CN100447600C - Compensation method for polarization mode dispersion by using high birefringence uniform fiber grating and structure thereof - Google Patents
Compensation method for polarization mode dispersion by using high birefringence uniform fiber grating and structure thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100447600C CN100447600C CNB2006101698976A CN200610169897A CN100447600C CN 100447600 C CN100447600 C CN 100447600C CN B2006101698976 A CNB2006101698976 A CN B2006101698976A CN 200610169897 A CN200610169897 A CN 200610169897A CN 100447600 C CN100447600 C CN 100447600C
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Abstract
The method and structure using high dual refraction even optical fiber grating compensation polarization mould chromatic aberration features in the even optical grating writing to the polarizing optical fiber, a carrier with the width changeable along the length direction with one end fixed and one free. Fixing the optical grating with glue or some other ways to the carrier with the axial direction of the grating consistent with the carrier length, forming a changeable unit, and the carrier functioning as the strain adjusting device along the axis of the optical grating. It connects with a polarization controller and a maintaining fiber or dual refraction crystalline through the three end ring to form a making process with easy realization, low cost, flexible structure, and dynamic adjustable polarization mould chromatic aberration compensator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and structure and preparation thereof that utilizes high birefringence uniform fiber grating compensated optical fiber polarization mode dispersion (PMD, Polarization Mode Dispersion); Be mainly used in speed fiber optic communication systems because the fiber PMD that the optical fiber asymmetry is caused compensation; Belong to technical field of optical fiber communication.
Background technology
Because people increase day by day to the demand of quantity of information, high capacity, long Distance Transmission are the target that Fibre Optical Communication Technology is pursued forever, from 10Gb/s to 40Gb/s, especially more than the 40Gb/s, the fiber PMD of looking that originally is not held in esteem becomes the major obstacle that the restriction optical fiber telecommunications system is upgraded and developed gradually.So the PMD compensation technique has been subjected to domestic and international researchist's extensive concern since the eighties of last century the nineties.
The PMD compensation technique can simply be divided into two classes: electric territory PMD compensation, light territory PMD compensation.PMD compensation in light territory has the conversion of the photoelectricity of need not light, signal format is transparent, bandwidth is big, is not subjected to advantages such as electronic bottleneck restriction, also is to be expected to one of PMD compensation scheme that solves the above high speed optical communication system of 40Gbit/s.Its compensatory michanism be by at the receiving end of transmission line additional with fibre circuit PMD vector equal and opposite in direction but the opposite compensating unit of direction, be zero thereby make to the PMD of the whole circuit of signal receiving end at signal input part, its ultimate principle as shown in Figure 1.
Because the PMD characteristic is different with other characteristic of optical fiber such as loss, chromatic dispersion, it is a variable at random, and a general PMD compensator comprises four parts: Polarization Controller; The variable time delay line; Feedback signal probe unit and control module, as shown in Figure 2.The effect of Polarization Controller is to change the polarization state that signal is input to the variable time delay line, perhaps is interpreted as the PMD vector that changes the PMD compensator, makes it opposite with PMD direction vector in the circuit.The variable time delay line is used to change the time delay size, promptly changes the mould of the PMD vector of compensator, makes the PMD equal and opposite in direction in itself and the circuit.The feedback signal probe unit is an amount of describing the PMD degree of compensation, and control module then is made up of control algolithm (software section) and control circuit (hardware components) two parts, is used for making the PMD compensator make real-time adjusting according to the variation of circuit PMD.One of key of PMD compensator is the variable time delay line.A compensation performance is good, and fast compensator of response time to the basic demand of line of time delay is: have big delay adjusting scope, have the response time fast, it is little and simple and compact for structure etc. to insert loss.
The variable time delay line of compensating unit generally has following several in the PMD compensator at present: a, polarization maintaining optical fibre; B, optical device; C, birefringence LiNbO
3Waveguiding structure; D, high birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating etc.Polarization maintaining optical fibre generally adopts adjustment Differential Group Delay (DGD, Differential Group Delay), and response speed is relatively slow, and range of adjustment is smaller, and operability is low.Optical device is to adopt polarization beam apparatus, changes time delay thereby change the free space optical path difference, and this structure is relatively complicated.Wherein, fiber grating has all optical fibre structure, and is dexterous compact, DGD can be adjustable continuously on a large scale etc. advantage, cause researcher's concern in recent years.Birefringence fiber has different delay inequalities to different input polarizations, and raster nonlinearity is warbled and made this grating DGD have controllability.Lee, people such as S (Photonics Technology Letters photon technology wall bulletin, in October, 1999,11 10 phases of volume, 1277-1279 page or leaf) propose to adopt the birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating to carry out the method for PMD compensation first.Their Pan Z of group afterwards, Xie Y, people such as Lee S have carried out optimizing (OFC meeting in 2000, the 3rd volume 113-115 page or leaf) to syndeton again.The birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating can utilize non-linear chirp mask plate ultraviolet to be written on the photosensitive optical fiber of birefringence, perhaps utilizes the linear chrip mask plate by the uv-exposure time generation non-linear chirp of control to the photosensitive optical fiber of birefringence.Yet these methods or need expensive non-linear chirp mask plate perhaps need the accurately time shutter of control, the manufacturing technology poor repeatability, thus ratio defective product is quite low.And different DGD adjustable extents need different phase mask plates, have increased the cost of product especially.Based on this, people (Opt.Comm. optical communication, 2002 such as Xu Kun, 202 phase 297-302 pages or leaves) a kind of adjustable PMD compensator based on the sampling optical-fiber grating structure has been proposed, sampled-grating can utilize even phase mask plate to make, but the manufacturing sampling fiber grating difficulty is bigger, and repeatability is relatively poor.Subsequently, people's (Opt.Comm. optical communications such as Xia Zhang, 2002,214 phase 123-127 pages or leaves) delivered the adjustable PMD design of Compensator of a kind of linear chirp optical fiber grating type scheme, adopt the method that grating is applied lateral stress, produce stress birefrin, thereby regulate fiber grating DGD, this scheme is owing to exert pressure to the fiber grating side direction, and we know optical fiber especially fiber grating is relatively more fragile when lateral force, fracture easily, thus have a greatly reduced quality on the dependability.But the PMD compensator of above structure all is based on linear chirp optical fiber grating or non-linear chirp grating, generally needs the high phase mask plate of warbling of cost to make.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method and structure that utilizes high birefringence uniform fiber grating compensating polarization mode dispersion, this PMD compensating device preparation is simple, structure is dexterous, DGD is easy to continuously adjustable, to solve birth defects such as complex manufacturing technology, cost height, poor repeatability and reliability that more current grating type optical fiber PMD compensators exist be low.
The objective of the invention is by following realization:
A kind of method and structure that utilizes high birefringence uniform fiber grating compensation PMD is characterized in that comprising: variable time delay line 4 is made up of two parts: the object carrier 2 that a high birefringence uniform fiber grating 1 and a width that is used to adhere to change along its length.Object carrier 2 has homogeneous thickness, but its width is the function f (z) of a variation along object carrier length z direction.Object carrier 2 one ends are fixed, and the other end is the free state placement.Its function is as optical grating axial strain adjusted device.The port b that fiber grating signal input part and has the optical fiber circulator 6 of three ports links to each other, before circulator port a, connect Polarization Controller 5, circulator port c connects one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal 7, adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator 11 to guarantee that its PMD vector is opposite with the PMD direction vector of fiber grating during connection, thereby regulate the DGD variation range of compensator of the present invention, through coupling mechanism or beam splitter 10 signal is outputed to receiving end then, enter control module 9 through coupling mechanism beam splitting rear section signal by feedback signal probe unit 8, carry out the self-adaptation adjusting to Polarization Controller 5 and the variable time delay line 4 that is somebody's turn to do based on fiber grating, constitute a complete PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating.
Under temperature-resistant condition, uniform fiber grating is applied axial stress ε (z) (z represents the optical grating axial position), then, can obtain grating and be shown at the Bragg at z place wavelength table owing to the elastic effect of optical fiber:
λ(z)＝2n
eff[Λ
0+Λ
0(1-ρ
e)ε(z)] (1)
In the formula, optical fibre refractivity n
Eff, ρ
eBe elasto-optical coefficient, Λ
0The cycle of expression uniform fiber grating.Can find out directly that by following formula the reflection Bragg wavelength shift size and the stress of fiber grating are directly related.If grating is applied a gradient gradual change stress, because the variation of grating effective period, the Bragg wavelength will be along grating length direction linear change, thereby makes uniform fiber grating become linear chirp optical fiber grating.And if the stress that applies is a nonlinear function along axle z direction, then as can be known, uniform fiber grating will develop into a nonlinearly chirped fiber grating this moment.Therefore, if a high birefringence uniform fiber grating is axially applied non-linear stress at it, then this grating develops into a high birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating.Signal is through introducing a variable time delay amount between grating two speed polarization principal axis directions behind the optical grating reflection.And the nonlinear relationship of reflection wavelength and reflection position has determined character such as the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) of grating and DGD, thereby make grating have the DGD regulating power.Therefore, by designing suitable grating stress distribution field, the grating characteristic that can obtain to expect.
Variable time delay line structure of the present invention mainly comprises two parts: the object carrier 2 that a high birefringence uniform fiber grating 1 and a width change along its length, and this object carrier one end is fixed, and the other end is free state.Grating can utilize ultraviolet glue or other adhesive curing to object carrier.If grating length is l, object carrier is long to be L, and thickness is t, and width is w (z) with the function representation that the object carrier length direction changes.Apply a side-play amount Y at object carrier 2 free ends, then produce the stress field of an axial nonlinear Distribution, thereby make birefringence uniform fiber grating 1 be converted into birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating 3, two kinds of situations are arranged when applying side-play amount, a kind of is that grating is produced racking strain, grating is diminished in axial Bragg period everywhere, and a kind of is that grating is produced stretching action, makes grating become big in axial Bragg period everywhere.A key character of this grating is that its DGD is adjustable, because, produce axial non-linear stress distribution ε (z) by changing the free-ended side-play amount of object carrier, and then dynamic adjustments grating DGD.
In one of the high birefringence uniform fiber grating complete PMD compensator structure, the feedback signal probe unit, the feedback control structure of compositions such as control module and Polarization Controller is by the extensive a kind of mode of approval of numerous researchists.Content keypoint of the present invention is at the variable time delay line structure 4 based on uniform fiber grating.Another content of this invention is: connect one section at the c of circulator 6 end and have a specific DGD value τ
FixPolarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal 7, when connecting, adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator 11 to guarantee that its PMD vector is opposite with fiber grating PMD direction vector.Its objective is the DGD range of adjustment that is used to change this variable time delay line structure 4, i.e. minimum value and maximal value.Birefringence uniform fiber grating 1 has an initial value DGD value τ
0, non-linear stress has determined the amplitude of accommodation Δ τ of DGD.Can know that this variable time delay line DGD range of adjustment is (τ
0-τ
Fix, τ
0-τ
Fix+ Δ τ), if make τ
Fix=τ
0, it is dynamically adjustable continuously that then this variable time delay line structure 4 can be implemented in (0, Δ τ) scope.
The implementation method of described PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating may further comprise the steps:
First selects common polarization maintaining optical fibre (can be structures such as panda type, knot type, D type) or mixes the photosensitive polarization maintaining optical fibre of germanium and hydrogen carries.Major parameter is little according to being that the birefringence of polarization maintaining optical fibre or bat are grown up when selecting optical fiber, because birefringence big more (little) is promptly clapped long more little (greatly), the initial DGD value of the fiber grating that writes on it is big more (little) just, and the range of adjustment of correspondence is with regard to big more (little).Utilize ultraviolet to write technology, this section polarization maintaining optical fibre is carried out ultraviolet by even phase mask plate write grating, form dielectric grid uniform fiber grating 1.
Second adopts curing glue such as ultraviolet glue or alternate manner that this grating is adhered on the object carrier 2 that a width changes along its length.Object carrier 2 one ends are fixed, and an end is free state.The free end side-play amount is regulated can be by stepping, raise the clothes motor or have voltage-strain-responsive characteristic material, carry out as piezoelectric ceramics etc. automatically controlled, thereby strain is regulated to optical grating axial.
The 3rd links to each other this optical grating construction with one or three end circulators, 6 port b, and connects Polarization Controller before circulator 6 port a, and the c end utilizes to be protected inclined to one side heat sealing machine and connect one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal 7 with suitable DGD value, is used for the adjustment of DGD variation range.Adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator 11 to guarantee that its PMD vector is opposite with the PMD direction vector of fiber grating during connection.
The 4th selects feedback signal, and the software and hardware part of design control module is carried out encapsulation process, can constitute the described PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating of this invention.
Major advantage of the present invention is: adopted and made the high birefringence uniform fiber grating simple, that yield rate is high, cheap, but not needed expensive nonlinear phase mask plate, and made the high birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber grating complicated, that technological requirement is high.The piezoceramic material that can adopt stepper motor, raise the clothes motor or have voltage-strain-responsive characteristic object carrier free end skew carries out side-play amount control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a PMD bucking-out system synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a PMD compensator structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the variable time delay line structure synoptic diagram (a) based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating of the present invention, high birefringence uniform fiber grating structural representation (b): signal is introduced a variable time delay amount through between optical grating reflection two speed polarization principal axis directions;
Fig. 4 is the PMD compensator structure synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating;
Fig. 5 is the variable time delay line structure vertical view that the present invention is based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating;
Fig. 6 be the free end offset Y apart from the time, fiber grating is applied the design sketch of overlooking of non-linear stress: (a) fashion of extrusion, (b) stretching mode;
Fig. 7 is the time lag curve synoptic diagram of birefringence fiber grating under different side-play amounts;
Fig. 8 is the variation relation synoptic diagram of DGD with side-play amount;
When Fig. 9 is linear decrease (a), non-linear increase (b) or non-linear successively decreasing (c) situation of change for the function that changes along its length when the object carrier width based on the variable time delay line structure synoptic diagram of high birefringence uniform fiber grating.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is further described.
Need know the compensate for channel wavelength of this PMD compensator, the PMD variation range in the actual fiber circuit etc. in advance during the PMD design of Compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating of the present invention, thereby determine the birefringence size of the polarization maintaining optical fibre selected for use, write the center Bragg wavelength of grating, grating and object carrier length, and the object carrier width is along grating and the axial parameters such as variation function of object carrier.The specific design thinking that proposes according to this inventive concept can be summarized as follows:
At first, measure and add up the PMD distribution situation in the actual fiber circuit, thereby determine the DGD range of adjustment of PMD compensator, object carrier length, width variation function is along its length designed, this is one of pith of the present invention.
Secondly,, select suitable phase mask plate, utilize ultraviolet to write technology and write the Bragg wavelength fiber grating consistent with channel wavelength at polarization maintaining optical fibre according to the compensate for channel wavelength.
The one section polarization maintaining optical fibre that then, need be identified for that the DGD variation range regulates or the DGD size of birefringece crystal.It is (0, Δ τ) that general PMD compensator requires variable time delay unit range of adjustment, therefore, makes the PMD vector of this section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal opposite with initial p MD vector (when promptly the not having strain) direction of fiber grating, equal and opposite in direction.
At last, the port b that has the optical fiber circulator 6 of three ports at fiber grating shown in Figure 31 signal input part and links to each other, before circulator 6 port a, connect Polarization Controller 5, circulator 6 port c connect one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal 7, adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator 11 to guarantee that its PMD vector is opposite with the PMD direction vector of fiber grating during connection, thereby regulate the DGD variation range of compensator of the present invention, through coupling mechanism or beam splitter 10 signal is outputed to receiving end then, enter control module 9 through coupling mechanism 10 beam splitting rear section signals by feedback signal probe unit 8, carry out the self-adaptation adjusting to Polarization Controller 5 and the variable time delay line 4 that is somebody's turn to do based on fiber grating, can design and realize the PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 3, the variable time delay unit 4 based on the PMD compensator of high birefringence uniform fiber grating of the present invention design is made up of two parts: the object carrier 2 that a high birefringence uniform fiber grating 1 and a width that is used to adhere to change along its length.Object carrier 2 has homogeneous thickness, but its width is the function f (z) of a variation along object carrier length z direction.Object carrier 2 one ends are fixed, and the other end is the free state placement.Its function is as optical grating axial strain adjusted device.Fig. 5 is the variable time delay line structure vertical view based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating.Select the object carrier of a wedge structure, the width of this object carrier increases with length is linear, and is can mathematical description as follows:
W in the formula
Fix, w
FreeBe respectively object carrier stiff end and free end width.If apply a side-play amount Y along the y direction at free end, shown in Fig. 6 (a) (fashion of extrusion), according to the moment curvature equation then can know by inference along axle z to the stress that produces respectively function be:
(3)
R in the formula (z) is the radius-of-curvature that object carrier is ordered at axial z.Fig. 7 is that the birefringence fiber grating is at different side-play amount Y
1, Y
2(Y
1＜Y
2) the following variation synoptic diagram of time lag curve.As can be seen, under different side-play amounts, the time lag curve of birefringence fiber grating is in its slope difference of a certain certain wave strong point, thus change DGD value.Work as Y
1＜Y
2The time, corresponding DGD relation is Δ τ
1＜Δ τ
2, Fig. 8 has provided the variation relation synoptic diagram that a certain specific wavelength is channel wavelength place fiber grating DGD value and side-play amount.Δ τ
0Refer to grating DGD value when unstressed, we choose one section DGD value and are Δ τ like this
0Polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal, by interface unit shown in Figure 6, and encapsulation can realize the PMD compensator structure based on uniform fiber grating of the present invention.
Embodiment two:
When applying side-play amount, edge-y direction applies side-play amount, and this situation has quite applied a tensile strain to grating, makes grating elongated in whole axial Bragg period everywhere, and the effect synoptic diagram is shown in Fig. 6 (b).Other step is then with embodiment one.
Embodiment three:
The function of above-mentioned two object carrier width variations along its length that embodiment adopted all is linear increasing.And in actual applications, can also linear decrease, non-linear increase or the non-linear variation of successively decreasing.The purpose that reaches is the same, even variable time delay line DGD value dynamic adjustable.Object carrier synoptic diagram under these three kinds of situations is respectively as Fig. 9 (a) (b) shown in (c).
Realization in order to demonstrate the invention; the foregoing description has been described; but the modification of other variation of the present invention; it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that; the present invention is not limited to described embodiment; therefore, at the true spirit of the disclosed content of the present invention and any modification variation or the equivalent transformation in the cardinal rule scope, all belong to claim protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of structure of utilizing high birefringence uniform fiber grating compensated optical fiber polarization mode dispersion PMD is characterized in that comprising: the variable time delay line that the object carrier (2) that is changed along its length by a high birefringence uniform fiber grating (1) and the width that is used to adhere to is formed; Object carrier (2) has homogeneous thickness, but its width is the function f (z) of a variation along object carrier length z direction; Its change curve is linear increase or reduce, and perhaps for non-linear increase or reduce, and that object carrier (2) thickness keeps is evenly constant; Object carrier (2) one ends are fixed, and the other end is free state, applies a side-play amount at object carrier (2) free end, then produces the stress field of an axial nonlinear Distribution, constitutes fiber grating axial strain regulating device; Second port (b) that fiber grating signal input part and has the optical fiber circulator (6) of three ports links to each other, at optical fiber circulator (6) the first preceding connection Polarization Controllers of port (a) (5), optical fiber circulator (6) the 3rd port (c) connects one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal (7), pass through coupling mechanism (10) then signal is outputed to receiving end, enter control module (9) through coupling mechanism (10) beam splitting rear section signal by feedback signal probe unit (8), to Polarization Controller (5) with carry out self-adaptation based on the variable time delay line (4) of fiber grating and regulate, constitute a complete PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating.
2, structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the free end side-play amount is regulated and to be undertaken automatically controlled by stepper motor, the material of raising the clothes motor or having voltage-strain-responsive characteristic; The offset direction is along the object carrier thickness direction, thereby generation is pushed or tensile strain to optical grating axial.
3, structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal (7) that three fiber port circulators (6) the 3rd ports (c) are connected have specific Differential Group Delay DGD value, adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator (11) to guarantee that polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal PMD vector are opposite with the PMD direction vector of fiber grating during connection, thus the DGD variation range of regulating described compensator.
4, a kind of implementation method of the optic fiber polarization mould dispersion PMD compensator based on the high birefringence uniform fiber grating is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) carries out ultraviolet by even phase mask plate on the polarization maintaining optical fibre after carrying processing and write grating through hydrogen, form the high birefringence uniform fiber grating, adopting ultraviolet glue to solidify adheres to this grating on the object carrier that one width changes along its length, its change curve is linear increase or reduces, perhaps be non-linear increase or reduce, and that object carrier thickness keeps is evenly constant; Object carrier one end is fixed, and an end is free state; The free end side-play amount regulate undertaken by stepper motor, the material of raising the clothes motor or having voltage one a strain-responsive characteristic automatically controlled, thereby strain is regulated to optical grating axial;
(2) the high birefringence uniform fiber grating that this is sticked on the object carrier links to each other with one or three fiber port circulators (6) second ports (b), and at optical fiber circulator (6) the first preceding connection Polarization Controllers of port (a) (5), the 3rd port (c) connects one section polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal (7) with specific Differential Group Delay DGD value, adopt a Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer or an additional polarization rotator (11) to guarantee that polarization maintaining optical fibre or birefringece crystal PMD vector are opposite with the PMD direction vector of fiber grating during connection, be used for the adjustment of DGD variation range, signal outputed to receiving end through coupling mechanism (10);
(3) enter control module (9) through coupling mechanism beam splitting rear section signal by feedback signal probe unit (8), the software and hardware part of design control module, carry out the self-adaptation adjusting to Polarization Controller (5) with by the variable time delay line (4) that fiber grating and object carrier are formed, carry out encapsulation process at last, promptly constitute described compensator.
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| CN101930101B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-06-19 | 上海启鹏工程材料科技有限公司 | System and method for preparing optical fiber Bragg grating smart bar |
| CN103475417A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | High-speed direct-detection light OFDM system and method based on self-polarization diversity |
| CN106568580B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-02-12 | 河北大学 | Axial strain-double refractive inde measuring system of polarization maintaining optical fibre and measurement and calculation method |
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