KR100487219B1 - 수소및/또는1종이상의탄화수소및/또는질소및/또는일산화탄소의혼합물을분리하는방법및장치 - Google Patents

수소및/또는1종이상의탄화수소및/또는질소및/또는일산화탄소의혼합물을분리하는방법및장치 Download PDF

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KR100487219B1
KR100487219B1 KR1019970052442A KR19970052442A KR100487219B1 KR 100487219 B1 KR100487219 B1 KR 100487219B1 KR 1019970052442 A KR1019970052442 A KR 1019970052442A KR 19970052442 A KR19970052442 A KR 19970052442A KR 100487219 B1 KR100487219 B1 KR 100487219B1
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columns
column
hydrogen
carbon monoxide
packing
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KR19980032790A (ko
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쟝갈라르다
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레르 리뀌드, 소시에떼 아노님 아 디렉또와르 에 꽁세예 드 쉬르베양스 뿌르 레뛰드 에 렉스쁠로아따시옹 데 프로세데 죠르쥬 끌로드
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
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    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
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    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
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    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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Abstract

본 발명은 수소 및/또는 1종 이상의 탄화수소 및/또는 질소 및/또는 일산화탄소의 혼합물로 구성된 합성 기체를 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)을 포함하는 세정 컬럼(K01), 플래시 컬럼(K02) 또는 증류 컬럼(K03)중에서 분리하는 방법 및 분리 장치에 관한 것이다.

Description

수소 및/또는 1종 이상의 탄화수소 및/또는 질소 및/또는 일산화탄소의 혼합물을 분리하는 방법 및 장치
본 발명은 일산화탄소 및/또는 수소 및/또는 1종 이상의 탄화수소 및/또는 질소 혼합물을 분리하는 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.
일산화탄소와 수소 혼합물을 분리하는 공지된 장치들은 트레이 컬럼(tray column)만을 구비하고 있다.
공기 증류와 같은 다른 종류의 증류시에는 팩킹을 사용하는 방법이 일반적인 것이었지만, 공기의 평형 계수는 일산화탄소, 수소 및/또는 메탄 혼합물의 평형 계수와 상당히 다르다.
가압하에 -180℃로 냉각된 합성 기체를 컬럼 K01중에서 액체 메탄으로 세정하는 메탄 세정을 포함하는 시스템에 있어서(도 1), 컬럼의 하부로는 일산화탄소가 유입되고 상부에서는 수소가 생성된다.
그 다음 중간 압력의 플래시 컬럼(K02)중에서 용존 수소가 제거된다. 그 후, 저압 증류 컬럼(K03)중에서 CO/CH4 이원분자가 분리된다. 상부에서 기체상 CO가 생성되고, 하부에서 생성된 액체 메탄은 펌핑되어 (K01)중으로 재순환된 뒤 세정된다.
CO 순환중에 냉각력이 생성된다.
부분 응축을 갖는 시스템에서(도 2), (B01)에서 발생된 액체 CO에 의해 (K11)중에 존재하는 메탄이 세정된 합성 기체는 가능한 최저 온도로 냉각되고, 제한 함수는 CO의 응고 온도이며, (B02)중에서 응축된 액체는 주로 CO이다.
플래시 컬럼(K12) 및 (K13)은 각각 (K11)의 하부에 있는 액체(메탄-풍부한 액체)와 포트(B02)의 액체(CO-풍부한 액체)중에 존재하는 용존 수소를 제거한다.
컬럼(K12) 및 (K13)으로 부터 발생하는 액체는 그 다음 증류 컬럼(K14)에 유입되어 CO/CH4의 분리가 일어난다.
냉각력은 터빈중의 수소 팽창에 의해 얻어진다.
질소를 포함하는 특정 경우에는 CO/CH4 컬럼의 하류에 N2/CO 분리 컬럼을 부가 장착할 수 있다.
본 발명의 제1 구성에 따르면, 세정 컬럼 및/또는 플래시 컬럼 및/또는 증류 컬럼을 포함하고, 이들 컬럼중 1개 이상은 팩킹을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 수소 및/또는 1종 이상의 탄화수소 및/또는 질소 및/또는 일산화탄소를 함유하는 기체상 혼합물을 분리하는 장치가 제공된다.
팩킹은 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)인 것이 바람직하다.
본 발명의 제2 구성에 따르면, 1개 이상의 팩킹 구획을 포함하는 1개 이상의 컬럼으로 이루어진 컬럼계중에서 수소 및/또는 1종 이상의 탄화수소 및/또는 질소 및/또는 일산화탄소를 함유하는 기체상 혼합물을 분리하는 방법이 제공된다.
다른 양태에 따르면, 본 발명은 팩킹이 400 내지 1000 ㎡/㎥의 표면적 밀도를 가진 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)인 방법을 제공한다.
따라서, 팩킹은 세정 컬럼, 플래시 컬럼 및 증류 컬럼내에 장착될 수 있다.
일산화탄소와 메탄 증류 컬럼이나 일산화탄소와 질소 증류 컬럼과 같이 저압에서 작동하는 컬럼의 경우에 있어서, 통상적인 트레이가 사용되면 압력 강하가 비교적 높다.
그러나, 팩킹을 사용하면 압력 강하가 10으로 나누어질 수 있다. 장치의 배출구에서 저압이 고정된다면, 저압에서 증류를 실시할 수 있어 수 퍼센트의 에너지절감을 얻을 수 있다.
팩킹은 세정 컬럼과 증류 컬럼의 높이와 직경을 감소시킬 수 있다. 트레이를 표면적 밀도가 870 ㎡/㎥인 팩킹으로 대체시키면 컬럼의 높이를 약 20% 감소시킬 수 있다.
기체 유속이 낮고 상부와 하부 사이에서 기체 유속이 매우 가변적인 플래시 컬럼의 경우에는, 트레이의 투과력이 약하고 트레이마다 매우 상이하여 생산하기가 어려워진다.
또한, H2/CO/CH4 혼합물을 증류하는 경우에, 유속은 동일 구획내에서도 매우 다르다. 이것은 팩킹을 사용하는 경우에는 어떤 문제도 일으키지는 않으나, 트레이를 사용하기는 어렵게 만든다.
본 발명의 일정 구조의 팩킹은 교차하는 주름진 형태일 수 있다.
본 발명의 팩킹을 가진 칼럼계를 사용하므로써 칼럼내 압력 강하를 줄일 수 있고, 저압에서 증류를 실시할 수 있어 수퍼센트의 에너지 절감을 얻을 수 있으며, 칼럼의 높이와 직경을 감소시킬 수 있고, 팩킹 구획내 상이한 유속으로 인한 어떤 문제도 일으키지 않는다.
도 1은 메탄 세정 공정을 구비한 시스템.
도 2는 부분 응축 공정을 구비한 시스템.

Claims (6)

  1. 세정 컬럼(K01, K11)과; 플래시 컬럼(K02, K12, K13) 및 증류 컬럼(K03, K14)중에서 선택된 1개 내지 2개의 컬럼을 추가로 포함하며, 세정 컬럼이 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)을 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소, 1개 이상의 탄화수소, 질소 및 일산화탄소 중에서 선택된 2종 내지 4종을 함유하는 기체 혼합물 분리용 장치.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 플래시 컬럼(K02, K12, K13) 및 증류 컬럼(K03, K14)중에서 선택된 1개 내지 2개의 컬럼에서의 팩킹이 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)인 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
  3. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 팩킹이 400 ㎡/㎥ 내지 1000 ㎡/㎥의 표면적 밀도를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
  4. 1개 이상의 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings) 구획을 함유하는 세정컬럼을 포함하여 1개 이상의 컬럼을 구비한 컬럼계 중에서 수소, 1개 이상의 탄화수소, 질소 및 일산화탄소 중에서 선택된 2종 내지 4종을 함유하는 기체 혼합물을 분리하는 방법.
  5. 제4항에 있어서, 세정컬럼 이외의 컬럼에서의 팩킹이 일정구조의 팩킹(structured packings)인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  6. 제5항에 있어서, 팩킹이 400 내지 1000 ㎡/㎥ 사이의 표면적 밀도를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
KR1019970052442A 1996-10-15 1997-10-14 수소및/또는1종이상의탄화수소및/또는질소및/또는일산화탄소의혼합물을분리하는방법및장치 KR100487219B1 (ko)

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FR2754541B1 (fr) 1998-12-24
KR19980032790A (ko) 1998-07-25
JPH10213374A (ja) 1998-08-11
SG63760A1 (en) 1999-03-30
FR2754541A1 (fr) 1998-04-17
CN1186216A (zh) 1998-07-01

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