GB2490714A - Methods and apparatus for gas carburising - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for gas carburising Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2490714A GB2490714A GB1107892.0A GB201107892A GB2490714A GB 2490714 A GB2490714 A GB 2490714A GB 201107892 A GB201107892 A GB 201107892A GB 2490714 A GB2490714 A GB 2490714A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carburizing
- oil
- carburization
- work
- held
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
A method of gas-carburizing by placing a workpiece in a furnace, heating sequentially in four steps, the first step being to 800 0C where it is held for 10 minutes while adding a hydrocarbon gas (e.g. LPG or propane) and methanol, the second and third steps being to 850 and 900 0C where each time it is held for 10 minutes while adding a hydrocarbon gas and the last step being 930 °C where hydrocarbon gas is again added. After carburising the workpiece is quenched in circulating oil. Also apparatus suitable for the above method which comprises a vessel in which is located a pipe 7 submerged in an oil bath, a work holder 5 and means for moving the holder 4 into the oil bath. In use, work held in the holder 5 is first carburised and then moved into the oil bath where oil flows through the pipe 7 by rotation of an agitating propeller 3, passes through a grid 8 and then impinges on the work.
Description
A METHOD FOR REDUCTION OF TIME IN A GAS CARBURIZING
PROCESS AND COOLING APPARATUS THEREFOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[00011 In general, a gas carburizing process would require an atmospheric heat treating furnace herein called heat treating furnace along with a gas generator for conventional carburizing. However there are existing designs that use heat treating furnaces for carburizing without a gas generator. Example of this is a drip feed type furnace with Methanol for direct carburizing.
[0002] Prior art and problem to be solved: In the conventional method, the carburization starts from the time heat treating furnace attains the temperature of 930°C to begin the process, but in the present invention the carburization starts from 800°e, 850°e, 900°C to 930°C. In the conventional method the process of quenching takes place with low agitation quenching & oil velocity (rpm), wherein in the present invention the agitation varies from 1 2 00-1 500 rpm with high velocity rate of quenching.
[0003] This cooling apparatus of the present invention is a significant innovative step as compared to conventional cooling apparatus.
[0004] The present invention reduces the total cycle time during carburization and diffusion in the carburizing process, and to lower the production cost of the carburization processing. The present invention allows carburization on a part to start from 800° C by adding LPG or propane along with methanol during heating and during the withholding duration. The other object of the invention is to begin carburizing much earlier than what it would have achieved after beginning of carburizing at 930°C.
[0005] Further object of the invention is after the process of completing carburizing process; the parts need to be quenched. The Quenching apparatus in this invention has made significant changes as compared to conventional quenching apparatus which is about 0.25 in-'.
The further object of the invention is to enhance the severity of quench apparatus by surpassing the conventional severity of quench by 0.43-0.8 in-'.
SUM MARY OF THE 1NVENTION [00061 The present invention provides a process for reduction of time in gas-carburizing process and cooling apparatus to perform carburization by step heating of a part during carburizing heating from 800°C, 850°C, 900 °C onwards to a carburization temperature of 930°C with the part being held at each mentioned temperature for 1 0 minutes by adding LPG or propane along with methanol in the furnace for activation/diffusion, the holding time is thereby reduced for carburization, thereafter the carburized parts are quenched in the invented apparatus to discharge high severity of quenching.
[0007] Other features and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. IA illustrates the conventional carburizing method on an Fe (Iron) and Carbon phase diagram showing carburization performed at the predetermined temperature of 930°C.
[0009] FIG. 1 B show a practical heat cycle for carburizing. The part is heated at predetermined temperature at 930°C for carburizing in the furnace with the atmosphere. When the part reaches the carburizing temperature 930°C, this confirms that the carburization has started and with diffusion cycle to follow. In conventional methods it is assumed thM carbur[Jng starts at 930°C.
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates the characteristic of this invention is before the parts reaches the carburizing temperature 930°C. The process starts with a step heating from 800°C, 85 0°C, 900°C and 93 0°C with the part being held at each mentioned temperature for 1 0 minutes.
[0011] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a quench oil cooling apparatus according the present invention.
[001 2] FIG. 4 illustrates the state of art of carburization in heating from 800°C to 930°C. This figure confirms that the diffused carbon content in the steel from the surface and to a depth of penetration from the surface. From this result, it is declared that the carburization is carried out from 800°C to 930°C. Fig 4 also illustrates the diffused carbon content with steel from the surface for conventional carburizing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[001 3] In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the drawings in which reference numerals refer to like elements, and which are intended to show by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
[001 4] Carburization on a part starts from 800° C by adding LPG or propane along with a methanol gas in the furnace. This begins the carburizing process. During this period the temperatures are maintained at 800°C, 850°C and 900°C for a duration of 1 0 minutes. With the rise of temperatures from 800 °C, 8 50°C, 900 °C and 93 0°C the carburization takes place by the presence of LPG and propane along with methanol inside the furnace. To allow penetration of saturated carbon content to the surface of the part is done by altering the carbon potential at each set temperature (as above). The apparatus required to operate in manual or automatic mode a certain quantity of LPG or propane along with methanol to reach the required carbon potential at the set temperature.
As shown in Fig 2, the surface carbon content is diffused. As shown in Fig. 4, the surface carbon content reaches 1.1 % at 930°C more effectively. This shows that the carburization takes place during the step heating of the part.
[001 5] Detailed Description: (cooling apparatus)
[00161 As shown in Fig 3, the cooling apparatus has four sets of agitating motors 2. Oil flow is controlled by changing the speed of the motors 2 using the invertors with a quenching oil movement pipe. One end of the quench oil movement pipe is connected to the outlet. A perforated grid 8 is installed at the exit of the quench oil pipe. Propellers 3 provide agitation. A work movement elevator 4 is provided to move the work held in a work basket 5. An elevator drive cylinder 6 is provided to move elevator 4. Quench oil circulation pipes 7 direct quenching oil through perforated grid 8 to equalize the flow rate of the quenching oil.
Perforated grid 8 is a type of grillwork with 1 00 mm openings provided to equalize the flow rates of the quenching oil during the time of quenching of the parts in the lattice.
[001 7] This cooling apparatus has two characteristics (1) introduce homogeneous cooling: (2) Improve the severity of quench. The severity of quench is 0.80 in-1 at 1 500 rpm in the new process. The severity quench is 0.25 in1 in the conventional process. This illustrates the innovative capability of the quenching mechanism.
[001 8] The function of the cooling apparatus shown in Fig 3 is as follows: [0019] The quenching oil starts flowing through quench oil circulation pipe 7 and it is jetted through perforated grid by the churning effect of propeller 3. Work basket 5 comes down to the quenching oil and the work (job) is quenched into the cooling oil.
[0020] Practical example (Effective case depth is 1.5 mm) [0021] Scope I Ambit of Invention: [0022] The result of CO, CO2 and carbon potential.
[0023] after 10 mm. 11 34.07 0.869 0.87 Table 1 ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ Temp(°Q LPGadd CO% C02% CP% 800 2 35.39 -2.885 0.42 After 10mm 2 34.27 1.656 -0.72 850 1 34.17 1.18_ 0.7 After 10mm -34.07 -0.869 -0.87 900 1.5 32.33.0609 1.03 After 10mm 2 1.1 -32.37 -1.1 930 2 -31.7 -0.555 1.07 [0024] This invention: Heating from 800°C to 930°C: 1 00 miii.
[0025] Carburizing: 4 hour, Diffusing: 2 hour total: 7.67 hour.
[0026] Conventional: Heating 70 mm.
[0027] Carburizing: 5 hour, Diffusing: 3 hour total: 9.1 2 hour.
[00281 Reduction: 16% [0029] Practical example (Effective case depth is 1.0 mm) [0030] This invention: Heating from 800°C to 930°C: 85 mm.
[0031] Carburizing: 3 hour, Diffusing: 1 hour total: 5.42 hour.
[0032] Conventional: Heating 55 mm.
[0033] Carburizing: 5.5 hour, Diffusing: 2 hour total: 8.42 hour.
[0034] Reduction: 36 % [0035] This invention clearly reduces the cycle time.
[0036] Practical example of coot ing apparatus [0037] The revolutions of the motor is changed as shown in Fig. 3 and severity of quench is measured by increasing the revolutions of the motor, the effectiveness of the cooling is drastically improved.
[0038] The number of revolutions of the motor revealed that the severity of quench became 0.80-1 at the time of 1,500 rpm.
[00391 In addition, distortion level is examined after the heat-treatment by the Navy test specimen. We noted the severity of the quench in the range from 0.43-1 to 0.8-1 did not offer any significant difference in a level of risk of 5% in a range from 0.43-1 to 0.8-1.
[0040] The test made on the part, showed the quantity of carbon at pre-determined positions which showed an effective case depth (HvSSO) 0.2 8% from 0.4% (conventional law) by improving severity of quench to 0.43-'.
[004fl The above statement illustrates a very unique advantage of the quenching apparatus.
[0042] Although the instant invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107892.0A GB2490714A (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Methods and apparatus for gas carburising |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107892.0A GB2490714A (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Methods and apparatus for gas carburising |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201107892D0 GB201107892D0 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| GB2490714A true GB2490714A (en) | 2012-11-14 |
Family
ID=44243965
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107892.0A Withdrawn GB2490714A (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Methods and apparatus for gas carburising |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2490714A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014595A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 金湖县常盛动力机械配件有限公司 | Carburizing method of low-carbon alloy steel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5540843A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-03-22 | Nippon Spindle Mfg Co Ltd | Spinning ring |
| JPS59118880A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-07-09 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method for dropping and raising temperature of gas carburizing furnace and for regulating internal atmosphere of said furnace |
| US5676769A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1997-10-14 | Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. | Gas carburizing process and an apparatus therefor |
| CN101638791A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2010-02-03 | 山东鸿亦机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process for driving and driven bevel gear of drive axle |
-
2011
- 2011-05-11 GB GB1107892.0A patent/GB2490714A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5540843A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-03-22 | Nippon Spindle Mfg Co Ltd | Spinning ring |
| JPS59118880A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-07-09 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method for dropping and raising temperature of gas carburizing furnace and for regulating internal atmosphere of said furnace |
| US5676769A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1997-10-14 | Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. | Gas carburizing process and an apparatus therefor |
| CN101638791A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2010-02-03 | 山东鸿亦机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process for driving and driven bevel gear of drive axle |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014595A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 金湖县常盛动力机械配件有限公司 | Carburizing method of low-carbon alloy steel |
| CN103014595B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-11-26 | 金湖县常盛动力机械配件有限公司 | Carburizing method of low-carbon alloy steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201107892D0 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |