KR100405478B1 - Catalytic aftertreatment method for the automotive emission control and its applications - Google Patents
Catalytic aftertreatment method for the automotive emission control and its applications Download PDFInfo
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- KR100405478B1 KR100405478B1 KR10-2000-0085353A KR20000085353A KR100405478B1 KR 100405478 B1 KR100405478 B1 KR 100405478B1 KR 20000085353 A KR20000085353 A KR 20000085353A KR 100405478 B1 KR100405478 B1 KR 100405478B1
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- exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
본 발명은 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 종래의 산화반응에 의해 제거가 어려운 탄소수 5 이상의 파라핀계열 탄화수소를 탄화수소 분해촉매를 이용하여 탄소수가 적은 파라핀 및 올레핀으로 분해시킴으로써 배기가스의 정화효율은 높인 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 관한 것이다. 따라서, 이러한 본 발명에 따르면, 자동차 배기가스에 대한 삼원촉매의 정화성능을 향상시킴은 물론, 배기가스로부터 탄화수소를 보다 효율적으로 정화시킬 수 있어 환경오염을 줄일 수 있는 효과를 나타낸다.The present invention relates to a method for purifying automobile exhaust gas and its use, and more particularly, by decomposing paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms, which are difficult to remove by conventional oxidation reactions, to hydrocarbons having low carbon number using paraffin and olefins. The purification efficiency of the exhaust gas is related to the automobile exhaust gas purification method and the use thereof. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the purification performance of the three-way catalyst for the vehicle exhaust gas, as well as to more effectively purify the hydrocarbon from the exhaust gas, thereby reducing the environmental pollution.
Description
본 발명은 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 종래의 산화반응에 의해 제거가 어려운 탄소수 5 이상의 파라핀계열 탄화수소를 탄화수소 분해촉매를 이용하여 탄소수가 적은 파라핀 및 올레핀으로 분해시킴으로써 배기가스의 정화효율은 높인 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for purifying automobile exhaust gas and its use, and more particularly, by decomposing paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms, which are difficult to remove by conventional oxidation reactions, to hydrocarbons having low carbon number using paraffin and olefins. The purification efficiency of the exhaust gas is related to the automobile exhaust gas purification method and the use thereof.
오늘날 가솔린 자동차의 배기가스는 엔진후방에 장착된 귀금속 삼원촉매에 의하여 정화되고 있다(참조: 도 1). 즉, 탄화수소와 일산화탄소는 산화반응에 의해 정화되고 질소산화물은 환원반응으로 정화된다.The exhaust gas of today's gasoline cars is purified by a noble metal three-way catalyst mounted on the rear of the engine (see Fig. 1). That is, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are purified by oxidation and nitrogen oxides are purified by reduction.
그런데, 이러한 탄화수소가 삼원촉매에서 산화반응을 거쳐 정화되는 반응성은 개별 탄화수소의 탄소수와 종류에 따라 영향을 받는다.However, the reactivity that such hydrocarbons are purified by oxidation in the three-way catalyst is affected by the number and type of carbon of the individual hydrocarbons.
그러나, 현재 삼원촉매에서의 배기가스 정화방법은 엔진으로부터 유입되는 탄화수소의 조성에 대한 아무런 재조정없이 곧바로 배기가스가 삼원촉매에 유입되므로 상대적으로 산화반응에 대한 반응성이 낮은 탄소수 5 이상의 파라핀계열의 탄화수소를 제거하기에는 매우 어려운 문제점이 있어왔다(참조: 도 3 및 도 4).However, the current method of purifying exhaust gas in three-way catalysts does not require re-adjustment of the hydrocarbon composition from the engine, so the exhaust gas flows directly into the three-way catalysts. There has been a very difficult problem to remove (see Figures 3 and 4).
따라서, 자동차 배기가스로부터 탄소수 5 이상의 파라핀계열의 탄화수소를 제거하기 위한 새로운 방법의 개발 필요성이 절실히 대두되고 있는 실정이었다.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new method for removing paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms from automobile exhaust gas.
이에, 본 발명의 별명자는 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 예의 노력한 결과, 엔진으로부터 유입된 탄소수 5 이상의 파라핀계열 탄화수소를 올레핀과 기타 저급의 파라핀으로 분해할 수 있는 탄화수소 분해촉매를 엔진과 삼원촉매시스템 사이에 위치시킴으로써 배기가스의 정화효율을 높일 수 있음을 확인함으로써, 본 발명을 완성하였다.Therefore, the nickname of the present invention, as a result of diligent efforts to solve the above problems, the engine and three-way catalyst system to decompose the hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst that can decompose the C 5 or more paraffinic hydrocarbons from the olefin and other low-grade paraffins The present invention has been completed by confirming that the purification efficiency of the exhaust gas can be increased by placing it in between.
결국, 본 발명의 주된 목적은 엔진과 삼원촉매시스템 사이에 탄화수소 분해촉매를 위치시킨 자동차 배기가스 정화방법을 제공하는데 있다.After all, the main object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle exhaust gas purification method in which a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst is located between an engine and a three-way catalyst system.
또한, 본 발명의 또다른 목적은 상기 자동차 배기가스 정화방법을 이용한 자동차 배기가스 장치를 제공하는 것이다.In addition, another object of the present invention to provide an automobile exhaust gas apparatus using the vehicle exhaust gas purification method.
도 1은 종래의 삼원촉매 시스템의 개략도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional three-way catalyst system.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 탄화수소 분해촉매가 장착된 삼원촉매 시스템의 개략도를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a three-way catalyst system equipped with a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst according to the present invention.
도 3은 종래 엔진의 출구에서 조사된 탄화수소의 종류 및 탄소수 분포를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 3 shows the type and carbon number distribution of the hydrocarbon irradiated at the exit of the conventional engine.
도 4는 종래 삼원촉매시스템의 출구에서 조사된 탄화수소의 종류 및 탄소수 분포를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 4 shows the type and carbon number distribution of the hydrocarbon irradiated at the exit of the conventional three-way catalyst system.
이하, 본 발명의 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 대하여 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the vehicle exhaust gas purification method of the present invention and its use will be described in more detail.
우선, 본 발명은 엔진과 삼원촉매시스템 사이에 탄화수소 분해촉매를 위치시킨 자동차 배기가스 정화방법을 그 특징으로 한다. 상기 탄화수소 분해촉매는 종래 통상의 원통형 구조로 성형된 다공성 담체에 제올라이트 또는 실리카알루미나를 코팅하여 이루어져 있으며, 이러한 탄화수소 분해촉매(C)는 도 2에 나타난 바와 같이 엔진(A)과 삼원촉매시스템(B) 사이에 장착되어 엔진으로 부터 유입된 배기가스를 통과시킨다. 즉, 엔진으로부터 유입된 배기가스 중에 포함된 탄소수 5 이상의 고급 파라핀계열 탄화수소는 산화반응에 대한 반응성이 낮기 때문에 통상의 삼원촉매 시스템에서는 산화반응을 통해 이들을 제거하기가 용이하지 않다. 따라서, 본 발명에서는 이들 탄소수 5 이상의 고급 파라핀계열 탄화수소를 1차적으로 탄화수소 분해촉매를 이용해 올레핀과 보다 저급의 탄화수소로 분해시킨 후 이를 통상의 삼원촉매에 의한 산화반응을 통해 정화하고자 하는 것이다. 여기서, 탄화수소 분해촉매는 상기와 같이 제올라이트 또는 실리카알루미나 단독 또는 이들의 조합을 이용하여 통상의 원통형 구조로 성형된 다공성 담체에 코팅시켜 이루어져 있다.First, the present invention is characterized by a method for purifying automobile exhaust gas in which a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst is placed between an engine and a three-way catalyst system. The hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst is formed by coating zeolite or silica alumina on a porous carrier molded into a conventional cylindrical structure, and the hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst (C) is an engine (A) and a three-way catalyst system (B) as shown in FIG. 2. ) To pass the exhaust gas from the engine. That is, since the higher paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms contained in the exhaust gas introduced from the engine have low reactivity to the oxidation reaction, it is not easy to remove them through the oxidation reaction in the conventional three-way catalyst system. Therefore, in the present invention, the higher paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms are primarily decomposed into olefins and lower hydrocarbons using a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst, and then purified through an oxidation reaction using a conventional three-way catalyst. Here, the hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst is coated on a porous carrier molded into a conventional cylindrical structure using zeolite or silica alumina alone or a combination thereof as described above.
또한, 본 발명은 상기의 자동차 배기가스 정화방법을 이용한 자동차 배기가스 정화장치를 포함한다. 이러한 본 발명의 자동차 배기가스 정화장치는 원통형 구조로 성형된 다공성 담체에 제올라이트 또는 실리카알루미나를 코팅하여 이루어진 탄화수소 분해촉매(C)가 삼원촉매시스템(B)의 전단부에 장착되어 하나의 촉매시스템으로 이루어져 있다.In addition, the present invention includes a vehicle exhaust gas purification apparatus using the vehicle exhaust gas purification method described above. The automobile exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention has a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst (C) formed by coating zeolite or silica alumina on a porous carrier molded into a cylindrical structure and is mounted at the front end of the three-way catalyst system (B) as one catalyst system. consist of.
이하, 본 발명을 실시예에 의하여 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 그러나, 이들 실시예는 오로지 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명하기 위한 것으로, 이들 실시예에 의하여 본 발명의 범위가 한정되지 않는다는 것은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 자명할 것이다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. .
실시예:Example
탄화수소 분해촉매로서 제올라이트를 담체에 코팅한 촉매를 엔진 후반부 및 삼원촉매시스템 전단부 사이에 도 2와 같이 추가장착한 다음, 불꽃이온화 검출기를 사용하는 탄화수소 분석기로 탄화수소 배출량을 측정하였다. 그리고, 그 결과를 다음 표 1에 요약하여 나타내었다.As a hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst, a catalyst coated with a zeolite on a carrier was additionally mounted between the rear part of the engine and the front part of the three-way catalyst system as shown in FIG. 2, and then the hydrocarbon emission was measured by a hydrocarbon analyzer using a flame ionization detector. The results are summarized in Table 1 below.
비교예:Comparative example:
종래의 삼원촉매시스템을 엔진후반부에 통상의 방법대로 장착한 뒤, 상기 실시예와 동일한 방법으로 탄화수소 배출량을 측정하였다. 그리고, 그 결과를 다음 표 1에 요약하여 나타내었다.After the conventional three-way catalyst system was mounted on the rear of the engine according to a conventional method, hydrocarbon emissions were measured in the same manner as in the above embodiment. The results are summarized in Table 1 below.
이상에서 상세히 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 자동차 배기가스 정화방법 및 이의 이용에 관한 것이다. 따라서, 이러한 본 발명에 따르면, 자동차 배기가스에 대한 삼원촉매의 정화성능을 향상시킴은 물론, 배기가스로부터 탄화수소를 보다 효율적으로 정화시킬 수 있어 환경오염을 줄일 수 있는 효과를 나타낸다.As described in detail above, the present invention relates to a vehicle exhaust gas purification method and its use. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the purification performance of the three-way catalyst for the vehicle exhaust gas, as well as to more effectively purify the hydrocarbon from the exhaust gas, thereby reducing the environmental pollution.
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