KR100572069B1 - 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 - Google Patents
해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100572069B1 KR100572069B1 KR1020050016945A KR20050016945A KR100572069B1 KR 100572069 B1 KR100572069 B1 KR 100572069B1 KR 1020050016945 A KR1020050016945 A KR 1020050016945A KR 20050016945 A KR20050016945 A KR 20050016945A KR 100572069 B1 KR100572069 B1 KR 100572069B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- rope
- seaweed
- sea
- herb
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/78—Arrangements for sinking or mooring thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/046—Artificial reefs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 콘크리트로 된 조림초 몸체부;상기 조림초 몸체부의 상부에 복수개로 형성된 로프고정용 홈;상기 로프고정용 홈에 각각 설치되며 해조류가 부착된 로프; 및상기 로프고정용 홈의 일측에 복수개로 설치된 앙카볼트와 상기 앙카볼트에 의해 일측이 고정되고, 타측에 형성된 손잡이에 의해 탄성력을 가지고 상하로 움직이며 상기 로프고정용 홈에 설치된 로프를 중간부에 형성된 요철부에 고정하는 탄성부재를 포함하여 상기 로프를 각각 고정하는 로프 조임쇠를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 조림초 몸체부의 상부에는 복수개의 물흐름유도용 홀(hole)이 형성되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 조림초 몸체부의 하단에는 복수개의 다리가 형성되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 조림초 몸체부의 측면에는 복수개의 인공어초 연결용 고리를 돌출되게 설치한 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 조림초 몸체부의 상부에는 복수개의 인공어초 인양작업용 고리를 돌출되게 설치한 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 탄성부재는 아연도금이 된 평철로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 또는 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 조림초 몸체부는 삼각형, 사각형, 오각형, 육각형, 십자가형 중 어느 하나의 형상을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
- 제 1 항 내지 제5항 또는 제 7 항 중 어느 하나의 구조를 갖는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물을 연결부재에 의해 복수개로 연결한 것을 특징으로 하는 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020050016945A KR100572069B1 (ko) | 2005-02-28 | 2005-02-28 | 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020050016945A KR100572069B1 (ko) | 2005-02-28 | 2005-02-28 | 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR100572069B1 true KR100572069B1 (ko) | 2006-04-17 |
Family
ID=37180649
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020050016945A Expired - Lifetime KR100572069B1 (ko) | 2005-02-28 | 2005-02-28 | 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100572069B1 (ko) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100720121B1 (ko) | 2006-04-10 | 2007-05-18 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 해중림조성용 반원통상 조림초 |
| KR100797938B1 (ko) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-01-24 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 사다리꼴 주형 해중림초 구조물 |
| KR100841394B1 (ko) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-06-25 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 육각 주형 해중림초 구조물 |
| KR100868203B1 (ko) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-11-12 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 목재부착판 해중림초 |
| KR100981259B1 (ko) | 2010-04-08 | 2010-09-10 | 성오용 | 인공어초 |
| KR100996624B1 (ko) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-11-25 | 강행근 | 해중림 조성용 인공 어초 |
| CN103749349A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 山东蓝色海洋科技股份有限公司 | 一种池塘养殖海参的附着基及其建造、养殖方法 |
| KR101657439B1 (ko) | 2016-07-21 | 2016-09-19 | 이영재 | 해중림 조성용 해중림초 |
| KR102005017B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 강신중 | 해삼 어초 |
-
2005
- 2005-02-28 KR KR1020050016945A patent/KR100572069B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100720121B1 (ko) | 2006-04-10 | 2007-05-18 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 해중림조성용 반원통상 조림초 |
| KR100797938B1 (ko) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-01-24 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 사다리꼴 주형 해중림초 구조물 |
| KR100841394B1 (ko) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-06-25 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 육각 주형 해중림초 구조물 |
| KR100868203B1 (ko) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-11-12 | 대한민국(관리부서:국립수산과학원) | 목재부착판 해중림초 |
| KR100996624B1 (ko) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-11-25 | 강행근 | 해중림 조성용 인공 어초 |
| KR100981259B1 (ko) | 2010-04-08 | 2010-09-10 | 성오용 | 인공어초 |
| US8147165B2 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2012-04-03 | Oh-Yong Sung | Artificial ground reef |
| CN103749349A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 山东蓝色海洋科技股份有限公司 | 一种池塘养殖海参的附着基及其建造、养殖方法 |
| KR101657439B1 (ko) | 2016-07-21 | 2016-09-19 | 이영재 | 해중림 조성용 해중림초 |
| KR102005017B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-07-30 | 강신중 | 해삼 어초 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR100994533B1 (ko) | 자연석을 이용한 친환경 바다 숲 조성방법 | |
| KR100988360B1 (ko) | 패류의 서식 및 해중림 조성을 위한 계단형 인공어초 | |
| KR101199306B1 (ko) | 잘피 이식용 바이오 네트 | |
| CN101326894B (zh) | 一种人工藻场及其构建方法 | |
| KR200195063Y1 (ko) | 종묘부착형 인공해조초 | |
| KR20130085267A (ko) | 해중림 조성을 위한 해조류 이식방법 | |
| KR101001828B1 (ko) | 해중림 조성용 기둥형 해중림초 | |
| KR100891455B1 (ko) | 종묘부착판 및 그 부착방법 | |
| KR100572069B1 (ko) | 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 | |
| KR102487951B1 (ko) | 바다숲 조성을 위한 해조류 이식판 설치방법 | |
| KR101368195B1 (ko) | 갯녹음 복원용 해조류 착생 블럭 및 해중림 조성방법 | |
| KR100572070B1 (ko) | 조림초와 해중림 조성부재의 고정 방법 | |
| KR101722386B1 (ko) | 에이치형 해조류 이식 플레이트 | |
| KR101216298B1 (ko) | 투하고정식 양식용 구조물 | |
| KR101937093B1 (ko) | 천연 암반 해조장 복원을 위한 수중 저연승 장치 및 조성방법 | |
| KR102487941B1 (ko) | 해조류 이식용 고정장치를 이용한 해중림 조성방법 | |
| KR100998034B1 (ko) | 해중림 조성용 인공 암초 구조물 | |
| KR100720121B1 (ko) | 해중림조성용 반원통상 조림초 | |
| KR100981446B1 (ko) | 패류의 서식 및 해중림 조성을 위한 반월형 인공어초 | |
| KR102500637B1 (ko) | 수중저연승 시설물 | |
| KR100572066B1 (ko) | 해중림 조성용 조림초 구조물 | |
| KR100841394B1 (ko) | 육각 주형 해중림초 구조물 | |
| KR100797938B1 (ko) | 사다리꼴 주형 해중림초 구조물 | |
| JP2003047363A (ja) | 藻場増殖礁 | |
| KR20120042013A (ko) | 해조류 이식용 고정장치 및 이를 포함한 해중림초 구조물 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| PA0109 | Patent application |
St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A12-nap-PA0109 |
|
| PA0201 | Request for examination |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| R15-X000 | Change to inventor requested |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R15-oth-X000 |
|
| R16-X000 | Change to inventor recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R16-oth-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| R15-X000 | Change to inventor requested |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R15-oth-X000 |
|
| R16-X000 | Change to inventor recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R16-oth-X000 |
|
| A302 | Request for accelerated examination | ||
| PA0302 | Request for accelerated examination |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D17-exm-PA0302 St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D16-exm-PA0302 |
|
| N231 | Notification of change of applicant | ||
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902 |
|
| E13-X000 | Pre-grant limitation requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| PE0701 | Decision of registration |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D22-exm-PE0701 |
|
| N231 | Notification of change of applicant | ||
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
| PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
St.27 status event code: A-2-4-F10-F11-exm-PR0701 |
|
| PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-U10-U11-oth-PR1002 Fee payment year number: 1 |
|
| PG1601 | Publication of registration |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-Q10-Q13-nap-PG1601 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 4 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| P14-X000 | Amendment of ip right document requested |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-P10-P14-nap-X000 |
|
| P15-X000 | Request for amendment of ip right document rejected |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-P10-P15-nap-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 5 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 6 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R14-asn-PN2301 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 7 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20130312 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20140311 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 9 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20150211 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 10 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20160112 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 11 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| S19-X000 | Recordation of non-exclusive voluntary license cancelled |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S19-lic-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20170214 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 12 |
|
| P22-X000 | Classification modified |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20180112 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 13 |
|
| P22-X000 | Classification modified |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190125 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 14 |
|
| FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20200312 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 15 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 16 |
|
| R18-X000 | Changes to party contact information recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R18-oth-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 17 |
|
| S17-X000 | Non-exclusive voluntary license recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-S10-S17-lic-X000 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 18 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-5-5-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 19 |
|
| PC1801 | Expiration of term |
St.27 status event code: N-4-6-H10-H14-oth-PC1801 Not in force date: 20250301 Ip right cessation event data comment text: Termination Category : EXPIRATION_OF_DURATION |