KR100334693B1 - The method and apparatus of circulating filter system fish culture using mineral corpuscle and foam separation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circulating filtration fish farming method of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and a foam separator, and a device for suspending mineral fine particles in breeding water to decompose and adsorb waste products generated from fish, Circulation filtration fish farming method of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and foam separation device, characterized in that the water is purified and reused by separating and discharged from the breeding water by using the device. There is no difficulty, and it reuses more than 90% of breeding water, so it is advantageous to use it in a place where there is not enough water resources, and it can prevent pollution of breeding water and inflow of external hospital organisms and save energy for controlling the temperature of breeding water. It is effective to increase the growth rate of fish.

Description

The method and apparatus of circulating filter system fish culture using mineral corpuscle and foam separation}

The present invention relates to a circulating filtration fish farming method and apparatus of fish breeding water using the fine particles and the foam separator.

Reuse of breeding stock in farmed fish farms has been studied as a solution to various problems related to water resources, environment, energy and fish disease. However, most of them are laboratory scale, and the results have not been practically applied to fish farms. The only IBK system (Kim and Jo, 1999) has been successfully applied to fish farms, producing fresh fish species such as Israeli carp, tiralpia, and eel on an industrial scale. At present, the IBK System facility for marine fish is being attempted (Kim, 2000) and the result is expected.

Overseas, similar to domestic, there are few examples of successful application of cyclic filtration to fish farms of industrial scale. In recent years, there have been some cases where a circulating filtration method developed in a foreign country has been introduced in Korea, but it has not been successful in the problems of maintenance and maintenance, and the economical efficiency of facilities and operating costs.

The mechanism involved in the reuse of breeding water in a circulating filtration aquaculture facility is the removal of the nope substances produced by the breeding from the breeding water. Traditionally, screening, settling, filtering, biofiltering, degassing and disinfecting are involved. In order to perform these functions, a considerable amount of equipment is required, which leads to limitations of versatility and difficulty in operation management.

Korean Patent Publication No. 99-73399 utilizes the specificity of ocher and limestone materials to grind Gaepul and supply oxygen by using a composition composed of natural materials such as ocher, quicklime, slaked lime, oyster shell powder, and carbon. To improve aging farms and polluted seas,

Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 98-19340 mixes ocher, activated carbon, zeolite and elvan in optimal granularity and blending ratio to selectively promote germination and growth by plant proliferation, or have excellent breathability, bobby and water drainage. To prevent root diseases, or to control the temperature and moisture in pollen soil and to prevent and treat various kinds of fish disease, the manufacturing method of water quality soil improver is described.

Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-8266 discloses a method for developing a red tide removal flocculant using porous ceramic powder which coagulates and adsorbs red tide plankton by using a complex component such as mud or loess, slaked lime, quicklime or caustic soda. However,

The conventional techniques are used to exemplify that ocher and mud are good for red tide and fish growth, but ocher and mud are diluted in breeding water to accumulate in the gills of the fish to worsen or kill fish diseases. There have been problems such as raising the pollution of breeding water, which has not been used in actual farms.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention suspended mineral fines in the breeding water and suspended particulates adsorb or decompose waste products and pathogens in the breeding water, and the foam separation device separates and discharges the purified water to reuse. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of circulating filtration fish farming and a device for breeding fish using mineral fine particles and a foam separator.

1 is a general view of the circulation filtration fish farming method of the present invention

2 is a detailed view of the foam separation device of the circulating filtration fish culture method of the present invention

<Description of Signs of Important Parts in Drawings>

(1) replenishment (2) mineral fines injection (3) breeding tanks (4) breeding water (5) pumps

(6) foam separators (7) circulating water (8) drain water + foam (10) collection ports

(11) inflow breeding pipes (12) venturi tubes (13) air inlets

(14) Venturi discharge hall (15) Venturi guide (16) Purification stocking (17) Air bubbles

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention suspends the mineral fine particles in the breeding water, decomposes and adsorbs the wastes generated from the fish, and separates them from the breeding water using a foam separation device and discharges them from the breeding water. A method and apparatus for overeating fish farming are provided.

The mineral fine particles used in the present invention are any one or a mixture thereof selected from ocher, kaolin, goto, lime, bentonite, zeolite and silica, and the fine particles suspended in breeding water because their surface area is very large in volume. Efficiently acts as a biofilter, thus eliminating the need for a separate biofilter. In addition, the fine particles of the mineral adsorbs the wastes such as solid organics, dissolved organics, pathogens, ammonia, etc. in the breeding water with a wide range of adsorption power. Thus, the fine particles adsorbed waste products and pathogens are separated and discharged out of the breeding method through a foam separator, and thus, facilities required for controlling solid organisms such as sedimentation or strainer and pathogens such as ozone and ultraviolet ray are also unnecessary. In addition, the oxygen shortage in the breeding water is supplied incidentally during the aeration process included in the foam separation process, thereby reducing the need for a separate oxygen supply device. Therefore, the present invention is an efficient breeding water purification and reuse method consisting of a simple structure of breeding water suspension and foam separation process of mineral fine particles.

In circulating filtration, ammonia in breeding water is the first target to be removed because of its toxicity. Biological filtration is the only method currently used to remove ammonia in breeding water. This requires a medium to which nitrifying bacteria can attach, either fixed or liquid, and a separate facility (biofiltration) to which it can be mounted. In addition, in order to maintain the activity of these nitrifying bacteria themselves, related factors should be managed. The concentration and absolute amount of ammonia itself are related to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water flow and the amount of solid organics (POC) and dissolved organics (DOC). In summary, the removal of ammonia by biofiltration presents several challenges for installation and management.

There is a report that ocher is already popular as a panacea, and it is already used for red tide control in the fisheries field, and there is a possibility that it can be used for salvage of flounder. There is also a lot of unconfirmed information about the wide range of adsorption capacity of loess. Mineral particles, including ocher, have a very large surface area of 600 m2 / g for calcined ocher. Clay not only grows on its own with a lamellar crystal structure, but also has the ability to absorb other molecules, especially the mica type clay, which has a pattern of more than 800 organic molecules between its silicate layers. Derivatives of patterns have been identified, and the modifications of these organic molecular patterns act like templates, including the immobilization of ammonia ions and alcohol molecules with organic molecules (Watsom, 1979).

Clay (primarily SIO ₂₎ that can be tried for the purpose of purification of the number of breeding a mineral particulate, Goto _{(苦土, dolomite, MgCO 3 ·} CaCO 3) and kaolin (mainly Al ₂ O _3), lime, bentonite, zeolite In this breeding experiment, two kinds of processed loess and 50 pieces of clay were used. The ammonia concentration of the breeding water during the breeding experiment did not exceed 2 mg / L (Table 4). This confirms that ammonia has been removed through some path. It may be adsorbed on the surface of the mineral fine particles and may be decomposed by activated sludge using these fine particles as a nucleus. However, since most of the fine particles of the sprayed water were discharged out of the breeding method through the foam separator within 12 hours, it is difficult to estimate that all of the ammonia in the breeding water was decomposed through the process of active sludge. Therefore, it is assumed that the mineral fine particles partially adsorbed ammonia. To date, there is no doubt that the mineral particulates suspended in the stock could contribute in some way to the removal of ammonia from the stock. Therefore, it is considered that the problem of turbidity and ammonia removal of breeding water using mineral particles cannot be a limiting factor.

In the present invention, if suspending mineral particles in the breeding water to purify the breeding water is one axis of the breeding water reuse method, another important axis corresponding thereto is a foam fractionator.

Foam separators are widely used to separate solutes from solutions and specific materials from liquid mixtures. There are only 92 uses to separate elements and compounds from liquids, and they are used to separate Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, etc. from seawater (Rubin and Goden, 1962). The suspended solids are separated from the breeding water (Wheaton, 1977) and the solid organic matter (POC) is removed (spotte, 1979). In addition, the number of floating microorganisms in the breeding water was reduced (Schlesner and Rheinheimer, 1974), and the entrepreneur was able to reduce the bacterial count from 22,100cells / ml to 220cells / ml with a venturi-based foam separator in the circulating filtration method. (Dwibedy, 1793). By removing dissolved organic matter (DOC) from fish and shellfish breeding methods (Dwivedy, 1973; Spotte, 1979; Lomax and Wheaton, 1975), it suppresses ammonia generation by bacterial decomposition of protein components (Dwivedy, 1973) And COD, alleviate the accumulation of nitrates (Dwivedy, 1973). Controlling the pH of breeding water by eliminating organic acids (DOC) forms (ewivedy, 1973). Part of the ammonia in the breeding water may be removed by aeration or foaming of the foam separator (Wheaton. 1977).

The foam separator not only removes dissolved organic matter (DOC) and solid organic matter (POC) from the breeding water, but also has an effective aeration function.It is effective when applied to seawater and does not require large space unlike biofiltration facilities. Easy to manage It is not used as a substitute for biofiltration but in connection with it (Huguenin and Colt, 1989). In fact, the IBK system has a foam separator installed in front of the biological filtration facility, and it has a great effect.

However, in the breeding method of the present invention, the biological filtration facility is omitted as a configuration in which the breeding water is pumped from the drainage port of the breeding tank to the foam separator and then circulated to the breeding tank. The removal of ammonia, which is a function of the biofiltration system, is thought to be the function of the mineral fine particles suspended in the breeding water and the foam separator which separates and discharges it from the breeding water. During the breeding period, the ammonia concentration in the breeding water was kept below the allowable level (Table 4).

The foam separator was also confirmed to supply oxygen to the breeding water incidentally during the aeration process. Dissolved oxygen in the breeding water drained from the breeding tank was 50% saturation, but breeding water circulated through the foam separator became 85% saturation. This is thought to reduce the need for a separate oxygen supply system.

The present invention lengthens the vertical axis of the foam separator in order to extend the contact time between the breeding water and the air bubbles, the air sucked through the intake pump by the venturi tube installed in the upper portion of the equipment is mixed with the breeding water and descends to the bottom and then rises again. It is a structure to let. Thus, the contact time is maximized, and as the pressure goes down to the bottom, the water pressure increases to improve efficiency. The breeding water and the air bubbles that have reached the upper end are raised in the outer cylinder with a large cross-sectional area, and the breeding water descends below the rising speed of the air bubbles, and the air bubbles separated from the watering water form bubbles on the surface of the water. After being separated from the breeding water, it is discharged to the outside of the foam separator with a small amount of breeding water.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples.

Example

Two kinds of processed loess (less than 50μ) and golom (dolomite (less than 50μ) fine particles were suspended in the breeding water to 100ppm or less, and separated and discharged by a foam separator to purify the breeding water. A round breeding tank with a diameter of 4.8m (breeding quantity 10㎥), 2 cycles per hour of breeding water circulation rate, 90% reuse rate, and 21.3g of flounder fry (5,555, total weight 128kg) at 75 ° C The animals were reared to an average body weight of 84.6 g (5,532 animals, total weight 468 kg). The final storage density was 26.0 kg / m 2. There was no outbreak of fish disease.

Experimental Example

The mineral particles used in the experiment were two types of loess (A, B) and goto powder (C). The particle size was less than 50μ and 400g (40ppm) was sprayed directly into the breeding water twice a day at 12 hour intervals. Three mineral fine particles were tested as shown in Table 1 during the test period.

Table 1. Scheme of the mineral particle supply under 50μin diameter tried for the water reuse system

Date 1st 25th 26st-50th 51st-55th 56st-60th 61st-70th 71st-75th Scheme A A + B B A + C B + C C

A: Calcined yellow soil for red tide removal

B: Processed loess for fish feed additive

C: Dolomite particles

Feed was used for pellet feed for Turbot growth and absorbed 10% fresh water before feeding. It was supplied three times a day (07:00, 13:00, 20:00). The composition of the feed is shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Composition of the feed used for the experiment

Ingredient Ingredient Crude protein 54% Phosphorus 1.6% Crude fat 12% Viatmin A 10000 IU Ashes 8.5% Viatmin D3 1750 IU Humidity 10% Viatmin E 200mg Crude fiber 1.5% Viatmin C 250mg

The flounder used in the breeding test was a self-produced seedling that was produced in 1999 and sold and left. At the start of the experiment, the mean body weight was 23.1 g and 5,555 were housed, the total weight was 128 kg, and the density was 7.11 kg / m 2. The animals were bred for 75 days and 200 randomized animals were weighed three times at 25-day intervals to determine growth.

During the breeding test, the water temperature and dissolved oxygen of the breeding water were YSI-55 DO meter and the pH was Fisher Scientific Co. It was measured by PH meter 900. Ammonia was released every 10 days at Kyoritsu Chemical-Check Lab. It was measured by Corp.'s WAK-NH ₄ simple test kit, and to confirm this, the water was collected at 06:00, just before feeding and mineral particulates on the 60th day of the experiment, and commissioned by the National Fisheries Research and Development Agency, Pohang Branch, Korea. Was investigated. A 40w fluorescent lamp was installed at 2.5m above the center water surface of the breeding tank to turn on at 06:00 and turn off at 20:00.

result

1. Growth and Fish Bottles

Growth results of the flounder during the breeding experiment are shown in Table 3.

No fish disease was observed during the entire breeding period and 16 animals died at the beginning of the first 25 days. This is judged to be the result of physical damage to the body due to the total number of stocks in the stocking process and the weight of the stock. Afterwards, seven damaged dead bodies, such as fins of 1-3, were found after weighing and replacing the central drainage pipe of the breeding tank, and 23 rice were killed for 75 days. Other visual abnormalities in the body were not found.

Table 3. Results of the rearing experiment

Beginning 25th day 50th day 75th day No. of fish 5,555 5,539 5,536 5,584 body weight mean (g) 23.1 35.7 58.9 84.6 total (g) 128 198 326 468 Feed consumed (㎏) 62 108 121 Daily feeding rate (%) 1.52 1.65 1.22 Feed efficiency (%) 113 119 117 Daily growth rate (%) 1.72 1.95 1.43 Stocking density (㎏ / ㎥) 7.11 11.0 18.11 26.0

Daily feeding rate (%):

Feed eficiency (%):

Daily grpwth rate (%):

F: Total feed consumed, G: Total weight gained, T: Days of one term (25days), Wt ₁ : Total body weight initial, Wt ₂ : Total body weight final

2. Water quality

Breeding water temperature was maintained at 17 ± 1 ℃. No change was observed in food intake or behavior when the water temperature was changed in the range of 1 ° C for 12 hours.

The pH was in the range of 7.15-7.20 throughout the period. Among the processed ocher products, the feed additives tended to lower the pH and the high-molecular particles to increase the pH.

Dissolved oxygen was measured to be 96% of saturation in supplementary water (1) and 75 to 80% from the edge toward the central drainage stand pipe, depending on the position in the breeding tank (3). The feed water (7) was maintained at 85%.

NH₄ by simple colorimetry was less than 5 ppm during the test period. The water quality measured by the National Fisheries Research and Development Agency, Donghae Fisheries Research Institute, Pohang Branch is shown in Table 4. According to this, the ammonia concentration of the whole method was less than 2.0 ppm, and the index items of general water quality were also below the allowable values.

Table 4. Concentrations (ml / l) of COD, SS and nitrogen compounds in culture water of the system on 69th day at 6 a.m. just before feeding and mineral particle diffusing

COD SS NH ₄ -N NO ₂ -N NO ₃ -N T-N Remarks Make-upseawater 0.88 0.4 0.003 0.002 0.353 0.358 Fig. 1, ① Drain formrearing tank 1.82 4.7 1.629 1.629 0.189 2.175 Fig. 1, ④ Returningwater 1.78 4.6 1.885 0.384 0.155 2.424 Fig. 1, ⑦ Drain fromfoamfractionator 1.97 8.6 1.958 0.420 0.132 2.511 Fig.1⑧

3. Mineral particulate

The two types of loess and goto used as mineral fines were sprayed on the breeding water and spread evenly over the front of the breeding tank. They did not remain on the bottom but circulated through the foam separator with the breeding water, and some were discharged. Immediately after 40 ppm was sprayed, turbidity was so high that the fish at the bottom of the breeding tank could not be seen. Over time, the transparency became clearer, clearing the body of the flounder at the bottom of the breeding tank until 12 hours later and before the next spraying.

Abnormal phenomena were not observed in the spraying of mineral particles or the behavior of the flounder during breeding due to the change in turbidity. Turbidity and behavior were irrelevant so that individuals who floated on the surface of the breeding water immediately after spraying consumed the pellet feed on the surface. No difference was observed between the types of mineral particles.

4. Foam separator

Except immediately after feeding the breeding tanks, a large amount of foam continued to be generated and discharged. In addition to separating and discharging wastes and mineral particles by foam, the foam separator had a saturation of 50% of the dissolved oxygen in the effluent (4) of the breeding water, but also increased the saturation of the circulating feed water (7) to 85%.

It should be noted that there was no sign of fish disease, no signs of fish disease, and no damage to the fish, even though the drug was not used throughout the entire experimental period, such as after all investigations at the beginning of the experiment, and after sampling for two intermediate weights. Not observed. In dendritic flounder farms, densely densely resulted in blackened fish and cracked fins. In this breeding experiment, the body color was blackened, but the splitting of the fin was not observed. There were 16 deaths in a week after the total investigation to start the experiment. Thereafter, the cause of death was unknown in seven cases. The fact that fish disease did not occur even after a lack of the usual practice of bathing after the investigation was considered to be a proof that the mineral particles and the foam separator had the ability to remove pathogens. If confirmed, this may be another advantage of this breeding method.

In the method of breeding of the flounder breeding experiment, the principle of the purification method for the reuse of the purified water is fundamentally different from that of the existing circulation filtration method. All wastes produced as a result of breeding were purified only by the functions of mineral fine particles and foam powder suspended in breeding water, and the flounder could be raised normally.

When described in detail with reference to the drawings as follows.

Figure 1 shows a general view of the circulating filtered fish farming method of the present invention and Figure 2 is a detailed view of the foam separation device of the circulating filtered fish farming method of the present invention, the reference numerals are supplemental water (1), mineral fine particle injection (2), breeding tank (3), breeding water (4), pump (5), foam separator (6), circulating water (7), effluent + foam (8), collection port (10), inlet breeding water It can be seen that the pipe 11, the venturi tube 12, the air inlet 13, the venturi discharge pipe 14, the venturi guide tube 15, the purified breeding water 16, and the air bubble 17.

Referring to Figure 1, the breeding facility is introduced into the foam separator (6) connected to the supplementary water (1) and mineral fine particles (2) in the breeding tank (3) and the breeding water (4) is discharged by the pump (5) And recycle the treated circulating water (7), and the impurities collected in the bubbles are mixed in the discharge water (8) and discharged.

FIG. 2 shows the foam separator 6 in detail. When breeding water 4 is introduced into the cylindrical Venturi tube 12 through the inlet pipe 11 by the pump 5, the venturi phenomenon Air is sucked through the air inlet 13 by using an inspiration pump by generating air bubbles and injected into the venturi discharge pipe 14 at a high pressure, which is induced to the bottom of the foam separator. Afterwards, the upper part of the venturi guide tube 15 again rises to the upper part, and the upper part of the venturi guide tube 15 rises to the upper part of the venturi guide tube 15. 18) is discharged through the collecting port 10 with the discharge water 8 by natural pressure, and the purified breeding water 16 is lowered in the process of being recycled to the breeding tank 3 through the outlet of the lower portion Solid oils, inorganics, dissolved organics, pathogens, etc. Some, such as ammonia to the device while adsorbed on the surface of the foam creates a foam separation and can breed.

In the above-described embodiment of the invention, the replenishing water 1 was supplied with natural saltwater of 34 ‰ at a salt concentration of 17 ± 1 ° C. at 2 m 3 / hr. The same amount of breeding water 4 was discharged 8 together with the foam through the foam separator 6. Breeding water (4) is sent to the foam separation unit (6) by a pump (5) connected to the external water leveling standing pipe of the breeding tank (3), so that the separated foam is discharged with the same amount of effluent (8) Together it is discharged to the outside and the rest is circulated to the breeding tank (7). The amount of circulating breeding water is 15㎥ / hr., The reuse rate of breeding water is 90%, and the return rate of breeding water tank is 48 times / day.

As described above, the present invention has a simple structure, and thus, there is no particular difficulty in maintaining and maintaining the water. By reusing 90% or more of breeding water, it is advantageous to use it in a place where water resources are not abundant. And it is possible to save the energy required to control the temperature of the breeding water, which is effective to increase the breeding rate of fish.

Claims (4)

In the circulating filtration fish farming method of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and foam separator, the mineral fine particles are suspended in breeding water to decompose and adsorb waste products generated from fish, Circulation filtration fish farming method of fish breeding water using the fine particles and foam separation device, characterized in that to separate and discharge the purified water to reuse. According to claim 1, wherein the size of the mineral fine particles is 50μ or less, any one selected from loess, kaolin, kaolin, lime, bentonite, zeolite (zeolite) and silica or mixtures thereof, the mineral fine particles Circulating filtration fish farming method of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and foam separation device, characterized in that it is added to maintain less than 100ppm. Circulation filtration of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and foam separation device, wherein the supplementary water (1) and mineral fine particles (2) are introduced into the breeding tank (3) and the breeding water is pumped by the pump (5). 4) recycles the treated circulating water (7) introduced into the foam separator (6) connected, and the waste material adsorbed and decomposed on the mineral particles collected in the foam is mixed into the discharge water (8) and discharged. Circulation filtration fish farming device of fish breeding water using mineral fine particles and foam separator. According to claim 3, wherein the foam separator (6) is connected to the inlet pipe (11) through which the breeding water (4) is introduced by the pump (5), the inlet pipe (11), the hourglass inside A narrow tube diameter Venturi tube (12) of the fallopian tube cylindrically connected to the air inlet (13) connected to the center and narrowed in shape, It extends to the cylindrical venturi tube 12 and is led to the bottom of the foam separator, the air is sucked through the air inlet 13 by using an inspiration pump (aspiration pump) by the venturi phenomenon to bubble Venturi discharge pipe 14 is generated and sprayed with a strong pressure, and is formed from the bottom to the top of the foam separation device in a form surrounding the venturi discharge pipe 14 from the outside to form the foam and breeding water 4 together Venturi guide tube 15 and the venturi guide tube 15 to be raised to the upper portion of the venturi guide tube 15, the air bubbles 17 rise to the surface to form a bubble and flows out by the natural pressure with the discharge water (8) Collector 10 for collecting this, and is installed at the lower end of the foam device (6), characterized in that it comprises a lower outlet for the breeding water 4 is purified and lowered and recycled back to the breeding tank (3)Recirculating aquaculture system is the number of fish breeding with mineral particles and foam separating devices.