KR100363813B1 - Gas carburization method and its apparatus - Google Patents
Gas carburization method and its apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- KR100363813B1 KR100363813B1 KR1019960000617A KR19960000617A KR100363813B1 KR 100363813 B1 KR100363813 B1 KR 100363813B1 KR 1019960000617 A KR1019960000617 A KR 1019960000617A KR 19960000617 A KR19960000617 A KR 19960000617A KR 100363813 B1 KR100363813 B1 KR 100363813B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
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Abstract
침탄 처리온도인 750∼950℃로 승온 예열한 피처리재 W를, 탄화수소 가스와 산화성 가스가 직접 공급되어 1000∼1100℃로 가열된 침탄 분위기 속에서, 가열처리한다. 계속하여, 피처리재 W를 600℃ 이하로 강제 냉각하고, 다시 피처리재를 750∼850℃로 재가열한 후, 담금질을 실시한다. 처리시간이 대폭으로 단축되므로, 침탄처리에 드는 에너지를 절약할 수 있다.The object W to be heated and preheated to a carburizing treatment temperature of 750 to 950 占 폚 is subjected to heat treatment in a carburizing atmosphere which is directly fed with a hydrocarbon gas and an oxidizing gas and heated to 1000 to 1100 占 폚. Subsequently, the material to be treated W is forcedly cooled to 600 ° C or lower, and the material to be treated is reheated to 750 ° C to 850 ° C, followed by quenching. The processing time is greatly shortened, so that energy for carburizing can be saved.
Description
본 발명은 가스 침탄방법 및 그의 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a gas carburization method and apparatus thereof.
종래 일반적인 가스침탄은, 변성로(變成爐)에서 제조한 변성가스를 사용하고, 처리온도를 900∼930℃로 유지하여 실시하여 왔다.Conventional gas carburization has been carried out by using a denatured gas produced in a denaturing furnace and maintaining the treating temperature at 900 to 930 캜.
그외, 변성로에 의한 변성가스의 제조공정을 빼고, 원료가스로서의 탄화수소가스와 산화성 가스를 노(爐)안에 직접 공급하도록 하여, 경제성의 향상을 꾀한 가스 침탄방법이, 본원 출원인에 의해 제안된 바 있다(일본특허 공고 1 - 38870호 공보, 일본특허 공고 6 - 51904호 공보 등).In addition, a gas carburization method in which the production process of the denatured gas by the denaturing furnace is omitted, and the hydrocarbon gas and the oxidizing gas as raw material gases are directly fed into the furnace, thereby improving the economical efficiency, is proposed by the present applicant (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 1 - 38870 and 6 - 51904).
종래의 일반적인 가스 침탄방법에 있어서의 900∼930℃의 처리온도는, 피처리재의 결정 입자가 조대화되는 것을 방지하고 처리시간의 효율성을 고려하여 설정된 것이다. 즉, 처리온도가 900∼930℃를 초과하는 경우에는, 단시간에 필요로하는 침탄층을 얻을 수 있지만, 반면에 피처리재의 결정 입자가 조대화되어 좋은 침탄조직을 얻을 수 없다. 반대로, 처리온도가 900∼930℃ 미만인 경우에는, 양호한 침탄조직을 얻을 수는 있으나, 필요로하는 침탄 깊이를 얻는데는 장시간이 소요된다.The treatment temperature of 900 to 930 占 폚 in the conventional general gas carburization method is set in consideration of the efficiency of treatment time and the prevention of coarsening of the crystal grains of the material to be treated. That is, when the treatment temperature is higher than 900 to 930 캜, a carburization layer required in a short time can be obtained, but on the other hand, the crystal grains of the material to be treated are coarse and a good carburized structure can not be obtained. On the other hand, when the treatment temperature is lower than 900 to 930 占 폚, a good carburizing structure can be obtained, but it takes a long time to obtain the necessary carburizing depth.
가스침탄에 있어서, 처리시간의 단축은 전력이나 가스 등의 에너지 사용량의 절감을 통하여 비용 절약에 크게 공헌한다.In the gas carburization, the shortening of the treatment time contributes to the cost saving by reducing the energy consumption such as electric power and gas.
본 발명의 목적은, 제품의 품질을 저하시키지 않고 경제성이 우수한 가스 침탄방법 및 그의 장치를 제공하는 것이다.An object of the present invention is to provide a gas carburizing method and apparatus thereof which are excellent in economical efficiency without deteriorating product quality.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에서는 처리시간의 단축을 꾀한다.또, 본 발명에서는, 변성로 및 변성가스를 사용하지 않는다.In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention aims to shorten the processing time. In the present invention, a denaturing furnace and denatured gas are not used.
본 발명의 가스 침탄방법은, 침탄 처리온도 750∼950℃로 승온 예열한 피처리재를, 탄화수소가스와 산화성 가스가 직접공급되고 1000∼1100℃로 가열된 침탄 분위기로 가열처리하는 것이다.In the gas carburization method of the present invention, the object to be heated and preheated to a carburizing treatment temperature of 750 to 950 占 폚 is subjected to heat treatment in a carburizing atmosphere which is directly fed with hydrocarbon gas and oxidizing gas and heated to 1000 to 1100 占 폚.
본 발명에 의하면, 변성가스를 공급하여 1000∼1100℃로 가열된 침탄 분위기에서 가열처리되는 종래의 방법과는 달리, 노(爐)내에서 침탄 분위기를 직접 생성한다. 노 안에서 직접 생성된 침탄 분위기는 고환원성의 것이다. 따라서, 입계(粒界)산화가 적다. 또, 변성가스를 사용하지 않기 때문에, 가열 에너지(가스 현열 : 顯熱)를 절감할 수 있다. 또, 침탄층의 변동을 감소시키고 침탄시간을 단축할 수 있다.According to the present invention, a carburizing atmosphere is directly generated in a furnace, unlike the conventional method in which a denatured gas is supplied and heated in a carburizing atmosphere heated to 1000 to 1100 캜. The carburizing atmosphere generated directly in the furnace is highly reducing. Therefore, grain boundary oxidation is low. In addition, since no denaturing gas is used, the heating energy (gas sensible heat) can be saved. In addition, the variation of the carburized layer can be reduced and the carburizing time can be shortened.
본 발명에 따른 가스 침탄방법은, 바람직하게는 전기한 과정에 이어서, 피처리재를 600℃ 이하로 강제 냉각하고, 다시, 피처리재를 750∼850℃로 재가열한후, 층류방식(層流方式)으로 담금질을 한다.The gas carburization method according to the present invention is preferably a method of carburizing the material to be treated, preferably after the process of electricity, forcibly cooling the material to be processed at a temperature of 600 ° C or less, reheating the material to be treated at 750 to 850 ° C, Method).
이렇게 하면, 고온 침탄에 의하여 조대화된 결정 입자를, 냉각과 재가열로 소정의 입도로 조정하고 입계산화를 한층 감소시킬 수 있다. 또, 내마모성, 피로강도의 향상 등을 목적으로 하여 입상(粒狀) 탄화물을 균일하게 석출시키기가 쉽고, 종래와 동등한 또는 그 이상의 품질의 제품을 제공할 수가 있다.By doing so, it is possible to adjust the crystal grains coarsened by high-temperature carburization to a predetermined grain size by cooling and reheating, and further reduce the grain counting. In addition, it is easy to uniformly precipitate the granular carbide for the purpose of improving abrasion resistance and fatigue strength, and it is possible to provide a product of the same or higher quality than the conventional one.
또, 층류방식의 담금질을 채용하기 때문에, 담금질 변형(quenching distorsion)이 적은 우수한 품질의 제품을 단시간에 제공할 수 있다.In addition, since laminar flow type quenching is adopted, it is possible to provide a product of excellent quality with less quenching distortion in a short time.
본 발명에 따른 가스 침탄장치는, 피처리재를 750∼950℃로 예열하는 예열실과; 탄화수소가스와 산화성 가스가 직접 공급되어 1000∼1100℃로 가열되는 침탄실과; 침탄완료 피처리재를 600℃ 이하로 강제 냉각시키는 냉각실과; 이 냉각실에서냉각된 피처리재를 750∼850℃로 재가열하는 재가열실과; 담금질실과; 퍼지(purge)실 등을 비치하고 있다. 이들 각 실은, 각각 피처리재의 반송수단을 갖는다. 전기한 각 실은, 개폐문을 통하여 순차적으로 연결되어 있다. 바람직하게는, 전기한 담금질실을 층류방식의 담금질실로 하는 것이다.A gas carburizing apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a preheating chamber for preheating a material to be treated to 750 to 950 占 폚; A carburizing chamber directly fed with hydrocarbon gas and oxidizing gas and heated to 1000 to 1100 캜; A cooling chamber for forcedly cooling the carburized finished material to 600 ° C or lower; A reheating chamber for reheating the material to be processed cooled in the cooling chamber to 750 to 850 占 폚; A quenching chamber; Purge room, and the like. Each of these chambers has a conveying means for the material to be treated. Each thread is connected sequentially through the opening and closing door. Preferably, the electric quenching chamber is a laminar flow quenching chamber.
본 발명에 따른 가스 침탄장치에 의하면, 전기한 방법의 발명을 유효하게 실시할 수 있다.According to the gas carburization apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to effectively carry out the method of the present invention.
도면에서, 1은 예열실, 2는 침탄실, 3은 냉각실, 4는 재냉각실, 5는 담금질실, 6은 퍼지실이다.In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a preheating chamber, 2 a carburizing chamber, 3 a cooling chamber, 4 a re-cooling chamber, 5 a quenching chamber, and 6 a purge chamber.
또, 도면에서, 7은 입구문, 8∼12는 각 개폐문, 13은 출구문, 14는 각각 전기한 각 실에 설치된 반송수단, W는 피처리재이다.In the drawing, reference numeral 7 denotes an entrance door, 8-12 denotes each opening / closing door, 13 denotes an exit door, 14 denotes a conveying means provided in each chamber, and W denotes a material to be treated.
예열실 1은, 피처리재 온도를 상온으로부터 종래의 침탄처리 온도, 즉 750∼950℃, 바람직하게는 930℃로 승온하여 예열하는 방이다. 예열실 1의 구성은, 기본적으로는, 일반적인 배치노(batch furnace)의 가열실과 같다. 예열실 1에서는, 투입 초기에 송풍기 15를 정지시키거나, 초기 분위기 보호를 위하여 숏 퍼지(shot purge)를 행할 수 있다. 또, 예열실 1은, 승온과정에서, 퍼처리재 W에 열응력에 의한 변형이 생기지 않도록, 승온 커브를 제어할 수 있게 구성되었다.The preheating chamber 1 is a room for preheating the temperature of the material to be treated from room temperature to the conventional carburizing temperature, that is, 750 to 950 ° C, preferably 930 ° C. The construction of the preheating chamber 1 is basically the same as that of a heating chamber of a typical batch furnace. In the preheating chamber 1, the blower 15 may be stopped at the initial stage of injection or shot purge may be performed to protect the initial atmosphere. The preheating chamber 1 is configured to control the temperature rise curve so that deformation due to thermal stress does not occur in the perforated material W during the temperature raising process.
침탄실 2는, 예열실 1로부터 개폐문 8을 열고 반송수단 14에 의하여 반송된 피처리재 W를, 1000℃이상의 적온, 구체적으로는 1050℃로 가열하고, 동시에 탄화수소 가스(CH4, C3H8, C4H10등)와 산화성 가스(순산소, 공기, CO2등)를 공급하여 침탄을 행하는 방이다. 침탄실 2에서는, 반송수단 14, 송풍기 16, 팬샤프트17, 개폐문 8 및 9 등의 실내장치부 전체가, 고온에 견뎌내는 소재로 구성되어 있다.The carburizing chamber 2 opens the door 8 from the preheating chamber 1 and heats the article W conveyed by the conveying means 14 at a predetermined temperature of 1000 ° C or higher, specifically 1050 ° C, and at the same time a hydrocarbon gas (CH 4 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10, etc.) and oxidizing gas (pure oxygen, air, CO 2, etc.). In the carburizing chamber 2, all of the indoor units such as the conveying means 14, the blower 16, the fan shaft 17, and the open / close doors 8 and 9 are made of a material that can withstand high temperatures.
이 침탄실 2에서는, 침탄처리 온도가 종래에 비하여 높기 때문에, 탄소의 확산 상수가 종래의 약 2배이고, 목표로 하는 유효경화 깊이에 대하여 단시간의 침탄이 가능해진다.In this carburizing chamber 2, since the carburizing treatment temperature is higher than the conventional one, the diffusion constant of carbon is about twice that of the conventional one, and carburization for a short period of time can be achieved with respect to the target effective curing depth.
냉각실 3은, 침탄실 2에서 1050℃로 가열된 피처리재 W를, 600℃이하, 바람직하게는 500℃로 강제 냉각시키는 방이다. 냉각실 3에서는, 물의 비등잠열을 이용하는 냉각법(본원 출원인의 일본특허 공개 1 - 255619호 공보 참조), 고압력(약 5kg/㎠)의 질소(N2) 가스 또는 이산화탄소(CO2) 가스를 유입하는 가스 냉각법 및 냉각 시로코 팬(scirocco fan)에 의한 대류 냉각법 등이 병용된다.The cooling chamber 3 is a room in which the material to be treated W heated to 1050 캜 in the carburizing chamber 2 is forcedly cooled to 600 캜 or lower, preferably 500 캜. In the cooling chamber 3, nitrogen (N 2 ) gas or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas of high pressure (about 5 kg / cm 2 ) is introduced into the cooling chamber 3 (see Japanese Patent Application Laid- A gas cooling method and a convection cooling method using a cooling sirocco fan are used in combination.
재가열실 4는, 냉각실 3에서 500℃로 강제 냉각된 피처리재 W를, 다시 오스테나이트화 온도의 850℃로 재가열하는 방이다. 이 재가열실 4에서는, 표면 이상층을 감소시키고, 템퍼(temper) 연화 저항을 향상시키기 위하여, 필요에 따라 암모니아(NH3) 가스를 흘릴 수도 있다. 또, 재가열실 4는 예열실 1과 마찬가지로, 승온 과정에서 열응력에 의한 변형이 생기지 않게 승온 커브를 제어할 수 있는 구성으로 되어 있다.The reheating chamber 4 is a chamber for reheating the material to be treated W forcedly cooled to 500 캜 from the cooling chamber 3 to 850 캜 of the austenitizing temperature again. In this reheating chamber 4, ammonia (NH 3 ) gas may be flowed as needed in order to reduce the surface anomaly layer and to improve the temper softening resistance. In the reheating chamber 4, similarly to the preheating chamber 1, the temperature rise curve can be controlled so that deformation due to thermal stress does not occur during the temperature raising process.
재가열실 4에서는, 침탄실 2에서 고온 침탄에 의하여 조대화된 결정 입자가 냉각실 3에서 냉각되고, 이 재가열실 4에서의 재가열 처리에 의하여, 소정의 입도로 조정된다.In the reheating chamber 4, the crystal grains coarsened by the high-temperature carburization in the carburizing chamber 2 are cooled in the cooling chamber 3 and adjusted to a predetermined particle size by the reheating treatment in the reheating chamber 4.
담금질실 5는, 종래와 마찬가지로, 담금질 조(槽) 18과 엘리베이터 19를 비치하고 있다. 그러나, 담금질실 5에서는, 담금질유(quenching oil) 20의 교반을 실시하지 않고, 제 2도에 나타내는 층류방식에 의하여 담금질이 실시된다.The quenching chamber 5 has a quenching tank 18 and an elevator 19 as in the prior art. However, in the quenching chamber 5, quenching is performed by the laminar flow system shown in Fig. 2, without stirring the quenching oil 20.
담금질조 18의 대략 중앙에는 엘리베이터 19를 상방에서 받아들이는 담금질 틀 21이 배치되어 있다. 이 담금질틀 21의 외주의 상하방향 거의 중간부보다 약간 아래위치에는, 수평의 동압제거판(動壓際去板) 22가 설치되어 있다. 이 동압제거판 22의 외주 단부와 담금질조 18의 저부와의 사이에는 수직 칸막이판 23이 설치되어 있다. 이 수직 칸막이판 23은, 동압제거판 22를 통하여 담금질틀 21을 지지하고 있다. 이 담금질틀 21의 하단은, 담금질조 18의 저부와 접촉하고 있지 않다. 수직 칸막이판 23과 동압제거판 22에 의하여, 담금질틀 21와 하방에, 부실 24가 형성되어 있다.At the center of the quenching tank 18, a quenching frame 21 for receiving the elevator 19 from above is disposed. A horizontal dynamic pressure removing plate 22 is provided at a position slightly below the substantially middle portion in the vertical direction of the outer periphery of the quenching frame 21. A vertical partition plate 23 is provided between the outer peripheral end of the dynamic pressure removing plate 22 and the bottom of the quenching tank 18. The vertical partition plate 23 supports the quenching frame 21 through the dynamic pressure removing plate 22. The lower end of the quenching mold 21 is not in contact with the bottom of the quenching tank 18. [ By the vertical partition plate 23 and the dynamic pressure removing plate 22, a sub chamber 24 is formed below the quenching frame 21.
수직 칸막이판 23에는, 서로 균등한 간격을 두고, 적당수의 가이드 파이프 25가 관통하고 있다. 이들 가이드 파이프 25의 내부 개구단은, 동압제거판 22측,즉, 상측으로 구부러져 있다. 가이드 파이프 25에는, 공급 펌프 26에 의하여 담금질조 18안의 담금질유 20이 균등하게 공급된다.In the vertical partition panel 23, a suitable number of guide pipes 25 are passed through at equal intervals. The inner opening ends of the guide pipes 25 are bent toward the dynamic pressure removing plate 22, that is, upward. In the guide pipe 25, the quenching oil 20 in the quenching vessel 18 is uniformly supplied by the supply pump 26.
제 2도에서, 27은 담금질틀 21의 내부의 상하위치의 담금질유 20을 순환시키기 위한 순환펌프이며, 28은 그 순환 파이프이다.2, reference numeral 27 denotes a circulation pump for circulating the quenching oil 20 in the upper and lower positions inside the quenching frame 21, and 28 is the circulating pipe.
전기한 구성에서, 담금질조 18안의 담금질유 20은 공급 펌프 26의 작동에 의하여, 가이드 파이프 25를 통하여, 부실 24안으로 공급된다. 부실 24 안으로 공급된 담금질유 20은, 동압제거판 22에 부딪쳐, 층을 이루어 흐르는 흐트러짐이 없는 흐름(층류)이 되고, 담금질틀 21의 하단으로부터 그 내부로 흘러들어 간다. 담금질틀 21의 내부에는, 엘리베이터 19에 의하여, 피처리재 W가 하강하게 된다. 이렇게 하여, 피처리재 W는 담금질틀 21 안으로 유입한 담금질유 20에 의하여 냉각된다.In the former configuration, the quenching oil 20 in the quenching tank 18 is supplied into the inside chamber 24 through the guide pipe 25 by the operation of the supply pump 26. [ The quenching oil 20 supplied into the secondary chamber 24 impinges on the dynamic pressure removing plate 22, flows into the interior of the quenching mold 21 from the lower end of the quenching mold 21, and flows into the interior of the quenching mold 21. Inside the quenching mold 21, the material W to be treated is lowered by the elevator 19. Thus, the material to be treated W is cooled by the quenching oil 20 flowing into the quenching mold 21.
담금질의 원칙은, 빠르게, 천천히라고 일컬어진다. 구체적으로는, 변형이 적게 그리고 완전 담금질을 하기 위해서는, 소위 S곡선의 노즈까지 빨리 냉각하고, 그후, Ms점 (약 210℃)에서 잠깐 유지시켰다가, 피처리재 W의 내외의 온도를 균일하게 만들어 놓고, 마르텐사이트(martensite) 변태를 진행시키는 것이 이상적이다.The principle of quenching is said to be fast, slow. Specifically, in order to reduce the deformation and complete quenching, the material is cooled rapidly to the nose of the so-called S curve, and is then held temporarily at the Ms point (about 210 DEG C) It is ideal to make the martensite transformation proceed.
층류방식의 담금질실 5에서는, 담금질유를 날개에 의해 교반하는 종래의 것과는 달리, 기포가 생기지 않을 뿐 아니라, 내부 저항이 적은 방향으로 담금질유가 흐르는 등의 난류가 생기는 일도 없기 때문에 균일된 담금질이 가능하다.In the laminar flow quenching chamber 5, unlike in the prior art in which quenching oil is agitated by wings, bubbles are not generated and uniform quenching is possible since no turbulence such as quenching oil flows in a direction with a small internal resistance Do.
전기한 구성의 담금질실 5에 있어서의 실제 담금질할 때의 피처리재 W의 온도곡선 X 및 담금질유의 온도곡선 Y의 일례를 제 3도에 나타낸다.FIG. 3 shows an example of the temperature curve X of the material to be treated W and the temperature curve Y of the quenching oil in actual quenching in the quenching chamber 5 of the former configuration.
이 도면에서, 시간축 O - A 사이는, 이른바 임계구역(臨界區域)이며, 공급 펌프 26을 작동시켜 피처리재 W를 급냉시키는 공정이다.In this figure, the time axis O-A is a so-called critical zone, and the supply pump 26 is operated to quench the material W to be treated.
A - B 사이는 공급 펌프 26을 정지시킴으로써, 피처리재 W를 비교적 느리게 냉각시키는 공정이다. 즉, 공급 펌프 26을 정지시키면 피처리재 W가 보유하는 열량에 의해 담금질유 20의 온도가 상승한다. 이것에 의해 피처리재 W가 비교적 느리게 냉각된다.Between A and B, the supply pump 26 is stopped to cool the material W to be processed relatively slowly. That is, when the feed pump 26 is stopped, the temperature of the quenching oil 20 rises by the amount of heat retained by the material W to be treated. As a result, the material W to be processed is cooled relatively slowly.
B - C 사이는, 순환펌프 27을 동작시킴으로써, 피처리재 W의 상하간의 온도차이를 감소시키는 공정이다. 순환펌프 27은 담금질틀 21안의 담금질유로부터 흡입하고 아래로부터 공급한다. 이에 의해, 담금질틀 21안의 담금질유가 상하로 순환하고, 피처리재 W의 상하간의 온도차가 감소하게 된다.B - C is a step of reducing the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides of the material to be treated W by operating the circulation pump 27. The circulation pump 27 is sucked from the quenching channel in the quenching frame 21 and supplied from below. Thereby, the quenching oil in the quenching mold 21 circulates up and down, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower portions of the material W to be treated is reduced.
C - D 사이는, 다시 공급 펌프 26을 작동시킴으로써, 피처리재 W의 온도와 담금질유 20의 온도를 낮추어서, 마르텐사이트 변태를 진행시키는 공정이다. 또, D - E 사이는 오일을 제거하는 공정이다.Between C and D, the feed pump 26 is operated again to lower the temperature of the material to be treated W and the temperature of the quenching oil 20, thereby advancing the martensitic transformation. Also, D - E is a process for removing oil.
공급 펌프 26의 동작은 인버터(inverter)를 사용하고, 주파수를 임의로 설정함으로써, 유속을 변화시키는 것이 가능하다. 타이머를 이용함으로써 공급 펌프 26의 동작시간을 임의로 설정할 수 있다.The operation of the supply pump 26 can be performed by using an inverter and changing the flow rate by arbitrarily setting the frequency. By using the timer, the operation time of the supply pump 26 can be arbitrarily set.
담금질실 5에 인접한 퍼지실 6에서는, N2또는 CO2가스에 의한 퍼지가 가능하고, 피처리재 W의 반출시의 커튼 프레임(curtain frame)을 가능케 한다.In the purge chamber 6 adjacent to the quenching chamber 5, purging by N 2 or CO 2 gas is possible, and a curtain frame of the object to be treated W is released.
제 4도는, 전기한 가스 침탄장치를 이용한 실제의 침탄처리의 한 패턴을 나타낸 것이다.FIG. 4 shows a pattern of an actual carburizing treatment using the gas carburizing apparatus.
우선, 피처리재 W로서 그로스 300kg을, 예열실 1에서 1.2시간에 걸쳐 930℃로 승온 예열하였다. 피처리재 W의 투입 초기에 있어서는 송풍기 15의 정지에 의한 승온 제어와, C4H10에 의한 숏 퍼지를 실시하였다.First, 300 kg of the gross material W was preheated to 930 캜 over 1.2 hours in the preheating chamber 1. The temperature rise control by stopping the blower 15 and the short purge by C 4 H 10 were carried out at the initial stage of the introduction of the material W to be treated.
다음에, 930℃로 승온예열한 피처리재 W를 침탄실 2에 반송하고, 탄화수소가스로서 1∼5ℓ/분의 C4H10과 산화성 가스로서 0.5∼2.0ℓ/분의 CO2를 공급한 침탄분위기에서, 0.43시간 동안 1050℃로 승온하고, 또 1.18시간의 침탄처리를 실시하였다Next, the to-be-treated W heated and preheated to 930 占 폚 was transferred to the carburizing chamber 2, and C 4 H 10 of 1 to 5 L / min as a hydrocarbon gas and CO 2 of 0.5 to 2.0 L / min as an oxidizing gas were supplied In the carburizing atmosphere, the temperature was raised to 1050 占 폚 for 0.43 hour and the carburizing treatment for 1.18 hours was carried out
그후, 냉각실 3에서 0.17시간 동안 500℃로 냉각하고, 다음에 재가열실 4로반송하여 0.6시간 동안 담금질에 적온인 850℃로 재가열하고, 그후, 전기한 층류방식에 의한 담금질을 행하고, 약 1.3mm의 침탄층을 얻었다.Thereafter, the steel sheet was cooled in the cooling chamber 3 for 0.17 hours to 500 ° C, then transferred to the reheating chamber 4, and reheated to 850 ° C, which is the proper temperature for the quenching for 0.6 hours. Thereafter, mm < / RTI >
이러한 침탄처리의 담금질에 이르기까지의 총 시간은 3.35시간이고, 이른바 사이클시간은, 가장 긴 시간 체류하는 예열시간인 1.2시간이다. 따라서, 시간당의 생산량은, 300kg÷1.2시간=250kg/시간이다.The total time from the carburization to the quenching is 3.35 hours, and the so-called cycle time is 1.2 hours, which is the preheating time for staying the longest time. Therefore, the production amount per hour is 300 kg / 1.2 hour = 250 kg / hour.
제 5도는, 본 발명의 침탄처리와 비교하기 위하여, 종래의 침탄처리(침탄처리온도 930℃)에 의한 일반 침탄처리의 패턴을 나타낸 것이다. 이 비교예는, 배치 노에 있어서의, 피처리재 550kg의 침탄처리이다. 이 비교예에 있어서의 피처리재 W와 침탄분위기는 본 발명의 경우와 동일하다.FIG. 5 shows a pattern of a general carburizing treatment by a conventional carburizing treatment (carburizing treatment temperature 930 ° C.) for comparison with the carburizing treatment of the present invention. This comparative example is a carburizing treatment of 550 kg of the material to be treated in a batch furnace. The material to be treated W and the carburizing atmosphere in this comparative example are the same as in the case of the present invention.
이 비교예에서 담금질에 이르는 총시간은, 7.5시간이고, 시간당의 생산량은 550kg÷7.5시간=73kg/시간이다.In this comparative example, the total time to quenching is 7.5 hours, and the yield per hour is 550 kg / 7.5 hours = 73 kg / hour.
즉, 시간당의 생산량을 비교하면, 250kg÷73kg=3.4가 되어, 본 발명의 방법에 의하면 단위시간당 3.4배량의 생산이 가능하다. 이것은, 처리시간이 단축되는 것을 뜻한다. 처리시간의 단축에 따라 사용가스량이 절약되기 때문에, 본 발명의 방법에 의하는 것이 경제적이다.That is, when the production per hour is compared, it is 250 kg / 73 kg = 3.4, and according to the method of the present invention, production of 3.4 times per unit time is possible. This means that the processing time is shortened. It is economical to use the method of the present invention since the amount of gas used is saved in accordance with the shortening of the processing time.
본 발명의 경우, 예열실, 침탄실, 재가열실의 트레이(tray)구성을 증가함으로써 단위시간당의 생산량을 한층 증대시킬 수 있다. 또, 가열수단은 전기, 가스 등을 불문한다.In the case of the present invention, the production amount per unit time can be further increased by increasing the tray configuration of the preheating chamber, the carburizing chamber, and the reheating chamber. In addition, the heating means may be any of electricity, gas and the like.
또, SCM420재의 입계산화는, 비교예로서의 제 5도의 예에서는 20∼25㎛이나, 본 발명에 의한 제 4도의 실시예에서는 15㎛ 이하로 낮출 수 있었다.The inlet calculation of the SCM420 material was 20 to 25 占 퐉 in the example of FIG. 5 as a comparative example, but could be lowered to 15 占 퐉 or less in the embodiment of FIG. 4 according to the present invention.
제 1도는 본 발명의 가스침탄장치의 측면 요부 종단면도이다.FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a side surface of a gas carburizing apparatus of the present invention. FIG.
제 2도는 담금질실부의 개략적인 종단면도이다.2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the quenching chamber.
제 3도는 담금질할 때의 피처리재의 온도와 담금질유의 온도를 나타내는 곡선도이다.FIG. 3 is a curve showing the temperature of the material to be quenched and the temperature of quenching oil during quenching.
제 4도는 본 발명의 침탄처리의 한 패턴을 나타내는 공정도이다.FIG. 4 is a process drawing showing one pattern of the carburizing treatment of the present invention.
제 5도는 종래의 침탄처리 패턴을 나타내는 공정도이다.FIG. 5 is a process chart showing a conventional carburizing treatment pattern.
※ 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명[Description of Drawings]
1 ... 예열실1 ... preheating room
2 ... 침탄실2 ... carburizing room
3 ... 냉각실3 ... cooling chamber
4 ... 재가열실4 ... reheating room
5 ... 담금질실5 ... quench chamber
6 ... 퍼지실6 ... purge chamber
Claims (5)
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| JP02614495A JP3448789B2 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-01-20 | Gas carburizing method |
| JP7-26144 | 1995-01-20 |
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| KR960029481A KR960029481A (en) | 1996-08-17 |
| KR100363813B1 true KR100363813B1 (en) | 2003-02-05 |
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| US (1) | US5676769A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0723034B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3448789B2 (en) |
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- 1995-11-07 EP EP95307937A patent/EP0723034B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-07 DE DE69514775T patent/DE69514775T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| KR20160060824A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-31 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Thermo reduction apparatus |
| KR101628655B1 (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2016-06-13 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Thermo reduction apparatus |
| KR101618738B1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2016-05-10 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Thermal reduction apparatus for metal production |
| KR101618740B1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2016-05-10 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Thermal reduction apparatus and gate device for the same |
| KR101618737B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-05-10 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Thermal reduction appratus and insulating wall for the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5676769A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
| EP0723034B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| EP0723034B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| JP3448789B2 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
| DE69514775D1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
| JPH08199331A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
| KR960029481A (en) | 1996-08-17 |
| ES2141308T5 (en) | 2004-11-01 |
| DE69514775T2 (en) | 2000-09-21 |
| EP0723034A3 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| DE69514775T3 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| IN187151B (en) | 2002-02-16 |
| EP0723034A2 (en) | 1996-07-24 |
| ES2141308T3 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
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