제어부 16 : 키입력부14: control unit 16: key input unit

18 : 초음파발생기 20 : 초음파수진기18: ultrasonic generator 20: ultrasonic transducer

본 발명은 초음파탐사시스템에 관한 것으로, 더 상세하게는 콘크리트로 이루어진 터널라이닝 지보구조를 탐사하기 위한 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an ultrasonic detection system, and more particularly, to a non-destructive inspection ultrasonic detection system for exploring the tunnel lining support structure made of concrete.

일반적으로, 터널라이닝지보구조는 콘크리트라이닝, 방수막, 숏크리트, 원지반을 포함하여 구성되어 있다. 여기서, 터널라이닝이란 원래의 터널에 추가적인 재질 예컨대, 콘크리트등을 덧바르거나 붙이는 등 피복하여 보호함으로써 건축물의 강도를 높혀주는 작업이나 구조물을 말하고, 지보(支保)는 터널의 붕괴를 막기위한 것으로 콘크리트를 재료로 한 콘크리트지보가 주로 사용되고 있으며, 상기 숏크리트(shotcrete)란 거나이트(gunite)라고도 하는데, 시멘트건과 같이 압축공기에 의한 분사기를 사용하여 분사되는 모르타르를 말한다.In general, the tunnel lining support structure is composed of concrete lining, waterproof membrane, shotcrete, base material. Here, tunnel lining refers to a work or structure that increases the strength of a building by covering or protecting additional materials such as concrete, etc., to the original tunnel, and jibo refers to preventing the collapse of the tunnel. A concrete support made of a material is mainly used. The shotcrete is also called gunite, and refers to mortar sprayed using an injector by compressed air, such as a cement gun.

이러한 터널지보구조의 시공성과를 판단하고, 장기적인 유지보수 및 안정성분석을 위해서는 콘크리트라이닝의 두께, 배면 공도의 존재여부를 확인하는 것이 매우 중요한 요소이다.It is very important to determine the thickness of concrete lining and the presence of the back roadwork for judging the construction performance of such tunnel support structure and for long-term maintenance and stability analysis.

상술한 정보를 취득하기 위해서는 초음파반사법을 이용하여 수행되는데, 초음파반사법 탐사는 터널라이닝에 부착된 초음파발생원장치로부터 방사되는 초음파가 터널 지보구조로 전달되면서 각 경계면에서 반사되는 신호를 초음파 수진기 장치에서 기록하여 이를 분석함으로써 터널 지보구조에 대한 정보를 제공하게 된다.In order to acquire the above-mentioned information, the ultrasonic reflection method is performed, and the ultrasonic reflection method records ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic wave source device attached to the tunnel lining to the tunnel support structure, and records signals reflected at each interface at the ultrasonic wave receiver device. By analyzing this, the information on the tunnel support structure is provided.

그러나, 종래의 초음파측정장비로 콘크리트를 대상으로 비파괴검사를 수행할 경우에 초음파투과법을 이용하면 그 결과를 비교적 양호한 탐사결과를 얻을 수가 있지만, 초음파반사법을 이용하면 그 결과가 양호하지 못한 탐사결과를 얻었다.However, when performing nondestructive testing on concrete with conventional ultrasonic measuring equipment, the results of relatively good exploration can be obtained by using the ultrasonic transmission method, but the results are not satisfactory using the ultrasonic reflection method. Got.

하지만, 이미 존재하는 건축물인 터널라이닝 지보구조에 대하여 초음파투과법은 적용하기가 곤란할 때에는 초음파반사법을 적용하여야 하는데, 이에 따른 초 음파탐사시스템의 개발이 절실히 요청되는 실정이다.However, when the ultrasonic transmission method is difficult to apply to the existing tunnel lining support structure, the ultrasonic reflection method should be applied. Therefore, the development of the ultrasonic detection system is urgently required.

본 발명은 동일한 주파수 예컨대, 50㎑의 초음파발생 및 초음파진단을 수행하는 기존의 초음파탐사시스템으로는 양호한 탐사결과를 얻을 수가 없었다는데 문제해결의 실마리를 찾았고, 초음파에너지가 매질을 투과하여 경계면에서 반사된 초음파가 측정될 수 있을 정도로 그 발생원의 에너지가 커야하며, 수진기는 성분측정능력이 탁월한 것이라야 한다는데에 그 착안의 토대를 가지고 있다.The present invention has found a clue to solving the problem by the existing ultrasonic detection system that performs ultrasonic generation and ultrasonic diagnosis at the same frequency, for example, 50 kHz, and finds a clue to solving the problem. Ultrasound energy penetrates the medium and is reflected at the interface. The energy of the source must be large enough that the ultrasonic waves can be measured, and the oscillator must have excellent component measuring ability.

본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해소하기 위한 것으로, 초음파반사법을 이용하여 기존대비 정확한 탐사결과를 획득할 수 있도록 한 콘크리트 터널라이닝의 지보구조에 대한 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-destructive inspection ultrasonic detection system for the support structure of the concrete tunnel lining to obtain the accurate detection results compared to the existing by using the ultrasonic reflection method.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 특징은 현재상태 및 탐사수치를 디스플레이하는 화면표시부와, 미리 저장된 프로그램에 따른 제어신호를 발하는 제어부와, 사용자가 누른 버튼값을 읽어들이기 위한 키입력부를 가진 제어단말기와, 상기 제어단말기로부터 수신된 제어신호에 따라서 초음파를 방사하기 위해 5개의 압전소자를 직렬로 연결하고, 그 배면에는 장치내부에서 생성될 수 있는 반사파를 감쇠시키기 위한 흡수성매질이 구비되며, 전기적 임피던스값의 정합을 위한 회로와 외부로부터 전원을 공급받기 위한 전원연결단자를 가진 초음파발생기와, 탐사대상체를 거쳐 수신된 초음파를 진단하고, 진단된 값을 상기 제어단말기로 전달하는 초음파수진기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템을 제공하는 것이다.Features of the present invention for achieving the above object is a control terminal having a display unit for displaying the current state and the exploration value, a control unit for emitting a control signal according to a pre-stored program, and a key input unit for reading the button value pressed by the user And, in order to radiate ultrasonic waves in series according to the control signal received from the control terminal, five piezoelectric elements are connected in series, and an absorbent medium for attenuating reflected waves generated inside the apparatus is provided, and an electrical impedance is provided. An ultrasonic generator having a circuit for matching values and a power connection terminal for receiving power from the outside, and an ultrasonic wave receiver for diagnosing the ultrasonic waves received through the object to be detected and delivering the diagnosed values to the control terminal. It is to provide a non-destructive inspection ultrasonic detection system characterized in that.

또한, 상기 초음파발생기 및 초음파수진기의 탐사범위는 40㎝~1m이고, 상기 초음파발생기의 주파수는 40㎑이고, 상기 초음파수진기의 주파수는 200㎑인 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the detection range of the ultrasonic generator and the ultrasonic transducer is 40cm ~ 1m, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 40kHz, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is characterized in that 200kHz.

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하도록 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템의 개략적인 구성을 나타낸 블록도로서, 초음파탐사시스템은 초음파탐사에 필요한 신호 및 데이터의 처리를 위한 제어단말기(10)와 탐사용 초음파를 발생시키는 초음파발생기(18)와 상기 초음파발생기로부터 탐사된 초음파를 수신하여 탐사대상물의 상태를 진단하는 초음파수진기(20)로 이루어져 있고, 상기 제어단말기(10)는 탐사내용과 현재상태를 디스플레이하기 위한 화면표시부(12)와 사전에 미리 저장된 프로그램에 따른 제어신호를 발하는 제어부(14)와 사용자로부터 입력된 키값을 상기 제어부로 전달하기 위한 키입력부(16)를 포함한다. 이때, 상기 초음파발생기의 사용주파수는 40㎑, 상기 초음파수진기의 사용주파수는 200㎑일 때 가장 양호한 측정치를 보였는데, 이는 큰에너지의 표면파를 효율적으로 약화시킬 수 있기 때문에 초음파 반사법탐사에서 신호대잡음비를 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 것이다.1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a non-destructive inspection ultrasonic detection system according to the present invention, the ultrasonic detection system for generating a control terminal 10 and the ultrasonic probe for processing of signals and data required for ultrasonic detection It consists of an ultrasonic generator 18 and an ultrasonic transducer 20 for diagnosing the state of the object to be detected by receiving the ultrasonic waves detected from the ultrasonic generator, the control terminal 10 is a screen display for displaying the exploration content and the current state And a control unit 14 for emitting a control signal according to a program stored in advance, and a key input unit 16 for transmitting a key value input from the user to the control unit. At this time, the use frequency of the ultrasonic generator was 40 kHz and the operating frequency of the ultrasonic transducer was 200 kHz, which showed the best measurement value. It can be greatly improved.

또한, 상기 5개의 압전소자(壓電素子; piezoelectric element)를 직렬로 연결함으로써 동일한 전압을 가하더라도 하나의 압전소자에 비해 5배의 에너지증폭효과가 발생되고, 초음파발생기의 주파수를 40㎑로 선정한 이유는 주파수가 높을 수록 전달되는 초음파에너지가 급격히 감쇠하기 때문에 흡수성이 큰 매질 예컨대, 콘크리트에서 전달되는 초음파에너지 감쇠효과를 고려함과 동시에, 측정기록에서 반 사파가 서로 중첩되지 않고 식별되도록 하기 위함이다. 즉, 실험적으로 상기 초음파발생기의 주파수가 40㎑일 때 가장 양호한 측정결과를 보였다.In addition, by connecting the five piezoelectric elements in series, even when the same voltage is applied, five times the energy amplification effect is generated compared to one piezoelectric element, and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is set to 40 Hz. The reason is that the higher the frequency, the faster the ultrasonic energy is attenuated, so that the absorbing medium, for example, considers the damping effect of the ultrasonic energy delivered from a concrete, and the reflected waves do not overlap each other in the measurement record. That is, the experimental results showed the best measurement when the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 40 kHz.

한편, 초음파탐사법에는 크게 투과탐사법과 반사탐사법이 있는데, 이를 자세히 살펴보면 다음과 같다.On the other hand, there are two types of ultrasonic detection method, transmission detection method and reflection detection method.

1)투과탐사법1) Permeation exploration method

도 2는 초음파 투과탐사법을 설명하기 위한 블록도로서, 탐사하고자 하는 콘크리트(30)의 일단에 초음파발생기(18)를 접촉하여 위치시키고, 상기 콘크리트(30)의 타단에 초음파수진기(20)를 위치시킨 후, 상기 초음파발생기(18)로부터 발생된 초음파를 상기 초음파수진기(20)에서 탐사하여 탐사대상체 즉, 상기 콘크리트(30)의 현재 상태를 측정한다.2 is a block diagram for explaining the ultrasonic permeation detection method, the ultrasonic generator 18 is placed in contact with one end of the concrete 30 to be explored, and the ultrasonic transducer 20 is positioned at the other end of the concrete 30. After that, the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator 18 is detected by the ultrasonic transducer 20 to measure the current state of the object to be explored, that is, the concrete 30.

2)반사탐사법2) Reflective exploration method

도 3은 초음파 반사탐사법을 설명하기 위한 블록도로서, 탐사하고자 하는 콘크리트(30)의 일단에 초음파발생기(18)를 접촉하여 위치시키고, 상기 초음파발생기(18)와 인접한 위치에 상기 콘크리트(30)에 접촉하여 위치시킨 후, 상기 초음파발생기(18)로부터 발생된 초음파를 상기 초음파수진기(20)에서 탐사하여 탐사대상체 즉, 상기 콘크리트(30)의 현재 상태를 측정한다.3 is a block diagram illustrating an ultrasonic reflection detection method, in which an ultrasonic generator 18 is placed in contact with one end of the concrete 30 to be explored, and the concrete 30 is positioned near the ultrasonic generator 18. After positioning in contact with the, the ultrasonic wave generated from the ultrasonic generator 18 is probed by the ultrasonic transducer 20 to measure the current state of the object to be explored, that is, the concrete (30).

본 발명에서는 상술한 반사탐사법에 의한 비파괴검사형탐사시스템으로 이용하고, 본 발명에 따른 초음파발생기의 세부적인 구조를 나타내면 다음과 같다.In the present invention, using the non-destructive inspection type detection system according to the above-described reflection detection method, showing the detailed structure of the ultrasonic generator according to the present invention are as follows.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 초음파탐사시스템의 초음파발생기의 세부구조를 나타낸 블록도로서, 초음파발생기(40)는 외부로부터 전원공급을 위한 연결단자(41)와, 임피던스정합을 위한 정합회로(42)와, 전기적 연결을 위한 한쌍의 전선(43)과, 내부장치에서의 반사파를 감쇠시키기 위한 흡수성매질(44)과, 5개가 직렬로 연결된 압전소자(45)와, 전기적 절연을 위한 절연물질(46)과, 외부의 충격으로부터 내부 구성요소를 보호하기 위한 케이스(47)를 포함하여 구성된다.Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the detailed structure of the ultrasonic generator of the ultrasonic detection system according to the present invention, the ultrasonic generator 40 is a connection terminal 41 for supplying power from the outside, matching circuit 42 for impedance matching And a pair of wires 43 for electrical connection, an absorbent medium 44 for damping reflected waves in the internal device, a piezoelectric element 45 connected in series of five, and an insulating material for electrical insulation. ) And a case 47 for protecting the internal components from external shocks.

전술한 바와 같은 본 발명의 초음파탐사시스템의 탐사범위는 반사법탐사인 경우에 있어서, 탐사대상물의 직경기준으로 40㎝에서 1m가 적합한 범위로 측정되었다.As described above, in the case of the reflection method, the detection range of the ultrasonic detection system of the present invention was measured in a suitable range of 40 cm to 1 m based on the diameter of the object to be probed.

상술한 바와 같은 본 실시예의 바람직한 양태에 따르면, 본 발명에서 제안된 40㎑의 초음파발생기와 200㎑의 초음파수진기를 이용함으로써 큰에너지의 표면파를 효율적으로 약화시킬 수 있기 때문에 초음파 반사탐사법에서 신호대 잡음비를 향상시켜 초음파 탐사효율을 획기적으로 증대시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment as described above, the signal-to-noise ratio in the ultrasonic reflection detection method can be effectively reduced because the surface wave of large energy can be efficiently attenuated by using the ultrasonic wave generator of 40 Hz and the ultrasonic wave generator proposed in the present invention. There is an advantage that can significantly increase the ultrasonic detection efficiency by improving.

Claims (2)

현재상태 및 탐사수치를 디스플레이하는 화면표시부와, 미리 저장된 프로그램에 따른 제어신호를 발하는 제어부와, 사용자가 누른 버튼값을 읽어들이기 위한 키입력부를 가진 제어단말기와,A control terminal having a screen display unit for displaying a current state and an exploration value, a control unit for generating a control signal according to a pre-stored program, a key input unit for reading a button value pressed by a user, 상기 제어단말기로부터 수신된 제어신호에 따라서 초음파를 방사하기 위해 5개의 압전소자를 직렬로 연결하고, 그 배면에는 장치내부에서 생성될 수 있는 반사파를 감쇠시키기 위한 흡수성매질이 구비되며, 전기적 임피던스값의 정합을 위한 회로와 외부로부터 전원을 공급받기 위한 전원연결단자를 가진 초음파발생기와,Five piezoelectric elements are connected in series to emit ultrasonic waves in accordance with a control signal received from the control terminal, and an absorbent medium for attenuating reflected waves that can be generated inside the device is provided on the rear side thereof, and an electrical impedance value An ultrasonic generator having a circuit for matching and a power supply terminal for receiving power from the outside, 탐사대상체를 거쳐 수신된 초음파를 진단하고, 진단된 값을 상기 제어단말기로 전달하는 초음파수진기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템.Non-destructive inspection type ultrasonic exploration system characterized in that it comprises an ultrasonic transducer for diagnosing the ultrasonic wave received through the object to be detected, and delivering the diagnostic value to the control terminal. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 초음파발생기 및 초음파수진기의 탐사범위는 40㎝~1m이고, 상기 초음파발생기의 주파수는 40㎑이고, 상기 초음파수진기의 주파수는 200㎑인 것을 특징으로 하는 비파괴검사형 초음파탐사시스템.Non-destructive testing ultrasonic detection system, characterized in that the detection range of the ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic transducer is 40cm ~ 1m, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 40kHz, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 200kHz.
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