US20220094274A1 - Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger - Google Patents

Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20220094274A1
US20220094274A1 US17/543,919 US202117543919A US2022094274A1 US 20220094274 A1 US20220094274 A1 US 20220094274A1 US 202117543919 A US202117543919 A US 202117543919A US 2022094274 A1 US2022094274 A1 US 2022094274A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sic
converter
mode
sic mosfet
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US17/543,919
Inventor
Kaushik Rajashekara
Parthasarathy Nayak
Sumit Kumar Pramanick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Houston System
Original Assignee
University of Houston System
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Houston System filed Critical University of Houston System
Priority to US17/543,919 priority Critical patent/US20220094274A1/en
Assigned to UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON SYSTEM reassignment UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PRAMANICK, Sumit Kumar, NAYAK, PARTHASARATHY, RAJASHEKARA, KAUSHIK
Publication of US20220094274A1 publication Critical patent/US20220094274A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/297—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal for conversion of frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4241—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a resonant converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0087—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration adapted for receiving as input a current source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 11 during V2G mode.
  • M 1b is turned off.
  • grid current flows through M 4b , M 3b and diodes of M 4a and M 4a respectively.
  • This switching cycle reverses the direction of current flowing through the leakage inductor (L k ).
  • Mode 9 to Mode 12 are continued until M 5 and M 6 are in the on-state in the secondary side. Once M 7 and M 8 are turned on, the switching cycles described above are reversed. In a similar fashion, the switching of the devices are carried out for V in ⁇ 0. As described above, all devices on the primary side undergo ZCS.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

A single phase single stage level-1 electric vehicle (EV) battery charger can control the power flow in both directions. The converter efficiency is high as the devices undergo ZCS which reduces switching loss in the devices. This converter does not require any intermediate DC link capacitor stage and the power density of the converter is high.

Description

    BACKGROUND
  • This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/638,620, entitled “Single Phase Single Stage Bi-Directional Level 1 Electric Vehicle Battery Charger,” filed Feb. 12, 2020, which is a 371 National Stage Patent Application of and claims priority to International Application No. PCT/US2018/044930, filed Aug. 2, 2018, which claims benefit and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/546,955, entitled “Single Phase Single Stage Bi-Directional Level 1 Electric Vehicle Battery Charger,” filed Aug. 17, 2017, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • This disclosure pertains to an electric vehicle (EV) battery charging application.
  • The electrification of transportation has significantly increased in recent times to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. Electric vehicles (EVs) are gradually replacing the conventional internal combustion engine based vehicles. However, the increasing penetration of these EVs can have a considerable impact on the grid. Thus the chargers used for charging the batteries should have additional features like power factor correction (PFC) controllers and bidirectional power flow capabilities to minimize the impact of power quality on the grid.
  • Commercially available single-phase isolated AC-DC EV battery chargers can be classified into two-stage solution and single-stage solution. The two stage solution consists of a front-end PFC stage. It is followed by an isolated DC-DC stage. The frontend stage employs diode bridge rectifiers followed by a boost, buck, or buck-boost stages. Large storage elements like electrolytic capacitors are required to link these two stages. The main advantage of this two-stage solution is that the output voltage regulation and PFC control are decoupled. Thus, the PFC performance can always be ensured despite the change in input AC voltage and load power. This PFC operation enhances the power quality of the grid. Nevertheless, this two-stage solution suffers from low overall efficiency due to more number of devices. Moreover, the converter power density is limited because of the two separate stages and bulky DC link capacitors.
  • The alternative solution is to develop single stage AC-DC converters. The fly back converters are selected to achieve cost-effective designs because theoretically only one active switch is necessary. However, they are only suitable for lower power level because of the high-voltage and current stresses on the devices. For high-power rating single stage AC-DC converters, full bridge (FB) type topologies are preferred. In the resonant type FB and dual active bridge type FB AC-DC converters, the output voltage regulation is realized either by changing the switching frequency or by shifting the phase angle between the two bridges. These converters only use capacitors as the output filter. Thus, the voltage rating of the capacitors is lower. However, the main disadvantage of these converters is the nonlinear relation between the control parameters and the input current. Even if a complex control algorithm is applied, the grid current total harmonics distortion (THD) is large compared to conventional two-stage solution.
    • SUMMARY
  • The present disclosure relates generally to a battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs), and particularly to a single stage single phase power converter for EV charging application.
  • In preferred embodiments, the AC side of the proposed converter has a current-fed full bridge matrix converter that is connected to another full-bridge converter on a secondary side of a high-frequency (HF) transformer. The advantages of the proposed EV charger are its bidirectional power flow capabilities, inherent power factor correction (PFC) control, the fact that intermediate DC link capacitors are not required, soft switching capabilities in both primary and secondary side switches, improved grid current quality due to input line inductor, and the fact that the power density and efficiency of the converter is high.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows converter topology for a preferred embodiment of a single phase, single stage level-1 bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charger.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 1 of operation during grid to vehicle (G2V) mode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 2 of operation during G2V mode.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 3 of operation during G2V mode.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 4 of operation during G2V mode.
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 9 of operation during vehicle to grid (V2G) mode.
  • FIG. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 10 of operation during V2G mode.
  • FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 11 of operation during V2G mode.
  • FIG. 9 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 12 of operation during V2G mode.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The present disclosure relates to a single phase, single stage level-1 electric vehicle (EV) charger. The single phase single stage level-1 EV battery charger can control the power flow in both directions. Preferred switching sequences of the devices are also described. The converter efficiency is high as the devices undergo ZCS which reduces switching loss in the devices. This converter does not require any intermediate DC link capacitor stage. As an advantage, the power density of the converter is high.
  • FIG. 1 shows converter topology for a preferred embodiment of a single phase, single stage level-1 bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charger having inherent PFC control. The primary AC side includes 8 silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) labeled M1a to M4b and the secondary side includes 4 SiC MOSFETs labeled M5 to M8. The converter develops a high frequency AC in the primary side of the isolating transformer, operating as a cycloconverter. It is then rectified in the secondary side to generate DC voltage. Similar operation is conducted in reverse direction for reverse power flow. Zero current switching (ZCS) is achieved with the help of a resonating circuit that includes leakage inductance (Lk) of the transformer and an external capacitor (Ck).
  • The converter topology shown in FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment that can be extended to various applications. The proposed topology can be extended for grid integration of photovoltaic cells. It can operate independently in both grid connected mode and islanded mode. The proposed EV charger topology can also be extended for bidirectional power flow with a three phase operation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter during mode of operation that is grid to vehicle (G2V) mode. In this mode, which may be referred to as Mode 1, power is transferred from the input source (Vin) to the battery (Vbat). For G2V operation, active switching is conducted in the primary side and the secondary side devices are operated as a diode bridge rectifier. For positive input voltage (Vin>0), the operation can be divided from Mode 1 to Mode 4. Similarly, the operation can be divided from Mode 5 to Mode 8 for Vin<0. In this mode M1a, M2a are kept on and M1b and M2b are kept off. As a result, the input current flows from the source (Vin) to leakage inductor (Lk) and capacitor (Ck) through M1a, M2a and diodes of M1b and M2b. In the secondary side, diodes of M5 and M6 conduct to charge the battery (Vbat).
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 2 of G2V mode. In Mode 2, Device M4a is turned on and then M2a is turned off. As a result, ZCS occurs for M2a. In this case, the input current (Iin) freewheels through M1a, M4a and diodes of M1b and M4b. The capacitor Ck and inductor Lk starts resonating. This resonance causes the leakage current through Lk to reach input current level. As a result, a voltage spike does not appear across the primary device. In other words, the Ck acts as a snubber capacitor. It helps in arresting the voltage overshoot caused due to the current mismatch between the leakage inductor and line inductor. At the end of Mode 2, M3a is turned on. It exhibits ZCS turn-on.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 3 during G2V mode. In Mode 3, M1a is turned off. The input current flows through M3a, M4a and diodes of M3b and M4b. The current direction reverses in the leakage inductor Lk and Ck. In the secondary side, diodes of M7 and M8 conduct to charge the battery (Vbat).
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 4 during G2V mode. In this mode, M2a is turned on and then M4a is turned off. As a result M4a experiences ZCS turn-off. In this case, the input current (Iin) freewheels through M3a and M2a. The capacitor Ck and inductor Lk starts resonating. This resonance causes the leakage current through Lk to reach input current level similar to Mode 2. As a result, a voltage spike does not appear across the primary device. This helps in arresting the voltage overshoot caused due to the current mismatch between the leakage inductor and line inductor. At the end of Mode 3, M1a is turned on. It exhibits ZCS turn-on.
  • During Vin>0, Mia, M2a, M3a and M4a exhibit ZCS. In a similar fashion, Mode 5 to Mode 8 can also be explained. Here M1b, M2b, M3b and M4b exhibit ZCS. It is important to notice that Ck continues to conduct current even if Vbat>Vin. As a result, there is a path for the input current to flow at every switching condition. This phenomena ensures PFC for all loading conditions.
  • In vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, power is transferred from the battery (Vbat) to the grid (Vin). For V2G operation, battery side devices are switched in square wave mode and three level sine triangle pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching is conducted for the grid side devices. For positive input voltage (Vin>0), the operation can be divided from Mode 9 to Mode 12. Similarly, the operation can be divided from Mode 13 to Mode 16 for Vin<0. For V2G operation, the resonating capacitor Ck is removed from the circuit through a contactor.
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 9 during V2G mode. In this mode, M5 and M6 in the secondary side are kept on. The grid current flows through M1b, M2b and diodes of M1a and M2a.
  • FIG. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 10 during V2G mode. In Mode 10, M4b is turned on. As a result, the grid current freewheels through M4b, M1b and diodes of M1a and M4a. M2b is turned off once the grid current is completely transferred to the freewheeling branch exhibiting ZCS turn-off. At the end of this mode M3b is turned on. M3b experiences ZCS turn on as there is no current through it.
  • FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 11 during V2G mode. In Mode 11, M1b is turned off. As a consequence, grid current flows through M4b, M3b and diodes of M4a and M4a respectively. This switching cycle reverses the direction of current flowing through the leakage inductor (Lk).
  • FIG. 9 shows a preferred embodiment of a converter in Mode 12 during V2G mode. At the end of mode 11, M2b is turned on again. The grid current again freewheels through M2b, M3b and diodes of M2a and M3a. After the transfer of grid current to the freewheeling branch, M4b is turned off. It exhibits ZCS turn-off.
  • Mode 9 to Mode 12 are continued until M5 and M6 are in the on-state in the secondary side. Once M7 and M8 are turned on, the switching cycles described above are reversed. In a similar fashion, the switching of the devices are carried out for Vin<0. As described above, all devices on the primary side undergo ZCS.
    • REFERENCES
  • The following documents and publications are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • F. Jauch and J. Biela, “Single-phase single-stage bidirectional isolated ZVS ac-dc converter with PFC,” in Proc. 15th Int. Power Electron. Motion Control Conf., 2012, pp. S1d-S5d.
  • H. S. Athab, D. D. C. Lu, A. Yazdani, and W. Bin, “An efficient singleswitch quasi-active PFC converter with continuous input current and low dc-bus voltage stress,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1735-1749, April 2014.
  • C. Li, Y. Zhang, and D. Xu, “Soft-switching single stage isolated ac-dc converter for single-phase high power PFC applications,” in Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Power Electron. ECCE Asia, 2015, pp. 1103-1108.
  • R. Watson and F. C. Lee, “A soft-switched, full-bridge boost converter employing an active-clamp circuit,” in Proc. 27th Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1996, pp. 1948-1954.
  • C. Qiao and K. M. Smedley, “A topology survey of single-stage power factor corrector with a boost type input-current-shaper,” in Proc. 15th Annu. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2000, pp. 460-467.
  • M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, P. Jain, A. Bakhshai, and G. Moschopoulos, “A self sustained oscillation controlled three level ac-dc single stage converter,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2012, pp. 1172-1178.
  • M. Z. Youssef and P. K. Jain, “Analysis and design of a compact single stage ac-dc resonant converter with high power factor,” in Proc. Can. Conf. Elect. Comput. Eng., 2007, pp. 702-705.
  • S. Dusmez, X. Li, and B. Akin, “A fully integrated three-level isolated single-stage PFC converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 2050-2062, April 2015.
  • S. Guo, X. Ni, K. Tan, and A. Q. Huang, “Operation principles of bidirectional isolated ac/dc converter with natural clamping soft switching scheme,” in Proc. 40th Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc., 2014, pp. 4866-4872.
  • H. S. Ribeiro and B. Vieira Borges, “Solving technical problems on the full-bridge single-stage PFCs,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2264-2277, May 2014.
  • H. Pinheiro, P. Jain, and G. E. Z. Joos, “Self-oscillating resonant ac/dc converter topology for input power-factor correction,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 692-702, August 1999.
  • P. K. Jain, J. E. R. Espinoza, and N. Ismail, “A single-stage zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge dc power supply with extended load power range,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 261-270, Apr. 1999.
  • J. Chen, R. Chen, and T. Liang, “Study and implementation of a single-stage current-fed boost PFC converter with ZCS for high voltage applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 379-386, January 2008.
  • B. Singh, B. N. Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-Haddad, A. Pandey, and D. P. Kothari, “A review of single-phase improved power quality ac-dc converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 962-981, October 2003.
  • D. Gautam, F. Musavi, M. Edington, W. Eberle, and W. G. Dunford, “An automotive on-board 3.3 kW battery charger for PHEV application,” in Proc. 2011 IEEE Veh. Power Propulsion Conf., 2011, pp. 1-6.
  • N. Weise and L. Doiron, “DQ current control of a bidirectional, isolated single-stage ac-dc converter,” in Proc. 29th Annu. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2014, pp. 1888-1893.
  • G. Xu, D. Sha, and X. Liao, “Input-series and output-parallel connected single stage buck type modular ac-dc converters with high-frequency isolation,” IET Power Electron., vol. 8, pp. 1295-1304, 2015.
  • W. Zhu, K. Zhou, M. Cheng, and F. Peng, “A high-frequency-link single phase PWM rectifier,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 289-298, January 2015.
  • M. S. Agamy and P. K. Jain, “A three-level resonant single-stage power factor correction converter: Analysis, design, and implementation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2095-2107, June 2009.
  • J. Everts, F. Krismer, J. Van den Keybus, J. Driesen, and J. W. Kolar, “Optimal ZVS modulation of single-phase single-stage bidirectional DAB ac-dc converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 3954-3970, August 2014.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A power converter having bidirectional power flow capabilities and inherent power factor correction (PFC) control, comprising:
a high frequency transformer comprising a primary AC side, a secondary side, and a resonating circuit,
wherein the primary AC side of the high frequency transformer comprises a current-fed full bridge matrix converter, wherein the current-fed full bridge matrix converter comprises eight silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) positioned in four pairs, wherein a first pair of SiC MOSFETS consists of a first A SiC MOSFET and a first B SiC MOSFET, wherein a second pair of SiC MOSFETs consists of a second A SiC MOSFET and a second B SiC MOSFET,
wherein a third pair of SiC MOSFETs consists of a third A SiC MOSFET and a third B SiC MOSFET, and wherein a fourth pair of SiC MOSFETs consists of a fourth A SiC MOSFET and a fourth B SiC MOSFET,
wherein the secondary side of the high frequency transformer comprises a full bridge matrix converter, wherein the full bridge matrix converter comprises four SiC MOSFETs, wherein the four SiC MOSFETs consist of a fifth SiC MOSFET, a sixth SiC MOSFET, a seventh SiC MOSFET, and an eighth SiC MOSFET, and
wherein the resonating circuit comprises a leakage inductor of the high frequency transformer and a capacitor.
2. An electric vehicle (EV) battery charger comprising the power converter of claim 1.
3. The electric vehicle (EV) battery charger of claim 2, further comprising an input source and a battery.
4. One or more photovoltaic cells comprising the power converter of claim 1.
US17/543,919 2017-08-17 2021-12-07 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger Abandoned US20220094274A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/543,919 US20220094274A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2021-12-07 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762546955P 2017-08-17 2017-08-17
PCT/US2018/044930 WO2019036201A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger
US202016638620A 2020-02-12 2020-02-12
US17/543,919 US20220094274A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2021-12-07 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/638,620 Continuation US11323038B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger
PCT/US2018/044930 Continuation WO2019036201A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20220094274A1 true US20220094274A1 (en) 2022-03-24

Family

ID=63245095

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/638,620 Active 2039-03-04 US11323038B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger
US17/543,919 Abandoned US20220094274A1 (en) 2017-08-17 2021-12-07 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/638,620 Active 2039-03-04 US11323038B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2018-08-02 Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US11323038B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2019036201A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109951088B (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-16 哈工大（张家口）工业技术研究院 Control method of single-stage AC-DC converter for electric vehicle charger
US11368037B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2022-06-21 Lear Corporation On-board charger (OBC) single-stage converter
DE102020201562A1 (en) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-12 Dürr Systems Ag Power conversion unit and coating system
FR3110300B1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2022-05-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Switching converter control
CN111697837B (en) * 2020-05-18 2021-08-27 西安许继电力电子技术有限公司 Direct-current transformer topology based on three-level CLLLC resonant converter and control method
EP3916979A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-01 Infineon Technologies Austria AG Switching converter
CN112600454B (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-03-11 东南大学 Current source input high-frequency isolation matrix converter and regulation and control method thereof
CN113114048A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-13 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） Direct AC-AC converter and method for converting low frequency into high frequency
CN113839573A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-12-24 中南大学 High-efficiency single-phase isolation bidirectional matrix type AC-DC converter device
CN113258816B (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-10-08 南京力骏新能源储能研究院有限公司 Sine wave high-frequency chain battery inversion method for realizing first and second quadrant operation
US20230412083A1 (en) * 2022-05-31 2023-12-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Quasi-resonant isolated voltage converter
CN115378276B (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-07-23 山东大学 Bidirectional power conversion topology, method and system for power battery test excitation power supply

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090225569A1 (en) * 2008-02-13 2009-09-10 Todd Andrew Begalke Multilevel power conversion
US8559193B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2013-10-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Zero-voltage-switching scheme for high-frequency converter
US9729066B1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2017-08-08 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Electric power conversion apparatus having single-phase and multi-phase operation modes
US20170229972A1 (en) * 2014-08-13 2017-08-10 Inesc Tec - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistema e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ciência Ac/dc converter with three to single phase matrix converter, full-bridge ac/dc converter and hf transformer
WO2017201209A1 (en) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Soft switching solid state transformers and converters
US10250053B2 (en) * 2014-12-16 2019-04-02 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Optimal battery current waveform for bidirectional PHEV battery charger
US20210305893A1 (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-30 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power transfer over an isolated capacitive barrier with controlled current
US20210372246A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-12-02 University Of Houston System Optimization Technique for CO2-EOR Miscibility Management in an Oil Reservoir

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0006513D0 (en) 2000-03-18 2000-05-10 Alstom Improvements relating to converters
US6343021B1 (en) 2000-05-09 2002-01-29 Floyd L. Williamson Universal input/output power supply with inherent near unity power factor
US6952355B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2005-10-04 Ops Power Llc Two-stage converter using low permeability magnetics
US8693213B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2014-04-08 Flextronics Ap, Llc Resonant power factor correction converter
WO2012178056A2 (en) 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Scalable single-stage differential power converter
US9648716B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2017-05-09 Mks Instruments, Inc. Direct three phase parallel resonant inverter for reactive gas generator applications

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090225569A1 (en) * 2008-02-13 2009-09-10 Todd Andrew Begalke Multilevel power conversion
US8559193B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2013-10-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Zero-voltage-switching scheme for high-frequency converter
US20170229972A1 (en) * 2014-08-13 2017-08-10 Inesc Tec - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistema e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ciência Ac/dc converter with three to single phase matrix converter, full-bridge ac/dc converter and hf transformer
US10250053B2 (en) * 2014-12-16 2019-04-02 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Optimal battery current waveform for bidirectional PHEV battery charger
WO2017201209A1 (en) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Soft switching solid state transformers and converters
US9729066B1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2017-08-08 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Electric power conversion apparatus having single-phase and multi-phase operation modes
US20210372246A1 (en) * 2018-10-02 2021-12-02 University Of Houston System Optimization Technique for CO2-EOR Miscibility Management in an Oil Reservoir
US20210305893A1 (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-30 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power transfer over an isolated capacitive barrier with controlled current

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Soft-Switching Single Stage Isolated AC-DC Converter for Single-Phase High Power PFC Applications", Chushan Li, Yu Zhang , and David Xu, @2015 KIPE *
"Bidirectional AC-DC Converter for Vehicle-to Grid (V2G) Applications", Arjun Raj Prabu Andhra Sridhar, Marquette e-Publication , @2015 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210135581A1 (en) 2021-05-06
WO2019036201A1 (en) 2019-02-21
US11323038B2 (en) 2022-05-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20220094274A1 (en) Single phase single stage bi-directional level 1 electric vehicle battery charger
Li et al. Bi-directional on-board charger architecture and control for achieving ultra-high efficiency with wide battery voltage range
CN109560711B (en) Isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter and modulation method thereof
Moo et al. Twin-buck converter with zero-voltage transition
Hsieh et al. An interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage transition
Park et al. Design and control of a bidirectional resonant dc–dc converter for automotive engine/battery hybrid power generators
US11418125B2 (en) Three phase bidirectional AC-DC converter with bipolar voltage fed resonant stages
Kim et al. Integrated dual full-bridge converter with current-doubler rectifier for EV charger
He et al. Design of 1 kW bidirectional half-bridge CLLC converter for electric vehicle charging systems
WO2008020629A1 (en) Insulation boost type push-pull soft-switching dc/dc converter
CN115280659A (en) Circuit and method for controlling a bidirectional CLLC converter
CN112838766A (en) High-voltage-reduction-ratio three-level LLC resonant converter and control method thereof
Lin et al. Asymmetrical pulse-width modulation bidirectional DC–DC converter
JP6452226B2 (en) DC-DC converter auxiliary circuit and bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter using the auxiliary circuit
CN217087777U (en) Wide-range resonant soft-switching bidirectional direct-current converter
Gautam et al. An isolated interleaved DC-DC converter with voltage doubler rectifier for PHEV battery charger
Lin et al. Analysis of LLC converter with series-parallel connection
Tseng et al. Interleaved coupled-inductor boost converter with boost type snubber for PV system
KR101649109B1 (en) Dual full-bridge converter
Rathore et al. Analysis and design of active clamped ZVS current-fed DC-DC converter for fuel-cell to utility-interface application
Tandon et al. Partial series resonance-pulse assisted zero-current-switching current-fed three-phase current sharing DC-DC converter
KR102479366B1 (en) Battery Charger and Control Methods
Kim et al. Modular EV rapid charger design and control method
CN212992208U (en) Interleaved LLC resonant converter for vehicle-mounted PEV battery charger
Gautam et al. An interleaved ZVS full-bridge DC-DC converter with capacitive output filter for a PHEV charger

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON SYSTEM, TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RAJASHEKARA, KAUSHIK;NAYAK, PARTHASARATHY;PRAMANICK, SUMIT KUMAR;SIGNING DATES FROM 20210129 TO 20210131;REEL/FRAME:058317/0145

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION