KR100508334B1 - Manufacturing Device of Alternative Fuel Oil from Non-Catalytic Pyrolysis Process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a raw material input means for inputting the selected mixed waste plastics, raw material melting means for melting the injected raw material at least one or more times to remove waste gases and impurities that do not thermally decompose, and thermally decompose the melt to produce a low molecular gas oil and a polymer product At this time, the polymer product is pyrolysis reaction means for pyrolyzing again with the newly introduced melt, reduced pressure distillation means for producing raw material gas and substitute oil by distillation under reduced pressure gas oil, and waste gas generated through melting of mixed waste plastic. Waste gas treatment means for removing the sludge, sludge discharge means for discharging the sludge generated from the melting means or / and pyrolysis reaction means to the sludge re-pyrolysis means, and sludge pyrolysis means for regenerating the sludge to generate product oil and coke; It provides an alternative fuel oil manufacturing apparatus comprising.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to produce an alternative fuel oil which is a non-catalytic process and minimizes the generation of lower wax by a cyclic continuous pyrolysis reaction. In addition, it is environmentally friendly by treating the waste gas generated during the melting process, and the fuel gas produced can be economically produced by reusing it as a heat source.

Description

Manufacturing Device of Alternative Fuel Oil from Non-Catalytic Pyrolysis Process

The present invention relates to a device for producing an alternative fuel oil by pyrolyzing a difficult-to-treat mixed waste plastics, and more particularly, economically replaced while minimizing the generation of lower wax by a cyclic continuous pyrolysis reaction while being a non-catalytic process. A device for producing fuel oil.

In recent years, since plastics are used in various fields of society, production is increasing every year, and correspondingly, the amount of waste plastics is also increased and discharged into various forms of garbage, causing serious environmental pollution. Many of these wastes are disposed of by landfill and incineration, but gradually landfilling is impossible and incineration also causes environmental problems such as air pollution, requiring alternative recycling methods. Among the recycling methods, the material recycling method is only implemented for some items with added value. However, even in the case of waste plastics, even if recycled, the utilization value is lowered due to deterioration of quality due to repeated use, and finally chemical treatment is required.

Wastes from the living and business sectors contain various types and types of plastics. Currently, a separate collection system is being implemented for the recycling of waste, but only a few waste plastics are used, and the effect of generating added value by re-recycling is insignificant compared to the difficulty caused by separate collection, transportation, and sorting. In addition, due to the implementation of the producer responsibility recycling system, the amount of waste plastics separated and discharged as recycled products is expected to increase significantly. In recent years, it has shifted from the separate collection system by item to the mixed collection system that collects all the recycled products together. Therefore, a chemical treatment method capable of economically treating a large amount of waste plastic, which is difficult to recycle materials, has emerged. Considering the domestic situation where there is no petroleum resource and the penetration rate of alternative energy should be greatly increased, waste plastic pyrolysis and emulsification technology, which is a representative chemical treatment method, can be a very good resource recycling method for waste plastic.

Plastics are made of hydrocarbons and decompose when they are simply pyrolyzed into polymers of thousands to tens of thousands of atoms, but they are not useful due to the generation of many wax components with a wide boiling point distribution and low utilization value. In order to solve this problem, there is a direct catalytic decomposition method using a solid acid catalyst for pyrolysis reaction. The decomposition reaction of the polymer is a catalyst poisoning that blocks the active site on the surface of the catalyst by coke generated during the reaction, and the activity of the catalyst is drastically reduced. There is a problem. This is because the use of a large amount of expensive catalyst, the catalyst cost is high in the overall cost, and the economics are low. In particular, when PVC is mixed in the raw material, the deactivation of the catalyst is promoted. Therefore, the gas oil produced after pyrolysis is passed through a fixed-bed reactor filled with a catalyst to perform partial decomposition and isomerization reaction for conversion to a high value added product. However, although it is less than direct catalytic cracking, there is poisoning of the catalyst, and accordingly, it is applied to commercial applications such as the increase in the cost of catalytic process equipment, the increase in the cost of replacing and regenerating the catalyst, the hardening of the product, and the economical deterioration due to the lowered yield. There is a limit.

Therefore, in the pyrolysis of mixed waste plastics including PVC, it is important to reduce the low value of low-use waxes without using a catalyst and to mass produce alternative fuel oil by efficient and stable continuous operation.

The present invention has been made to overcome the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an alternative fuel oil manufacturing apparatus that minimizes the generation of lower wax by a cyclic continuous pyrolysis reaction at the same time without a catalyst. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing alternative fuel oil having environmentally friendly characteristics by treating waste gas generated in the process of melting, in particular, chlorine gas.

The present invention is a raw material input means for inputting the selected mixed waste plastics, raw material melting means for melting the injected raw material at least one or more times to remove waste gases and impurities that do not thermally decompose, and thermally decompose the melt to produce a low molecular gas oil and a polymer product At this time, the polymer product is pyrolysis reaction means for pyrolyzing again with the newly introduced melt, reduced pressure distillation means for producing raw material gas and substitute oil by distillation under reduced pressure gas oil, and waste gas generated through melting of mixed waste plastic. Waste gas treatment means for removing the sludge, sludge discharge means for discharging the sludge generated from the melting means or / and pyrolysis reaction means to the sludge re-pyrolysis means, and sludge pyrolysis means for regenerating the sludge to generate product oil and coke; It provides an alternative fuel oil manufacturing apparatus comprising.

Preferably, the raw material melting means is composed of a first melting tank and a second melting tank sequentially maintained at a heating temperature of 250 to 350 ° C., and the high temperature reactant produced by the pyrolysis reaction means is added to the primary melting tank. Configured to supply circularly.

The pyrolysis reaction means is preferably a tank reactor for storing a high temperature reactant, a tubular reactor for continuously pyrolyzing the reactant of the tank reactor introduced through a circulation pump, and a reactant introduced from the tubular reactor with low molecular weight. And a gas-liquid separation tank for separating gas oil and polymer product.

The tubular reactor preferably uses radiant heat obtained by burning fuel gas generated from waste gas treatment means or / and reduced pressure distillation means, and is operated under pressure above atmospheric pressure.

The vacuum distillation means in the above is preferably maintained at a pressure of 0 to 600mmHg lower than the normal pressure.

Preferably, the waste gas treatment means includes a neutralization tank that uses a basic solution to neutralize chlorine gas.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings the content of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is an alternative fuel oil production apparatus shown as a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The raw material input means is for injecting the sorted mixed waste plastic into the melting means, and may be embodied by the fixed-quantity tank (2), the valve (3) and the slew conveyor type feeder (4) for the purpose of not particularly limited. have.

The raw material melting means is for removing waste gas and impurities that are not thermally decomposed by melting the input raw material in at least one continuous process. Specifically, the primary melting tank 5 and the secondary melting tank are not particularly limited. It can be implemented through (8).

The pyrolysis reaction means pyrolyzes the melt to produce a low molecular gas oil and a polymer product, wherein the polymer product is to thermally decompose again with the newly introduced melt, and in particular, the tank reactor 15, tubular shape Reactor 17, gas-liquid separator 18 may be implemented.

The vacuum distillation unit is for producing raw gas and alternative oil by distilling the low molecular weight gas oil under reduced pressure. Specifically, the distillation column 19, the coolers 22-1 to 22-4, and the purification tank ( 24, 27).

Waste gas treatment means is for removing the waste gas, particularly preferably chlorine gas generated through the melting process of the mixed waste plastic, it may be specifically implemented as a neutralization tank 13 for the purpose of not particularly limited.

Hereinafter will be described in detail the working relationship of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention shown in the preferred embodiment of the above configuration. Figure 2 is a flow chart schematically showing the alternative fuel oil production process of the present invention using the manufacturing apparatus. Alternative fuel oil manufacturing process according to the present invention,

First, as a pretreatment process, a process of sorting and removing pyrolysis incompatible materials from collected raw materials and then transferring and inputting the stored mixed waste plastic to the melting furnace.

Secondly, the melting process of primary and secondary melting at high temperature for complete melting of these solid raw materials.

Third, neutralization process for removing chlorine gas generated by PVC from the gas produced from mixed waste plastic mixed with PVC in the first and second melting processes

Fourth, the process of concentrating and discharging the pyrolysis incompatible material (sludge) including the inorganic material from the plastic completely melted in the secondary melting tank

Fifth, pyrolysis process by continuous circulation tubular reactor to decompose molten liquid reactant into useful alternative fuel oil around 400 ℃

Sixth, the vacuum distillation process classifies the product obtained in the pyrolysis process into low molecular products including gas used as fuel oil of this process, intermediate products of kerosene and diesel oil, and heavy oil recycled to the pyrolysis reactor.

Seventh, it is composed of a decomposition reaction process for reprocessing sludge discharged periodically in the molten process and the reaction process.

This will be described in more detail as the device configuration of FIG. 1 as follows. First, the collected mixed waste plastics are sorted and pretreated to shred several tens of millimeters in size to remove impurities, and then stored in the reservoir for supplying to the pyrolysis process for two to three days.

The mixed waste plastic mentioned in the following examples of the present invention mainly assumes that a thermoplastic resin containing 3% or less of PVC is contained therein and a small amount of thermosetting resin.

The stored mixed plastic is transferred to the conveyor 1 at several hundred kilograms per hour, and put into the fixed tank 2 where the load cell is installed.When the amount of waste plastic is reached, the sensor is detected and the valve 3 installed at the bottom of the tank is opened to open the screw conveyor. (4) It is thrown into the primary melting tank 5 provided with the stirrer by the type | mold input device. The operation of the dosing device, the quantity of the metering tank and the opening of the switch at the bottom of the tank are automatically activated by the setpoint of the automation system.

The mixed waste plastic injected into the primary melting tank 5 is melted while stirring at a temperature of 300 to 350 ° C. The heat source mainly receives a high-temperature reactant from a circulating pyrolysis reactor to melt the solid waste plastic and serve as an auxiliary heat source. The combustion burner 6-1 installed at the bottom of the tank is supplemented. In this process, most of the PVC contained in the mixed waste plastic is decomposed and released as chlorine hydrogen gas. Installed between the primary and secondary melting tanks, the gate valve 7 is opened to automatically open and close according to the level of the secondary melting tank 8 to remove waste plastic that is not completely melted in the primary melting tank. Deliver to a hot secondary melter equipped with a stirrer. This further melts the waste plastic to lower its viscosity and also partially disintegrates the PVC again to completely remove it with chlorine gas. The heat supply is supplied by a heat feed burner installed at the bottom of the reactor. Inorganic materials such as soil, which are impurities deposited at the bottom of the secondary melting tank, are introduced into the sludge pyrolysis reactor 10 by a sludge discharge device 9 composed of a screw conveyor and an automatic valve.

The low molecular hydrocarbon gas, including chlorine gas from the primary and secondary smelters, is cooled through the primary (11) and secondary (12) coolers and then condensed, where the condensed liquid product is stored in the storage tank (25). In addition, the gas is neutralized with an aqueous solution of a base in the neutralization tank 13 to be treated so as not to contain chlorine in the product gas, and then discharged, and the gas is reused as a fuel of this process.

The reactant sufficiently melted in the secondary melting tank is stored in a storage tank (15) equipped with a stirrer and a tubular reactor (17) equipped with a fuel gas burner using a high temperature circulation pump (16-1) connected to an outlet at the bottom of the storage tank. Continuous pyrolysis proceeds through. This continuous pyrolysis process facilitates the formation of coke from hydrocarbons in high temperature reactors, thereby clogging the reactors, thus reducing the rapid linear velocity of the reactants at experimental conditions that can inhibit them, i.e. at low pyrolysis temperatures and pressures above atmospheric pressure where pyrolysis can occur. It is important to keep it. Some of the decomposed product is sent to the primary melting furnace 5 as a heat source for melting the raw solid reactants and the remaining product is delivered to the separation tank 18. The low molecular weight product separated here is sent to the distillation column 19 through the upper outlet and the polymer product is sent back to the storage tank 15 through the lower outlet. At this time, the polymer product is mixed well by the rotation of the stirrer with the liquid reactant from the secondary melting furnace to form a mixture of high temperature and constant properties. The mixture is then fed back into the circulating pyrolysis reactor and pyrolyzed repeatedly. This cyclic pyrolysis reaction occurs stably and continuously rapidly, which enables mass processing and produces a high yield of alternative fuel oil.

The sludge deposited at the bottom of the secondary melting furnace 8 and the storage tank 15 contains many hydrocarbon components. Therefore, the reactor is collected in the sludge treatment pyrolysis reactor 10 for reprocessing periodically, and a catalyst having decomposition activity is added thereto, and then the temperature is raised to 450 ° C. or more by a heating burner 6-4 installed at the bottom of the reactor. To produce oil. The product oil is sent to the distillation column 19 and the inorganic residues remaining after the final treatment are discharged to the screw feeder. Reprocessing of these sludges has significant economic and environmental effects due to the recovery of oil and the reduction of the amount of residual waste.

The following is a step of classifying the product by the depressurization process. The low molecular gas oil discharged from the top of the separation tank 18, which is just before the distillation column, is reacted by gas-liquid contact and temperature distribution in the distillation column 19 equipped with a heating heater. They are classified as layered gas fraction, low-boiling oil equivalent to gasoline, fuel oil equivalent to kerosene and diesel, and heavy fraction as unreacted.

At the bottom of the distillation column, in order to maintain a constant temperature of the hot oil, a circulation pump 16-2 is operated to recover heat from the heat exchanger 20 and then circulate back to the bottom of the distillation column to adjust the temperature, and at the same time maintain a constant level of water. In order to open and close the valve according to the level of water, the oil of a predetermined level or more is stored in the reservoir 21 and then returned to the storage tank 15 for the pyrolysis reaction using the transfer pump 16-3.

On the other hand, the oil content of the alternative fuel oil separated in the middle stage of the distillation column is stored in the storage tank 23 via the cooler 22-1 to be used as the final product, or by mixing other classified oils or additives. It can be used as such.

In addition, the low boiling product including the gas fractionated in the upper portion of the distillation column is left in the purification tank 24 via the cooler (22-3) to phase separate to obtain a gas product. Among these, the gas which has passed through the secondary cooler 22-4, the secondary purification tank 27, and the vacuum pump 26 is compressed and stored and used as fuel oil of this process. The liquid product is partially refluxed by the transfer pump (16-6) and recycled to the distillation column, and the remaining liquid product is transferred to the storage tank (25) via the cooler (22-2) for use as fuel oil or intermediate in the process. It can be used as fuel oil by mixing with oil obtained from stage.

According to the present invention, it is possible to produce an alternative fuel oil which is a catalyst-free process and minimizes the generation of lower wax by a cyclic continuous pyrolysis reaction. In addition, it is environmentally friendly by treating the waste gas generated during the melting process, and the generated fuel gas can be economically produced by reusing the generated fuel gas as a heat source.

1 is a block diagram of an alternative fuel oil production apparatus of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention.

2 is a flow chart schematically showing an alternative fuel oil manufacturing process using the apparatus according to the present invention.

<Code Description of Main Parts of Drawing>

1: Conveyor 2: Quantitative Hopper

3: valve 4: input device

5: primary melting tank 6-1, 2, 3, 4: combustion burner

7: on / off valve 8: secondary melter

9: sludge discharge device 10: sludge pyrolysis reactor

11: primary cooler 12: secondary cooler

13: waste gas treatment system 14: oil and water separation tank

15 tank reactor 16-1,2,3,4,5,6 transfer pump

17: tubular pyrolysis reactor 18: gas-liquid separation tank

19: distillation column 20: heat exchanger

21: heavy oil storage tank 22-1,2,3,4: cooler

23: light and diesel storage tank 24: primary separation tank

25 gasoline storage tank 26 vacuum pump

27: secondary separation tank

Claims (6)

A raw material input means for inputting the selected mixed waste plastic, a raw material melting means for melting the input material at least one time to remove waste gas and impurities that are not pyrolyzed, and pyrolyzing the melt to produce a low molecular gas oil and a polymer product, At this time, the polymer product is a pyrolysis reaction means for pyrolyzing again with the newly introduced melt, a reduced pressure distillation means for producing raw gas and a substitute oil by distilling the low molecular gas oil under reduced pressure, and a waste gas generated through melting the mixed waste plastic. Alternatives including waste gas treatment means, sludge discharge means for discharging sludge from the melting means or / and pyrolysis reaction means to sludge re- pyrolysis means, and sludge re-pyrolysis means for re-splitting the sludge to produce oil and coke. Fuel oil manufacturing equipment 2. The raw material melting means according to claim 1, wherein the raw material melting means is sequentially composed of a first melting tank and a second melting tank whose heating temperature is maintained at 250 to 350 DEG C. The high temperature reactant produced by the pyrolysis reaction means is added to the primary melting tank. Alternative fuel oil manufacturing device configured to supply circularly The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reaction means is a tank reactor for storing a high temperature reactant, a tubular reactor for continuously pyrolyzing the reactants of the tank reactor introduced through a circulation pump, and the reactants introduced from the tubular reactor Alternative fuel oil production apparatus including a gas-liquid separation tank separating gas oil and polymer product The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the tubular reactor uses radiant heat obtained by burning fuel gas generated from waste gas treatment means or / and reduced pressure distillation means, and is operated under pressure above normal pressure. The method of claim 1, wherein the reduced pressure distillation means is an alternative fuel oil production apparatus is maintained at a pressure 0 ~ 600mmHg lower than the normal pressure The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waste gas treating means comprises a basic solution to neutralize chlorine gas.