KR100449533B1 - The educational model test apparatus to observe mechanical behaviour of soil structure - Google Patents
The educational model test apparatus to observe mechanical behaviour of soil structure Download PDFInfo
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- KR100449533B1 KR100449533B1 KR10-2002-0047456A KR20020047456A KR100449533B1 KR 100449533 B1 KR100449533 B1 KR 100449533B1 KR 20020047456 A KR20020047456 A KR 20020047456A KR 100449533 B1 KR100449533 B1 KR 100449533B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/06—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
본 발명은 토목공학 분야에서 지반공학과 관련하여 현장에서 발생하는 여러 형태의 지반구조물에 대한 역학적 거동을 알아보기 위한 학습용 모형실험 장치로 얕은 기초 지지력실험, 깊은기초지지력실험, 옹벽변위에 대한 실험, 보강토옹벽 및 보강토 진반의 지지력시험을 통하여 지반구조물에 대한 역학적 거동을 알 수 있는 학습용 모형실험장치에 관한 것임.The present invention is a model test apparatus for learning the mechanical behavior of various types of geotechnical structures in the field related to geotechnical engineering in the field of civil engineering, shallow foundation bearing test, deep foundation bearing test, retaining wall displacement test, reinforcement soil This study relates to a model test apparatus for learning that can understand the mechanical behavior of soil structures through bearing capacity tests of retaining walls and reinforced soils.
Description
본 발명은 토목공학 분야에서 토질역학, 기초공학 등의 지반공학과 관련하여현장에서 발생하는 여러 형태의 지반구조물에 대한 역학거동을 알아보기 위한 학습용 모형실험장치에 관한 것으로 종래에는 실재현장에서 발생하는 여러 형태의 토압을 여러 가지 방법으로 실재 측정하는 장치들은 있었으나 실험적으로 여러 형태의 압에 의한 입자들의 역학적 거동을 살필 수 있는 모형실험장치는 없었다.The present invention relates to a model experiment apparatus for learning to investigate the dynamic behavior of various types of ground structures occurring in the field in connection with geotechnical engineering such as soil mechanics and basic engineering in the field of civil engineering. Although there were devices to measure the actual earth pressure in various ways, there was no experimental model that could examine the mechanical behavior of particles by various types of pressure experimentally.
토목공학분야에서 토질역학 기초공학 등의 지반공학 관련학과목의 강의가 강당이나 교실 등 주로 실내에서 교재, OHP, 슬라이드(Slide)등을 이용한 설명에 치우치고 있어 학생들이 실재의 지반에서 발생하는 물리적 현상을 정확히 이해하기 어려운 부분이 많고 강의 진행자 또한 내용을 전달하는 것이 어려운 경우가 많다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 지반공학 분야 중에서 주요한 부분을 차지하는 얕은 기초, 깊은 기초 및 깊은 기초의 지지력 문제 옹벽이나 보강토 등의 토압문제 사면 등의 역학적 거동을 모형실험으로 재현해 보임으로서 학생들에게 여러 가지 복잡한 지반공학에 대한 현상을 관찰하여 학습효과를 높일 수 있는 여러 형태의 토압에 의한 역학적 거동을 알아 볼 수 있는 학습용 모형실험장치를 제공함에 목적이 있다.In the field of civil engineering, lectures in subjects related to geotechnical engineering such as basic engineering of soil mechanics are focused on explanations using textbooks, OHP, slides, etc. mainly in the auditorium or classroom, so that students can understand the physical phenomenon Many parts are difficult to understand exactly, and the presenter is often difficult to convey. In order to overcome these problems, the model experiments simulated the mechanical behavior of the shallow foundation, deep foundation, and deep foundation bearing problems, which are the major parts of geotechnical engineering, and the slope of earth pressure problems such as retaining walls and reinforcement soils. The purpose of this study is to provide a model experiment apparatus for learning the mechanical behavior of various types of earth pressure that can enhance the learning effect by observing the phenomenon of geotechnical engineering.
도 1은 본 발명 실험장치의 사시도.1 is a perspective view of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 장치에 부착된 압력 게이지의 정면도.2 is a front view of a pressure gauge attached to the apparatus of the present invention.
도 3은 본 장치로서의 얕은 기초 지지력 시험의 준비 상태도.3 is a state diagram ready for a shallow foundation bearing test as the present apparatus.
도 4는 본 발명 장치로서 얕은 기초 지지력시험 실시도.Figure 4 is a shallow foundation bearing test implementation of the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명장치에 의한 깊은 기초의 지지력 실험 실시도.5 is a test carried out a deep foundation bearing capacity test apparatus of the present invention.
도 6은 본 장치에 의한 옹벽 변위에 대한 실험 실시도.6 is an experimental view of the retaining wall displacement by the present apparatus.
도 7은 본 장치에 의한 옹벽 변위에 대한 실험7 is an experiment on the retaining wall displacement by the present device
도 8은 각종실험종료 후 토입자 대신으로 사용하는 프라스틱입자의 분리도.Figure 8 is an isolation of the plastic particles used in place of earth particles after the completion of various experiments.
도 9는 보강토지반의 지지력 시험에서 사용되는 토조내의 지반 상태도.9 is a ground state diagram in the soil used in the bearing capacity test of reinforcement soil;
본 발명에서의 학습용 모형실험장치에 사용되는 모형지반 재료는 실재 지반재료(토입자)의 재현을 위하여 고밀도 프라스틱재로된 소형구슬을 이용하고 그 형상은 2가지 크기로 구분하여 각각 채색을 달리하여 다른 두 색깔의 지층을 교대로 형성시켜 지반의 거동을 육안으로 쉽고 명확하게 관찰할 수 있도록 되어 있고 지반재료(구슬)의 크기가 달라 실험종료 후에 2종류의 모형지반재료를 체를 통해 쉽게 분리하여 보관할 수 있도록 재실험을 신속히 할 수 있도록 하였다.The model ground material used in the model learning apparatus for learning in the present invention uses small beads made of a high density plastic material for the reproduction of the actual ground material (earth particles), and its shape is divided into two sizes, and the colors are different. Two different colored layers are formed alternately so that the behavior of the ground can be easily and clearly observed with the naked eye. The size of the ground material (beads) is different so that two kinds of model ground materials can be easily separated through a sieve after the end of the experiment. The re-experiment could be expedited for storage.
한편 상기 인공지반재료를 담아두어 모형지반체를 형성케하는 토조를 투명한 아크릴 판으로 제작하여 모형지반의 변화를 육안관찰이 가능토록 하였으며 토조의 형상은 지반이 평면변형율 조건이 되도록 그 크기를 결정하여 제작하였다.On the other hand, the artificial soil material is used to make a model soil body by forming a transparent acrylic plate, so that the change of model ground can be visually observed, and the shape of the soil is determined so that the ground becomes the condition of plane strain. Produced.
위에서 설명한 지반구조의 역학적 거동을 알아보는 학습용 모형실험장치의 구조를 구체적으로 설명하면 도(1)∼도(9)에 나타난 바와 같이 가로수평프레임(1), 세로수평프레임(2) 및 수직프레임(3)과 정면판(4)으로 구성되는 구조체의 저면판(4)위에 밑판(11), 측판(12) 및 후방측판(13)으로 구성되면서 일측이 열린측면 내측으로 밑판(11) 및 양측판(12)에 밀착되고 하단에 힌지(14')를 갖는 전방측판(14)으로 이루어지는 투명토조(21)가 고정 안치되고 투명토조(21)내에는 색이 다른 크고 작은 프라스틱구슬(22, 22")로 교대로 지층을 형성시킨 상태로 충전되어 있으며 상부 한쌍의 가로수평프레임(1)과 한쌍의 수직프레임(3)에는 압력게이지(24, 25)가 각각 결착되어 있는 지반구조물의 역학적 거동을 알아 볼 수 있도록 구성된 학습용 모형실험장치라 할 수 있다.Detailed description of the structure of the model training apparatus for learning the mechanical behavior of the ground structure described above as shown in Figs. (1) to (9) shows the horizontal horizontal frame (1), the vertical horizontal frame (2) and the vertical frame. The bottom plate 11 and both sides of the bottom plate 11, the side plate 12 and the rear side plate 13 on the bottom side plate 4 of the structure consisting of the (3) and the front plate (4) open side. The transparent soil 21, which is made of the front side plate 14, which is in close contact with the plate 12 and has a hinge 14 'at the bottom thereof, is fixed and placed, and the large and small plastic beads 22 and 22 having different colors in the transparent soil 21 are formed. ") Is filled with alternating strata, and the mechanical behavior of the ground structure, in which pressure gauges (24, 25) are attached to the upper pair of horizontal horizontal frames (1) and the pair of vertical frames (3), respectively, It can be called a learning model experiment apparatus configured to be recognized.
상기 학습용 모형실험장치의 수평프레임(1)에 결합되어 있는 압력게이지(24)는 결착판(24a)에 의하여 가로수평프레임(1)에 결합되어 있고 나타나있지 않는 회전기어(24b')를 갖는 핸들(24b)의 회전에 의하여 수직축(24c)에 형성된 안보이는 기어(24c')와 맞물려 수직축(24c)이 상하로 이동하게 되어 있고 이 축 하단에는 양측으로 환형판스프링(24d)이 고정되어 있으며 환형스프링(24d)의 연장 하단에는 가압구(24e)가 고정되어 있고 환형판스프링(24d)의 중앙부에 압력눈금판(24h)이 설치되어 있다.The pressure gauge 24 coupled to the horizontal frame 1 of the training model experiment apparatus is connected to the horizontal horizontal frame 1 by a binding plate 24a and has a rotating gear 24b 'that is not shown. By the rotation of the 24b, the invisible gear 24c 'formed on the vertical shaft 24c is engaged with the vertical shaft 24c to move up and down, and the annular leaf spring 24d is fixed to both sides at the lower end of the shaft, and the annular spring is fixed. A pressure port 24e is fixed to the extended lower end of 24d, and a pressure scale plate 24h is provided at the center of the annular plate spring 24d.
한편 압력게이지(25)는 결착판(25a)에 의하여 수직프레임(3)에 결합되어 있고 수평으로 장착되어 가압구(25e)가 투명토조(21)의 전방측판(13')을 지지 가압할 수 있도록 설치되어 있어 회전기어(25b')를 갖는 핸들(25b)의 회전에 의하여 수평축(25c)에 형성된 기어(25c')와 맞물리게 되어있는 구조로서 실재 압력게이지(24)와 동일한 구성이라 할 수 있다. 단지 실재실험을 실시할 경우에는 압력게이지(24)의 가압구(24e)에는 결합공(24f')이 형성된 수평가압판(24f) 또는 결합공(24g')을 구비한 수직가압판(24g)을 나사(24f", 24g")로서 결합할 수 있는 구조로 되어 있다.On the other hand, the pressure gauge 25 is coupled to the vertical frame 3 by the binding plate 25a and mounted horizontally so that the pressure port 25e can press and support the front side plate 13 'of the transparent earth 21. It is installed so as to be engaged with the gear 25c 'formed on the horizontal shaft 25c by the rotation of the handle 25b having the rotary gear 25b', and may be the same configuration as the actual pressure gauge 24. . In the case of conducting the actual experiment, the pressure port 24e of the pressure gauge 24 is screwed with a horizontal pressure plate 24f having a coupling hole 24f 'or a vertical pressure plate 24g having a coupling hole 24g'. It is a structure which can be combined as (24f ", 24g").
여기에서 프라스틱구슬(Plastic Bead)의 크기에 있어서 큰 것의 크기가 3㎜∼8㎜정도이고 적은 것의 크기는 큰 프라스틱구술 입자들이 형성하는 간극에 접할 수 있는 크기가 알맞다. 또 이들은 실험이 끝난 후 도 8에서와 같이 메쉬(27)로 분리하여 따로 보관할 수 있도록 되어 있다.Here, the size of the plastic beads (Plastic Bead) is large size is about 3mm to 8mm and the size of the small is suitable to contact the gap formed by the large plastic dictation particles. In addition, they are separated from the mesh 27 as shown in Figure 8 after the experiment is to be stored separately.
위에서 설명한 지반구조물의 역학적 거동을 알아보기 위한 학습용 모형실험장치로서 행할 수 있은 실험을 알아보면The experiment that can be performed as a model training device for learning the mechanical behavior of the ground structure described above
(1) 얕은 기초(후팅)의 지지력 실험(1) Test of bearing capacity of shallow foundation
도 3 및 도 4도에서와 같이 얕은 기초로 직사각형태의 수평가압판(24f)을 이용하여 실시하며 수평가압판(24f)의 바닥은 거친(Rough)경우와 매끄러운(Smooth)경우로 각각 제작되어 있어 후팅 바닥면의 거칠기에 따른 지반 거동을 쉽게 관찰할 수 있게 된다.As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is carried out using a rectangular horizontal pressure plate 24f on a shallow basis, and the bottom of the horizontal pressure plate 24f is manufactured in rough and smooth cases, respectively. The ground behavior according to the roughness of the bottom surface can be easily observed.
한편 지반구성은 두 색깔의 지층을 교대로 형성시켜 층상을 구성한 다음 간단히 손으로 핸들(24b)을 회전시키므로 기어에 의하여 수평가압판(24f)을 지반층에 압입하는 방식으로 되어 있어 압력눈금판에 의하여 수직압과 측압을 판단할 수 있고 지반구조물의 침하와 거동상태를 알아볼 수 있다.On the other hand, the ground structure is formed by alternately forming two layers of layers to form a layer, and then simply rotates the handle 24b by hand, so that the horizontal pressure plate 24f is press-fitted into the ground layer by gears. The pressure and side pressure can be determined and the settlement and behavior of the ground structure can be identified.
(2) 깊은 기초(말뚝)의 지지력 실험(2) Bearing capacity test of deep foundation (pile)
도 5에서와 같이 평면변형율 토조에서 토조의 횡쪽과 동일하게 제작된 평면변형율 상태의 수직가압판(말뚝)을 수평가압판 대신으로 설치한 후 지반을 제작하고 (1)과 같은 방법으로 핸들을 손으로 돌려 수직가압판을 관입 또는 인발시켜 지반의 거동을 관찰하고 압력눈금판을 통해 지지력의 크기와 침하량 등을 측정할 수 있다.As shown in Fig. 5, after installing the vertical pressure plate (pile) in the plane strain state instead of the horizontal pressure plate manufactured in the same way as the transverse side of the soil in the plane strain rate, the ground is manufactured and the handle is turned by hand in the same manner as in (1). Penetration or drawing of the vertical pressure plate allows the ground to observe the behavior of the ground, and the pressure scale plate can measure the size of the bearing capacity and the settlement.
(3) 옹벽 변위에 대한 실험(3) Experiment for retaining wall displacement
도 6∼7에서와 같이 (1)의 얕은 기초(후팅)의 지지력 실험과 (2)의 깊은 기초(말뚝) 실험과는 달리 착탈식의 전방측판(14)으로 되어 있는 투명토조(21)에서 전방측판(14)의 저단에 있는 힌지(14')를 기점으로 전방측판(14)의 상부가 전후로 회전 가능하게 하므로서 전방측판의 변위에 따른 지반구조의 거동을 알아 볼 수 있는 실험을 할 수 있다.Unlike in the bearing test of the shallow foundation (hook) of (1) and the deep foundation (pile) test of (2), as shown in FIGS. Since the upper part of the front side plate 14 can be rotated back and forth from the hinge 14 'at the bottom of the side plate 14, it is possible to experiment with the ground structure according to the displacement of the front side plate.
(4) 보강토 옹벽 및 보강토 지반의 지지력 실험(4) Test of bearing capacity of reinforced soil retaining wall and reinforced soil foundation
도 8과 같이 투명토조(21)내에 지반형성에 있어서 보강재(천, 부직포, 망 등을 이용)(26)을 프라스틱구슬 층에 적층시켜 이로서 실험(1)∼(3)과 같은 방법으로 실험하므로서 상기 각각의 실험에 따른 지반의 거동을 알아 볼 수 있다.As shown in Fig. 8, the reinforcing material (using cloth, nonwoven fabric, net, etc.) 26 was laminated on the plastic bead layer in the ground formation in the transparent soil 21, thereby experimenting in the same manner as in the experiments (1) to (3). It can be seen the behavior of the ground according to each of the above experiments.
상기 실험이외에도 사면상태실험과 응용에 따라 여러 가지 실험을 할 수 있는 지반구조물의 역학적 거동을 알아 볼 수 있는 학습용 모형실험장치라 할 수 있다.In addition to the above experiments, it can be said to be a model experiment apparatus for learning the mechanical behavior of the ground structure which can perform various experiments according to the slope state experiment and application.
본 발명에 의한 지반구조물의 역학적 거동을 알아 볼 수 있는 학습용 모형실험장치는 토목공학 분야에서 토질역학, 기초공학 등의 지반공학 관련해서 발생하는 여러 가지 형태의 역학적 거동을 즉, 얕은 기초 및 깊은 기초의 지지력 문제, 옹벽이나 보강토 등의 토압문제 사면 등의 거동을 본 장치를 이용한 실험을 통하여 실재 지반의 거동을 모형실험으로 재현해 보임으로서 학생들에게 여러 가지 복잡한 지반공학에 대한 현상을 쉽게 이해할 수 있게 하므로서 학습효과를 높일 수 있는 학습교재용 장치라 할 수 있다.Model learning apparatus for learning the mechanical behavior of the ground structure according to the present invention is a variety of types of mechanical behavior that occurs in connection with geotechnical engineering, such as soil mechanics, basic engineering in the field of civil engineering, that is, shallow foundation and deep foundation Through the experiments, the behavior of the bearing capacity, the retaining wall, and the earth pressure problem such as the retaining wall and the reinforcement soil were reproduced as a model experiment through the experiments, so that students could easily understand the phenomenon of various geotechnical engineering. It can be said to be a device for learning materials that can increase the learning effect.
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| CN102928296B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-02-04 | 河海大学 | Active and passive soil pressure damage simulation analyzer for soil body behind retaining structure |
| CN108982216B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-09-15 | 西南交通大学 | Device for researching pile-soil effect under horizontal load by utilizing transparent soil and testing method thereof |
| CN110485395B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Test device and test method for measuring vertical soil pressure distribution under action of bias load |
| CN110468892A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 中北大学 | A kind of similar soil model experimental rig of two dimension and test method |
| CN113140149B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-01-13 | 淮阴工学院 | Retaining wall soil indoor test model device and installation method thereof |
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| JPH09305096A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-11-28 | Sekisui House Ltd | Simulating device for influence of ground for house |
| JPH11194705A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd | Method and device for deep circular pit model experimentation |
| JPH11296068A (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-29 | Tokyu Constr Co Ltd | Device and method for sand fall |
| KR200290332Y1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2002-09-26 | (주)삼원기술단 | Tunnel lining testing device |
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| JPH09305096A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-11-28 | Sekisui House Ltd | Simulating device for influence of ground for house |
| JPH11194705A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd | Method and device for deep circular pit model experimentation |
| JPH11296068A (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-29 | Tokyu Constr Co Ltd | Device and method for sand fall |
| KR200290332Y1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2002-09-26 | (주)삼원기술단 | Tunnel lining testing device |
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