KR100474369B1 - Covering structure of coastal construction - Google Patents

Abstract

It is possible to design a stable and economical cross-sectional structure for coastal structures such as breakwaters by determining the optimal weight of the intermediate cladding concrete block according to the weight of tetrapod and by determining the optimal number of intermediate cladding concrete blocks according to the cladding area. Disclosed is a coating method of an intermediate coating concrete block for a coastal structure. The present invention provides a method for coating an intermediate coating concrete block in which a plurality of intermediate coating concrete blocks are installed as an intermediate coating step before placing a plurality of tetrapods on a slope such as a breakwater, a lake, or a river bank. The actual weight (W _H ) of the concrete block is determined by the weight W of one tetrapod in the two-layer coating state mounted on the upper part, and the actual weight of the intermediate coating concrete block is in the range of W / 10 to W / 3.3. It is characterized by that.

Description

COVERING STRUCTURE OF COASTAL CONSTRUCTION}

The present invention relates to the coating structure of the coastal structure, and more specifically, to determine the optimal weight of the concrete block for the intermediate coating according to the weight of the tetrapod and to determine the optimal number of installation of the concrete block for the intermediate coating according to the area of the breakwater The present invention relates to a cladding structure of a coastal structure that enables the design of a stable and economical cross-sectional structure for a coastal structure.

In general, coastal structures have been pursued to improve hydraulic stability and economic glass cross-section based on the concept of disaster prevention, which mainly functions to shield the harbor or hinterland from the wave energy. These are roughly divided into breakwaters and shoreline structures, and the sea side slope is mainly covered with natural stones or the upper layer is covered with a release block to reduce the wave pressure on the body itself. In Korea, the slope type has been widely adopted among the types of breakwater, and recently, a hybrid type that has introduced Caisson has also been built. Among the types of caisson, the front part is similar to the inclined type, and there are cases where the body is protected by covering stones and artificial blocks. Their foundation is almost natural stone.

In particular, since recent ships tend to be larger and larger, ports tend to be moved forward at a deeper depth, so the design height is increased and the weight of intermediate cladding is also increased.

In the case of the existing sloped breakwater and the revetment, the main material constituting the body is natural stone, and according to the existing standard section design method, the weight ratio of the front covering material and the lower sandstone is 1: 1/10 (Costal Engineering Research Center, 1984). . However, the front cladding corresponding to the large blue can secure the required weight by using an artificial block, but it is not easy to secure the considerable weight in the case of the lower sandstone because it is difficult to collect the standard stone required in the design.

Therefore, it was necessary to secure more improved body stability by artificial cladding that can replace the sandstone.

In response to this demand, the present applicant has developed an intermediate coating artificial block which can be adjusted in weight and named it an intermediate coating concrete block.

In addition, the intermediate coating concrete block is disclosed in detail in the Patent Application No. 1998-38696, which was invented by the present applicant and patented as "intermediate coating concrete block".

However, when installing these intermediate cladding concrete blocks in coastal structures such as breakwaters, shores, or rivers, it is important to calculate and mount the exposure stability against waves and the proper weight ratio to tetrapods, and also to cover the concrete cladding blocks. It is also important to install the intermediate covering concrete block by determining how many intermediate covering concrete blocks are needed for the area, that is, how much area the one intermediate covering concrete block occupies.

With this optimal decision, it is possible to prevent cracking and destruction caused by the loading and impact load of the tetrapod mounted on the upper part of the intermediate coating concrete block only when the optimal weight is installed, and it can be used for a long time. The cost of disaster recovery can be greatly reduced.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to calculate the appropriate weight ratio for the tetrapod and exposure stability to the wave, so as to mount the optimal intermediate coating concrete block to greatly increase the stability and economics To provide a cover structure for a coastal structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a coating structure of a coastal structure that can improve the workability and reduce the working time by calculating the number of coatings of the concrete block for intermediate coating to be installed per covering area in advance.

In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the coating structure of the coastal structure according to the present invention, the coating of the intermediate coating concrete blocks (H) on the coastal structure to abut each other, and installed on the intermediate coating concrete blocks In the coating structure of the coastal structure loaded with tetrapod (T), the intermediate coating concrete block is composed of a body portion formed of an octagonal cube and four legs protruding from each other in the body portion, facing each other, The through-hole is formed in the center of the body portion, the edge of the leg is formed with a chamfer, the volume of the block is 0.2016 XC ³ (C: long radius of the block, the distance from the outer surface of the leg to the outer surface of the opposite leg The actual weight of the concrete block for the intermediate coating, is determined by the formula of Depending on the amount (W) characterized in that in the range of W / 10~W / 3.3.

At this time, it is preferable that the actual weight of one concrete block for intermediate | middle coating is in the range of W / 7.45-W / 3.3.

In addition, the actual weight of the intermediate coating concrete block is characterized in that the minimum 2.65ton or more.

On the other hand, in the coating structure of the coastal structure in which a plurality of intermediate coating concrete blocks are installed as an intermediate coating step before the plurality of tetrapods are mounted on slopes such as breakwaters, lakes, or river banks, the coating of the intermediate coating concrete blocks is performed. The number (N) is Where P is the porosity, V _t is the total coating volume, V is the volume of one concrete block for intermediate coating, and N is rounded off.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings will be described in detail the coating method of the intermediate coating concrete block for coastal structures according to the present invention.

Figure 1 is an exemplary state of the mounting state illustrating the mounting of the covering and tetrapods of the intermediate coating concrete block according to the invention, Figure 2 is a practical example of the concrete coating for the intermediate coating according to the nominal weight of tetrapods according to the present invention It is a graph showing the weight.

As shown in Figure 1, the coating method of the intermediate coating concrete block for the coastal structure according to the present invention is installed a plurality of intermediate coating concrete block (H) on the slope of the breakwater, lakes, or rivers and the upper As to mount a plurality of tetrapods (T) in a multi-layer structure, the intermediate coating concrete block (H) is formed in the body portion 100 formed of an octagonal cube, and protruding on the side facing each other in the body portion 100 It is composed of four legs 200, the through-hole 300 is formed in the center of the body portion 100, the bridge 200 is formed with a chamfer. One weighs from a minimum of 2.65 tons up to 21.63 tons, and the weight of tetrapods is heavy from a minimum of 10 to up to 80 tons, so their installation is in the form of sandstone, concrete blocks for intermediate coverings and tetrapo The mounting form, can vary greatly depending on various conditions such as the equipment used. In addition, since the weight of the tetrapod is large, the load on the intermediate-covered concrete block located underneath is large, and thus cracks and breakage are inevitably considered.

Therefore, as mentioned above, various equations and experiments are carried out for the process of calculating the optimal actual weight of the intermediate coating concrete block according to the weight of the tetrapod and calculating the number of installation of the intermediate coating concrete block to the coating area. Explain through the results.

Experimental Example of Concrete Block Design for Intermediate Coating

The design of the intermediate cladding concrete block can be determined according to the weight determination of the transfer surface covering block. In the experiments through the present invention, a method for determining the weight of the intermediate coating concrete block for the tetrapod two-layer coating state was analyzed and a method for obtaining the number and the covering area of the intermediate coating concrete block for a given coating area was given. Considered.

1. Design Weight Determination of Intermediate Coating Concrete Blocks

The design of intermediate cladding concrete blocks is possible by combining hydraulic stability tests and structural stability studies. In the present invention, the hydraulic stability of the 1: 1.5 slope was examined and the loading of the load was examined through the field test construction of the concrete cover for the intermediate coating. In this study, the feasibility of the entire process was secured from manufacturing to finishing. It is shown in Table 1 below to show the proper tonnage range of the concrete block for the intermediate coating according to the tonnage of the tetrapod transfer surface.

As shown in Table 1, according to the experiment of the present invention, the upper limit (W / 3.3) and the lower limit (W / 10) to ensure the hydraulic stability of the intermediate-coated concrete block against the nominal weight and the actual weight (W) of tetrapods. Calculated). In addition, in this experiment, it was shown that the concrete block for intermediate coating had a weight of W / 7.45 which was reduced with respect to the weight W of one tetraport in the two-layer coating state. At this time, the actual weight (W _H ) of the appropriate ton of the concrete block for intermediate coating was found between the upper limit of the hydraulic stability and the lower limit of the structural stability. However, considering the ease of manufacturing the formwork, the value of the long radius C of the intermediate covering concrete block was set to an even value, and the volumes V1 and V2 of the intermediate covering concrete block were determined by the equation (1) when C1 and C2 were determined. The actual weight (W _H ) was obtained by multiplying each volume by 2.3 ton / m 3 of unit weight of concrete to obtain relation (2).

V = 0.2016 × C ³ (1)

(2)

[Table 1] Appropriate tonnage range of concrete block for intermediate coating according to tonnage of tetrapod

Tetrapod Interlayer concrete blocks Nominal weight (ton) Net weight (ton) Hydraulic stability Structural stability Proper ton Upper limit Lower limit Lower limit Ton Ton W W / 3.3 W / 10 W / 7.45 C1 (m) Volume V1 (㎥) Net weight (ton) C2 (m) Volume V2 (㎥) Net weight (ton) 0.5 0.46 0.14 0.046 0.06 0.6 0.044 0.100 0.6 0.044 0.100 One 0.92 0.28 0.092 0.12 0.8 0.103 0.237 0.8 0.103 0.237 2 1.84 0.56 0.184 0.25 1.0 0.202 0.464 1.0 0.202 0.464 3.2 2.88 0.87 0.288 0.39 1.0 0.202 0.464 1.0 0.202 0.464 4 3.68 1.12 0.368 0.49 1.2 0.348 0.801 1.2 0.348 0.801 5 4.60 1.39 0.460 0.62 1.2 0.348 0.801 1.4 0.553 1.272 6.3 5.75 1.74 0.575 0.77 1.2 0.348 0.801 1.4 0.553 1.272 8 7.36 2.23 0.736 0.99 1.4 0.553 1.272 1.6 0.826 1.899 10 9.20 2.79 0.920 1.23 1.4 0.553 1.272 1.8 1.176 2.704 12.5 11.50 3.48 1.150 1.54 1.6 0.826 1.899 1.8 1.176 2.704 16 14.49 4.39 1.449 1.94 1.8 1.176 2.704 2.0 1.613 30709 20 18.40 5.58 1.840 2.47 1.8 1.176 2.704 2.2 2.147 4.937 25 23.00 6.97 2.300 3.09 2.0 1.613 3.709 2.4 2.787 6.410 32 28.75 8.71 2.875 3.86 2.2 2.147 4.937 2.6 3.543 8.150 40 36.80 11.15 3.680 4.94 2.2 2.147 4.937 2.8 4.426 10.179 50 46.00 13.94 4.600 6.17 2.4 2.787 6.410 3.0 5.443 12.519 64 58.88 17.84 5.888 7.90 2.6 3.543 8.150 3.2 6.606 15.194 72 66.86 20.26 6.686 8.97 2.8 4.426 10.179 3.4 7.924 18.224 80 80.50 24.39 8.150 10.81 3.0 5.443 12.519 3.6 9.406 21.633

The numbers shown in bold in Table 1 show the design minimum and maximum intermediate cover concrete blocks according to the tetrapod weight, and the minimum net weight of the intermediate cover concrete block to be more stable than natural stone 1m3 when exposed to the intermediate cover concrete block. Since this is 2.65ton, the range exceeding this is set as the usage range.

2 is a view showing the contents of Table 1 in detail, and the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the graph shown in FIG. 2.

The present invention relates to a method for coating an intermediate coating concrete block, in which a plurality of intermediate coating concrete blocks are installed as an intermediate coating step before the plurality of tetrapods are mounted on a slope such as a breakwater, a lake, or a river bank. The actual weight range of the concrete block for the intermediate coating can be divided into a hydraulically stable range, a structurally stable range, a design range in consideration of the ease of formwork, and a minimum weight that can be more stable than natural stone when exposed.

(1) The range in which the actual weight of the concrete block for intermediate coating is hydraulically stable is a range from the maximum A to the minimum C in FIG. 2, and the value is within the range of W / 10 to W / 3.3 as described in Table 1. .

(2) The range in which the actual weight of the concrete block for intermediate coating is structurally stable is a range from the maximum A to the minimum B in FIG. 2, and the value is within the range of W / 7.45 to W / 3.3 as described in Table 1. . In other words, it can be seen that the structural stability range of the intermediate coating concrete block is more stable than the hydraulic stability range.

(3) The design range in consideration of the ease of formwork is the range of the zone D in FIG. 2, and the value thereof is determined by the above relation (2). At this time, the long radius C of the concrete block for intermediate coating must have an even value within the range of 0.6 ~ 3.6m. When applied to the design, considering the formwork of the concrete cladding block, it is slightly narrower than the actual application area.

(4) The actual weight of the intermediate covering concrete block, which may be more stable than natural stone when exposed to waves, shall be at least 2.65 tons. This evidence suggests that the stability of natural stone is about 2.37 times higher than that of intermediate covering concrete blocks, while the stability factor of Hudson (K _D) is 2.4 in the Shore Protection Manual (1984). It is stable to nearly similar crests for the same weight during construction. Therefore, it can be seen that the weight should be at least 2.65ton or more in order to increase the stability of the intermediate coating concrete block than natural stone 1㎥ class when exposed.

For example, when the tetrapod 50ton class is determined to be the transfer surface covering block, the long radius C of the intermediate coating concrete block that can be applied is 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0m and the actual weight is 6.410, 8.150, 10.179, 12.519ton. Since the minimum actual weight of C = 2.4m is greater than the 5ton class (actual weight 4.937 ton) of C = 2.2m, the stability upon exposure is more than 124% more stable than that of natural stone 1㎥.

2. Number of coverings and cover area per piece of concrete block for intermediate coating

In order to calculate the number N of coatings of the concrete block for intermediate coating, the following relational formula is set.

(3)

Where P is the porosity, Vt is the total covering volume, and V is the volume of one concrete block for intermediate coating.

The porosity P is 36%, 46% and 37% of porosity for Case I, Case II, and Case III, respectively, and the total covering volume Vt is 0.4C because the thickness of intermediate cover concrete block is 40% for long radius C. Where V is the relationship of equation (1). Substituting these into Eq. (3), the results are summarized as Eq. (4). However, the total coating volume Vt is A0.4C.

(4)

For example, assuming that the mounting method Case I and the weight were determined to be equivalent to C = 2.2m, and calculated for the assumption of 100m² by substituting the porosity P = 0.36 of Case I, the number of intermediate covering concrete blocks is 26 It becomes a dog. At this time, the covering area per one concrete covering concrete block is 3.846m2 divided by 26 area 100m2. It can be seen that the number and the covering area of the concrete block for the intermediate coating can be calculated when the mounting method and the weight of the concrete block for the intermediate coating are determined.

In this case, Case I may be referred to as a half interlocking method, in which the outer surfaces of the legs of the intermediate covering concrete block are in contact with each other and arranged in a row, and the next row is the intermediate covering concrete disposed thereon. According to the jagged shape of the block is arranged to interlock with each other to cover. Looking at the mounting shape of the semi-engaged intermediate cladding concrete blocks, it looks like a honeycomb, and the legs of the intermediate cladding concrete blocks are in contact with each other. In this way, the intermediate block concrete blocks in the vertical direction are arranged in a zigzag fashion.

The case II is a shape in which the chamfers of the outer edges of the four legs of the concrete block for intermediate coating are brought into contact with each other.

Finally, Case III is evenly arranged in such a way that the legs of the block are inserted between the legs of the adjacent intermediate covering concrete block by tilting the body portion of the intermediate covering concrete block.

As described above, the coating method of the intermediate coating concrete block for the coastal structure according to the present invention calculates the exposure stability to the wave and the appropriate weight ratio for tetrapod to mount the optimal intermediate coating concrete block to greatly increase the stability and economy It can increase, improve workability and reduce working time.

In other words, as a result of economic analysis on the intermediate coating process, it can be seen that there is a saving effect of 34%. As a result of comparing the stability of 1m3 natural stone and 5ton of nostril stability, the intermediate concrete block is compared with natural stone. It was found to be stable to about 24% larger waves.

Through the field experiments as described above, it was found that the intermediate cladding concrete block slope method for intermediate coating is advantageous in terms of construction and economics than the conventional natural stone method.

On the other hand, while the above has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below It will be understood that modifications and changes can be made.

1 is an exemplary state of the mounting state illustrating the mounting of the cladding and tetrapod of the concrete block for the intermediate coating according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the actual weight of the concrete block for the intermediate coating according to the nominal weight of tetrapod according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

H: Concrete block for intermediate coating T: Tetrapod

Claims (6)

In the coating structure of the coastal structure in which the intermediate covering concrete blocks (H) abutting each other on the coastal structure, and the tetrapod (T) is loaded on the intermediate covering concrete blocks, The intermediate coating concrete block is composed of a body portion 100 formed of an octagonal cube and four legs 200 protruding on the side facing each other from the body portion 100, Through-hole 300 is formed in the center of the body portion 100, the edge of the leg 200 is formed with a chamfer, the volume (V) of the block is 0.2016 XC ³ (C: long radius of the block) Determined by the formula The actual weight (W _H ) of the concrete block for the intermediate coating is in the range of W / 10 to W / 3.3 depending on the weight (W) of one tetrapod in the two-layer coating state to be loaded thereon. Covering structure of coastal structures. The method of claim 1, The actual weight (W _B ) of the concrete block for the intermediate coating is coated structure of the coastal structure, characterized in that in the range of W / 7.45 ~ W / 3.3. delete The method according to claim 1 or 2, The actual weight (W _H ) of the concrete block for the intermediate coating is a coating structure of the coastal structure, characterized in that more than 2.65ton. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The coating number N of the intermediate coating concrete block (H), Where P is the porosity, V _t is the total coating volume, V is the volume of one concrete block for the intermediate coating, and N is rounded off. Cover structure of coastal structure, characterized in that determined by the relationship of. The method of claim 4, wherein The coating number N of the intermediate coating concrete block (H), Where P is the porosity, V _t is the total coating volume, V is the volume of one concrete block for the intermediate coating, and N is rounded off. Cover structure of coastal structure, characterized in that determined by the relationship of.