KR100426947B1 - Pig breeding method for controling a opportune - Google Patents
Pig breeding method for controling a opportune Download PDFInfo
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- KR100426947B1 KR100426947B1 KR10-2001-0045227A KR20010045227A KR100426947B1 KR 100426947 B1 KR100426947 B1 KR 100426947B1 KR 20010045227 A KR20010045227 A KR 20010045227A KR 100426947 B1 KR100426947 B1 KR 100426947B1
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-cystine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CSSC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/12—Methionine; Cysteine; Cystine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/02—Acid
- A23V2250/06—Amino acid
- A23V2250/063—Lysine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/02—Acid
- A23V2250/06—Amino acid
- A23V2250/065—Tryptophan
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 체중 20kg~110kg의 육성비육돈에게 컴퓨터 제어시스템을 이용하여 두가지 사료의 혼합 비율을 달리하여 급여함으로서 돼지 성장 단계별로 30여가지 사료를 급여시키도록 고안한 다단계별 사양시스템에 관한 것으로, 특히 자돈사료와 비육돈사료의 배합으로 이루어지며, 이유 자돈사료로 사육하여 체중이 20kg에 도달한 돼지의 초기 배합사료는 자돈사료 100%로 하고, 일령에따라 자돈사료의 급여량을 3일간격으로 2~5% 감소시키되 이들 자돈사료 감소분 만큼을 비육돈사료로 배합하여 출하 10일전까지 급여하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention relates to a multi-stage specification system designed to feed 30 feeds for each stage of pig growth by feeding the rearing pigs with a weight of 20 kg to 110 kg by varying the mixing ratio of the two feeds using a computer control system. It consists of a combination of piglet feed and hog feed, and weaned pigs that have reached 20kg by breeding piglet feed are 100% piglet feed. 5% reduction, but the reduced feed for piglets is characterized in that it is formulated to feed pigs up to 10 days before shipping.
Description
본 발명은 체중 20kg~110kg의 육성비육돈에게 두가지 사료의 혼합 비율을 달리하여 돼지 성장 단계별로 30여가지의 조합된 사료를 급여함으로서, 최적의 성장곡선을 유지하는 양질의 돈육을 적기에 공급할 수 있도록 하며, 이를 통해 경쟁력있는 양돈이 가능토록 하는 다단계별 사양시스템을 이용한 육성비육돈 출하시기 조절을 위한 양돈 사육방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention by feeding 30 different feeds for each stage of pig growth by varying the mixing ratio of the two feeds to the rearing pigs of weight 20kg ~ 110kg, so that timely supply of high quality pork that maintains the optimum growth curve In addition, it relates to a pig breeding method for controlling the rearing of fostering hogs using a multi-level specification system to enable competitive pigs.
일반적으로 돼지의 사육을 위하여는 성장과정에 따라, 크게 2가지 또는 3가지의 사료를 바꾸어가며 급여함으로서 돼지 성장에 필요한 적절한 영양소를 공급하게 된다.In general, for the breeding of pigs, depending on the growth process, by feeding two or three kinds of feed largely to supply the appropriate nutrients necessary for the growth of pigs.
이러한 급여체계에 의하면, 통상 생후 1주일 후부터 시작하여 28일령 또는 체중이 7kg에 이르기 까지는 가소화에너지가 3,450kcal/kg이며, 조단백 함량이 24%인 수용성의 갓난 돼지사료를 급여하게 되는 것이고, 체중이 7kg을 넘게 되면 이유 자돈사료로 바꾸어 20kg에 이를때 까지 급여하게 된다.According to such a feeding system, it is possible to feed a 3,450 kcal / kg plasticizing energy and a 24% crude protein water-soluble pig feed starting from 1 week after birth and reaching a weight of 7 kg at 28 days of age. If the weight exceeds 7kg, we will convert it to weaned pig feed until it reaches 20kg.
그리고, 이유기에 접어드는 자돈에게는, 젖뗀 돼지사료 또는 이유 자돈사료로 불리어지는 옥수수와 대두박을 주원료로 하며 여기에 당밀과 우지를 포함하는 고 영양사료를 급여하게 되는 것이고, 성장정도를 고려하여 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를, 출하 15일전부터는 비육돈사료로 단계적으로 바꾸어 급여하는 것이었다.In addition, for piglets entering the weaning period, corn and soybean meal, called breasted pig feed or weaning pig feed, are used as main ingredients, and high nutritional feeds including molasses and tallow are fed. Human feeder feed was gradually changed to feeder feed from 15 days before shipment.
하지만, 상기한 돼지 사료 급여체계에 의하면, 전체 육성비육기간 동안 2 또는 3가지 사료를 급여하게 되는 것이므로 사료가 변경될 때 마다 새로운 사료에 적응하지 못한 돼지의 스트레스로 인하여 성장이 약 1주일씩 정체되는 현상을 보이게 된다. 뿐만 아니라, 새로운 사료가 지니고 있는 성분의 차이로 인해 사료 변경시점을 전후로 하여 도 1에 나타나는 바와같이 영양소의 과잉과 결핍이 반복되는 등 돼지 성장에 필요한 적정의 영양소를 적기에 공급할 수 없는 중대한 문제점이 지적되고 있는 것이었다.However, according to the above pig feed feeding system, two or three feeds are fed during the entire rearing period, and the growth is stagnated for about one week due to the stress of the pigs not adapted to the new feed every time the feed is changed. It will become a phenomenon. In addition, due to the difference in the ingredients of the new feed, there is a significant problem that can not supply the proper nutrients necessary for the growth of pigs in a timely manner, such as repeated nutrient excess and deficiency as shown in Figure 1 before and after the change of feed It was being pointed out.
더욱이 이같은 단계별 사료 급여체계에 따르면, 과다한 사료의 공급으로 인해 사료비용의 증가를 가져와 사양가의 경제적인 부담을 가중시키는 동시에, 배설물의 증가로 인해 심각한 환경오염의 원인을 유발하게 되는 것이었다.Moreover, according to this phased feed system, the oversupply of feed would lead to an increase in feed costs, which would add to the economic burden of the specification price and, in turn, lead to serious environmental pollution.
본 발명자는, 상기한 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 과제를 수행하던 중, 돼지의 최적 성장곡선에 부합되는 사료를 공급하는 경우 사료효율의 극대화를 추구할 수 있을 것이라는 점에 착안하고 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다.The present inventors pay attention to the fact that, while carrying out the task to solve the above problems, to provide a feed that meets the optimum growth curve of the pigs can be pursued to maximize the feed efficiency to complete the present invention Reached.
또한, 갓난 돼지의 출산시 초기 중량은 돼지의 성장속도에 상당한 영향을 보이게 된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이같은 사실을 이용하는 경우 사양가에서 비육돈의 출하시기를 조절할 수 있을 것이며, 따라서 경쟁력이 있는 축산이 가능해 질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.In addition, it was confirmed that the initial weight of newborn pigs had a significant effect on the growth rate of pigs, and this fact would be able to regulate the shipment of hog pigs at the price, thus enabling a competitive livestock farming. It could be confirmed that.
즉, 본 발명은 육성비육기간동안 고 영양사료와 저 영양사료 2가지의 배합비율을 달리하여 30여가지의 사료를 만들어 성장 단계별로 최적의 영양사료를 급여함으로서 영양소의 낭비와 결핍을 최소화하고 돼지성장에 부합되는 최적의 사료공급 시스템을 제공하는데 그 주된 목적이 있다.In other words, the present invention is made up of 30 kinds of feed by varying the ratio of the two high nutrition and low nutritional feed during the growth period to minimize the waste and deficiency of nutrients by feeding the optimal nutritional feed for each growth stage The main aim is to provide an optimal feeding system for growth.
본 발명의 다른 목적은, 적정량의 사료급여를 통해 배설물의 발생량을 현저히 저감시킴으로서 환경오염을 억제하는데 유용한 사양시스템을 제공하는데 있다.It is another object of the present invention to provide a specification system useful for suppressing environmental pollution by significantly reducing the amount of excretion produced through feeding of an appropriate amount of feed.
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은, 갓난 돼지의 출산시 초기 중량에 따라 급여사료의 공급시기와 급여량을 달리하여 비육돈의 출하시기를 조절함으로서 경쟁력이 있는 축산이 가능토록 하는데 있다.Still another object of the present invention is to enable a competitive livestock farming by controlling the delivery time of the hogs by varying the feeding time and the amount of the feed according to the initial weight at birth of the newborn pig.
도 1은 종래의 단계별 사양시스템에 의한 사료 급여시의 영양공급 곡선 예시도1 is a diagram illustrating a nutrition supply curve at the time of feeding a feed by a conventional step-by-step specification system
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 다단계별 사양시스템에 의한 사료 급여시의 영양공급 곡선 예시도Figure 2 is an illustration of the nutrition supply curve at the time of feed by the multi-step specification system according to the present invention
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 다단계별 사양시스템 적용시의 일당증체량 변화 곡선 예시도Figure 3 is an exemplary diagram showing the daily weight increase curve when applying the multi-stage specification system according to the present invention
상기한 목적들을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 자돈사료와 비육돈사료의 배합으로 이루어지며, 이유 자돈사료로 사육하여 체중이 20kg에 도달한 돼지의 초기 배합사료는 자돈사료 100%로 하고, 일령에따라 자돈사료의 급여량을 3일간격으로 2~5% 감소시키되 이들 자돈사료 감소분 만큼을 비육돈사료로 배합하여 출하 10일전까지 급여하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention for achieving the above object is made of a combination of piglet feed and fattening feed, weaning pigs breeding piglets with weaning feed weight of 20kg is 100% piglet feed, according to the age The pig feed is reduced by 2 ~ 5% every three days, but it is characterized in that the pig feed is mixed up to 10 days before shipment.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 자돈사료는, 젖뗀 돼지사료 또는 이유 자돈사료로서, 영양소의 함량이 가소화에너지 3400~3600kcal/kg, 조단백질 18~22%, 라이신 0.9~1.3%, 메치오닌+시스틴 0.5~0.7%, 쓰레오닌 0.6~0.8%, 트립토판 0.15~0.25%, 칼슘 0.6~0.8%, 인 0.5~0.7%, 비타민A 1300~1600 IU, 비타민D3 150~220 IU, 비타민E 11~18 IU 로 이루어지고; 상기 비육돈사료는, 육성후기사료 또는 비육돈사료로서, 영양소의 함량이 가소화에너지 3100~3400kcal/kg, 조단백질 13~16%, 라이신 0.5~0.8%, 메치오닌+시스틴 0.3~0.5%, 쓰레오닌 0.4~0.6%, 트립토판 0.1~0.16%, 칼슘 0.4~0.6%, 인 0.35~0.5%, 비타민A 1200~1500 IU, 비타민D3 150~200 IU, 비타민E 10~15 IU 로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the present invention, the piglet feed, weaned pig feed or weaning piglet feed, the content of nutrients plasticization energy 3400 ~ 3600kcal / kg, crude protein 18 ~ 22%, lysine 0.9 ~ 1.3%, methionine + cystine 0.5 ~ 0.7 %, Threonine 0.6 ~ 0.8%, Tryptophan 0.15 ~ 0.25%, Calcium 0.6 ~ 0.8%, Phosphorus 0.5 ~ 0.7%, Vitamin A 1300 ~ 1600 IU, Vitamin D3 150 ~ 220 IU, Vitamin E 11 ~ 18 IU under; The hog feed is a late feed or hog feed, the content of nutrients 3100 ~ 3400 kcal / kg plasticizing energy, crude protein 13 ~ 16%, lysine 0.5 ~ 0.8%, methionine + cystine 0.3 ~ 0.5%, threonine 0.4 ~ 0.6%, tryptophan 0.1 ~ 0.16%, calcium 0.4 ~ 0.6%, phosphorus 0.35 ~ 0.5%, vitamin A 1200 ~ 1500 IU, vitamin D 3 150 ~ 200 IU, vitamin E 10 ~ 15 IU characterized in that consisting of.
이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 구체적으로 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
먼저 본 발명의 비교를 위하여, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.4kg, 1.3kg, 1.2kg, 1.1kg, 1.0kg인 3원 교잡종(Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace) 자돈 각 30두씩을 공시하였다. 시험설계는 생후 1주일 후부터 시작하여 체중이 7kg에 이르기까지는 가소화에너지가 3,450kcal/kg이며, 조단백 함량이 24%인 수용성의 갓난 돼지사료를 급여하고, 체중이 7kg을 넘어 20kg에 이를때 까지 고영양사료인 이유 자돈사료로 바꾸어 급여하였다,First, for comparison of the present invention, 30 heads of three-way hybrid (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) piglets having an initial weight of 1.4 kg, 1.3 kg, 1.2 kg, 1.1 kg, and 1.0 kg at birth were disclosed. The trial design begins at 1 week of age and weighs 3,450 kcal / kg of plasticizing energy up to 7 kg in weight, and is fed a soluble pig feed with 24% crude protein, and weighs over 7 kg and reaches 20 kg. Reasons for High Nutrition Feed Feeding pigs for pigs
그리고, 이유기에 접어든 상기 자돈을 통상의 단일사료만으로 시험적응기간 동안 30~115kg에 도달할 때까지 급여한 처리군과, 2가지 사료 사양을 30~70kg / 70~115kg에 이르도록 급여한 처리군과, 3가지 사료 사양을 30~55kg / 55~70kg / 70~115kg에 이르도록 급여한 처리군, 그리고 단계별 사료 사양을 매 10kg 마다 변경하여 급여한 처리군, 및 다단계 사료 사양을 매 3일마다 변경하여 급여한 처리군으로 5개 처리를 하여 처리당 2반복, 반복당 3마리씩 완전 임의 배치하였다.And, the treatment group fed the weaning piglets until the piglets reached 30-115kg during the test adaptation period with only a single feed, and the two feed specifications to the 30-70kg / 70-115kg Group, the treatment group fed three feed specifications ranging from 30 to 55 kg / 55 to 70 kg / 70 to 115 kg, the treatment group fed by changing the step feed specification every 10 kg, and the multi-step feed specification every three days. Five treatments were given to each treatment group that was changed and fed each time, and two treatments per treatment and three animals per treatment were placed at random.
이때, 단일사료의 급여 처리군은 이유 자돈용 고 영양사료와 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를 배합하여 제조한 사료를 일령에 관계없이 생체중이 30~115kg에 도달할 때까지 급여하였고, 2가지 사료 급여 처리군은 생체중 30~70kg까지 이유 자돈용 고 영양사료를 급여하고 70~115kg까지는 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를 급여하였으며, 3가지 사료 급여처리군은 30~55kg까지 이유 자돈용 고 영양사료를 그리고 55~70kg까지는 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를 급여하는 한편 70~115kg에 이르기 까지는 비육돈출하사료를 각각 급여하였다.At this time, the feed group of the single feed was fed a feed prepared by combining the high nutrition feed for weaning pigs and the growth pig feed as low nutrition feed until the live weight reaches 30 ~ 115kg regardless of age, two feed The treatment group fed high nutritional feed for weaning piglets up to 30 ~ 70kg live weight, and nurturing pig feed for low nutritional feeds up to 70 ~ 115kg, and the three feed treatment groups draw high nutritional feed for weaning piglets up to 30 ~ 55kg Feeding low-nourished feed for pigs ranging from 55 to 70 kg was provided, while feeding for feed for pigs from 70 to 115 kg was provided respectively.
반면에, 단계별 사료 급여 처리군은 이유 자돈용 고 영양사료와 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를 혼합하여 급여하되, 초기에는 자돈사료 100%로 하고, 일령에따라 자돈사료의 급여량을 생체중이 10kg를 증가할때 마다 30%씩 감소시키는 대신 이들 자돈사료 감소분 만큼을 비육돈사료로 배합하여 출하 10일전까지 급여하였다.On the other hand, the step feed treatment group is fed a combination of high nutrition feed for weaning pigs and raised pig feed, which is a low nutritional feed, but initially the pig feed is 100%, depending on the age of the pig feed is increased by 10 kg live weight Instead of reducing it by 30% each time, the pig feed was reduced by 10% before shipment.
또한, 다단계 사료 급여 처리군은 이유 자돈용 고 영양사료와 저 영양사료인 육성돈사료를 초기에는 자돈사료 100%로 하고, 일령에따라 자돈사료의 급여량을 3일간격으로 2~5% 감소시키는 대신 이들 자돈사료 감소분 만큼을 비육돈사료로 배합하여 출하 10일전까지 급여하였다.In addition, the multi-stage feed feeding group initially raises pig feeds, which are high nutrition feeds and low nutrition feeds for weaning pigs, at the initial stage of piglet feed at 100%, and reduces the feed amount of piglets at 2 to 5% every three days depending on the age. As much as these pig feed reductions were formulated into hog feeds and fed 10 days before shipment.
상기한 돼지 사료 급여체계를 적용한 결과, 생체중이 10kg를 증가할때 마다 사료를 교환하며 급여한 단계별 사료 급여 처리군에서는, 도 2에서 알 수 있는 바와같이 돼지 성장에 필요한 영양소를 충분히 공급하고도 남음이 있었으나, 사료 교환 후 사료 변경시점을 전후로 하여 적응하기 까지의 스트레스로 인해 성장의 일시적인 정체를 보이는 등 부작용을 나타내었다.As a result of applying the above-described pig feed feeding system, in the feed-supply processing group in which feed was exchanged every time the live weight increased by 10 kg, as shown in FIG. However, it showed side effects such as temporary stagnation of growth due to stress until adaptation before and after the change of feed after the change of feed.
하지만, 초기 사료를 자돈사료 100%로 하고, 일령에따라 자돈사료의 급여량을 3일간격으로 2~5% 감소시키는 대신 이들 자돈사료 감소분 만큼을 비육돈사료로 배합하여 출하 10일전까지 급여하는 다단계 사료 급여 처리군에서는, 공급되는 영양소가 돼지 성장곡선에 근접하는 최적의 상태로서 영양소의 결핍은 발생되지 않았으며, 과다 공급량 역시 최소화 되었고, 특히 사료 성분의 변화를 최소화함으로서 변경시점을 전후로 하여 성장의 정체현상은 나타나지 않는 등 신속한 적응력을 보이고 있었다.However, instead of reducing the initial feed to 100% piglet feed, and reducing the piglet feed amount by 2 to 5% every three days according to the age, multi-stage feed that combines the reduced piglet feed into hog feed 10 days before shipment. In the fed treatment group, the nutrients supplied were optimally close to the pig growth curve, and no nutrient deficiency occurred, overfeeding was also minimized, especially by stabilizing growth before and after the change point by minimizing changes in feed composition. The phenomenon did not appear, showing a quick adaptability.
다시말해, 육성 비육기간동안 두가지 사료의 혼합비율을 달리하여 30여가지 사료를 만들어 일령에 따라 공급함으로서 성분의 변화가 비교적 작은 유사한 사료의 연속적인 공급에도 불구하고 사료 변경시점을 전후로 한 적응이 매우 신속하게 이루어 진다는 사실을 확인할 수 있는 것이었다.In other words, 30 feeds are produced by varying the mixing ratio of the two feeds during the growing period, and are supplied according to the age. It could be confirmed that it is done quickly.
이와같이 옥수수와 대두박을 기초로 하는 사료를 기준으로 하여 생체중을 20kg 내지 115kg에 이르기까지 사료 종류를 달리하며 급여했을 때 상기 각각의 급여 처리군에 적용된 사료비용의 차이를 표 1에 나타내었다.Thus, Table 1 shows the difference in feed cost applied to each of the salary treatment groups when different types of feeds were fed from 20 kg to 115 kg of live weight based on corn and soybean meal-based feed.
이상에서 알수 있듯이 육성비육 단계에서 돼지 성장에 알맞는 사료를 급여하면 사료 효율을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 사료비용을 절감할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 다단계별 사양시스템은 한가지 또는 두가지 사료를 이용한 사양시스템에 비하여 두당 투여되는 사료원가가 현저하게 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다.As can be seen from the above, feeding the feed suitable for the growth of pigs in the fostering stage can not only improve feed efficiency but also reduce feed cost. Especially, the multi-level specification system uses one or two feed system. Compared to the feed cost administered per head was significantly lower than that.
한편, 생체중을 20kg 내지 115kg에 이르기까지 사료 종류를 달리하며 급여했을 때 상기 각각의 급여 처리군에 따른 감소된 오염물질 배설량은 표 2에 나타내었다.On the other hand, the reduced pollutant excretion amount according to each of the feed treatment group when the feed weight to varying feed weight from 20kg to 115kg is shown in Table 2.
이같은 다단계 사양시스템을 이용하여 실제 감소된 오염물을 측정한 결과, 빈번한 배합사료를 통해서 많은 량의 질소(N)와 인(P)과 같은 공해물질을 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 궁극적으로는 돈분의 배설량이 현저히 감소됨으로서 공해물질의 폐기비용이 또한 크게 절감되는 등 기회 이익의 가치도 제공할 수 있었다.Using this multi-level specification system to measure the actual reduced pollutants, it was possible to reduce large amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) through frequent blended feeds, and ultimately the amount of excretion Significantly reduced, the cost of disposal of pollutants could also be significantly reduced, providing the value of opportunity benefits.
이와같은 본 발명의 다단계 사양시스템에 따르면, 컴퓨터 제어시스템을 이용하여 돼지의 최적 성장곡선에 부합된 사료를 급여한 경우, 종래의 2단계 내지 3단계 사양시스템을 이용한 경우에 비해 출하일령이 약 7일 정도 단축된다. 이는 도 3에서 알 수 있듯이 육성 초기단계에서 돼지의 영양소 요구량에 맞춘 일령별 사료 배합비율을 달리 할 수 있으므로 잠재적 성장곡선을 완성시킬 수 있기 때문이다.According to the multi-stage specification system of the present invention, when the feed that meets the optimum growth curve of the pigs by using the computer control system, the delivery date is about 7 compared to the case of using the conventional two-stage 3 system It is shortened by about one day. This is because, as can be seen in Figure 3, the growth rate can be completed by varying the daily blending ratio according to the nutrient requirements of the pig in the early stage of development.
본 발명의 다단계 사양시스템에 사용되는 상기 컴퓨터 제어시스템에는 갓난 돼지의 출산시 초기 중량에 따른 복수개의 육성비육돈 표준 성장곡선 그래프가 내장된다. 이같은 성장그래프는 출산시 초기 중량이 1.4kg, 1.3kg, 1.2kg, 1.1kg, 1.0kg인 경우 하기의 표 3 내지 표 7과 같이 표현되게 되는데, 이들은 체중이 각각 20kg를 초과하는 일령 45일, 51일, 57일, 63일, 72일부터 본 발명의 다단계 사료 급여시스템을 적용하게 되는 것이며, 이를 통해 사양가가 사육하고 있는 돼지의 성장속도를 손쉽게 조절할 수 있게 된다.The computer control system used in the multi-stage specification system of the present invention has a built-in graph of a plurality of growth feeder standard growth curves according to the initial weight at birth of a newborn pig. Such a growth graph is expressed as shown in Tables 3 to 7 below when the initial weight at birth is 1.4kg, 1.3kg, 1.2kg, 1.1kg, 1.0kg, these are 45 days of age when the body weight exceeds 20kg, From 51 days, 57 days, 63 days, 72 days will be to apply the multi-stage feed system of the present invention, through which it is possible to easily control the growth rate of pigs that the breeder is breeding.
즉, 사양가의 필요에 따라 또는 돼지고기 시장 수요에 따라 돼지의 성장을 극대화시킬 것인지 사료비용을 최소화시킬 것인지를 판단하고 이를 직접 응용하는 경쟁력을 갖춘 축산이 가능해 질 수 있는 것이다.That is, it is possible to determine whether to maximize the growth of pigs or minimize the feed cost according to the needs of the specification price or the demand of the pork market, and it is possible to have a livestock with a competitive advantage to apply it directly.
하기 표 3은, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.4kg이고, 체중이 20kg을 초과하는 일령 45일의 자돈에 대하여, 배합사료 급여시기 및 배합비율을 급여일정에 따라 3일간격으로 조절하여 출하 10일전까지 급여함으로서, 105kg의 돼지를 150일에 맞추어 출하하기 위한 사양시스템을 소개하고 있다.Table 3 below, the initial weight of the birth weight 1.4kg, for the 45-day-old piglets weighing more than 20kg, by adjusting the feed and feed ratio of the compound feed every three days according to the pay schedule until 10 days before shipping By feeding, he introduces a specification system for shipping 105kg pigs in 150 days.
하기 표 4는, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.3kg이고, 체중이 20kg을 초과하는 일령 51일의 자돈에 대하여, 배합사료 급여시기 및 배합비율을 급여일정에 따라 3일간격으로 조절하여 출하 10일전까지 급여함으로서, 105kg의 돼지를 160일에 맞추어 출하하기 위한 사양시스템을 소개한다.Table 4 below, the initial weight of the birth weight is 1.3kg, for the 51-day-old piglets weighing more than 20kg, the formula feed time and blending ratio is adjusted every three days according to the pay schedule until 10 days before shipping By feeding, we introduce a specification system for shipping 105kg pigs in 160 days.
또한, 하기 표 5는, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.2kg이고, 체중이 20kg을 초과하는 일령 57일의 자돈에 대하여, 배합사료 급여시기 및 배합비율을 급여일정에 따라 3일간격으로 조절하여 출하 10일전까지 급여함으로서, 105kg의 돼지를 170일에 맞추어 출하하기 위한 사양시스템을 소개한다.In addition, Table 5 below, the initial weight is 1.2kg at birth, and weighing more than 20kg of piglets 57 days of age, the adjusted feed date and compounding ratio of the feed to the feed schedule according to the three days to 10 days shipment 10 By paying the last day, we introduce a specification system for shipping 105kg pigs in 170 days.
하기 표 6은, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.1kg이고, 체중이 20kg을 초과하는 일령 63일의 자돈에 대하여, 배합사료 급여시기 및 배합비율을 급여일정에 따라 3일간격으로 조절하여 출하 10일전까지 급여함으로서, 105kg의 돼지를 180일에 맞추어 출하하기 위한 사양시스템을 소개한다.Table 6 below, the initial weight of the birth weight is 1.1kg, for the piglets of 63 days of age over 20kg, the formula feed time and blending ratio is adjusted every three days according to the pay schedule until 10 days before shipping By feeding, we introduce a specification system for shipping 105kg pigs in 180 days.
하기 표 7은, 출산시 초기 중량이 1.0kg이고, 체중이 20kg을 초과하는 일령 72일의 자돈에 대하여, 배합사료 급여시기 및 배합비율을 급여일정에 따라 3일간격으로 조절하여 출하 10일전까지 급여함으로서, 105kg의 돼지를 190일에 맞추어 출하하기 위한 사양시스템을 소개한다.Table 7 below, the initial weight of the birth weight 1.0kg, the weight of more than 20kg for piglets 72 days of age, the formula feed time and blending ratio is adjusted every three days according to the pay schedule until 10 days before shipping By feeding, we introduce a specification system for shipping 105kg pigs in 190 days.
항상 돼지의 체중에 맞는 적절한 영양소가 급여되므로 영양소 결핍에 기인한돈방내 돼지들의 투쟁이 없어지고 체중이 큰 돼지와 작은 돼지의 체중 편차가 크게 줄어들게 되어 균일도가 향상된다. 이는 출하시 최대의 이익을 사양가에게 부여할 수 있게 되는 것이다.Since the proper nutrients for pigs are always fed, the struggle of pigs in pigs due to nutrient deficiency is eliminated, and the weight deviation of large and small pigs is greatly reduced, thereby improving uniformity. This will give the maximum value to the specification price at the time of shipment.
이상에서 살펴본 바와같이 본 발명은, 육성비육기간동안 고 영양사료와 저 영양사료 2가지의 배합비율을 달리하여 30여가지의 사료를 만들어 성장 단계별로 최적의 영양사료를 급여함으로서 영양소의 낭비와 결핍을 최소화하고 돼지성장에 부합되는 최적의 사료공급 시스템을 제공한다.As described above, the present invention, by varying the ratio of the two high nutritional and low nutritional feed during the growth period, 30 kinds of feeds are made to feed the optimal nutritional feed by growth stages and waste of nutrients To minimize the risks and provide an optimal feeding system for pig growth.
뿐만 아니라 본 발명은, 적정량의 사료급여를 통해 배설물의 발생량을 현저히 저감시킴으로서 환경오염을 억제하는데 유용한 사양시스템을 제공하며, 갓난 돼지의 출산시 초기 중량에 따라 급여사료의 공급시기와 급여량을 달리하여 비육돈의 출하시기를 조절함으로서 경쟁력이 있는 축산이 가능토록 하는 것이다.In addition, the present invention provides a specification system useful for suppressing environmental pollution by significantly reducing the amount of excretion produced by feeding the appropriate amount of feed, by varying the feeding time and the amount of the feed according to the initial weight of the newborn pigs. By regulating the shipment of hog pigs, competitive livestock is possible.
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| KR102457182B1 (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-10-20 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | Pig growth prediction system using temperature and humidity sensing information in pig farm |
| KR102278911B1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-19 | 주식회사 잇다 | Pig feed method for each breeding stage |
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| KR0165692B1 (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1998-12-01 | 해칸 알쿠비스트, 마가레타 린더 | Process to correct and optimize the composition of feed |
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| KR102543909B1 (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2023-06-20 | (주)호현에프앤씨 | System and method for determining the optimal pig shipping time |
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