KR100543186B1 - Operation method of Melter-gasifier - Google Patents
Operation method of Melter-gasifier Download PDFInfo
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- KR100543186B1 KR100543186B1 KR1020010084422A KR20010084422A KR100543186B1 KR 100543186 B1 KR100543186 B1 KR 100543186B1 KR 1020010084422 A KR1020010084422 A KR 1020010084422A KR 20010084422 A KR20010084422 A KR 20010084422A KR 100543186 B1 KR100543186 B1 KR 100543186B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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Abstract
본 발명은 신제선공정의 용융가스화로의 조업법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 석회석과 혼합된 분광을 사용한 HBI(Hot Briquetted Iron) 제조시, 첨가제로서 SiO2와 CaO를 모두 함유하고 있는 전로 슬래그를 미리 혼합하여, 용융가스화로에서 양질의 슬래그를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for operating a melt gasification furnace of a new steelmaking process, and more particularly, in the production of hot briquetted iron (HBI) using spectroscopy mixed with limestone, converter slag containing both SiO 2 and CaO as an additive. Mixing in advance, relates to a method for producing a good slag in a melt gasifier.
신제선법, 코렉스, 환원로, 용융가스화로, 제선, 제철New Steelmaking, Corex, Reduction Furnace, Melting Gas Furnace, Steel Making, Steel Making
Description
도 1은 용융가스화로에서의 슬래그 생성 경로를 설명하는 도면.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The figure explaining the slag production | generation path in a melt gasifier.
도 2는 신제선공정에서의 장입 원료 및 연료 흐름을 도시한 개념도.FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing charged raw materials and fuel flow in a new steelmaking process. FIG.
도 3은 석회석 함유 HBI 장입시 노내 압손 변화를 보여주는 그래프.3 is a graph showing the change in furnace pressure loss when charged with limestone containing HBI.
본 발명은 신제선공정의 용융가스화로의 조업법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 석회석과 혼합된 분광을 사용한 HBI(Hot Briquetted Iron) 제조시, 첨가제로서 SiO2와 CaO를 모두 함유하고 있는 전로 슬래그를 미리 혼합하여, 용융가스화로에서 양질의 슬래그를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for operating a melt gasification furnace of a new steelmaking process, and more particularly, in the production of hot briquetted iron (HBI) using spectroscopy mixed with limestone, converter slag containing both SiO 2 and CaO as an additive. Mixing in advance, relates to a method for producing a good slag in a melt gasifier.
일반적으로, 각종 환원철(DRI : Direct Reduced Iron)과 석탄을 사용하는 2단계 제선공정으로서, 신제선공정이 새로운 용선 제조 공법으로 채택되어, 조업이 수행되고 있다.In general, as a two-stage steelmaking process using various direct reduced iron (DRI) and coal, a new steelmaking process is adopted as a new molten iron manufacturing method, and the operation is performed.
현재까지 주종을 이루고 있는 용선 제조 공법은 고로(blast furnace)공정으로서, 이 공정상에는 기체, 액체, 고체의 3상이 공존하는 연화융착대가 존재하며, 이 연화융착대의 기능은 광석으로부터 용융물을 생성할 뿐만 아니라 괴상대내의 가스분배 역할도 하기 때문에 고체-기체간 열교환을 원활하게 하는 것으로, 안정된 고로 조업을 위해 그 조정이 매우 중요하다.The molten iron manufacturing method, which is mainly used up to now, is a blast furnace process, in which softening fusion zones in which three phases of gas, liquid, and solid coexist, and the function of the softening fusion zone not only generates a melt from the ore In addition, since it also serves as a gas distribution in the bulk, to facilitate the heat exchange between the solid-gas, the adjustment is very important for stable blast furnace operation.
반면에, 환원로(reduction shaft)와 용융가스화로(melter-gasifier)로 구성되는 신제선공정에는 연화융착대가 존재하지 않으므로, 그 조업이 고로에 비해 다소 단순하다.On the other hand, in the new steelmaking process consisting of a reduction shaft and a melt-gasifier, there is no softening fusion zone, so the operation is rather simple compared to the blast furnace.
용융가스화로에서는 DRI와 부원료가 각각 장입되며, 따라서 용융경로는 초기단계의 슬래그(slag) 생성시, 고로와 달리 2개의 경로를 통해 시작된다.In the melt gasifier, the DRI and the subsidiary materials are charged respectively. Therefore, the melting path is started through two paths, unlike the blast furnace, at the initial stage of slag generation.
용융가스화로에서의 슬래그 생성 경로를 설명하는 도 1을 참조하면, 1차 슬래그는 DRI내 맥석으로부터 유래하는 슬래그로서 균질하다. 반면, CaO 또는 MgO와 같은 염기성 성분으로 구성되는 융제(flux)는 챠르(char)내 애쉬(ash)에 존재하는 SiO2, Al2O3와 같은 산성 산화물에 의해 대부분 중화되어야 한다. 그러나, 부분적으로 용해된 불균일한 2차 슬래그의 융점은 상승하게 된다. Referring to FIG. 1, which illustrates the slag generation pathway in a melt gasifier, primary slag is homogeneous as slag derived from gangue in the DRI. On the other hand, fluxes consisting of basic components such as CaO or MgO must be neutralized mostly by acidic oxides such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 present in the ash in the char. However, the melting point of the partially dissolved non-uniform secondary slag will rise.
다음 단계에서, 맥석으로부터 유래된 균질한 1차 슬래그와 FeO를 함유하고 있는 불균일한 2차 슬래그는 약 1,300∼1,400℃에서 혼합된다. 또한, 동일한 온도 범위에서 아래와 같은 반응에 따라 액상의 FeO의 용융환원이 동시에 진행되어 슬래그 제조에 관여한다.In the next step, the homogeneous primary slag derived from gangue and the heterogeneous secondary slag containing FeO are mixed at about 1,300-1,400 ° C. In addition, in the same temperature range, the melt reduction of the liquid FeO proceeds simultaneously according to the following reactions and is involved in slag production.
이후, 이러한 슬래그는 용융가스화로 하부에서 연소에 의해 발생되는 애쉬(ash)와 반응하여 중화된 3차 슬래그를 형성하며, 그 염기도는 1보다 작게 된다.This slag then reacts with the ash generated by combustion at the bottom of the melt gasification furnace to form a neutralized tertiary slag, the basicity of which is less than one.
반면에, 용융환원에 의해 생성된 용융철은 슬래그로부터 분리되며, 챠르(char)와 접촉하면서 용융철내 침탄이 다음과 같은 반응에 따라 진행된다.On the other hand, molten iron produced by molten reduction is separated from slag, and carburizing in molten iron proceeds according to the following reaction while contacting with char.
침탄이 진행됨에 따라 철의 용융점은 낮아지고, 1,500℃이하의 온도에서 챠르 베드(char bed)를 통해 용융철이 적하하여, 슬래그와 함께 노상에 도달한다. As carburization proceeds, the melting point of iron is lowered, and molten iron is dropped through a char bed at a temperature of 1,500 ° C. or lower, and reaches the hearth with slag.
이에 반해, 슬래그는 약 1,500℃이상에서 적하되며, 마지막으로 염기도 1을 약간 상회하는 출선 슬래그와 비슷한 최종 슬래그는 노외로 배출되게 된다.On the contrary, slag is dropped at about 1,500 ° C or higher, and finally, final slag similar to starting slag having a slightly higher basicity of 1 is discharged out of the furnace.
도 2는 신제선공정에서의 장입 원료 및 연료 흐름을 도시한 개념도이다.FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a charging raw material and a fuel flow in a new steelmaking process. FIG.
특히, 환원철로서 HBI가 장입되면, 슬래그 생성 반응은 DRI 펠릿이 사용될 경우와 다소 달라질 수 있다.In particular, when HBI is loaded as reduced iron, the slag formation reaction may be somewhat different than when DRI pellets are used.
유동환원로에서 환원된 분광입자간 응집현상을 방지하기 위하여, 부원료로서 미리 석회석이 장입된다. In order to prevent agglomeration between the reduced spectroscopic particles in the flow reduction reactor, limestone is charged in advance as a secondary raw material.
이후, 용융로 장입물 괴성화를 위하여 유동환원로를 거쳐 나온 분 환원철과 석회석은 고온 고압하에서 HBI로 제조된다. Subsequently, the powdered iron and limestone which have passed through the flow reduction reactor for the compaction of the melting furnace charge are manufactured as HBI under high temperature and high pressure.
일반적으로, HBI 제조시 고온에서 고압이 적용되므로, HBI의 형상은 매우 견고하게 나타난다. In general, high pressures are applied at high temperatures in the manufacture of HBI, so that the shape of the HBI appears very robust.
따라서, 용융가스화로내에 HBI가 장입되면, HBI의 외곽층은 고체 금속철로 환원되어, 매우 견고한 상태로 용융로 하부까지 강하한다. Therefore, when HBI is charged into the melt gasifier, the outer layer of the HBI is reduced to solid metal iron and descends to the bottom of the furnace in a very solid state.
반면에, HBI 내부에 갇혀 있는 석회석은 그 융점이 매우 높아 석탄 연소후 발생되는 애쉬(ash)와 만나지 못하면 슬래그화될 수 없다.On the other hand, limestone trapped inside the HBI has a very high melting point and cannot be slag unless it meets the ash generated after coal combustion.
HBI 자체에 대한 제조기술은 오래 전부터 알려진 기술이며, HBI를 사용한 기술로서 대한민국 공개특허 1998-703298(명칭 : 수직로의 조업법)호가 있으나, 복합적인 HBI 제조에 관한 직접적인 기술은 개시하고 있지 않다.The manufacturing technology for the HBI itself is a technology known for a long time, and there is a Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 1998-703298 (name: vertical operation method) as a technology using the HBI, but does not disclose a direct technology for manufacturing a complex HBI.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 제반 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창안된 것으로서, 석회석과 혼합된 분광을 사용한 HBI 제조시, 첨가제로서 SiO2와 CaO를 모두 함유하고 있는 전로 슬래그를 미리 혼합하여 용융가스화로에서 양질의 슬래그를 제조하는 방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and in the production of HBI using spectroscopy mixed with limestone, a converter slag containing both SiO 2 and CaO as an additive is mixed in advance to obtain a good quality in a melt gasifier. Its purpose is to provide a method for producing slag.
본 발명의 다른 목적 및 장점들은 하기에 설명될 것이며, 본 발명의 실시에 의해 알게 될 것이다. 또한, 본 발명의 목적 및 장점들은 첨부된 특허청구범위에 나타낸 수단 및 조합에 의해 실현될 수 있다.Other objects and advantages of the invention will be described below and will be appreciated by the practice of the invention. Furthermore, the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by means and combinations indicated in the appended claims.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 용융가스화로 조업법은, 석탄과 환원철을 장입하여 선철을 생산하는 용융가스화로(Melter-gasifier)의 조업에 있어서, 분광을 사용한 HBI 제조시 첨가제로서 SiO2와 CaO를 모두 함유하고 있는 전 로 슬래그를 혼합하며, 이때, 슬래그의 CaO/SiO2 염기도의 조정 범위를 1.05∼1.10 범위로 하고, 슬래그의 복합 염기도([CaO+MgO]/[SiO2+Al2O3])의 조정 범위를 0.80∼0.90 범위로 하는 혼합비율로 혼합하며, 상기 첨가제의 중량비를 융제(flux)의 70∼100% 범위로 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the melt gasification furnace operation method of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the operation of a melter gasifier (melter-gasifier) to produce pig iron by charging coal and reduced iron, SiO as additive in the production of HBI using spectroscopy mixing the slag all over, which contains both the 2 and CaO, and, at this time, the adjustment range of the CaO / SiO 2 of the slag basicity in the range from 1.05 to 1.10, and the compound of the slag basicity ([CaO + MgO] / [ SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ]) is mixed at a mixing ratio in the range of 0.80 to 0.90, characterized in that the weight ratio of the additive is in the range of 70 to 100% of the flux.
이하, 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
융제(flux)로서 장입되는 부원료는 그 자체가 매우 높은 융점을 가지며, 애쉬(ash) 성분과 만나 제선공정에서 요구되는 유동성을 갖는 양질의 슬래그를 형성하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. The feedstock, which is charged as a flux, itself has a very high melting point and plays an important role in forming high quality slag with the ash component having the fluidity required in the steel making process.
그러나, 이 부원료가 슬래그 동화에 불충분하면, 고체상태로 용융로 하부까지 강하하여 불균질 슬래그를 생성함으로써, 출선 작업에 어려움을 줄 수도 있다.However, if this sub-material is insufficient for slag assimilation, it may be difficult to start the work by dropping down to the lower part of the melting furnace in solid state to generate heterogeneous slag.
따라서, 본 발명에서는 양질의 슬래그를 생성하기 위하여 석회석이 포함된 HBI내에 첨가제를 포함시켜 슬래그 생성 반응 효율을 높이고자 한다.Therefore, the present invention intends to increase the slag production reaction efficiency by including an additive in the HBI containing limestone in order to produce high quality slag.
본 발명에 따르면, 분광을 사용한 HBI 제조시, 첨가제로서 SiO2와 CaO를 모두 함유하고 있는 전로 슬래그를 혼합하며, 이때 슬래그의 CaO/SiO2 염기도(C/S 염기도)의 조정 범위를 1.05∼1.10 범위로 하고, 슬래그의 복합 염기도([CaO+MgO]/[SiO2+Al2O3])의 조정 범위를 0.80∼0.90 범위로 하는 혼합비율로 한다.According to the present invention, in the preparation of HBI using spectroscopy, converter slag containing both SiO 2 and CaO as an additive is mixed, wherein the adjustment range of the CaO / SiO 2 basicity (C / S basicity) of the slag is 1.05 to 1.10. in the range, and the control area of the composite basicity ([CaO + MgO] / [ SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3]) of the slag in the mixing ratio to a range from 0.80 to 0.90.
또한, 첨가제의 중량비를 융제(flux)의 70∼100% 범위로 한다.In addition, the weight ratio of the additive is in the range of 70 to 100% of the flux.
실시예Example
하기 표 1은 1,300℃에서 염기도 변화에 따른 슬래그에 대한 용융 특성을 나타낸다.Table 1 below shows the melting characteristics for slag with basicity change at 1,300 ° C.
표 1을 참조하면, C/S 염기도가 1.20으로 출선 슬래그와 비슷한 시료 1은 1,300℃에서도 부분적으로 용융되고 있으며, 1,400℃에서는 완전히 용융된다. Referring to Table 1, Sample 1, which has a C / S basicity of 1.20 and is similar to the starting slag, is partially melted at 1,300 ° C and completely melted at 1,400 ° C.
그러나, C/S 염기도가 1.5를 넘으면 1,300℃에서는 용융되지 않는다. 특히, C/S 염기도가 1.5를 넘으면 그 용융온도가 매우 높아진다. 따라서 용융로 내부에서 노열 부족으로 인하여 슬래그 동화가 불충분하면, 유동성이 불량한 고염기도 슬래그가 노내에 잔존하여 출재 작업에 어려움을 줄 수 있다. However, if the C / S basicity exceeds 1.5, it does not melt at 1,300 ° C. In particular, when the C / S basicity exceeds 1.5, the melting temperature becomes very high. Therefore, if slag assimilation is insufficient due to lack of heat in the furnace, high base fluids with poor fluidity may also have difficulty in exhibiting the slag due to remaining in the furnace.
다음으로, 하기 표 2는 본 발명의 실시예에서 사용된 장입물의 조성을 나타낸다. Next, Table 2 below shows the composition of the charges used in the examples of the present invention.
이를 참조하면, HBI내에는 석회석이 미리 혼합되어 있으며, 석탄으로부터 유래되는 애쉬(ash)에는 상당량의 SiO2와 Al2O3가 포함되어 있다. 그리고, 백운석에는 MgO가 함유되어 있다. 한편, 전로 슬래그에는 상당량의 CaO와 SiO2가 포함되어 있어 슬래그 생성에 유리하다.Referring to this, limestone is premixed in HBI, and ash derived from coal contains a considerable amount of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . Dolomite contains MgO. On the other hand, converter slag contains a considerable amount of CaO and SiO 2 , which is advantageous for slag generation.
나아가, 다음의 표 3은 HBI내 첨가제 사용비율에 따른 슬래그 제조 거동의 관계를 나타낸다.Furthermore, the following Table 3 shows the relationship of slag production behavior according to the additive usage ratio in HBI.
표 3을 참조하면, 첨가제가 첨가되지 않으면, 3차 슬래그 생성온도인 1,400℃에서 전혀 슬래그가 생성되지 않는다. Referring to Table 3, if no additive is added, no slag is produced at 1,400 ° C., which is the third slag generation temperature.
이는 도 3에 나타낸 바와 같이, 온도 변화에 따른 노내 압손 변화에서도 불리하게 나타나, 고온에서 슬래그 유동성 불량으로 압손이 높게 나타난다. 그러나, 첨가제 사용량이 중량비로 용제(flux)의 70%이상이면, 슬래그 제조 특성이 양호하게 된다. As shown in FIG. 3, this is also disadvantageous in the furnace pressure loss due to temperature change, and the pressure loss is high due to poor slag fluidity at high temperature. However, when the additive amount is 70% or more of the flux by weight, the slag production characteristics are good.
이상과 같이, 본 발명은 비록 한정된 실시예와 도면에 의해 설명되었으나, 본 발명은 이것에 의해 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해, 본 발명의 기술사상과 아래에 기재될 특허청구범위의 균등범위 내에서 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능함은 물론이다.As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated by the limited embodiment and drawing, this invention is not limited by this, The person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the claims to be described below.
본 발명에 따르면, 석탄과 환원철이 장입되어 선철을 생산하는 용융가스화로 에서, 분광을 사용한 HBI 제조시 첨가제로서 전로 슬래그를 미리 혼합하여 양질의 슬래그를 제조함으로써, 안정적인 용융가스화로 조업이 가능해지고, 자원 재활용 측면에서 폐기되고 있는 전로 스래그를 활용할 수 있는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention, in the molten gasification furnace in which coal and reduced iron are charged to produce pig iron, a high quality slag is prepared by pre-mixing the converter slag as an additive in the production of HBI using spectroscopy, thereby enabling stable molten gasification operation. In terms of resource recycling, the converter slag that is being discarded can be utilized.
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| KR20000040622A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-07-05 | 이구택 | Method for working by fluidity management of slag in blast furnace |
| JP2000274646A (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-03 | Nkk Plant Engineering Corp | Melting method for coal ash and fly ash of refuse incineration |
| KR20010081057A (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-08-25 | 고지마 마타오 | Gasification melting furnace for wastes and gasification malting method |
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| KR20000040622A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-07-05 | 이구택 | Method for working by fluidity management of slag in blast furnace |
| KR20010081057A (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-08-25 | 고지마 마타오 | Gasification melting furnace for wastes and gasification malting method |
| JP2000274646A (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-03 | Nkk Plant Engineering Corp | Melting method for coal ash and fly ash of refuse incineration |
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