KR100367545B1 - Soil Conditioner and Soil-Ameliorating Method - Google Patents

Abstract

A soil conditioner which improves the soil productivity (heart) inherent to soil by means of the oxidation and environmental activity of microorganisms and various metabolites thereof without using agricultural chemicals or chemical fertilizers in large quantities and which provides crops with the soil as an easily utilizable component, so that the yields of the crops can be increased and that the crops can be improved in savors, and a method of ameliorating soils, the soil conditioner containing at least one of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus and Candida lipolytica.

Description

Soil Conditioner and Soil-Ameliorating Method

The present invention relates to a soil improving agent and a soil improving method.

An important point in modern agriculture is the improvement of various varieties and the large use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In fact, as a result agriculture has been realized that is resistant to pests, gives high yields and saves time and labor.

However, the increase in yield has now reached its limit, and thus new problems are emerging.

The first problem is environmental issues. Nitrogen and phosphorus released from chemical fertilizers flow into rivers and cause eutrophication of lakes and swamps, causing water flowers and red tide.

In addition, pesticides seriously affect not only the health of the workers themselves, but also neighboring residents, and also damage the health of consumers as residual pesticides.

The second problem is that the soil is oxidized and weakened due to the excessive increase in soil productivity due to the application of chemical fertilizers, and the crops can not produce the original nourishment and thus taste different from the original crops. For this reason, it is said that vegetables cultivated in the old natural soil are delicious.

The third problem is that the yield obtained by the conventional method has reached its limit.

It is an object of the present invention to improve soil specific productivity (rich harvest) by oxidizing and environmental activity by microorganisms and various metabolites thereof without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers in large quantities, and to facilitate soil. The present invention provides a soil improving agent and a soil improving method which can provide a crop as an available ingredient, can increase the yield of the crop, and can improve the taste of the crop.

The above object is achieved by any one of the following configurations (1) to (4).

(1) Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Paracasei ( Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Paracasei ) and enterococcus malodoratus , characterized in that it contains at least one species. (2) Said (1) The soil improving agent according to claim 1, which further contains Candida lipolytica .

(3) Lactobacillus paracasei Subspisis Paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus and Candida lipolytica, Soil improving agent characterized in that it contains.

(4) A soil improvement method comprising the step of spraying at least one of Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei and Enterococcus malodorus on the soil for crops. (5) Said (4). In addition, the soil improvement method characterized by spraying Candida lipolytica to the soil for crops.

(6) A soil improvement method comprising the step of spraying a mixture containing a Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Candida lipolytica on the crop soil.

Hereinafter, the specific structure of this invention is demonstrated.

The soil improving agent of the present invention contains at least one of Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Candida lipolytica, but preferably contains all of them.

Lactobacillus is a Gram-positive rod-like bacterium that ferments sugars to produce lactic acid. As an example of the Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei, it is known to isolate it from dairy products, sewage, silage and clinical material. As the Lactobacillus paracasei subphysis paracasei, under the Butafest Treaty (hereinafter referred to as the International Depository) on the international approval of the deposit of microorganisms in the patent procedure, the present applicant, specifically the inventors It is preferable to use the Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei deposited internationally as DDD-a (Accession No. FERM BP-6463) to the Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, Institute of Commerce, Industry and Technology, a patent microbial depository.

Hereinafter, the bacteriological properties of the Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei will be described.

Test Item Test Result

Form fungus

Gram Dyeing +

Spores-

Mobility-

Behavior of oxygen Fucultative anaerobic

Catalase-

Lactic Acid L (+) Formed

Gas Generation from Glucose-

Gas generation from glucoate +

Growth at 15 ° C +

Growth at 45 ° C-

Fermentability of Sugars

Amigdaline +

Arabinos-

Aesculin +

Fructose +

Galactose +

Glucose +

Gluconate +

Lactose +

Maltose +

Mannitol +

Mannose +

Melegitos +

Melibiose-

Rafinos-

Rhamnos-

Ribose +

Raised +

Sorbitol +

Sucrose +

Trehalose +

Xylose-

GC content of DNA in microorganisms (mol%) * 1 46

* 1: by HPLC method

Enterococcus is known as enterococci, and as an example of enterococcus malodoratus, it is known to be separated from cheese.

As Enterococcus malodoratus, the present applicant, specifically one of the present inventors, has deposited internationally as DDD-b (Accession Number FERM BP-6464) to the Institute of Biotechnology Industrial Technology, the Institute of Commerce and Industry, which is a patent microbial depository. Preference is given to using one Enterococcus malodoratus.

Hereinafter, the bacteriological properties of the enterococcus malodoratus will be described.

Test Item Test Result

Form streptococci

Gram Dyeing +

Spores-

Mobility-

Behavior of Oxygen Fulacticative Anaerobic

Catalase-

Gas Generation from Glucose-

Lactic Acid L (+) Formed

Growth at 15 ° C +

Growth at 45 ° C-

Growth in the presence of 6.5% NaCl +

growth at pH 9.6 +

Growth in the presence of 40% bile +

Hemolysis α-hemolysis

Arginine Dihydrolase-

Hypolic acid-

Hydrolysis of Aesculin +

Growth in 0.1% Methylene Blue Milk-

VP reaction-

Generation of acid

Xylose-

Rhamnose +

Sucrose +

Lactose +

Melibiose +

Rafinos +

Melegitos + * 1

Glycerol-

Adonitol-* 2

Sorbitol +

Mannitol +

L-Arabinose-

Creation of yellow pigment-

GC content of DNA in microorganisms (mol%) * 2 40

* 1: atypical constellation

* 2: by HPLC method

Candida is a yeast belonging to an incomplete fungus, and since Candida lipolytica has a lipase, it is separated as a microorganism causing deterioration such as butter and macarin. Examples have been found isolated from animals including olives, soils and humans.

As Candida lipolytica, the present applicant, specifically one of the inventors, has deposited internationally as DDD-c (Accession Number FERM BP-6465) to the Institute of Biotechnology Industrial Technology, the Institute of Commerce and Industry, which is a patent microbial depository. It is preferable to use one Candida lipolytica.

Hereinafter, the bacteriological properties of Candida lipolytica, which is DDD-c, will be described.

Test Item Test Result

Form of Nutrients Bacteria Egg-Elliptical-Cylinder

Proliferative Multipolar Germination

Liquid culture precipitation and film formation are observed

Pseudomycelium formed (25 ℃, 3 days)

Fungus formed (25 ° C, 3 days)

Not formed in any of the follicle spores Adams (ADAMS), GORODKOWA, malt, YM, V-8 and potato glucose medium

Fermentability

Glucose-

Galactose-

Sucrose-

Maltose-

Lactose-

Rafinos-

Assimilation

Galactose-

Sucrose-

Maltose-

Cellobiose-

Trehalose-

Lactose-

Melibiose-

Rafinos-

Melegitos-

Starch-

D-Xylose-

L-Arabinose-

D-ribose +

L-Rhamnose-

Glycerol +

Erythritol +

Livitol-

D-mannitol +

Lactate +

Succinate +

Citrate +

Inositol-

Assimilation of nitrates-

Growth at 37 ° C-

Growth in Vitamin Deficiency Medium-

Explode slightly of the element

DBB Colors-

Lipase +

The three microbial cells grow well in any medium when the medium is a normal nutrient medium. In MRS medium, in particular, Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei and Enterococcus malodoratus are preferably grown, and in particular, Candida lipolytica is preferably grown in YM medium.

All of these microbial cells multiply well when incubated at approximately 15 to 45 ° C.

In the soil improvement method provided by this invention, the microbial dispersion liquid prepared by disperse | distributing at least 1 sort (s) of the microorganisms of said 3 microorganisms is sprayed on the agricultural crop soil. The microbial dispersion is a dispersion of the microorganisms in a liquid medium. When this microbial dispersion contains all three microorganisms, the amount ratio of the microbial cells is not critical. That is, if the microbial cells are allowed to coexist in water, they are stabilized at almost constant ratio according to the preservation or culture conditions. However, when the above-mentioned preservation or culture conditions are appropriately set to obtain the following nutrient ratios, the soil improvement function can be exhibited remarkably efficiently.

Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei: 20-60%

Enterococcus malodoratus: 20-60%

Candida lipolytica: 10-30%

When the microbial dispersion is actually sprayed onto the soil, the microbial dispersion is diluted with water and the diluted dispersion is sprayed. When the microbial dispersion is diluted, the concentration of the diluted microbial dispersion obtained is approximately 10 ³ to 10 ⁴ microbial count / ml. In addition, the spread amount of the diluted dispersion is preferably approximately 1,000 to 2,000 cc per m 2 of soil. If the diluted dispersion is sprayed in an amount greater than the above range, no adverse effects on the soil are observed. That is, the upper limit of the application amount is simply determined in consideration of the cost.

Each of the microbial cells is preferably stored in a state where a group of microorganisms is fixed to a carrier and can be easily handled.

The carrier for immobilizing the microbial population is preferably a large capacity for retaining the microorganisms and at the same time allowing easy activation of the microorganisms.

The carrier is preferably selected from rock (e.g., pearl rock, diatomaceous earth) or its pulverized product, gravel, sand, plastic, ceramic (e.g., alumina, silica, natural zeolites and synthetic zeolites) and talc. In particular, it is preferable to use a porous material having continuous vent holes such as porous ceramics or porous plastics. For example, it is preferable to use fine powder (trade name: Perlite) obtained by heat-treating the pulverized product of pearlite at a high temperature and high pressure, and then rapidly decreasing the pressure, because this is because of the attachment of microorganisms and their This is because it has the property of allowing survival. The pore diameter of the porous material is preferably about 2 to 10 mu m. The carrier may be in the form of agglomerates, granules, powders, fine powders, plates and needle-like materials, whereas powders having an average particle diameter of 2 mm or less are preferred, and an average particle diameter of 50 μm to 1 mm. Powder is particularly preferred. The microbial group fixed to the carrier may be used in a state in which water or a gas such as a cloth or a vessel made of a net is permeable well.

As the carrier, a woven or nonwoven fabric in the form of a ribbon or sheet may be used.

When the carrier can hold the microbial group, the carrier and the microbial dispersion according to the present invention are mixed and the mixture is dried, while the microbial group may be cultured on the carrier.

Depending on the retention conditions, the amount of the group of retention microorganisms is preferably 5 to 20,000,000,000 microbial number / cm 3, more preferably 10 to 10,000,000,000 microbial number / cm 3.

In addition, all three microbial cells do not show toxicity.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the examples.

Rapeseed soybean paste and the like were dissolved in water, completely decayed and matured to prepare a medium, and microorganisms of DDD-a, DDD-b and DDD-c deposited in the patent microbial deposit were injected into the medium under aeration. Dilute microbial dispersion was obtained by diluting the growth medium to 100 times with water. This microbial dispersion was sprayed onto the orchard at a rate of approximately 1,000 cc / m 2. The total number of microorganisms in the microbial dispersion was approximately 10 ³ / ml. Moreover, the ratio of DDD-a: DDD-b: DDD-c was about 40:40:20%.

Various crops were cultivated under the conditions described above in the paddy fields, highlands, and orchards (spray small compartments, examples) and conventional small compartments (comparative examples) treated as described above. In addition, the chemical fertilizer ("Kumiai Kagaku Hiryu", 15% of nitrogen, 15% of phosphoric acid and 15% of potassium) from Copeka Gakusa was readjusted to 13.3% of nitrogen, 16.7% of phosphoric acid, and 11.7% of potassium, and the above-mentioned small-spreading compartment and The conventional small compartment was sprayed at a rate of approximately 60 kg / 10 ha. As a result, excellent results were obtained in the spraying small compartments as compared with the results in the conventional small compartments.

result

Rice harvest: Yield was 1.3 to 2 times higher. The roots grew long, the stems grew thick, and the rice was highly resistant to typhoons. The stem grows large and the taste of rice is greatly improved.

Eggplant: The yield was 3-4 times higher. The stem grew thick and the leaves were large.

Gourd: The yield was 1.5 times higher.

Tomato: Yield was twice as high.

Potatoes: Yield was three times higher. The tubers themselves grew large, increasing the amount of starch.

Watermelon: The yield was three times higher. The watermelon grew very large, and the sugar content was twice as high.

Pumpkin: The yield was three times higher. The pumpkin was very big and no holes.

Peach: The yield was twice as high and the sugar content was 2.5 times higher.

Black tea: Vitamin C content increased by 40%.

Pear: The yield was twice as high and the sugar content was 1.5 times higher.

Chinese cabbage (Komatsuna): The yield was 1.5 times higher.

Maize: yield was 1.5 times higher.

Cabbage: The yield was 1.2 times higher.

Leek: The yield was 1.4 times higher.

Sugarcane: The yield was 1.5 times higher and the sugar content was 1.2 times higher.

Makdu: The yield was 1.5 times higher.

Cherry: The yield was 1.2 times higher and the sugar content 1.3 times higher.

Apples: The yield was 1.3 times higher and the sugar content 1.5 times higher.

Carrot: The yield was 1.8 times higher.

Spinach: The yield was 1.5 times higher.

According to the present invention, in general, the stems grew thick, the roots grew long, and the leaves grew large, resulting in greater photosynthesis. Therefore, the yield was increased, the sugar content was increased, the nutrient content such as vitamins was increased, the growth rate was also increased, and the plants were resistant to damage caused by wind or rain.

In addition, when the microbial cells were sprayed and tested in the same manner as above, the yield was lower than the yield obtained when the three microorganisms were combined and sprayed, but the effect of each microbial cell was lower than that of the conventional small compartment. It turned out high.

In addition, the above-mentioned spraying compartment (when spraying the soil improving agent of the present invention) and the soil of the conventional small compartment were analyzed 6 months after the application of the soil improving agent, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Metric Conventional small compartment (comparative example) Spraying Area (Example) Hydrogen ion concentration 5.2 5.5 Lime saturation 31% 47% Magnesia Saturated 16% 22% Exchangeable Magnesia 48mg 71mg Exchangeable Potassium 28mg 70mg Potassium Saturation 10% 21% Effective Phosphoric Acid 60mg 85mg Base Saturation 55% 70% Exchangeable calcium oxide 178 mg 252mg mold 7.0% 7.2%

As is apparent from Table 1, the soil was improved for almost all items tested. The reason is considered as follows. The fertilizer component present in the soil is decomposed by microorganisms and is easily absorbed by plants, and the soil is changed to a state containing a large amount of air, and the soil layer in which the roots of the plant extends along with the respiratory activity of the microorganism This is because it is suitable for the growth of plants and at the same time it is suitable for growth.

The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 98-247811 filed on August 18, 1998, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

According to the present invention, the yield of crops can be increased by improving the soil specific productivity (rich harvest) by the action of the bacteria and yeast, and providing the soil as a component readily available to crops. Improve the taste of crops

Claims (6)

A soil modifier comprising at least one of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei and Enterococcus malodoratus . The soil improving agent according to claim 1, further comprising Candida lipolytica . Lactobacillus paracasei Subspisis Paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus and Candida lipolytica, Soil improving agent characterized in that it contains. A soil improvement method comprising the step of spraying at least one of Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei and Enterococcus malodorus on the crop soil. The soil improvement method according to claim 4, further comprising spraying Candida lipolytica onto the crop soil. A soil improvement method comprising the step of spreading a mixture containing a Lactobacillus paracasei subspisis paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Candida lipolytica on agricultural soil.