KR100342573B1 - A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor - Google Patents

A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR100342573B1
KR100342573B1 KR1020000027244A KR20000027244A KR100342573B1 KR 100342573 B1 KR100342573 B1 KR 100342573B1 KR 1020000027244 A KR1020000027244 A KR 1020000027244A KR 20000027244 A KR20000027244 A KR 20000027244A KR 100342573 B1 KR100342573 B1 KR 100342573B1
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
insulating paper
depth
slots
slot
state core
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020000027244A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR20010106011A (en
Inventor
이종인
안상혁
이세환
Original Assignee
에릭 발리베
발레오만도전장시스템스코리아 주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 에릭 발리베, 발레오만도전장시스템스코리아 주식회사 filed Critical 에릭 발리베
Priority to KR1020000027244A priority Critical patent/KR100342573B1/en
Publication of KR20010106011A publication Critical patent/KR20010106011A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR100342573B1 publication Critical patent/KR100342573B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/38—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation around winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조에 대한 것으로서, 스테이트코어의 슬랏에 덧대어지는 절연지의 시작단과 엔딩단을 겹치더라도 권선된 코일의 중심이 모두 동일선상으로 위치되어 아마츄어의 내압불량을 방지할 수 있도록 된 것이다.The present invention relates to an insulating paper overlapping structure for an amateur assembly of a starter motor, even when the starting end and the ending end of the insulating paper padded on the slot of the state core overlap the centers of the wound coils to prevent the breakdown voltage resistance of the amateur. It was made possible.

이를 위한 특징적인 실시 수단은 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏의 끝부위는 이 슬랏의 중심선(O)을 따라 모두 동일선상에 형성되되, 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏의 끝부위는 중심선(O)상를 중심으로 인접된 슬랏의 깊이(H)에 비해 여유깊이(H')가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이(H)에 절연지(2)의 두께(t)의 2배를 합한 크기로 형성되거나 또는 여유깊이(H')가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이(H)에 여유간격(K)을 더한 크기로 형성되어 진다.The characteristic means for this is that the ends of the slots of the state core 1 are all formed on the same line along the center line O of the slots, but the start end 2a and the end 2b of the insulating paper 2 are formed. The end portions of the overlapping slots have a larger allowable depth H 'than the depth H of adjacent slots centered on the center line O, that is, the depth of the insulating paper 2 at the depth H. It is formed to a size of two times the thickness (t) or the clearance depth (H ') is relatively larger, that is, the depth (H) plus the clearance gap (K) is formed to a size.

Description

시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조 {A FOLDING STRUCTURE OF ANTI-ELECTRIC SHEET FOR THE AMATURE ASSEMBLY OF A START MOTOR}Insulation paper overlap structure for amateur assembly of starting motor {A FOLDING STRUCTURE OF ANTI-ELECTRIC SHEET FOR THE AMATURE ASSEMBLY OF A START MOTOR}

본 발명은 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조에 대한 것으로서, 특히 절연지의 겹침에 따른 내압불량을 방지할 수 있도록 된 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an insulating paper overlapping structure for an amateur assembly of a starter motor, and more particularly, to an insulating paper overlapping structure for an amateur assembly of a starter motor, which is capable of preventing a breakdown voltage due to overlapping of insulating papers.

일반적으로 자동차의 시동전동기용 모터는 회전력을 제공하기 위한 아마츄어 어셈브리와, 그 회전축의 선단에 마련된 피니언 어셈브리와, 상기 피니언 어셈브리의 단락을 조작하기 위한 레버와, 상기 레버를 작동시키는 마그네트 스위치로 이루어 지는 바, 상기 레버의 작동으로 피니언 어셈브리가 전진하면 그 선단의 피니언이 차량의 링기어에 치합되어 동력을 전달할 수 있게 된다.BACKGROUND ART In general, a motor for a starting motor of an automobile includes an amateur assembly for providing rotational force, a pinion assembly provided at the tip of the rotating shaft, a lever for operating a short circuit of the pinion assembly, and a magnet switch for operating the lever. When the pinion assembly is advanced by the operation of the lever, the pinion of the tip is engaged with the ring gear of the vehicle to transmit power.

여기서, 상기 아마츄어어셈블리는 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 방사형상으로 절개된 슬랏을 형성한 스테이트코어(1)와, 이 스테이트코어(1)를 따라 덧대어진 절연지(2) 및 이 절연지(2)가 덧대어진 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏에 권선되는 코일(3)등으로 이루어 진다.Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the amateur assembly includes a state core 1 having a slot cut in a radial shape, an insulating paper 2 padded along the state core 1, and the insulating paper 2. It consists of a coil (3) and the like wound in the slot of the state core (1) is padded.

이때, 상기 절연지(2)는 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏을 따라 덧대어지면서 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지게 되고, 이러한 겹침구조를 위해 통상, 절연지(2)의 겹침부위가 위치되는 슬랏의 폭을 겹치지 않는 슬랏의 폭보다 크게 하거나 또는 슬랏의 깊이만을 깊게 하게 되지만, 이러한 슬랏의 형상은 즉, 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏의 중심선(O)의 차이를 갖는 절연지(2)의 겹침구조에 따라 코일(3)의 코킹(Caulking)이나 커링(Curring)시 권선된 코일(3)의 중심이 서로 일치하지 않고 갭(Gab)이 발생되어 아마츄어어셈블리의 내압불량을 일으키는 문제를 가져오게 된다.At this time, the insulating paper 2 is padded along the slot of the state core 1 and the starting end 2a and the ending end 2b of the insulating paper 2 overlap each other. Although the width of the slot in which the overlapped portion of (2) is located is larger than the width of the non-overlapping slot or only the depth of the slot is deep, the shape of this slot is, ie, the center line (O) of the slot of the slot of the state core (1). According to the overlapping structure of the insulating paper 2 having a difference, the centers of the coils 3 that are wound during caulking or currying of the coils 3 do not coincide with each other, and gaps are generated. This will cause problems with pressure resistance.

따라서 본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 문제점을 감안하여 이를 해결 보완하고자 발명한 것으로서, 스테이트코어의 슬랏에 덧대어지는 절연지의 시작단과 엔딩단을 겹치더라도 권선된 코일의 중심이 모두 동일선상으로 위치되어 아마츄어의 내압불량을 방지할 수 있도록 된 것이다.Therefore, the present invention has been invented to solve and compensate for the above-mentioned conventional problems. Even when the start end and the end end of the insulating paper, which are padded on the slot of the state core, overlap, the centers of the wound coils are all positioned in the same line. It is to prevent the pressure resistance of the.

이를 위한 특징적인 실시 수단은 스테이트코어의 슬랏의 끝부위는 이 슬랏의 중심선을 따라 모두 동일선상에 형성되되, 절연지의 시작단과 엔딩단이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏의 끝부위는 중심선상를 중심으로 인접된 슬랏의 깊이에 비해 여유깊이가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이에 절연지의 두께의 2배를 합한 크기로 형성되거나 또는 여유깊이가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이에 여유간격을 더한 크기로 형성되어 진다.The characteristic implementation means for this is that the ends of the slots of the state core are all formed on the same line along the center line of the slots, and the ends of the slots where the start end and the end of the insulating paper overlap each other are adjacent to the center line. The clearance depth is relatively larger than the depth of ie, that is, the depth is formed by adding twice the thickness of the insulating paper or the clearance depth is relatively larger, ie, the clearance depth is added to the depth. .

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 제1실시예로서, 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조를 도시한 부분도1 is a partial view showing an insulating paper overlapping structure for an amateur assembly of a starting motor as a first embodiment according to the present invention.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 제2실시예로서, 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조를 도시한 부분도FIG. 2 is a partial view showing an insulating paper overlapping structure for an amateur assembly of a starting motor as a second embodiment according to the present invention.

<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1 : 스테이터코어 2 : 절연지1: stator core 2: insulated paper

2a : 시작단 2b : 엔딩단2a: starting end 2b: ending end

3 : 코일3: coil

이하 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 구성 및 작용을 첨부 도면에 따라 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the configuration and operation according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 제1실시예로서, 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조를 도시한 부분도를 도시한 것인바, 본 발명의 아마츄어어셈블리는 전술한 바와 같이 방사형상으로 절개된 슬랏을 형성한 스테이트코어(1)와, 이 스테이트코어(1)를 따라 덧대어진 절연지(2) 및 이 절연지(2)가 덧대어진 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏에 권선되는 코일(3)등으로 이루어지게 된다.Figure 1 is a first embodiment according to the present invention, showing a partial view showing the insulating paper overlapping structure for the amateur assembly of the starting motor, the amateur assembly of the present invention as shown above the radially cut slot The formed state core 1, the insulating paper 2 padded along the state core 1, and the coil 3 wound around the slot of the state core 1 to which the insulating paper 2 is padded. do.

여기서, 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏의 끝부위는 이 슬랏의 중심선(O)을 따라 모두 동일선상에 형성되되, 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏의 끝부위는 중심선(O)상를 중심으로 인접된 슬랏의 깊이(H)에 비해 여유깊이(H')가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이(H)에 절연지(2)의 두께(t)의 2배를 합한 크기로 형성되어 진다.Here, the end portions of the slots of the state core 1 are all formed on the same line along the center line O of the slots, and the start end 2a and the ending end 2b of the insulating paper 2 overlap each other. The end portion of the slot has a larger depth H 'than the depth H of the adjacent slots centered on the center line O, that is, the thickness t of the insulating paper 2 at the depth H. It is formed to the size of the sum of twice.

즉, 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏반경(r)에 비해 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏반경(R)이 인접된 슬랏의 반경(r)보다 절연지(2)의 두께(t)의 2배를 더한 슬랏반경(R)을 갖게 된다.That is, compared to the slot radius r of the state core 1, the slot radius R at which the start end 2a and the ending end 2b overlap each other is insulated from the radius r of the adjacent slots. It has a slot radius (R) plus 2 times the thickness (t).

그리고, 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 제2실시예로서, 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조를 도시한 부분도를 도시한 것으로, 전술한 제1실시예에 비해 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏의 끝부위는 이 슬랏의 중심선(O)을 따라 모두 동일선상에 형성되되, 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏의 끝부위는 중심선(O)상를 중심으로 인접된 슬랏의 깊이(H)에 비해 여유깊이(H')가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이(H)에 여유간격(K)을 더한 크기로 형성되되, 상기 여유간격(K)는 절연지(2)의 두께(t)와 '0'보다 큰 실수를 합한 크기로 형성되어 진다.FIG. 2 is a partial view showing the insulating paper stacking structure for the amateur assembly of the starting motor as a second embodiment according to the present invention, compared to the above-described first embodiment. The ends of the slots are all formed on the same line along the center line (O) of the slot, but the end of the slot where the start end (2a) and the end (2b) of the insulating paper (2) overlap each other is located on the center line (O). The clearance depth H 'is relatively larger than the depth H of the adjacent slots, that is, the clearance H is added to the depth H, and the clearance gap K is The thickness t of the insulating paper 2 and a real number larger than '0' are formed.

즉, 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏반경(r)에 비해 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏반경(r)이 여유간격(K)많큼 하방으로 ??어져 형성되어 진다.That is, compared with the slot radius r of the state core 1, the slot radius r in which the start end 2a and the ending end 2b overlap each other is formed so as to be spaced downward as much as the clearance gap K. Lose.

따라서, 본 발명의 제1실시예에서와 같이 스테이트코어(1)의 끝단 슬랏에서 서로 겹쳐지는 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 권선된 코일(3)의 외주면을 감싸며 겹쳐지게 되고, 또한 본 발명의 제2실시예에서와 같이 스테이트코어(1)의끝단 슬랏에서 서로 겹쳐지는 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 권선된 코일(3)과 약간의 간격을 갖고 겹쳐지게 되므로, 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 마지막 슬랏에 권선된 코일(3)과 인접된 슬랏에 권선된 코일(3)의 중심이 서로 일치하지 않는 갭(Gab)이 없이 서로 일치되도록 권선되어 지게 된다.Therefore, as in the first embodiment of the present invention, the outer circumferential surface of the coil 3 on which the start end 2a and the end end 2b of the insulating paper 2 overlap each other in the end slot of the state core 1 are wound. The coil 3 wound around the winding end 2a and the ending end 2b of the insulating paper 2 overlapping and overlapping each other in the end slot of the state core 1 as in the second embodiment of the present invention. Since the gaps overlap with each other at a slight distance from each other, a gap Gab in which the centers of the coils 3 wound on the last slot of the state core 1 and the coils 3 wound on the adjacent slots do not coincide with each other It is wound up to match each other without.

이상 상세히 설명한 바와 같은 본 발명은 스테이트코어의 마지막 슬랏에 권선된 코일과 인접된 슬랏에 권선된 코일의 중심이 서로 일치하지 않는 갭이 없이 서로 일치되도록 권선되어져 아마츄어의 내압불량을 방지할 수 있게 되는 효과가 있다.The present invention as described in detail above is wound so that the center of the coil wound in the last slot of the state core and the coil wound in the adjacent slot is matched with each other without a gap does not coincide with each other to prevent the breakdown voltage resistance of the amateur It works.

Claims (2)

방사형상으로 절개된 슬랏을 형성한 스테이트코어(1)와, 이 스테이트코어(1)를 따라 덧대어진 절연지(2) 및 이 절연지(2)가 덧대어진 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏에 권선되는 코일(3)등으로 이루어진 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리에 있어서,A coil wound around a state core 1 having a slot cut radially, an insulating paper 2 along the state core 1, and a slot of the state core 1 on which the insulating paper 2 is padded. (3) In the armature assembly of the starting motor, consisting of 상기 스테이트코어(1)의 슬랏의 끝부위는 이 슬랏의 중심선(O)을 따라 모두 동일선상에 형성되되, 절연지(2)의 시작단(2a)과 엔딩단(2b)이 서로 겹쳐지는 슬랏의 끝부위는 중심선(O)상를 중심으로 인접된 슬랏의 깊이(H)에 비해 여유깊이(H')가 상기 깊이(H)에 절연지(2)의 두께(t)의 2배를 합한 크기로 형성되어진 것을 특징으로 하는 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조.The end portions of the slots of the state core 1 are all formed on the same line along the center line O of the slots, and the starting end 2a and the ending end 2b of the insulating paper 2 overlap each other. The end portion is formed in such a size that the allowable depth H 'is equal to the depth H and twice the thickness t of the insulating paper 2, compared to the depth H of the adjacent slots on the center line O. A stack of insulating paper for amateur assembly of a starting motor characterized in that it is provided. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 여유깊이(H')가 상대적으로 더 큰 즉, 상기 깊이(H)에 여유간격(K)을 더한 크기로 형성되되, 상기 여유간격(K)는 절연지(2)의 두께(t)와 '0'보다 큰 실수를 합한 크기로 형성되어진 것을 특징으로 하는 시동전동기의 아마츄어어셈블리용 절연지 겹침구조.According to claim 1, wherein the clearance depth (H ') is formed to be relatively larger, that is, the size of the depth (H) plus the clearance gap (K), the clearance gap (K) is formed of the insulating paper (2) An insulating paper stack structure for an amateur assembly of a starting motor, characterized in that the thickness (t) and the real number greater than '0' are added together.
KR1020000027244A 2000-05-20 2000-05-20 A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor KR100342573B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020000027244A KR100342573B1 (en) 2000-05-20 2000-05-20 A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020000027244A KR100342573B1 (en) 2000-05-20 2000-05-20 A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20010106011A KR20010106011A (en) 2001-11-29
KR100342573B1 true KR100342573B1 (en) 2002-07-02

Family

ID=19669420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020000027244A KR100342573B1 (en) 2000-05-20 2000-05-20 A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
KR (1) KR100342573B1 (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0638422A (en) * 1992-07-09 1994-02-10 Fanuc Ltd Winding structure of stator of motor
JPH07115744A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-05-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electric motor
JPH07245896A (en) * 1994-03-07 1995-09-19 Asmo Co Ltd Rotary electric machine
JPH0851739A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-02-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Stator and manufacture thereof
JPH0984289A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Insulated coil for inverter driven electric rotating machine
JPH10174330A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-26 Toshiba Corp Three-phase armature winding
JPH1155909A (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-26 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd Formation method for slot insulator of electric apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0638422A (en) * 1992-07-09 1994-02-10 Fanuc Ltd Winding structure of stator of motor
JPH07115744A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-05-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electric motor
JPH07245896A (en) * 1994-03-07 1995-09-19 Asmo Co Ltd Rotary electric machine
JPH0851739A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-02-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Stator and manufacture thereof
JPH0984289A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-28 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Insulated coil for inverter driven electric rotating machine
JPH10174330A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-26 Toshiba Corp Three-phase armature winding
JPH1155909A (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-26 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd Formation method for slot insulator of electric apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20010106011A (en) 2001-11-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5361277B2 (en) motor
US20040145267A1 (en) Liners for stators and rotors of electric machines and methods of making
WO2016136384A1 (en) Armature and rotating electric machine
JP2004320993A (en) Stator assembly including core slot insert member
JP2008017692A (en) Lamination
US9287741B2 (en) Stator for rotating electric machine
JP2005348553A (en) Motor and its manufacturing method
CN108496293B (en) Electrical sheet with printed connecting sheet
WO2005114817A1 (en) Multiple winding coil shapes for increased slot fill
JP2009278851A (en) Stator of rotating electric machine
KR100342573B1 (en) A folding structure of anti-electric sheet for the amature assembly of a start motor
WO2019225156A1 (en) Rotary electric machine and manufacturing method for rotary electric machine
JP2004135412A (en) Winding fixing structure for rotary transforming resolver
JP4547228B2 (en) 3-phase rotating electric machine
JP2017225208A (en) Armature, rotary electric machine, and manufacturing method of armature
JPH05344665A (en) Stator for motor
JPWO2022009521A5 (en) Stator, rotating electrical machine, and manufacturing method for rotating electrical machine
KR20170060501A (en) Rotor for Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor
WO2024127785A1 (en) Coil body, armature, and rotating electrical machine
JP2002165392A (en) Armature structure of electric motor
JP2005333752A (en) Core unit of motor and coil unit
JP2000324740A (en) Stator of motor
KR200329102Y1 (en) Amateur coreside of starting motor
JP2000224789A (en) Rotating machine
CN115995906A (en) Motor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
GRNT Written decision to grant
FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20130522

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20140527

Year of fee payment: 13

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20150520

Year of fee payment: 14

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20160513

Year of fee payment: 15

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20180530

Year of fee payment: 17

FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20190604

Year of fee payment: 18