KR20020086018A - Apparatus for changing optical fiber grating - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An apparatus for varying an optical fiber grating is provided to change a transmission spectrum and a refractive index of the optical fiber grating by pressing an uneven plate having a groove to a predetermined angle of an optical fiber axis. CONSTITUTION: A tightening member(40) is formed with a right tightening member(40) and a left tightening member(40). A tapered empty space is formed in the inside of the tightening member(40). A female screw thread is formed on the inside of the tightening member(40). An uneven plate(30) is contacted with an optical fiber(10). A compressing member(50) is inserted into the tightening member(40). A fixing section(60) is formed between a through-hole of the tightening member(40) and an optical fiber fixing hole of the compressing member(50) in order to fix an optical fiber to the through-hole of the tightening member(40). A male screw thread is formed on a part of the compressing member(50).

Description

Apparatus for changing optical fiber grating}

The present invention relates to an optical fiber grating variable device, in particular to mechanically control the optical fiber grid formation and characteristic variation by pressing the grooved uneven plate at any angle with respect to the optical fiber axis to change the transmission spectrum and refractive index of the optical fiber grating An optical fiber grating variable device.

Optical fiber filters play an important role in improving the performance of optical communication systems. Recently, a filter using a fiber grating has attracted much attention because it can be made directly on the fiber itself, and thus no external control device is required. Optical fiber grating filters are widely used in various optical communication and optical sensor fields due to their low loss characteristics. Fiber gratings are largely divided into Bragg gratings (reflective and short period gratings) and long period gratings (transmission gratings, LPFG) depending on the period of refractive index change in the fiber core. Here, the long period optical fiber grating is widely used in applications such as a wavelength filter having a low reflectance, a gain flattening filter of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and an optical fiber sensor. This long-period fiber grating is based on the phenomenon that exposure of the fiber to an ultraviolet laser causes a large change in refractive index. In other words, by periodically exposing the pattern of the periodically changing laser beam formed by using the laser interferometer to the optical fiber with high photosensitivity for a predetermined time it is possible to periodically change the refractive index inside the optical fiber. This can be found in US Pat. No. 5,694,248 (Spatially varying distributed Bragg reflectors in optical media), US Pat. No. 5,367,588 (Method of fabricating Bragg using a silica glass phase grating mask).

Although it is possible to manufacture the optical fiber grid by such a process, there is a disadvantage that the manufacturing time and manufacturing apparatus installation cost is high. In addition, once fabricated, it is not easy to vary the characteristics of a filter with arbitrary characteristics, and the manufacturing cost increases when the PZT (Piezoelectric Translator) is attached to the optical fiber grating and the tuning range is also increased. There was a downside to being narrower.

For this reason, efforts have been made to reduce manufacturing costs, save manufacturing time, overcome limitations of the variable wavelength region, precisely control the center wavelength, and manufacture simple and inexpensive variable wavelength filters.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to press the grooved concave-convex plate with an arbitrary force against the optical fiber so that it is easy to manufacture and can reduce the manufacturing cost and can easily control the formation of the optical fiber grating, the transmission spectrum and the refractive index change. The present invention provides an optical fiber grating variable device capable of mechanically controlling the optical fiber grating formation and characteristic variation required by a gain flat filter or a band pass filter by pressing an iron plate at an arbitrary angle with respect to the optical fiber axis.

1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an optical fiber grating variable device of the present invention,

2A and 2B are perspective views showing opposing surfaces of the support plate and the uneven plate;

3A and 3B are views showing a modification of the uneven plate,

4A and 4B schematically show refractive indices formed at LAMBDA intervals in an optical fiber;

5A to 5C are views illustrating an optical fiber lattice variable device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

6A to 6C are views illustrating a fiber grating variable device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a view showing another modification of the uneven plate of the present invention,

8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating an optical fiber grating variable apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

10: optical fiber 20: support plate

30, 30 ', 30 ", 70, 70': Uneven plate 40: Fastening member

50: pressing member 60: optical fiber fixing piece

80: cylindrical fixing member 90: sliding member

The present invention for achieving the object of the present invention is applied to the optical fiber grating variable device for variable forming the grating by compressing the optical fiber, the bonding surface which is seated on the optical fiber to form a grating by the pressing force when the optical fiber is pressed And an uneven plate having a lattice groove formed therein, and pressing means for pressing the uneven plate to generate a pressing force against the optical fiber. At this time, the grating groove formed in the uneven plate has a depth d1 of 5 μm to 10 mm and a width d 2 of 5 μm to 50 mm. It can be formed periodically or aperiodically. In addition, the grating groove is preferably formed with at least one grating groove having a different depth (d1) and width (d2) in addition to itself, in the area that is contacted by contact with the optical fiber that is other than the grating groove and the grating groove It will be further preferred that at least one grating is formed by this. The lattice grooves may be formed by grouping the same lattice, or may be formed by combining different lattice.

On the other hand, the uneven plate is preferably manufactured separately from the pressing means so as to be rotatable to form a grating at an angle with respect to the optical fiber axis. Of course, the uneven plate and the pressing means may be formed integrally.

In addition, the pressing means is to form a through-hole for inserting and fixing the optical fiber, to form the inner space of the concave-convex plate, to form a screw thread on the outside and to screw the compression member and the pressing member to both sides therein It is formed of a tightening member to form a space formed therein and a through hole of a predetermined size through which the optical fiber passes. At this time, it may be desirable to form a tapered male screw in the crimping member and a tapered female screw in the tightening member.

Here, the pressing member is preferably composed of an upper pressing member for forming a recess, which is an inner space of the uneven plate, and a lower pressing member for forming an optical fiber fixing groove to fix the optical fiber. At this time, the upper pressing member is more preferably made by cutting in the center region of the concave-convex plate at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the optical axis or at an arbitrary angle so as to press the concave-convex plate to easily interlock depending on the degree of pressing. Do.

On the other hand, the concave-convex plate may be formed larger than the diameter of the crimping member, the center may be provided with a protrusion formed with a grid groove. At this time, the crimping member forms a screw thread on both sides to the outer peripheral region of the uneven plate, and forms a pressure connecting plate connecting both of the nasan acids so as to press the uneven plate by the tensile force when the thread is pressed, the uneven plate It may be desirable to cut a portion of the area down to the optical fiber shaft below the pressure connecting plate so as to be seated on the optical fiber.

On the other hand, the pressing means has a cylindrical holding member formed in the direction of the optical fiber axis and the cylindrical holding member formed in the groove axis leading to the central axis to form an uneven plate inner space to reach the optical fiber axis and to interpolate the optical fiber, the cylindrical fixing member is extrapolated and sliding It may be composed of a sliding member for pressing the uneven plate by. At this time, the uneven plate is preferably in the upper portion of the dome shape to adjust the degree of pressing according to the progress of the sliding member, the sliding member is inserted into the groove of the cylindrical fixing member U-shaped to press the uneven plate It is more preferable to form a bent portion, and to form a cutout for extrapolating the uneven plate in accordance with sliding when the uneven plate protrudes out of the cylindrical fixing member.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

First, let's take a quick look at the characteristics of optical fiber. Of course, look at the phenomenon that occurs when the pressure is applied to the optical fiber to be achieved in the present invention.

When mechanically pressing an arbitrary position on the optical fiber having any photosensitivity, the refractive index at the pressed portion is changed by the photoelastic effect. This theory was introduced in the early 1980s through the coupling of the birefringent fiber and the polarization mode of the fiber with two modes, LP ₀₁ and LP ₁₁ . Recently, it has been applied to couple the core mode to the cladding mode to obtain a gain flattening filter.

Using this principle, an apparatus capable of pressing at an arbitrary pressure on an optical fiber to change the refractive index is proposed. At the same time, an apparatus for varying the location and transmission spectrum where loss occurs is presented.

In order to satisfy all of these, the optical fiber grating variable device proposed by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an optical fiber grating variable device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a support plate 20 having a fixing groove formed on one surface to fix the optical fiber 10, and a lattice groove in one axial direction on a surface opposite to one surface on which the fixing groove is formed (hereinafter, The uneven plate 30 on which "V groove" is formed is arranged to face each other. In this embodiment, the V-shaped groove is provided, but a square or circular groove may be formed. Accordingly, the optical fiber 10 is positioned between one surface of the fixing groove of the support plate 20 and one surface of the uneven plate 30 having the V groove. When the concave-convex plate 30 is pressed in the state configured as described above, an optical fiber grid is formed as described above, and a change in refractive index and transmission spectrum occurs.

2A and 2B are perspective views showing opposing surfaces of the support plate and the uneven plate. 2A and 2B, the support plate 20 forms the fixing groove 21 on one surface, and the uneven plate 30 forms the V groove 31 on one surface. At this time, the fixing groove 21 serves only to prevent the movement of the optical fiber 10, it is not necessary to form the fixing groove 21 in order to prevent acting as a hindering element of the grid formation. The same applies to the embodiments described below.

3A and 3B are views showing a modification of the uneven plate. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the V-groove may also produce the uneven plate 30 having a predetermined interval, that is, a predetermined period (LAMBDA). It is available. In addition, although the V-groove is formed in one direction, it may be applied in various forms, such as a shape having an arbitrary angle intersected, and a plurality of V-grooves having an arbitrary angle with respect to one V-groove. . And, the V groove is adjusted at the time of manufacturing the V groove depth (d1) in order to adjust the degree of loss of the higher order mode. This V-groove depth d1 uses the value set within the range of about 5 micrometers-10 mm. Of course, the characteristics of the filter required by the gain flat filter and the bandpass filter to be used will be required. And it is preferable that the width | variety d2 of a V groove is set in the range of 5 micrometers-50 mm. At this time, by adjusting the width d2 of the V-groove and the portion d3 other than the V-groove region, the region where the optical fiber is pressed and the region where the optical fiber is not pressed can be arbitrarily adjusted. That is, pressure having a regular or irregular arrangement may be applied to the optical fiber, and even in the region to which the pressure is applied, an area not pressurized by adjusting the width d2 of the V groove can be formed. In the formation of the lattice, the lattice n1 of the V-groove region and the lattice n2 of the region other than the V-groove can be formed in a group form or in a combination form. That is, in the case of a group form, the lattice can be formed by n1, n1, n1, n1, n2, n2, n2, n2, and in the case of a combination form, n1, n2, n1, n2, n1, n2, n1, n2 A lattice can also be formed. Although only two types of gratings n1 and n2 have been described herein, the gratings may be formed in a group form and a combination form with any number of gratings. Predetermined spacing may be formed between each grid group.

In addition, the shorter the predetermined period (LAMBDA) in which the V-groove is formed while the depth and width of the V-groove are kept constant, the portion applied to the optical fiber proceeds from the concept of the plane to the concept of the line. At this time, when the pressing on the optical fiber in the concept of the line may damage the optical fiber, the pressing portion may be rounded.

In addition, rectangular grooves may be formed including V grooves, and semi-circular grooves may be formed. Of course, even in this case, it may be desirable to round the edges of the portions in contact with the optical fiber.

And, the uneven plate and / or the support plate is in the form of a disk as shown, but is not limited to this can be produced in a variety of shapes, such as polygons, including a rectangle. In addition, even in the surface where the V-groove is formed, it can be formed on both the upper surface and the bottom surface. That is, it is possible to manufacture a concave-convex plate formed with different types of V-groove can be variously applied if necessary.

As described above, when pressure is applied to the uneven plate while the optical fiber is placed between the support plate and the uneven plate, a lattice is formed on the optical fiber as described above. As a result, a change in refractive index occurs, and when the uneven plate is rotated, a position and a transmission spectrum where loss occurs as described above are varied. In addition, the characteristics of the optical fiber grating are slightly different depending on whether the optical fiber in the area under pressure is peeled off or intact.

Here, as described above, when the intervals at which the V grooves are formed are constant and irregularities are periodically formed at the LAMBDA interval, the optical fiber with the V groove traveling direction of the irregularities having the LAMBDA period and the optical fiber axis perpendicular to each other (90 °) When a certain pressure is applied to the optical fiber core, the refractive index of the optical fiber core is repeated for each LAMBDA, so that the lattice period in the direction of the optical fiber axis is operated as the optical fiber lattice having the LAMBDA.

The LP ₀₁ mode, which is the lowest difference mode incident on the mechanically manufactured fiber grating, is converted to the higher order mode υ mode at the wavelength {lambda} _ {m} given by the following equation.

{lambda} _ {m} = ({n} _ {01} ~-+ ~ n upsilon ~) LAMBDA ㆍ ········ (1)

Where n ₀₁ is the effective refractive index in LP ₀₁ mode, n upsilon is the effective refractive index in higher order mode v mode, and LAMBDA is the lattice period in the direction of the optical fiber axis. The higher order mode includes a cladding mode, a higher order core mode, and a radiation mode. The-sign means a mode change in forward and reverse directions, respectively.

When a fiber lattice with a period of LAMBDA is generated, the higher-order mode υ converted from the LP ₀₁ mode at the wavelength {lambda} _ {m} has a large loss in the optical fiber, and thus a dip is generated between the transmission spectra of the optical fiber lattice. . This dip is generally increased as the degree of conversion from the LP ₀₁ mode to the higher order υ mode increases. In the present invention, the degree of loss or the dip is changed by varying the degree to which the uneven plate is pressed against the optical fiber by adjusting the pressing means. I want to adjust the degree.

In addition, the wavelength at which loss, dip, or mode conversion occurs depends on the lattice period as in Equation (1) above. For this reason, by rotating the uneven plate by theta, the lattice period in the optical fiber axis direction can be adjusted from LAMBDA to LAMBDA '= LAMBDA / cos theta, thus varying the position where loss occurs or the transmission spectrum of the optical fiber grating.

4A and 4B are diagrams schematically showing refractive indices formed at LAMBDA intervals in an optical fiber. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the V-groove advancing direction and the optical fiber advancing direction formed on the concave-convex plate formed at regular intervals of the LAMBDA interval are pressed in a vertical state, and when pressing with an arbitrary angle (theta) In the lattice interval LAMBDA or LAMBDA ', the refractive index is repeated with n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₁ , n ₂ , and the like, thereby realizing an optical fiber grating having desired filter characteristics. Here, in forming the grating, the uneven plate having a predetermined angle, for example, 90 ° with respect to the optical fiber axis may be manufactured, thereby achieving mass production and ease of manufacture. However, it would be desirable to rotate the uneven plate to produce an optical fiber filter suitable for the desired filter characteristics. Its implementation is presented below.

The optical fiber grating variable apparatus for manufacturing a gain flat filter and a bandpass filter having desired characteristics by the above principle will be described in detail through various embodiments. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to components that perform the same configuration and operation unless otherwise specified.

5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating an optical fiber grating variable apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 5A is an exploded perspective view of the optical fiber grating variable device, FIG. 5B is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the optical fiber grating variable device, and FIG. 5C is a schematic plan view of the optical fiber grating variable device. 5A to 5C, the optical fiber grating variable device of the present invention is in contact with a fastening member 40 provided on both sides, a crimping member 50 inserted into the fastening member 40, and an optical fiber 10. Consists of a concave and convex plate 30. At this time, the fastening member 40 and the pressing member 50 may be defined as a pressing means as an element for pressing against the uneven plate 30.

The fastening member 40 is composed of the right fastening member 40 and the left fastening member 40, the fastening member 40 is in the shape of a tapered empty space therein, and forms a female thread therein The through hole through which the optical fiber can pass is formed at one end. The fastening member 40 is preferably made of an iron component so that the pressing member 50 can be tightened with sufficient force.

An optical fiber fixing piece 60 is formed between the through hole of the fastening member 40 and the optical fiber fixing hole of the crimping member 50. The optical fiber fixing piece 60 has a diameter larger than the optical fiber diameter and smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole so as to fix the optical fiber to the through hole of the fastening member 40 in a tightening manner, and is coupled to the optical fiber fixing hole. Is partially cut to form a hook to prevent the fiber from going in the reverse direction. These optical fiber fixing pieces 60 are provided on both sides of the fastening member 40, respectively. Here, the optical fiber fixing piece 60 is not necessarily a component of the optical fiber grid variable device.

In addition, the crimping member 50 has a conical shape that is tapered at both ends, and an optical fiber fixing hole through which the optical fiber 10 penetrates and is fixed in its central axis. In addition, a portion of the crimping member 50 is cut in an arbitrary direction from the central axis, which is used to seat the uneven plate 30 on the optical fiber, and cuts slightly larger than the diameter and height of the uneven plate 30. . In this pressing member 50, male acid is formed on a portion of the pressing member 50 so as to be interpolated by the rotation of the tightening member 40.

On the other hand, in order to expose the outer circumferential surface portion of the uneven plate 30 so that the uneven plate 30 can be easily rotated by the engineer is vertically cut from the pressing member 50 to the top surface of the uneven plate 30. In addition, the pressing member 50 is cut at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the optical fiber axis at the center of the uneven plate 30 so as to be interlocked according to the pressure of the fastening member 40.

In addition, for the convenience of manufacturing the pressing member 50, it may be desirable to manufacture the upper and lower division type to combine with each other. Accordingly, the lower pressing member may be formed with an optical fiber fixing hole for fixing the optical fiber, and the upper pressing member may have a recess for accommodating the concave-convex plate 30.

At this time, in consideration of the taper angle and the height of the recess portion is adjusted so that the area pressing the uneven plate 30 is interlocked. Here, when cutting the pressing member 50 with a predetermined distance perpendicular to the optical fiber axis at the center of the concave-convex plate 30 so as to interlock according to the pressing degree of the tightening member 40, the upper pressing member is two It is to be separated, it is possible to form a single pressing member by coupling them to the lower pressing member.

On the other hand, the uneven plate 30 is inserted into the recessed portion of the upper pressing member, the structure thereof is as described above. At this time, when the tightening member 40 is tightened by rotation, the uneven plate having a diameter smaller than the rotation radius of the tightening member 40 so that the uneven plate 30 does not interfere with the rotation of the fastening member 40 30 is manufactured.

Combining the tightening member 40 and the pressing member 50 configured as described above is as shown in Figure 5b, if the tightening member 40 and the pressing member 50 is made, the tightening member 40 is rotated further As the tightening member 50 is tightened, the pressure may be arbitrarily adjusted by pressing the uneven plate 30 more strongly. Then, the recessed portion 30 is formed to be slightly larger than the diameter and height of the uneven plate 30 so that rotation, separation and coupling of the uneven plate 30 may be desired. On the other hand, the thickness of the upper pressing member in the outer peripheral surface region of the concave-convex plate 30 by the cut portions of the pressing member, in particular the upper pressing member, as can be seen in the drawing can be easily bent. Accordingly, as it can be easily interlocked, the pressure can be easily transmitted to the uneven plate 30.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 5c, a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the uneven plate 30 is exposed to the outside of the pressing member 50, it can be seen that the diameter is made smaller than the inner diameter of the tightening member 40. .

6A to 6C are diagrams illustrating an optical fiber grating variable apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 6A to 6C, the optical fiber lattice variable device shown in the second embodiment has a difference in that the uneven plate 30 ″ is made larger and exposed to the outside than in the first embodiment. This is for easy management while precisely adjusting the rotation angle of the uneven plate (30 ").

That is, while the tightening member 40 and the optical fiber fixing piece 60 are the same as in the first embodiment, it can be seen that the uneven plate 30 "and the crimping member 50 'are deformed. The uneven plate 30 ) Is made larger than the diameter of the tightening member 40 and protrudes out of the crimping member 50 ', so that the tightening member 40 can be tightened to the center region of the uneven plate 30 "as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the crimping member 50 'forms nasan acid while only taping to the outer peripheral surface portion of the uneven plate 30 ". That is, the fastening member 40 is tightened by proceeding to the region where the nasan acid is formed. A portion of the tapered region is cut away so that the fastening member 40 moves along the nasan acid to effectively apply pressure to the uneven plate 30 ". However, since the fastening member 40 is tightened only to the region where the thread is formed, the pressure cannot be directly applied to the uneven plate 30 ", so that the fastening changes the pressure to a tensile force to press the uneven plate 30". The pressure connecting plate 51 is provided between the threads formed on both sides thereof, and is connected to each other. The pressure connecting plate 51 is connected with an arbitrary width and thickness in the direction of the optical fiber. Meanwhile, in order to insert the uneven plate 30 ″ into the pressing member 50 ′, a central portion of the pressing member 50 ′ is cut off and cut below the pressure connecting plate 51.

On the other hand, the concave-convex plate may form a V-groove on the entire surface of the concave-convex plate as in the first embodiment described above, but as shown in FIG. The protruding plate 71 can be formed only in the required region, and the V groove can be formed in the protruding plate 71. This is effective by adjusting the outside of the concave-convex plate 70 to meet the filter characteristics that require a greater radius of rotation. In addition, a central protrusion (not shown) is formed on the rear surface of the uneven plate 70 so as not to deviate from the center by combining with a protrusion groove (not shown) of the pressure connecting plate. It is well known that the diameter of the uneven plate 70 may be arbitrarily changed as necessary.

8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating an optical fiber grating variable apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 8A to 8C, the third embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments described above in that the form of tightening by forming a nasan acid is different from the form of tightening by sliding. The optical fiber grating variable device proposed in the third embodiment is composed of a cylindrical fixing member 80 and a sliding member 90.

In more detail, the cylindrical fixing member 80, the groove is formed by cutting slightly larger than the diameter of the optical fiber 10 to its central axis so as to fix the optical fiber 10 and to be interposed or inserted. It has a cylindrical shape with a length. In addition, a recess groove is formed up to the central axis of the cylindrical fixing member 80 so that the uneven plate 70 'can be inserted and seated therein.

The sliding member 90 traveling along the groove of the cylindrical fixing member 80 is extrapolated to the cylindrical fixing member 80, and has a bent portion inserted into the groove so as to proceed along the groove. In addition, when the uneven plate 70 'is pressurized when the uneven plate 70' is projected to the outside of the cylindrical fixing member 80 is cut so as to be fitted to the protruding portion for smooth pressure, which is the uneven plate It also serves to prevent left and right swing of the 70 '. The uneven plate 70 'may be applied to the uneven plate shown in the second embodiment, and the upper surface is manufactured in a dome shape in order to adjust the pressure applied to the uneven plate by sliding. Of course, it is well known that the uneven plate shown in the first embodiment can also be applied.

Meanwhile, in order to prevent the sliding member 90 from being separated from the cylindrical fixing member 80, the sliding preventing member 91 is inserted into the groove edge of the cylindrical fixing member 80. Also serves to fix the optical fiber 10 at the end of the cylindrical fixing member (80).

As described above, the optical fiber grating variable device according to the present invention is not only easy to manufacture by the simple configuration of the concave-convex plate and the pressing means for pressurizing it, and also does not require a separate manufacturing equipment, the advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost There is this. In addition, there is an advantage that can be easily used as an optical communication component such as a gain flattening filter or a bandpass filter of the optical fiber amplifier due to the reduction of the manufacturing cost.

Although the above-mentioned present invention has been described based on the embodiments, it is also apparent that the present invention can be variously modified and changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the description of the present invention should be construed as illustrative rather than limiting on the characteristics and spirit of the technology.

Claims (16)

In the optical fiber grating variable device for compressing the optical fiber to form a grating, An uneven plate having a lattice groove formed on a bonding surface seated on the optical fiber to form a lattice by pressing force when the optical fiber is pressed; Fiber grating variable device characterized in that it comprises a pressing means for pressing the uneven plate to generate a pressing force against the optical fiber. According to claim 1, wherein the lattice groove formed in the uneven plate And the depth d1 is set within a range of 5 µm to 10 mm, and the width d2 is arbitrarily set within a range of 5 µm to 50 mm. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lattice groove is formed periodically or aperiodically. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the grating groove has at least one grating groove having a different depth (d1) and width (d2) in addition to itself. The optical fiber grating variable apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein at least one grating is formed by a region in which the grating groove is in contact with an optical fiber which is a region other than the grating groove. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the grating grooves are formed by grouping the same gratings or by combining different gratings. According to claim 1, wherein the uneven plate An optical fiber lattice variable device, characterized in that it is manufactured separately from said pressing means so as to be rotatable to form a grating at an angle with respect to the optical fiber axis. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the uneven plate and the pressing means are integrally formed. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressing means Forming through-holes to insert and fix the optical fiber to form the inner snow space of the concave-convex plate, and to form a screw thread on the outside and the pressing member on both sides, And a fastening member having a through hole of a predetermined size through which an optical fiber passes and forming a space having a thread formed therein so as to tighten the crimping member. The method of claim 9, wherein the pressing member An upper pressing member for forming a recess that is an inner space of the recessed plate; An optical fiber grating variable device, characterized in that consisting of a lower pressing member formed an optical fiber fixing groove to fix the optical fiber. The method of claim 10, wherein the upper pressing member The optical fiber grid variable device, characterized in that made in the center region of the concave-convex plate at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the optical fiber axis in order to press the concave-convex plate to easily interlock according to the degree of pressing. The method of claim 9, wherein the uneven plate An optical fiber lattice variable device, characterized in that it is formed larger than the diameter of the crimping member, and has a projection formed at the center thereof. The method of claim 12, wherein the pressing member To form a thread on both sides to the outer peripheral region of the concave-convex plate, to form a pressurized connecting plate connecting the both sides of the acid-acid to press the concave-convex plate by the tensile force when the screw is pressed, and to mount the concave-convex plate on the optical fiber The optical fiber grating variable device, characterized in that made by cutting a portion of the area connected to the optical axis below the pressure connecting plate. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressing means Cylindrical fixing member which forms indentation plate inner space reaching the optical fiber axis and cuts the groove reaching the central axis in the direction of the optical fiber axis so as to interpolate and fix the optical fiber, and extrapolated to the cylindrical fixing member to press the uneven plate by sliding Optical fiber grating variable device characterized in that it comprises a sliding member. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the concave-convex plate has a dome shape at an upper portion thereof to adjust the degree of pressurization according to the progress of the sliding member. The method of claim 14, wherein the sliding member The optical fiber grating is formed by inserting into the groove of the cylindrical fixing member to form a U-shaped bent portion for pressing the uneven plate, and forming a cutout for extrapolating the uneven plate according to sliding when the uneven plate is protruded out of the cylindrical fixing member. Variable device.