KR100323463B1 - A system for monitoring a fire - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire monitoring system,

An air pump 100 for sucking air in a plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes, respectively; A plurality of smoke sensors 210 and a plurality of air sensors 220 are respectively connected to the plurality of pipes, the smoke sensor 210 detects the smoke concentration in the air sucked through the pipe to output a fire detection signal or the When the air sensor 220 detects the flow of air sucked through the pipe and outputs an abnormality detection signal, the fire position signal and the fire detection signal of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal are transmitted to the outside or the A plurality of fire detection apparatuses for transmitting an abnormal position signal and an abnormal detection signal of a space where an abnormality is generated by the abnormal detection signal to the outside; Receives a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormal detection signal and an abnormal position signal from the plurality of fire detection devices 200 and transmits them to the outside, and the fire detection state and the fire position by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal A central monitoring device 300 displaying a space or displaying an abnormal occurrence state and an abnormal occurrence space by the abnormal detection signal and the abnormal position signal; The fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal are transmitted from the central monitoring device 300 to display the fire occurrence state and the fire occurrence space by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection. It is composed of a relay device 400 for displaying the abnormal occurrence state and the abnormal occurrence space by the signal and the abnormal position signal,

When the fire detection device detects the smoke concentration and air flow in the air sucked from the plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes and outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an error position signal, the central monitoring device and the relay device Receives and displays the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal, so that the administrator can easily identify the fire situation or system abnormality, which not only improves the reliability of the system but also enables the early evolution of the fire. It is effective in preventing the loss of property and life.

Description

A system for monitoring a fire}

The present invention relates to a fire monitoring system.

More specifically, when the fire detection device detects the smoke concentration and air flow in the air sucked from the plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes and outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal, The present invention relates to a fire monitoring system in which a monitoring device and a relay device receive and display a fire detection signal and a fire location signal or an abnormality detection signal and an error location signal.

Early detection of fire and extinguishing fire immediately is critical to preventing property and life loss.

In particular, fires on board ships can cause catastrophic damage to the crew's safety, so the International Marine Organization (IMO) sets international standards for safe navigation of ships and enforces them on all vessels around the world. have.

In general, in order to detect the fire in each cargo compartment in a cargo ship, when the air pump sucks air from each cargo compartment through a pipe, the CO₂ pressure vessel detects the smoke concentration in the air sucked through the pipe and outputs a fire detection signal. Thus, the cargo ship manager is to be notified of the fire.

However, a fire monitoring system installed in a conventional vessel has a problem that if a system failure occurs due to various causes, a great loss of life and property can be caused by fire.

That is, there was a problem that the CO₂ pressure vessel is not detected a fire if air is not sucked through the pipe when a fire occurs. In addition, there is a problem that the CO₂ pressure vessel may explode by overvoltage overcurrent when flammable gas is inhaled through the pipe in the event of fire.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the fire detection device detects the smoke concentration and air flow in the air sucked from the plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes, the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or When the error detection signal and the abnormal position signal are output, the central monitoring device and the relay device receive and display the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the error detection signal and the abnormal position signal to provide a reliable fire monitoring system. There is this.

The system according to the present invention for achieving the above object, the air pump for sucking air in a plurality of spaces respectively through a plurality of pipes; A plurality of smoke sensors and a plurality of air sensors are connected to the plurality of pipes, respectively, and the smoke sensor detects the concentration of smoke in the air sucked through the pipe and outputs a fire detection signal, or the air sensor is sucked through the pipe. When the flow of fire is detected and an abnormality detection signal is output, the fire position signal and the fire detection signal of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal are transmitted to the outside or the abnormality of the space where the abnormality is generated by the abnormality detection signal A plurality of fire detection device for transmitting the position signal and the abnormality detection signal to the outside; Receives a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an error detection signal and an abnormal position signal from the plurality of fire detection devices and transmits them to the outside, and displays the fire occurrence state and the fire occurrence space by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal. Or a central monitoring device for displaying an abnormal occurrence state and an abnormal occurrence space by the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal; The fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal are transmitted from the central monitoring device to display the fire occurrence state and the fire occurrence space by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal, or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormality. Characterized in that it comprises a relay device for displaying the abnormal occurrence state and the abnormal occurrence space by the position signal.

1 is a block diagram schematically showing a fire monitoring system according to the present invention;

2 is a detailed block diagram of a fire monitoring system according to the present invention;

3 is a block diagram illustrating in detail a fire detection apparatus according to the present invention;

4 is a circuit diagram showing a power protection unit according to the present invention;

6 is a view for explaining a display unit according to the present invention;

5 is a view showing the appearance of a fire detection apparatus according to the present invention.

* Names of symbols for main parts of the drawings

100: air pump 200: fire detection device

300: central monitoring unit 400: relay unit

210: smoke sensor 220: air sensor

230 (234): First control unit 240: First interface

310; Second Interface 320: Second Control Unit

330: first display unit 340: third interface

350: first alarm sound generating unit 410: fourth interface

420: third interface 430: second display unit

440: second warning sound generating unit 231: signal transmission unit

232: power protection unit 233: switching unit

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram schematically showing a fire monitoring system according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a block diagram showing in detail a fire monitoring system according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a detailed fire detection apparatus according to the present invention A block diagram is shown.

As shown in FIG. 1, a system according to the present invention includes an air pump 100; A plurality of fire detection devices 200; Central monitoring apparatus 300; The relay device 400 is configured.

Here, the air pump 100 sucks air in a plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes, respectively.

In addition, the fire detection apparatus 200, as shown in Figure 2, a plurality of smoke sensors for detecting the smoke concentration in the air sucked through the plurality of pipes and outputs a fire detection signal if more than a predetermined value; A plurality of air sensors 220 for detecting a flow of air sucked through the plurality of pipes and outputting an abnormal detection signal if there is no air flow; By detecting the position of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal input from the smoke sensor 210 and outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal, or by the abnormal detection signal input from the air sensor 220 A first controller 230 for detecting a position of a pipe in which an abnormality has occurred and outputting an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal; And a first communication interface 240 for transmitting the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal input from the first control unit 230 to the central monitoring apparatus 300 by a predetermined protocol. .

Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the first control unit 230 includes a signal transmission unit 231 for outputting a fire detection signal when a fire detection signal is input from at least one of the plurality of smoke sensors 210; A power protection unit 232 for protecting a power supply voltage required for the plurality of smoke sensors 210 to operate from an overvoltage or an overcurrent; A plurality of switching units 233 connected in series between the plurality of smoke sensors 210 and the power protection unit 232 and turned off by a switching control signal; When the fire detection signal is input from the signal transmission unit 231 to sequentially output a plurality of switching control signals to the plurality of switching unit 233 to detect the position of the smoke sensor 210 output the fire detection signal, And a first control unit 234 for outputting a fire position signal and a fire detection signal by a switching control signal for stopping the fire detection signal input.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the central monitoring apparatus 300 outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal transmitted from the first communication interface 240 by a predetermined protocol. Second communication interface 310; The first control signal is output by the fire detection signal input from the second communication interface 310 and the second control signal is output by the fire position signal, or the third control signal is output by the abnormality detection signal A second control unit 320 for outputting a fourth control signal according to the position signal; Display the fire occurrence state by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320 and display the fire occurrence space by the second control signal, or display the abnormal occurrence state by the third control signal A first display unit 330 for displaying an abnormal occurrence space by a control signal; A third communication interface 340 for transmitting a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal input from the second communication interface 310 to the relay device 400 by a predetermined protocol; It consists of a warning sound generating unit 350 for generating a warning sound by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320.

As shown in FIG. 2, the relay device 400 outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal transmitted from the third communication interface 340 by a predetermined protocol. 4 communication interface 410; The fifth control signal is output by the fire detection signal input from the fourth communication interface 410 and the sixth control signal is output by the fire position signal, or the seventh control signal is output by the abnormality detection signal A third control unit 420 for outputting an eighth control signal according to the position signal; Display the fire occurrence state by the fifth control signal input from the third control unit 420 and display the fire occurrence space by the sixth control signal, or display the abnormal occurrence state by the seventh control signal A second display unit 430 for displaying an abnormal occurrence space by a control signal; An alarm sound generator 440 is configured to generate an alarm sound by the fifth control signal input from the third controller 420.

Subsequently, the operation of the system according to the present invention configured as described above will be described in detail as follows.

1. In case of fire

Each of the plurality of smoke sensors 210 detects the smoke concentration in the air sucked through the plurality of pipes, and outputs a fire detection signal to the first control unit 234 when the smoke concentration is higher than a predetermined value.

Here, the smoke sensor 210 is a sensor for detecting the smoke generated by the fire, there is a photoelectric, ionized, infrared, ultraviolet type, etc. The photoelectric smoke sensor is the light emitted from the light emitting device by the smoke When the scattered light receiving element receives the scattered light, it outputs a fire detection signal.

The first control unit 234 for controlling each part of the fire detection device detects the location of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal input from the smoke sensor 210, and the fire detection signal and the fire position signal to the first interface ( 240).

That is, when a fire detection signal is input from at least one of the plurality of smoke sensors 210, the signal transmission unit 231 outputs a low level fire detection signal to the first control unit 234.

When a low level fire detection signal is input from the signal transmission unit 231, the first control unit 234 sequentially applies a plurality of switching control signals to detect the position of the smoke sensor 210 to which the fire detection signal is output. Output to the plurality of switching unit 233.

The plurality of switching units 233 connected in series between the plurality of smoke sensors 210 and the power protection unit 232 are sequentially switched off by a switching control signal.

Accordingly, the plurality of smoke sensors 210 are sequentially stopped by the plurality of switch control signals, and thus the smoke sensor 210 which outputs the fire detection signal by the predetermined switching control signal does not output the fire detection signal. Will not.

Accordingly, since the signal transmission unit 231 does not input all the fire detection signals from the plurality of smoke sensors 210, the signal transmission unit 231 outputs a high level fire detection signal to the first control unit 234 and the first control unit 234. ) Detects a switching control signal that stops the operation of the smoke sensor 210 outputting the fire generation signal when the high level fire detection signal is input, and outputs a fire position signal and a fire detection signal.

The first communication interface 240 transmits the fire detection signal and the fire location signal input from the first control unit 230 to the central monitoring device 300 by a predetermined protocol.

On the other hand, the second communication interface 310 of the central monitoring device 300 outputs the fire detection signal and the fire position signal transmitted from the first communication interface 240 by a predetermined protocol.

The second control unit 320 for controlling each unit of the central monitoring device 300 outputs the first control signal in response to the fire detection signal input from the second communication interface 310 and the second control signal in response to the fire position signal. Outputs

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5, the first light emitting display unit 331 of the first display unit 330 displays the fire occurrence state by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320, and the liquid crystal. The display unit 333 displays a fire occurrence area in letters by a second control signal input from the second control unit 320.

In addition, the warning sound generating unit 350 generates a fire warning sound by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320.

In addition, the first light emitting display unit 331 includes a warning lamp and a fire lamp. When the fire detection signal is input to the second control unit 320, the warning lamp is first turned on and the counter is driven. E) elapses until the fire lamp is turned on and drives the warning sound generator 350.

In addition, the central monitoring device 300 automatically switches to the emergency power supply when the main power supply is cut off, and when the main power supply or the emergency power supply is cut off, the second control unit 320 detects this and automatically the liquid crystal display 333. While controlling to display the text message at the same time driving the warning sound generating unit 350.

In addition, the second controller 320 senses a current flowing in the power supply line and drives the warning sound generator 350 when a current (about 2 times) larger than the normal current flows.

The warning sound generating unit 350 operates with a 220V AC power so that the sound pressure of the warning sound is 90 dB or more.

The third communication interface 340 transmits the fire detection signal and the fire location signal input from the second communication interface 310 to the relay device 400 by a predetermined protocol.

Meanwhile, the fourth communication interface 410 of the relay device 400 outputs a fire detection signal and a fire location signal transmitted from the third communication interface 340 by a predetermined protocol.

The third control unit 420 for controlling each relay unit outputs a fifth control signal by the fire detection signal input from the fourth communication interface 410 and a sixth control signal by the fire position signal.

Accordingly, the second display unit 430 displays the fire occurrence state by the fifth control signal input from the third control unit 420 and displays the fire occurrence space by the sixth control signal, and the warning sound generator 440 generates a fire alarm by the fifth control signal input from the third control unit 420.

2. In case of abnormality

Each of the plurality of air sensors 220 detects a flow of air sucked through the plurality of pipes, and outputs an abnormality detection signal to the first controller 234 when there is no air flow.

The first control unit 234 for controlling each part of the fire detection device detects the position of the pipe in which the abnormality is generated by the abnormality detection signal input from the air sensor 220 to convert the abnormality detection signal and the abnormality position signal into the first interface ( 240).

Accordingly, the first communication interface 240 transmits the abnormality detection signal and the abnormality position signal input from the first control unit 230 to the central monitoring apparatus 300 by a predetermined protocol.

Meanwhile, the second communication interface 310 of the central monitoring device 300 outputs the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal transmitted from the first communication interface 240 by a predetermined protocol.

The second control unit 320 for controlling each unit of the central monitoring device 30 outputs a third control signal according to the abnormality detection signal input from the second communication interface 310 and the fourth control signal by the abnormal position signal. Outputs

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5, the second light emitting display unit 332 of the first display unit 330 displays an abnormal occurrence state by the third control signal input from the second control unit 320 and the liquid crystal display unit. Reference numeral 333 denotes a fire occurrence area in letters by a fourth control signal input from the second control unit 320.

In addition, when the second control unit 420 detects a communication error, wire loop disconnection, overcurrent, etc., the third control signal is output to turn on the second display unit 320 to notify the manager that an abnormality has occurred in the system.

The third communication interface 340 transmits the abnormality detection signal and the abnormality position signal input from the second communication interface 310 to the relay device 400 by a predetermined protocol.

Meanwhile, the fourth communication interface 410 of the relay device 400 outputs the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal transmitted from the third communication interface 340 by a predetermined protocol.

The third control unit 420 for controlling each part of the relay device outputs a seventh control signal by the abnormal detection signal input from the fourth communication interface 410 and outputs an eighth control signal by the abnormal position signal.

The second display unit 430 displays the abnormal occurrence state by the seventh control signal input from the third control unit 420 and displays the abnormal occurrence space by the eighth control signal.

The first, second, third, and fourth interfaces 240, 310, 340, and 410 are for transmitting and receiving the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal by RS-485 communication method.

The first, second, third, fourth interfaces 240, 310, 340, 410 according to the present invention are implemented with IC SN75176, and convert the RS-232 communication signal into the RS-485 communication signal or the RS-485 communication method. Convert the signal to RS-232 communication signal.

Accordingly, the first control unit 234 and the first interface 240, the second control unit 320 and the second interface 310, the third control unit 420 and the fourth interface 410 is an RS-232 communication method. Signal transmission and reception, the first interface 240 and the second interface 310, the second interface 310 and the third interface 420, the third interface 420 and the fourth interface 410 is RS-485 Send and receive signals by communication method.

The first interface 240 converts a signal of the 0 to 5V voltage input from the first control unit 234 into a signal of the +2.5 to -2.5V voltage, and outputs the signal to the second interface 310. The interface 310 converts a signal of +2.5 to -2.5V voltage input from the first interface 310 into a signal of 0 to 5V voltage and outputs the signal to the second controller 320.

In addition, the central monitoring device 300 communicates with the fire detection device 200 or the relay device 400 according to a time division method.

In addition, the power protection unit 232 is to protect the power supply voltage supplied to the plurality of smoke sensor 210 from the overvoltage or overcurrent when the flammable gas is sucked through the pipe.

The power protection unit 232 according to the present invention is implemented as a Zener Barrier. The Zener Barrier includes a resistor R6, a Zener diode ZD1, ZD2, ZD3 and a fuse as shown in FIG. It is designed to fuse when 80mA current flows, preventing explosion due to overvoltage and overcurrent.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the sensor box in which the plurality of smoke sensors 210 and the air sensor 220 are built, and the interface box in which the first control unit 230 and the first interface unit 240 are embedded are separated. By providing the power protection unit 232 in the first control unit 230, the fire detection apparatus 200 is protected from the flammable gas when a fire occurs.

Looking at the specification of the zener barrier applied to the present invention, the rated voltage is 28V, the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 240Ω, the fuse current is 80mA.

In addition, in order to correct a communication error between the fire detection device 10 and the central monitoring device 30, if the fire detection device 200 adds a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) error bit to the signal and transmits it. The central monitoring apparatus 300 detects the CRC error bit to determine whether an error has occurred. At this time, if it is determined that an error has occurred, the central monitoring apparatus 300 requests retransmission of a signal to the fire detection apparatus 10.

In addition, the material of the system according to the present invention is made entirely of stainless steel (Stainless Steel), the signal cable inside the fire detection device 200 should be explosion-proof to prevent the exposure of the metal shell, pipes should also be explosion-proof.

As described above, the present invention, the fire detection device detects the smoke concentration and air flow in the air sucked from the plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes, the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal Outputs the central monitoring device and the relay device to receive and display the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal, so that the administrator can easily grasp the fire situation or the system abnormality situation, In addition to improving the risk of fire damage, it is possible to premature fire extinguishing, thus preventing the loss of property and life.

In addition, by separating the sensor box and the interface box of the fire detection device 200 and providing a power protection unit 232 in the fire detection device 200, to protect the fire detection device 200 from flammable gas in the event of a fire. It works.

Claims (10)

An air pump 100 for sucking air in a plurality of spaces through a plurality of pipes, respectively; A plurality of smoke sensors 210 and a plurality of air sensors 220 are respectively connected to the plurality of pipes, the smoke sensor 210 detects the smoke concentration in the air sucked through the pipe to output a fire detection signal or the When the air sensor 220 detects the flow of air sucked through the pipe and outputs an abnormality detection signal, the fire position signal and the fire detection signal of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal are transmitted to the outside or the A plurality of fire detection apparatuses for transmitting an abnormal position signal and an abnormal detection signal of a space where an abnormality is generated by the abnormal detection signal to the outside; Receives a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormal detection signal and an abnormal position signal from the plurality of fire detection devices 200 and transmits them to the outside, and the fire detection state and the fire position by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal A central monitoring device 300 displaying a space or displaying an abnormal occurrence state and an abnormal occurrence space by the abnormal detection signal and the abnormal position signal; The fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal are transmitted from the central monitoring device 300 to display the fire occurrence state and the fire occurrence space by the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection. Fire monitoring system, characterized in that consisting of a relay device 400 for displaying the status and the occurrence of the abnormal state by the signal and the abnormal position signal. The method of claim 1 wherein the fire detection device 200, A plurality of smoke sensors 210 for detecting a concentration of smoke in the air sucked through the plurality of pipes and outputting a fire detection signal when a predetermined value or more is exceeded; A plurality of air sensors 220 for detecting a flow of air sucked through the plurality of pipes and outputting an abnormal detection signal if there is no air flow; By detecting the position of the space where the fire is generated by the fire detection signal input from the smoke sensor 210 and outputs a fire detection signal and a fire position signal, or by the abnormal detection signal input from the air sensor 220 A first controller 230 for detecting a position of a pipe in which an abnormality has occurred and outputting an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal; It is composed of a first communication interface 240 for transmitting the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormal position detection signal and the abnormal position signal input from the first control unit 230 to the central monitoring device 300 by a predetermined protocol. Fire monitoring system. The method of claim 2 wherein the central monitoring device 300, A second communication interface 310 for outputting a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal transmitted from the first communication interface 240 by a predetermined protocol; The first control signal is output by the fire detection signal input from the second communication interface 310 and the second control signal is output by the fire position signal, or the third control signal is output by the abnormality detection signal A second control unit 320 for outputting a fourth control signal according to the position signal; Display the fire occurrence state by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320 and display the fire occurrence space by the second control signal, or display the abnormal occurrence state by the third control signal A first display unit 330 for displaying an abnormal occurrence space by a control signal; And a third communication interface 340 for transmitting the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal input from the second communication interface 310 to the relay device 400 by a predetermined protocol. Fire monitoring system. According to claim 3, wherein the relay device 400, A fourth communication interface 410 for outputting a fire detection signal and a fire position signal or an abnormality detection signal and an abnormal position signal transmitted from the third communication interface 340 by a predetermined protocol; The fifth control signal is output by the fire detection signal input from the fourth communication interface 410 and the sixth control signal is output by the fire position signal, or the seventh control signal is output by the abnormality detection signal A third control unit 420 for outputting an eighth control signal according to the position signal; Display the fire occurrence state by the fifth control signal input from the third control unit 420 and display the fire occurrence space by the sixth control signal, or display the abnormal occurrence state by the seventh control signal Fire display system, characterized in that the second display portion 430 for displaying the abnormal occurrence space by the control signal. The method of claim 2 wherein the first control unit 230, A signal transmission unit 231 for outputting a fire detection signal when a fire detection signal is input from at least one of the plurality of smoke sensors 210; A power protection unit 232 for protecting a power supply voltage required for the plurality of smoke sensors 210 to operate from an overvoltage or an overcurrent; A plurality of switching units 233 connected in series between the plurality of smoke sensors 210 and the power protection unit 232 and turned off by a switching control signal; When the fire detection signal is input from the signal transmission unit 231 to sequentially output a plurality of switching control signals to the plurality of switching unit 233 to detect the position of the smoke sensor 210 output the fire detection signal, And a first control unit (234) for outputting a fire position signal and a fire detection signal by a switching control signal for stopping the fire detection signal input. The method of claim 3, wherein the first display unit 330, A first light emitting display unit 331 which is turned on by the first control signal input from the second control unit 320 to display a fire occurrence state; A second light emitting display unit 332 lit by a third control signal input from the second control unit 320 to display an abnormal occurrence state; Displaying a fire occurrence area in text by the second control signal input from the second control unit 320 or textually displaying the abnormal occurrence area by the fourth control signal input from the second control unit 320 Fire monitoring system, characterized in that consisting of a liquid crystal display (333). The method of claim 3 wherein the central monitoring device 300, And a warning sound generating unit (350) for generating a warning sound by the first control signal input from the second control unit (320). The method of claim 1 wherein the smoke sensor 210, The fire monitoring system, characterized in that the light emitted from the light emitting element is scattered by the smoke and the light receiving element receives the scattered light outputs a fire detection signal outputting a fire detection signal. The method according to claim 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the first interface 240 or the second interface 310 or the third interface 340 or the fourth interface 410, Fire monitoring system, characterized in that for transmitting and receiving the fire detection signal and the fire position signal or the abnormality detection signal and the abnormal position signal by RS-485 communication method. The power protection unit 232 of claim 5, Fire monitoring system, characterized in that implemented by a Zener barrier consisting of a resistor (R6), Zener diodes (ZD1, ZD2, ZD3) and fuses.