KR100440238B1 - Optical device system with zero Polarization Mode Dispersion - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system. The polarization mode dispersion compensating optical element system of the present invention, before and after the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide point having a linear birefringence, to compensate for the polarization mode dispersion due to the linear birefringence for the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide having a linear birefringence. At least one compensation linear equal to the magnitude of the linear birefringence and forming a compensation linear birefringence perpendicular to the polarization axis direction of the linear birefringence, or different from the magnitude of the linear birefringence and perpendicular to or parallel to the polarization axis direction of the linear birefringence. A birefringence is formed so that a pressing device, a bending device, a voltage applying device, etc. are provided in an arbitrary region, thereby eliminating or reducing the time delay between the polarization modes caused by the linear birefringence. According to the present invention, in order to compensate for the optical waveguides having an unwanted linear birefringence, by intentionally forming a compensation linear birefringence to improve the maximum transmission distance and the maximum transmission speed of the optical communication system by manufacturing an optical waveguide without polarization mode dispersion You can. In addition, the control of the compensation linear birefringence can be easily applied to the optical system or the optical waveguide device.

Description

Optical device system with zero polarization mode dispersion

The present invention relates to a polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system, in particular, a polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system that eliminates or reduces polarization mode dispersion by adding a compensation linear birefringence for compensating for linear birefringence before and after a point where linear birefringence exists. It is about.

In general, in an optical waveguide such as an optical fiber, linear birefringence is caused by external compression or strain, bending, or bending, and internally, a linear birefringence is insignificant even if the fiber core or cladding is slightly elliptical in the manufacturing process. . When such a linear birefringence is present in a transmission path or waveguide device, a polarization mode dispersion in which pulses spread by generating a speed difference between two polarization modes polarized on two axes of the linear birefringence, a fast axis and a slow axis. This causes the maximum transmission distance and maximum transmission speed in the optical communication system to be limited. If unwanted linear birefringence is present in the optical transmission path or optical waveguide, the performance of the system is degraded. Therefore, in order to maintain the best performance of the system, it is necessary to eliminate the linear birefringence or the polarization mode dispersion caused by the linear birefringence. do.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate or reduce polarization mode dispersion by intentionally adding a compensation linear birefringence to compensate for the linear birefringence before and after the point of the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide having an unwanted linear birefringence. To provide a polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system that can be made.

The polarization mode dispersion compensation optical element system of the present invention for achieving the above object of the present invention, in order to compensate for the polarization mode dispersion due to the linear birefringence for the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide having a linear birefringence, Before and after the optical transmission line and the optical waveguide point, the linear birefringence and the birefringence are the same, and the polarization axis direction and the polarization axis direction of the linear birefringence form a compensation linear birefringence perpendicular to each other, or the size and birefringence of the linear birefringence A time delay between the polarization modes generated by the linear birefringence is provided by providing a compensating linear birefringence generating device in any region so that at least one compensation linear birefringence is formed which is different in size and is perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the polarization axis of the linear birefringence. It is characterized by eliminating or reducing.

In this case, when there are a plurality of linear birefringences in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide, it is preferable to provide at least one compensation linear birefringence generating device selectively before and after the region having the linear birefringence so that a large number of the linear birefringence is formed. . In addition, an optical transmission path and an optical waveguide use optical fibers or planar waveguides.

On the other hand, the compensation linear birefringence generating device, in order to compensate for the time delay occurring in the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide, the compensation linear birefringence of the same size as the linear birefringence and the direction of the polarization axis is vertical or horizontal additionally The pressing device can be used in any of the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide so as to be made, and the pressing device capable of adjusting the degree of compression and the direction of compression so as to be perpendicular or horizontal to the fast axis direction among the polarization axes (speed axis, axis). This pressurizing device has a shape of a tapered hollow space, and forms a female thread inside the inside thereof, and forms through-holes through which an optical transmission path and an optical waveguide can pass, respectively, so as to pressurize according to the rotation speed. A tightening member consisting of a right tightening member and a left tightening member to be adjusted; And a conical shape having a male thread tapered at both ends so that each of the right and left fastening members can be inserted, and an optical transmission path and an optical waveguide fixing hole through which the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide penetrate into the central axis. It is formed, and the support member formed in the groove formed in contact with the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide for mounting the pressing member is applied to the actual pressure. At this time, the pressing member uses any one selected from a plate, a cylinder, and a polygonal column to change the shape of the pressing.

The apparatus for compensating linear birefringence further includes a compensating linear birefringence having the same size as the linear birefringence and having a vertical or horizontal polarization axis direction in order to compensate for the time delay occurring in the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide. By using a bending device that can be adjusted in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide in any region to adjust the bending radius, the number of bending and the bending direction perpendicular or horizontal to the fast axis direction of the polarization axis, or an electro-optic material The electric field applying device or the voltage applying device which can adjust the direction and magnitude which apply an electric field or a voltage to it can be used.

1 is a view showing a process for compensating for polarization mode dispersion caused by linear birefringence in an optical system or an optical waveguide device having a linear birefringence;

2a to 2e schematically illustrate a configuration method that can compensate for polarization mode dispersion by applying or adding linear birefringence to an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide,

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration method capable of compensating polarization mode dispersion by applying or adding a plurality of linear birefringences when a plurality of linear birefringences exist in an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide. FIG.

FIG. 4A illustrates the concept of adding a linear birefringence for compensation by applying pressure to the optical waveguide to compensate for the linear birefringence in an optical system or an optical waveguide device. FIG.

4B is a view illustrating a concept of adding linear birefringence for compensation through bending of an optical waveguide to compensate for linear birefringence in an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide.

FIG. 5A is a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a birefringent optical fiber is formed in one direction using a pressure plate to form a compensation linear birefringence in a state where a linear birefringence is present at an arbitrary length. The concept of compressing, but compressing so that the fast axis direction of the birefringence is parallel to the pressing direction,

5B is a second embodiment of the present invention, by using a pressure plate having an arbitrary compression length to form a compensation linear birefringence in a state where a linear birefringence exists at an arbitrary length to compensate for an unwanted linear birefringence. Figure showing the concept of pressing the optical fiber in different directions at different positions but the biaxial birefringence in the y-direction and another direction, respectively,

FIG. 5C is a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a birefringence axis of linear birefringence is formed by pressing an optical fiber in three different directions at different positions by using a pressure plate.

Figure 5d is a view showing a specific pressing device for pressing the optical fiber,

6a to 6c is a view showing the various forms of the pressure plate,

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an optical waveguide device or optical system for forming a compensation linear birefringence formed by applying a voltage or an electric field to an electro-optic material as a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

5: Optical element or optical system with no or reduced polarization mode dispersion with compensation linear birefringence

10, 10-1, 10-2, ..., 10-n: optical waveguide, optical waveguide device or optical system in which unwanted linear birefringence exists

20, 20-1, 20-2, ..., 20-m: optical waveguide, optical waveguide device or optical system with linear birefringence added for compensation

40: input signal

42: output signal

44: core

50: optical fiber or optical waveguide or optical transmission path

60: A beam polarized in the fast axis direction of the linear birefringence existing in the optical waveguide among the input signals

66: Slow axis of birefringence added to the optical waveguide for compensation

68: A beam in which the incident beam polarized in the linear axis of linear birefringence is polarized and output in the direction of the slow axis of the linear birefringence for compensation

70: Beam inputted by being polarized with a slow axis of linear birefringence existing in the optical waveguide among the input signals

76: fast axis of linear birefringence added to the optical waveguide for compensation

78: A beam in which the incident beam polarized on the axis of the linear birefringence is polarized and output in the fast axis direction of the compensation linear birefringence.

100a: pressure plate

100b: Support plate

P, F: pressing force or pressure

When undesired linear birefringence is in the optical transmission path or optical waveguide, the compensation linear can be easily pressed or bent in a constant direction in the optical transmission path or optical waveguide to compensate for the polarization mode dispersion occurring in the linear birefringence before and after the point of the linear birefringence. May form birefringence. Of course, the size of the compensation linear birefringence varies depending on the size of the pressing or bending, and the axial direction of the birefringence varies depending on the direction of the pressing and bending. In order to compensate for the unwanted linear birefringence, it is desirable that the direction of the compensation linear birefringence to be added is perpendicular to the axial direction (axial axis, axis axis) of the unwanted linear birefringence. That is, it is preferable to make the direction of the biaxial refraction axis (axis axis) to be formed parallel to the direction of the unwanted birefringence axis (axis axis).

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a process of compensating polarization mode dispersion caused by linear birefringence in an optical system or an optical waveguide device having a linear birefringence. As shown in FIG. 1, an input signal (incident beam) 40 passes through an optical system or optical waveguide element 10 with unwanted linear birefringence and forms an optical system or optical waveguide element 20 that forms a compensating linear birefringence. The polarization mode dispersion is compensated for by More specifically, the beam 60 through which the input optical signal 40 is incident on the optical waveguide 10 having linear birefringence and polarized through a slow axis passes through the optical waveguide 20 in which a compensation linear birefringence is formed. The beam 70, which is guided by the fast axis 76 and is incident on the optical waveguide 10 having linear birefringence and polarized through the fast axis, passes through the optical waveguide in which the compensation linear birefringence is formed. 20) and waveguide at the slow axis 66. Therefore, the time delay between the two polarization modes 68 and 78 that have undergone the compensation birefringence can eliminate or reduce the time delay between the two polarization modes by adjusting the size and length of the compensation birefringence.

First, suppose that the axial direction of the compensation linear birefringence to be added to compensate for the unwanted linear birefringence is perpendicular to the axial direction (speed axis, axis) of the unwanted linear birefringence as shown in FIG. 1. Then the incident beam (polarization mode) is polarized in the direction of the axis of the unwanted linear birefringence, After passing the unwanted linear birefringence region, the oscillation in the direction of the axis of the Will go through the area of birefringence for phosphorus compensation, Can be represented by Equation 1 below. Similarly, an incident beam (another polarization mode) is polarized in the direction of the axis of the unwanted linear birefringence, After passing the unwanted linear birefringence region, the oscillation in the direction of Will go through the area of birefringence for phosphorus compensation, Can be represented by Equation 2 below.

ㆍ ····· [Formula 1]

ㆍ ····· [Formula 2]

From here, and Is the effective refractive index of the polarized modes in the direction of each axis and axis of the unwanted linear birefringence, and Is the effective refractive index of the polarized modes in the direction of the axis and the axis of the compensating linear birefringence, and c is the speed of light.

In the above two equations, the time difference between the two polarization modes that guide the optical waveguide can be obtained. Time difference In this case, it can be expressed by Equation 3 below.

ㆍ ····· [Formula 3]

From here and Denotes the magnitude of the linear birefringence present in the first grating and the second grating, respectively.

if, The length of this first grid If we have uniform linear birefringence at, to compensate for the time difference between two polarization modes Compensation birefringence shall be designed to satisfy. That is, the length of the second grating required to compensate for the time delay caused by the linear birefringence of the first grating And magnitude of linear birefringence Are each Or Should be. Because of this if the length of the grid and In case of equalizing, birefringence of the first grating and the second grating and Should be the same, and If is not equal to the length to compensate polarization mode dispersion and Should be different. If birefringence is the size of each , , ..., And each length , , ..., If there are n undesired linear birefringences and all of their axial directions are the same or perpendicular to each other, one compensation linear birefringence can compensate polarization mode dispersion, and the required size of the compensation birefringence Has a length If fixed

And the birefringence Uniform birefringence required if fixed Is

Must be equal to In the above equation, the + sign is the case where the axial direction of the compensating birefringence is perpendicular to the axial direction of the unwanted birefringence, and the-sign is the case where the axial directions of the birefringence coincide with each other. In the present invention, to make the axial direction of the compensating birefringence coincide with or parallel to the axial direction of the unwanted birefringence is the same as the axial direction of the compensation birefringence and the unwanted birefringence, and the axis direction of the compensation birefringence and the unwanted birefringence This means that the birefringence for compensation is formed to be the same in the axis direction. Also, making the axial direction of the compensating birefringence perpendicular to the axial direction of the undesired birefringence means that the biaxial direction of the compensation birefringence and the biaxial direction of the undesired birefringence are perpendicular to each other, and the biaxial direction of the compensation birefringence and the biaxial direction of the unwanted birefringence. This means that the birefringence for compensation is formed to be perpendicular to each other. If the axial direction of these undesired birefringence is constant and the magnitude of the birefringence changes with time, the linear birefringence can be compensated by adjusting the above equation to maintain the magnitude of the linear birefringence without changing the axial direction of the compensating linear birefringence. . That is, the polarization mode dispersion can be eliminated.

If birefringence is the size of each , , ..., And each length , , ..., If there are n undesired linear birefringences and the number of birefringences that are the same or perpendicular to each other is grouped to m, then m compensation linear birefringences are applied to the optical waveguide or the optical transmission path. It must be formed or added. Compensation birefringence required at this time And length Follows the principle described above. For example, the biaxial birefringence direction is Angle (in the x-axis direction relative to the y-axis direction Are two undesired birefringence directions, each of which is , And the size of birefringence , And the biaxial birefringence direction is There is one undesired birefringence that is each of size and length , , The required compensation birefringence size Is

Must be the same as Is

Must be equal to If size And the length If the magnitude of the enclosed birefringence and the birefringence's axial direction change with time, adjust the magnitude and axial direction of the compensation linear birefringence.

2A to 2E are schematic views illustrating a configuration method capable of compensating polarization mode dispersion by applying or adding linear birefringence to an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide.

Specifically, FIG. 2A shows a compensation optical birefringence following a birefringence optical waveguide 10 to compensate for an undesired birefringence in an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide 10 having an optical waveguide 10 having an unwanted linear birefringence. It is a diagram showing that the polarization mode dispersion is compensated by providing or adding the optical waveguide 20 to be formed. Reference numeral 40 denotes an input signal, 42 denotes an output signal, and 5 denotes an optical device or an optical waveguide device having no or reduced polarization mode dispersion with the addition of a compensating linear birefringence. The same applies.

FIG. 2B shows the compensation linear birefringence before the optical waveguide 10 with the unwanted linear birefringence or the optical waveguide 10 with the unwanted linear birefringence in order to compensate for the unwanted birefringence in the optical waveguide 50. It is a diagram showing that the polarization mode dispersion is compensated by providing or adding the optical waveguide 20 to be formed.

FIG. 2C shows an optical waveguide having an optical waveguide 10 having n linear birefringences or an optical waveguide in which one compensation birefringence is formed when the axes of these unwanted birefringences are the same or perpendicular to each other in the optical waveguide 50. FIG. 20 shows compensation of polarization mode dispersion by forming or adding 20 to the optical waveguide 10 having n linear birefringences.

FIG. 2D shows an optical transmission path having an optical waveguide 10 having n undesired linear birefringences or an optical waveguide in which one compensation birefringence is formed when the axes of these undesired birefringences are the same or perpendicular to each other. FIG. 20 shows compensation of polarization mode dispersion by adding or adding 20 between the optical waveguides 10 having n linear birefringences.

FIG. 2E illustrates the grouping of two of these undesired linear birefringences in the optical transmission path or optical waveguide 50 having n undesired linear birefringences of which n are the same or perpendicular to each other. When the number of branches is m, the polarization mode dispersion is compensated by forming or adding to the optical waveguide or the optical transmission path 20 in which m compensation linear birefringences are formed to completely compensate for this. Of course, these m compensation linear birefringence can be formed in different ways, and can be adjusted if the size or direction of the unwanted birefringence changes. Also, the arrangement order of these m compensation linear birefringences and unwanted linear birefringences can be in any order.

3 is a configuration method for compensating polarization mode dispersion by applying or adding a plurality of compensation linear birefringences to each of the birefringences when a plurality of unwanted linear birefringences exist in an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide. It is a schematic drawing. As shown in FIG. 3, the polarization mode dispersion is compensated by forming or adding optical waveguides 20 in which a plurality of compensation linear birefringences are formed before and after each optical waveguide 10 having unwanted linear birefringence, respectively. It can be seen that a plurality of optical elements or optical waveguide elements 5 having no or reduced polarization mode dispersion with the addition of a compensable linear birefringence are formed.

FIG. 4A illustrates a concept of adding a linear birefringence for compensation by applying pressure to the optical waveguide to compensate for the linear birefringence in the optical system or the optical waveguide device. Referring to FIG. 4A, when the pressing or force P is applied in the y-axis direction, the birefringence in which the direction (y-direction) to be applied is made into the axis 76 and the x-axis direction (x-direction) is the axis 66 is referred to. Occurs, and the size of the birefringence Is an optical fiber waveguide of silica with radius r Same as Therefore, the amount of linear birefringence varies depending on the force (F) or pressure (P) applied, and the direction of the birefringence can also be adjusted by adjusting the direction of the applied force. Here, the size and length of the birefringence required for compensation is of course the following equation, Follow.

4B is a diagram illustrating a concept of adding a linear birefringence for compensation through bending of an optical waveguide to compensate for the linear birefringence in an optical transmission path or an optical waveguide. As shown in Figure 4b, the size of the linear birefringence caused when bending the optical fiber made of silica so that the bending radius is R Is

Is the same as When the bending radius is bent uniformly

to be.

Therefore, in order to increase the length, the bending frequency may be increased or the bending radius may be increased. In addition, to increase the birefringence size, the bending radius may be reduced.

FIG. 5A is a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a birefringent optical fiber is formed in one direction by using a compression plate to form a compensation linear birefringence in a state where a linear birefringence exists at an arbitrary length. It is a figure which shows the concept of compressing, but compressing so that the fast axis direction of birefringence may be parallel to a compression direction. As shown in FIG. 5A to prevent polarization mode dispersion, the length with the unwanted linear birefringence When the optical waveguide 10 is present, the pressing plate 100a and the optical waveguide 50 support the pressure waveguide 50 so that a compensation birefringence having an axis direction in a direction parallel to the axis direction of the linear birefringence occurs in the optical waveguide 50. Compensation linear birefringence is formed by pressing P the optical waveguide between the supporting plates 100b. In other words, a compensation linear birefringence is formed in which the pressing P direction and the birefringence axial direction are parallel to each other.

5B is a second embodiment of the present invention, by using a pressure plate having an arbitrary compression length to form a compensation linear birefringence in a state where a linear birefringence exists at an arbitrary length to compensate for an unwanted linear birefringence. Figure 2 shows the concept of compressing optical fibers in different directions at different positions, but compressing the biaxial birefringence in the y and other directions, respectively. As shown in Figure 5b, using the pressing plate (100a) is pressing in different directions at different positions, the pressing length is respectively , And an optical system or an optical waveguide device for forming a linear birefringence for compensation in which the biaxial refraction axis direction is the y direction and the other direction, respectively. As such, when the two areas are pressed (P, F), two compensation birefringences are simultaneously generated. This is an example of where two unwanted birefringences exist where the axial directions are not parallel or perpendicular to each other. In the presence of more unwanted birefringence, multiple pressure plates can be operated independently or simultaneously to fully compensate for polarization mode dispersion. At this time, if the magnitude and axis of the unwanted birefringence changes, the optical system and the optical waveguide device without polarization mode dispersion that can adapt to external changes can be realized by adjusting the direction and magnitude of the pressing (P, F).

FIG. 5C is a view showing a concept of forming a linear birefringence with different birefringence axes of linear birefringence by pressing an optical fiber in three different directions at different positions using a pressure plate as a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5d is a view showing a specific pressing device for pressing the optical fiber. As shown in FIG. 5D, as an example of a specific device for applying pressure to the optical waveguide, the optical waveguide pressurization device is largely provided with a fastening member 400 provided at both sides, a support member 500 inserted into the fastening member 400, Compression member 300 is pressed in contact with the optical waveguide 50. The pressing member 300 performs the same function as the pressing plate 100a of FIG. 5A, and the supporting member 500 performs the same role as the supporting plate 100b of FIG. 5A.

The fastening member 400 is composed of a right fastening member 400 and the left fastening member 400, the fastening member 400 is in the shape of a tapered empty space therein, and forms a female thread therein Through holes through which the optical waveguide can pass are formed at each end. The fastening member 400 is preferably made of a plastic or iron component to tighten the support member 500 with a sufficient force.

The support member 500 has a conical shape that is tapered at both ends, and the optical waveguide 50 penetrates through the central axis thereof, and an optical waveguide fixing hole in which the optical waveguide is internally fixed can be formed. In addition, a portion is cut in an arbitrary direction from the central axis of the support member 500, which is to seat the pressing member 300 in the optical waveguide, and cut slightly larger than the diameter and height of the pressing member 300. Let's do it. In addition, the support member 500 is provided with a male screw thread at a portion thereof so as to be interpolated by the rotation of the fastening member 400.

On the other hand, in order to expose the outer peripheral surface portion of the pressing member 300 by the engineer to easily rotate the pressing member 300 is vertically cut from the support member 500 to the upper surface of the pressing member 300. In addition, the supporting member 500 is cut off at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the optical waveguide axis at the center of the pressing member 300 so as to be interlocked according to the pressure of the tightening member 400.

6a to 6c are views showing various forms of the pressure plate. 6A to 6C, various forms of the pressing plate 100a shown in FIG. 5 are shown, and when the pressing plate is applied to the optical waveguide pressurizing device shown in FIG. 5D, a supporting member ( The form of 500 will have to be modified.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an optical waveguide device or optical system for forming a compensation linear birefringence formed by applying a voltage or an electric field to an electro-optic material as a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, x-cut lithium niobate (LiNb0 ₃ ) is an electro-optical waveguide device commonly used as an optical modulator. If a voltage is applied between ground (G) and the electrode, Is formed in the y-direction, the effective refractive index of the TE mode and the TM mode changes, and the birefringence end

Become like

Where only Means the overlap integral of electric field and light wave, Is approximately equal to the length of the waveguide or electrode and is the length of the resulting birefringence. Also , Is the electro-optic coefficient.

Since the electro-optic coefficient of Z-cut lithium niobate is greater than that of X-cut lithium niobate, less voltage or electric field is required when using Z-cut lithium niobate instead. The magnitude of birefringence and the axial direction of the birefringence vary depending on the electro-optic material used and the direction in which the electrode is applied. Therefore, a plurality of unwanted birefringences can be compensated for when voltages are independently applied to different positions at different positions.

As described above, the polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system according to the present invention, by intentionally forming a linear birefringence to compensate for the optical waveguides having an unwanted linear birefringence by manufacturing an optical waveguide without polarization mode dispersion The maximum transmission distance and maximum transmission speed of the system can be improved. In addition, it is easy to control the linear birefringence and can be easily applied to an optical system or an optical waveguide device.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it will be apparent that many modifications are possible by those skilled in the art within the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (13)

To compensate for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the linear birefringence by eliminating or reducing the time delay between the polarization modes caused by the linear birefringence for the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide with the linear birefringence, the size of the linear birefringence and the Polarization mode distributed compensation optical element, characterized in that to provide a compensation linear birefringence generating device for forming a compensation linear birefringence perpendicular to the direction of the polarization axis of the linear birefringence, before and after the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide point having the linear birefringence system. In order to compensate for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the linear birefringence by eliminating or reducing the time delay between the polarization modes caused by the linear birefringence for the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide with a linear birefringence, And a compensation linear birefringence generating device for forming at least one compensation linear birefringence perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the polarization axis of the linear birefringence, wherein the optical birefringence and the optical waveguide point having the linear birefringence are selectively provided. Mode distributed compensation optical device system. To compensate for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the linear birefringence by eliminating or reducing the time delay between the polarization modes caused by the linear birefringence for the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide with the linear birefringence, the size of the linear birefringence and the Tunable compensation birefringence to form a compensation linear birefringence perpendicular to the direction of the polar birefringence of the linear birefringence, or to form at least one compensation linear birefringence different from the magnitude of the linear birefringence and perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the polarization axis of the linear birefringence And a generation device is selectively provided before and after the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide point having the linear birefringence. 4. The compensation linear birefringence according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of linear birefringences are selectively formed before and after a region where the linear birefringence is formed when the linear birefringence is present in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide. A polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system comprising at least one generation device. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the compensation linear birefringence generating device comprises: When n linear birefringences exist in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide, m polarization mode distributed compensation optical elements are provided by grouping linear birefringences which are the same or perpendicular to each other in the n linear birefringences. System, where n and m are integers, ) The method of claim 5, wherein the linear birefringence generating device for compensation, The magnitude of the linear birefringence of the i th group among the m groups having the same or perpendicular axis direction to the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide is respectively , , ..., And the length of the linear birefringence is , , ..., If, the magnitude of the compensating birefringence And length The polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system, characterized in that provided according to the following [Equation 1] and [Equation 2]. [Formula 1] [Formula 2] (Where i = 1, 2, ..., m, and the + sign is the case where the axial direction of the birefringence is perpendicular to the axial direction of the compensating linear birefringence, and the-sign is the compensation linear The case coincides with the biaxial refraction axis.) The polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide are optical fibers. The polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide are planar waveguides. 4. The compensation linear birefringence generating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compensation linear birefringence generating device has the same magnitude as that of the linear birefringence in order to compensate for the time delay occurring in the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide. The degree of compression, compression direction or compression position provided in any of the optical transmission paths and optical waveguides so as to further create a vertical or horizontal compensation birefringence to be perpendicular or horizontal to the fast axis direction among the polarization axes. Polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system, characterized in that the adjustable pressure device. The method of claim 9, wherein the pressurizing device Its shape is tapered empty space, and female thread is formed in the inside, and through-holes through which the optical transmission path and optical waveguide can pass are respectively formed at one end to adjust the degree of pressurization according to the rotation speed. A tightening member comprising a right tightening member and a left tightening member; And The conical shape is tapered at both ends so that each of the right and left fastening members can be inserted, and a male thread is formed. The optical axis and the optical waveguide penetrate the optical axis and the optical waveguide. Support member for seating the pressure member is applied pressure; Polarization mode distributed compensation optical device system comprising a. The polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system of claim 10, wherein the pressing member is any one selected from a plate, a cylinder, and a polygonal column to change the shape of the pressing member. 4. The compensation linear birefringence generating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compensation linear birefringence generating device has the same magnitude as that of the linear birefringence in order to compensate for the time delay occurring in the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide. The bending radius, the number of bending and the bending direction provided in any region of the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide so as to further create a vertical or horizontal compensation linear birefringence, which is perpendicular or horizontal to the fast axis direction of the polarization axis. Polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system, characterized in that the adjustable bending device. 4. The compensation linear birefringence generating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compensation linear birefringence generating device has the same magnitude as that of the linear birefringence in order to compensate for the time delay occurring in the linear birefringence in the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide. An electric field or voltage is applied to an electro-optic material which is provided in an arbitrary region of the optical transmission path and the optical waveguide so as to additionally make the vertical or horizontal compensation birefringence to be perpendicular or horizontal to the fast axis direction among the polarization axes. A polarization mode distributed compensation optical element system, characterized in that the electric field application device or voltage application device capable of adjusting the direction and size.