KR100517195B1 - A family of zero-voltage switching PWM DC-DC converters with soft switched auxiliary switch - Google Patents
A family of zero-voltage switching PWM DC-DC converters with soft switched auxiliary switch Download PDFInfo
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- KR100517195B1 KR100517195B1 KR10-2002-0080744A KR20020080744A KR100517195B1 KR 100517195 B1 KR100517195 B1 KR 100517195B1 KR 20020080744 A KR20020080744 A KR 20020080744A KR 100517195 B1 KR100517195 B1 KR 100517195B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 영전압 천이(Zero-Voltage Transition) 펄스폭 변조(Pulse Width Modulation)방식의 DC-DC 컨버터에서 일반적으로 사용되는 강제 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 소프트 스위칭 방식으로 스위칭 시키도록 하는 소프트 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 갖는 영전압 스위칭 PWM 방식의 DC-DC 전력변환기에 관한 것이다.The present invention provides a soft switching method of switching an auxiliary switch of a forced switching method, which is generally used in a zero-voltage transition pulse-width modulation DC-DC converter, to a soft switching method. The present invention relates to a DC-DC power converter of a zero voltage switching PWM method having an auxiliary switch.
이러한 본 발명은 영전압 천이 펄스폭 변조 방식의 직류-직류 컨버터에 있어서, 주 스위치와 필터 인덕터사이에 역저지 다이오드를 직렬 연결하고, 상기 주 스위치와 병렬 연결된 보조 스위치와 공진 인덕터 사이에 역저지 다이오드를 직렬 연결함으로써 이루어지는 것으로, 영전류 조건에서 스위칭하기 때문에 스위칭 손실이 제거되는 한편 주 스위치의 영전압 스위칭, PWM에 의한 일정 주파수 제어 등의 장점을 그대로 유지하여 DC-DC 컨버터의 전력변환 효율을 높일 수 있다.The present invention relates to a zero voltage shift pulse width modulation type DC-DC converter, in which a reverse blocking diode is connected in series between a main switch and a filter inductor, and a reverse blocking diode between an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor connected in parallel with the main switch. It is achieved by series connection, and the switching loss is eliminated by switching in zero current condition, while maintaining the advantages of zero voltage switching of main switch, constant frequency control by PWM, etc., to increase power conversion efficiency of DC-DC converter. Can be.
Description
본 발명은 영전압 천이(Zero-Voltage Transition: 이하 ZVT라 칭함) 펄스폭 변조(Pulse Width Modulation: 이하 PWM 이라 칭함)방식의 DC-DC 컨버터에서 일반적으로 사용되는 강제 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 소프트 스위칭 방식(영전류 혹은 영전압 상태에서 스위칭하여 이론적으로 스위칭 손실이 영이 되게 하는 방식)으로 스위칭 시키도록 하는 소프트 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 갖는 영전압 스위칭 PWM 방식의 DC-DC 전력변환기에 관한 것이다.The present invention soft-switches an auxiliary switch of a forced switching type commonly used in a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) pulse-width modulation (PWM) type DC-DC converter. The present invention relates to a zero-voltage switching PWM DC-DC power converter having a soft switching auxiliary switch for switching in a zero current or zero voltage state so that the switching loss is theoretically zero.
전력변환기기의 소형화, 경량화를 실현하기 위하여 PWM 방식의 DC-DC 컨버터를 고속의 스위칭 주파수로 동작시킬 때, 이로 인한 손실은 주파수에 비례하여 커지게 되지만 공진형 컨버터의 사용으로 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있으나, 상기된 공진형 컨버터는 정현파 전류, 전압에 의하여 스위치를 구동하는 방식이므로 스위치의 전류, 전압 스트레스가 증가하고 결과적으로 전도손실의 증가를 초래하는 것은 피할 수 없다.When PWM type DC-DC converter is operated at high switching frequency to realize miniaturization and light weight of power conversion equipment, the loss caused by this is increased in proportion to frequency, but can be significantly reduced by using resonant converter. However, the resonant converter described above is a method of driving the switch by sinusoidal current and voltage, so that the current and voltage stress of the switch increase and consequently an increase in conduction loss cannot be avoided.
이러한 손실을 줄이기 위하여 도 2 에 도시된 바와 같은 기존의 ZVT PWM 승압형(Boost) 컨버터는 공진형 컨버터의 영전류, 영전압 스위칭으로 인한 전도손실과 PWM 컨버터의 강제 스위칭으로 인한 스위칭 손실을 최소화할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 종래의 PWM 컨버터와 마찬가지로 시비율(Duty ratio)에 의한 제어가 가능하다는 장점을 갖추고 있다.In order to reduce such losses, the conventional ZVT PWM boost converter as shown in FIG. 2 minimizes the conduction loss due to zero current and zero voltage switching of the resonant converter and the switching loss due to forced switching of the PWM converter. In addition to the conventional PWM converter, it is possible to control by duty ratio.
한편, 상기된 공진형 컨버터들은 전력을 전달하는 주 스위치(1) 이외에도 보조 스위치(2)가 추가되어 주 스위치(1)의 턴-온 보조스위치(2)와 공진인덕터(3) 및 공진 캐패시터(4)로 구성된 공진회로를 동작시켜 주 스위치(1)의 소프트 스위칭을 가능하게 하지만, 보조 스위치(2)의 턴-오프 및 이와 동시에 동작하는 보조 다이오드(5)의 턴-온은 강제 스위칭 조건에서 동작됨에 따라, 이로 인한 스위칭 손실이 계속 발생하는 문제가 있다.On the other hand, the resonant converter described above, in addition to the main switch 1 for transmitting power, an auxiliary switch 2 is added to the turn-on auxiliary switch 2 of the main switch 1, the resonant inductor 3 and the resonant capacitor ( Although the resonant circuit composed of 4) is operated to enable soft switching of the main switch 1, the turn-off of the auxiliary switch 2 and the turn-on of the auxiliary diode 5 operating at the same time are performed under a forced switching condition. As it is operated, there is a problem that the resulting switching losses continue to occur.
본 발명은 기존의 ZVT PWM 컨버터에서 사용되는 강제 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 소프트 스위칭 방식으로 스위칭시키도록 함으로써 스위칭 손실을 제거할 수 있도록 하는 것으로, 기존 방식의 장점인 주 스위치의 영전압 스위칭, 시비율 제어와 같은 장점들을 함께 갖추는 것이다.The present invention is to enable the switching of the forced switch type auxiliary switch used in the existing ZVT PWM converter to soft switching method to eliminate the switching loss, the zero voltage switching, the ratio of the main switch, which is an advantage of the existing method It has the same advantages as control.
이러한 본 발명은 영전압 천이 펄스폭 변조 방식의 직류-직류 컨버터에 있어서, 주 스위치와 필터 인덕터사이에 역저지 다이오드를 직렬 연결하고, 상기 주 스위치와 병렬 연결된 보조 스위치와 공진 인덕터 사이에 역저지 다이오드를 직렬 연결함으로써 이루어지는 것으로, 영전류 조건에서 스위칭하기 때문에 스위칭 손실이 제거되는 한편 주 스위치의 영전압 스위칭, PWM에 의한 일정 주파수 제어 등의 장점을 그대로 유지하여 DC-DC 컨버터의 전력변환 효율을 높일 수 있는 것이다.The present invention relates to a zero voltage shift pulse width modulation type DC-DC converter, in which a reverse blocking diode is connected in series between a main switch and a filter inductor, and a reverse blocking diode between an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor connected in parallel with the main switch. It is achieved by series connection, and the switching loss is eliminated by switching in zero current condition, while maintaining the advantages of zero voltage switching of main switch, constant frequency control by PWM, etc., to increase power conversion efficiency of DC-DC converter. It can be.
본 발명은 도 1 에서 나타낸 바와 같이 기존의 ZVT PWM 승압형 컨버터와 마찬가지로 필터 인덕터(9), 주 스위치(1), 주 다이오드(8), 필터 캐패시터(10)로 이루어진 승압형 PWM 컨버터의 기본 회로에 보조 스위치(2), 공진 인덕터(3), 공진 캐패시터(4) 및 주 스위치(1)와 보조 스위치(2)에 직렬로 연결된 역저지 다이오드(5, 6)를 설치함으로써 이루어진다.As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is similar to a conventional ZVT PWM boost converter, and includes a basic circuit of a boost PWM converter including a filter inductor 9, a main switch 1, a main diode 8, and a filter capacitor 10. This is achieved by providing the auxiliary switch 2, the resonant inductor 3, the resonant capacitor 4, and the reverse blocking diodes 5 and 6 connected in series with the main switch 1 and the auxiliary switch 2.
즉, 본 발명은 필터 인덕터(9)에 주 스위치(1)와 보조 스위치(2) 및 공진 캐패시터(4)를 직렬 연결하되 상기 주 스위치(1)와 보조 스위치(2) 및 공진 캐패시터(4)를 병렬 연결하고, 상기 주 스위치(1)와 보조 스위치(2)에 역저지 다이오드(5, 6)를 직렬 연결시킴으로써 구성된다.That is, in the present invention, the main switch 1, the auxiliary switch 2, and the resonant capacitor 4 are connected in series to the filter inductor 9, but the main switch 1, the auxiliary switch 2, and the resonant capacitor 4 are connected in series. Are connected in parallel, and the reverse blocking diodes 5 and 6 are connected in series to the main switch 1 and the auxiliary switch 2.
이때 역저지 다이오드(6)는 공진 인덕터(3)와 보조 스위치(2)사이에 직렬 연결하고, 주 다이오드(8)와 필터 캐패시터(10)는 직렬 연결하여 구성한다.In this case, the reverse blocking diode 6 is connected in series between the resonant inductor 3 and the auxiliary switch 2, and the main diode 8 and the filter capacitor 10 are connected in series.
이러한 구성의 본 발명에서 주 스위치(1)가 영전압 조건에서 턴-온 하기 위하여, 먼저, 보조 스위치(2)가 주 스위치(1)에 비하여 상당히 짧은 시간동안 턴-온 및 턴-오프 하게 되며, 보조 스위치(2)가 턴-온 상태를 유지하는 구간에서 초기값(출력전압)을 가지고 있는 공진 캐패시터(4)와 공진 인덕터(3)는 공진을 시작하게 된다.In this embodiment of the present invention, in order for the main switch 1 to turn on in the zero voltage condition, first, the auxiliary switch 2 is turned on and off for a considerably short time compared to the main switch 1. In the period where the auxiliary switch 2 maintains the turn-on state, the resonance capacitor 4 and the resonance inductor 3 having the initial value (output voltage) start resonance.
이 때, 발생되는 공진 캐패시터 전압은 양의 전압에서 음의 전압으로 여현파의 형태로 변하게 되며 공진 전압이 음이 되면 역저지 다이오드(5)에 공진 전압이 모두 걸리기 때문에 주 스위치(1)에 턴-온 신호가 인가되면 영전압 조건에서 턴-온하게 된다.At this time, the generated resonant capacitor voltage is changed from positive voltage to negative voltage in the form of a cosine wave, and when the resonance voltage becomes negative, all the resonant voltage is applied to the reverse blocking diode 5 so that the main switch 1 is turned on. When a -on signal is applied, it is turned on under zero voltage conditions.
한편, 공진 인덕터 전류는 선형적으로 영에서부터 변하게 되므로, 보조 스위치(2)는 영전류에서 턴-온 하게 되며, 공진에 의하여 공진 인덕터 전류가 음이 되면 역저지 다이오드(6)에 의하여 보조 스위치(2)에 흐르는 전류는 영이 되므로 이 때, 턴-오프 신호를 인가하면, 보조 스위치(2)는 영전류 조건에서 스위칭 되게 된다.On the other hand, since the resonant inductor current linearly changes from zero, the auxiliary switch 2 is turned on at zero current, and when the resonant inductor current becomes negative by resonance, the auxiliary switch (6) Since the current flowing in 2) becomes zero, at this time, when the turn-off signal is applied, the auxiliary switch 2 is switched under the zero current condition.
부하(R)에 에너지를 전달하기 위하여 주 스위치(1)에 턴-오프 신호가 인가되면, 공진 캐패시터(4)의 전압은 영에서부터 출력전압까지 선형적으로 변하게 되므로 주 스위치(1)는 영전압 조건에서 턴-오프 된다.When a turn-off signal is applied to the main switch 1 to transfer energy to the load R, the voltage of the resonant capacitor 4 changes linearly from zero to the output voltage, so the main switch 1 is zero voltage. It is turned off in the condition.
여기에서 주 다이오드(8)는 공진 인덕터(3)에 의하여 영전류에서 턴-오프 되고 공진 캐패시터(4)에 의하여 영전압에서 턴-온 되게 된다.Here, the main diode 8 is turned off at zero current by the resonant inductor 3 and turned on at zero voltage by the resonant capacitor 4.
주 스위치(1)를 중심으로 보조 스위치(2), 공진 소자(공진 인덕터(3), 공진 캐패시터(4)), 역저지 다이오드(5)(6)로 이루어진 회로구조(7)는 DC-DC 컨버터를 구성하는 셀(Cell)로서 취급될 수 있으며, 이 셀은 도 3 에서 나타낸 것처럼 기본적인 DC-DC 컨버터인 Buck(10), Boost(20), Buck-boost(30), Cuk(40), Sepic(50), Zeta(60) 컨버터로의 적용이 가능하며, 도 1 의 컨버터와 동일한 장점을 갖게 된다.The circuit structure 7 including the auxiliary switch 2, the resonant element (resonant inductor 3, resonant capacitor 4), and reverse blocking diodes 5 and 6 around the main switch 1 is DC-DC. It can be treated as a cell constituting the converter, which is a basic DC-DC converter Buck (10), Boost (20), Buck-boost (30), Cuk (40), as shown in FIG. It can be applied to Sepic (50), Zeta (60) converter, and has the same advantages as the converter of FIG.
본 발명은 ZVT PWM 방식의 DC-DC 컨버터에서 일반적으로 사용되는 강제 스위칭 방식의 보조 스위치를 소프트 스위칭 방식으로 개선한 스위칭 DC-DC 컨버터의 회로구조이며, 보조 스위치에서 발생되는 스위칭 손실을 제거할 수 있다.The present invention is a circuit structure of a switching DC-DC converter which is a soft switching method of the auxiliary switch of the forced switching method commonly used in ZVT PWM DC-DC converter, and can eliminate the switching loss generated in the auxiliary switch. have.
또한, 본 발명은 기존 방식의 장점인 주 스위치의 영전압 스위칭, PWM에 의한 일정 주파수 제어 등의 장점을 그대로 유지하고 있기 때문에 기존 방식에 비하여 전력변환효율을 높일 수 있다.In addition, since the present invention maintains the advantages of the conventional switch, such as zero voltage switching of the main switch, constant frequency control by PWM, it is possible to increase the power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional method.
특히, 배터리를 전원으로 사용하는 발사체 및 위성체의 탑재장비를 위한 전력변환기나 배터리 충/방전기의 경우, 응용분야의 특수성으로 인하여 소형화 및 경량화에 대한 요구가 지상장비에 적용되는 전력변환기에 비하여 강하기 때문에 이러한 분야에 본 발명의 DC-DC 컨버터가 용이하게 사용된다.In particular, in the case of a power converter or a battery charger / discharger for a vehicle equipped with a projectile and a satellite that uses a battery as a power source, the demand for miniaturization and light weight is stronger than that of a ground power converter due to the specificity of the application field. In this field, the DC-DC converter of the present invention is easily used.
도 1 은 본 발명의 실시예 회로도1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2 는 기존의 영전압 천이(ZCT) 펄스폭 변조(PWM) 컨버터의 회로도2 is a circuit diagram of a conventional zero voltage transition (ZCT) pulse width modulation (PWM) converter.
도 3 은 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예 회로도3 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
[도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명][Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]
1 : 주 스위치 2 : 보조 스위치1: main switch 2: auxiliary switch
3 : 공진 인덕터 4 : 공진 캐패시터3: resonant inductor 4: resonant capacitor
5, 6 : 역저지 다이오드 8 : 주 다이오드5, 6: reverse blocking diode 8: main diode
9 : 필터 인덕터 10 : 필터 캐패시터9: filter inductor 10: filter capacitor
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KR101376844B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2014-04-01 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Power factor correction circuit and power supply having the same |
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KR101152118B1 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2012-06-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Driving apparatus of display device and dc-dc converter |
KR101023576B1 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-03-21 | 청주대학교 산학협력단 | High efficiency switching power supplies and high efficiency soft switching half-bridge dc-dc converter thereof |
EP2787617B1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-11-04 | ABB Research Ltd. | Active snubber topology |
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KR101376844B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2014-04-01 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Power factor correction circuit and power supply having the same |
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