KR100314471B1 - Generator of absorption heat pump using ammonia - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a generator of an absorption type heat pump using ammonia, wherein the generator 10 for heating the ammonia solution from a heat source is coupled to the laminar flow stage 600 by a welding means outside the inner cylinder 321. The slit 601 is formed in the laminar flow stage 600 along the rotation path of the heat pipe coil 20 so that the lower medicinal solution may include the generator heat exchange heat transfer tube coil 20 that exchanges heat with the low temperature portion of the upper part of the generator laminar flow stage 600. As a result, the ammonia solution heated in the generator is moved to the lower part of the generator due to the concentration difference, and the laminar flow inside the generator in which the ammonia solution is immersed through the medicinal solution inlet 608 located at the lower part of the generator. As it passes through the portion 380, it achieves sufficient heat exchange with the low temperature portion of the upper portion and moves to the absorber, thereby increasing heat exchange efficiency.

In addition, the back pressure of the combustion gas is increased to increase the thermal efficiency, and the space between the GAX generator and the rectifying unit can be made relatively large. In particular, the rectifying unit 340 has an effect of increasing the rectifying space.

Description

Generator of absorption heat pump using ammonia

The present invention relates to a generator of an absorption type heat pump using ammonia, and more particularly, to increase heat exchange efficiency and greatly increase the rectifying space of the rectifying unit.

Absorption cooling generally operates a cooling cycle composed of absorption liquid refrigerant using gas such as LPG or LNG as a heat source. Unlike conventional gas compression cooling systems using electricity as an energy source, primary heat energy is used. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate excessive power load in summer. Moreover, it has various advantages, such as utilization to the cogeneration system using waste heat.

On the other hand, the absorption air conditioner using ammonia as a refrigerant and water as an absorbent liquid is a generator for generating refrigerant vapor (ammonia vapor), a rectifier for rectifying it into ammonia vapor having a purity of 99.8% or higher, and ammonia vapor with higher purity in the rectifier. Condenser to condense, the ammonia refrigerant condensed in the condenser is introduced into the evaporator, the refrigerant vapor evaporated by receiving heat from the evaporator coil is moved to the absorber, the heat flows inside the evaporator evaporator coil is deprived of heat to the evaporating refrigerant to evaporate the temperature The lowered cold water is separated into the ammonia vapor from the generator, and the refrigerant vapor moved to the absorber used for cooling, and the diluted aqueous ammonia solution flows into the absorber and is scattered on the surface of the cooling coil to form a liquid film. Absorbs ammonia vapor from the evaporator Aqueous ammonia solution is sent to the generator by the solution pump to form a cooling cycle to perform the cooling.

The ammonia absorption cycle uses a solution heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger to improve efficiency and performance, and several methods have been devised to improve the coefficient of performance of the absorption heat pump on the cycle. And known as the best method.

In the case of water / ammonia absorption heat pumps, due to the large concentration difference, the temperature difference between the absorber and the generator inlet and outlet is considerably large, and when the temperature difference between the condenser and the generator is small, the high temperature side of the absorber is higher than the low temperature side of the generator. This is called temperature superposition and refers to the use of such useful heat as the refrigerant regeneration heat source.

This is called temperature nesting, and it uses this useful heat.

It is known that the generator of the ammonia-absorbing heat pump uses a vertical pipe burner to heat the generator outer wall surrounded by a plate heat exchanger fin to separate the ammonia gas and the chemical solution having a low ammonia concentration.

In addition, the high-temperature combustion gas, which is burned by heating the dome-shaped generator inside the dome, circulates inside the dome and is introduced to the outside of the dome to exchange heat with fins installed in the outside of the dome. Is being used.

In the conventional generator, the pipe burner has a long combustion section in the upward direction, and the temperature difference of the whole generator in the vertical direction is equal, but it is difficult for the burned gas to heat the generator evenly, and thus it is not sufficiently heat-exchanged to the exhaust port. Naga's heat loss is large, resulting in a low point of heat efficiency of the generator.

In addition, the vessel heating type generator is not easy to install the laminar flow stage separating the aqueous ammonia solution by concentration, so the internal solution is likely to boil, and the concentration of the solution sent to the absorber is not easy to separate by the concentration of the ammonia solution in the generator. May be a high factor to reduce the efficiency of the absorption type heat pump, or there is a concern that a separate separator for each ammonia concentration.

In addition, in the case of using the gas slit burner, in order to increase the capacity of the absorption heat pump, the number of slit burners must be increased to increase the heat of combustion of the burner. To enlarge. This increase in diameter is a high pressure of the operating pressure of 1.5MPa in the case of the ammonia generator, in order to withstand such pressure, the thickness of the inner and outer walls of the generator is thick, the heat transfer efficiency is reduced, and as a result, the performance of the generator or the heat pump There was a downside to this.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a generator having a combustion chamber inside the generator in which the generator, the rectifier or the GAX generator is integrally formed, and having a constant heating temperature distribution and high efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated generator in which the dome type does not require a separate laminar flow compared.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the difficulty of the laminar flow welding operation due to the reduction in diameter due to the miniaturization, and to improve the shape of the laminar flow stage, so that the generator coil pitch into the one end of the laminar flow stage, thereby increasing the heat exchange area It is to provide a generator of the absorption heat pump using ammonia to increase the heat exchange efficiency due to, and to greatly increase the rectification space of the rectifier.

1 is an overall device diagram for the absorption heat pump of the present invention

Figure 2a is a front view of the generator of the conventional absorption heat pump

2B is a perspective view of the rectifying part

Figure 2c is a partial perspective view showing the structure of the laminar flow stage

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the generator structure of the absorption heat pump of the present invention

Figure 4a is a perspective view showing the inner cylinder of the absorption heat pump of the present invention

4B is a perspective view showing the laminar flow stage

Figure 5 is a state in which the laminar flow stage and the heat exchange coil is formed in the absorption heat pump of the present invention

Viewed perspective

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

10-generator 20-tube coil

30-Evaporator 40-Rectifier

50-GAX Absorber 70-Solution Pump

80-Refrigerant Heat Exchanger 90-GAX Generator

100-Absorber 110-Condenser

320-Outer Cylinder 321-Inner Cylinder

340-Rectifier 380-Laminar Flow

350-Exhaust 520-Condensation Rectifier

600-Laminar Flow Stage 601-Slit

602-opening

The object of the present invention is composed of a cylinder-shaped inner cylinder 321 and the outer cylinder 320, the inner cylinder 321 is provided with an exhaust port 305 at the top, the combustion gas inlet 312 is opened in the lower inner cylinder 321 A generator (10) for regenerating the solution by passage of the lower combustion gas;

A rectifier 40 for rectifying with ammonia vapor having high purity;

A condenser 110 for condensing the purified ammonia vapor in the rectifier 40;

The ammonia refrigerant condensed in the condenser 110 flows into the evaporator 30, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated by receiving heat from the evaporator coil moves to the absorber 100, and flows inside the evaporator coil of the evaporator 30 to evaporate. Cold water whose temperature is lowered by taking heat into the refrigerant is an evaporator 30 used for cooling;

The expanded ammonia gas (refrigerant vapor) in the evaporator 30 moves to the absorber, and the ammonia solution whose concentration is lowered by vaporizing the ammonia gas in the generator 10 flows into the upper part of the absorber 100 and is then applied to the absorber coil surface. It is composed of a liquid pump 70 that is dispersed and constitutes a liquid film, and flows in the vertical direction and absorbs the ammonia vapor introduced from the evaporator to a high concentration of ammonia solution is sent to the generator 10 to form a cooling cycle;

The generator 10 for heating the ammonia solution from the heat source is a generator for heat exchange with the low temperature portion of the upper part of the generator laminar flow stage 600 in the laminar flow stage 600, which is coupled to the outside of the inner cylinder 321 by welding means. The slit 601 is formed in the laminar flow stage 600 in accordance with the rotation path of the heat pipe coil 20 so as to include the heat exchange heat pipe coil 20.

Therefore, in the present invention, the slit part along the heat pipe coil path is coupled to the laminar flow end while the coil-shaped chemical solution heat pipe 20 is rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction while the heat pipe coil passes through the cutout of the slit 601. Since the assembly is possible, the assembly method of the laminar flow end to the inner cylinder in the opening 602 is sequentially changed direction to perform a lamination welding work, and to rotate and assemble the chemical solution heat pipe (20) by screwing the structure to fit the outer cylinder. It has a low welding man-hour.

In addition, an opening 602 is provided at the end of the laminar flow stage, and the direction of the opening is changed for each laminar flow stage, so that the movement of the ammonia solution due to the difference in concentration flows while changing the direction sequentially, and the generator coil is extended. Through heat exchange in the direction in which the moving direction of the ammonia chemical solution moving to the absorber and the ammonia solution moving to the lower portion of the generator is to increase the heat exchange efficiency.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the entire absorption type heat pump system (A-absorption air conditioner) to facilitate the understanding of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows a generator structure of the absorption heat pump of the present invention in a perspective view, Figure 4a shows a perspective view of the inner cylinder of the absorption heat pump.

Figure 4b is a perspective view of the configuration of the laminar flow stage, Figure 5 shows a state in which the laminar flow stage and the heat exchange coil is formed in the absorption type heat pump of the present invention.

The operating principle of the ammonia absorption heat pump is to absorb the evaporation heat generated when the catalyst (ammonia) evaporates into the absorbing solution (water or rare solution) to take heat away, and to absorb the absorbed heat by an appropriate cooling means (cooling tower or air-cooling device). The heat is discharged to the outside using the heat exchanger when the refrigerant evaporates and heat is applied to the cooled evaporator 30 to be used for cooling or freezing. The absorption solution with high ammonia concentration through absorption of the refrigerant (ammonia) is appropriate. Regeneration by heating means.

The absorption type air conditioner using ammonia as a refrigerant and water absorbent as an absorbent includes a generator 10 for generating refrigerant vapor (ammonia vapor) and a rectifier 40 for rectifying it into high purity ammonia vapor. The condenser 110 condensing ammonia vapor, the ammonia refrigerant condensed in the condenser 110 is introduced into the evaporator 30, the refrigerant vapor evaporated by receiving heat from the evaporator coil is moved to the absorber 100, the evaporator The cold water flowing in the evaporation coil of 30 to the heat evaporated by the refrigerant evaporated, the evaporator 30 used for cooling, the refrigerant vapor moved to the absorber 100 is separated into ammonia vapor in the generator (10) Aqueous solution of dilute ammonia flows into the absorber 100 and is scattered on the surface of the cooling coil to form a liquid film, and flows down in the vertical direction. It consists of an absorber (100) for absorbing the ammonia vapor and the solution pump (70) for sending a higher concentration of the aqueous ammonia solution to the generator (10).

In the present invention, the generator 10, the rectifier 40 or the GAX generator 90 of the absorption type heat pump generator 10, or the rectifier 40 or the GAX generator 90 is formed integrally and the pipe form The inner cylinder 321 and the outer cylinder 320 is sealed.

In the lower part of the generator 10 there is an ammonia solution in the space between the inner cylinder 321 and the outer cylinder 320 to heat the inner wall of the inner cylinder 321 inside the inner cylinder to regenerate the solution inside the generator, as shown in FIG. Likewise, the inside of the generator 10 is provided with a straight pipe 324 made of stainless steel.

The chemical solution inlet 304 is provided at the lowest end of the stainless straight pipe 324, and when the GAX cycle is configured, the heat transfer tube of the annular coil is positioned at the generator intermediate position and used as the GAX generator 90.

In addition, the generator 10 includes a rectifying unit 340 including a plurality of rectifying stages, and a chemical solution outlet 303 is provided outside the generator outer cylinder 320 so that the concentration moving to the lower part of the generator by the difference in concentration is low. A chemical solution, which is an ammonia solution, constituted a straight pipe 324 that moves to an absorber.

Here, a solution of ammonia heated in the generator 10 has a relatively low temperature (x ° C.) and a high ammonia concentration (X%) in the upper part of the generator due to the difference in concentration. To facilitate this, the solution is provided with a plurality of laminar flow stages so that the temperature and concentration of the solution gradually differ between the laminar flow stages, and through the straight pipe 324 where the hot chemical solution at the bottom of the generator is directed upward. While moving, the heat exchanges with the ammonia solution of the lower temperature portion of the upper portion to lower the temperature to move outside the generator 10.

At this time, the structure of the medicinal solution moving straight pipe provided in the generator 10 does not have sufficient heat exchange area as the medicinal solution of the high temperature portion rises along the laminar flow stage, so that sufficient heat exchange with the ammonia solution of the low temperature portion does not occur. Consideration should be given to the possibility of moving to the absorber and reducing its absorbent capacity.

In addition, although a pipe having a constant internal diameter was used as the inner cylinder, the installation space of the GAX generator 90 and the rectifier 340 was relatively reduced and the combustion gas moving area of the burner was relatively reduced because the installation space of the burner was needed as a heat source of the generator. There is a possibility of large thermal efficiency.

As described above, the absorption heat pump is heated by gas combustion in the generator 10 to obtain a solution (medical solution) in which ammonia, a refrigerant having a low boiling point, evaporates and ammonia concentration is reduced. This solution is sent to the absorber and the refrigerant vapor generated in the generator contains a lot of water vapor in addition to ammonia, so the ammonia purity in the rectifier 40 is further increased and sent to the condenser 110.

The concentration of the ammonia vapor is increased to about 99.8% is condensed in the condenser 110, the condensed ammonia solution is sent to the evaporator 30 is evaporated in the evaporator heat pipe to obtain a cooling effect.

The evaporated ammonia refrigerant is introduced into the absorber 100 through the refrigerant heat exchanger and absorbed by the absorption solution (medical solution) supplied to the absorber.

The heat of absorption absorbed by the absorber is released to the atmosphere by the heat exchanger.

The absorbent solution having a higher concentration in the absorber is introduced into the generator 10 through several heat exchangers for improving efficiency by a solution pump, and a cycle is configured to repeat the regeneration process and cooling is maintained through this cycle.

The above cooling cycle is carried out as follows in the present invention.

The ammonia solution level inside the generator, which consists of the inner cylinder 321 and the outer cylinder 320, is located between the upper part of the laminar flow part located in the lower part of the generator and the lower part of the GAX heat exchange coil of the GAX generator 90. The ammonia solution having a high ammonia concentration is in the state, and the ammonia solution having a low ammonia concentration is located at the bottom.

The ammonia solution is heated by the gas burner through the inner cylinder 321, the temperature of the solution rises, but the ammonia solution having a high concentration due to the difference in concentration of the ammonia solution is provided in the laminar flow stage 600. Move through and climb up. In addition, the ammonia solution having a lower concentration moves to the lower part of the laminar stage along the laminar stage opening path, so that the concentration is different for each laminar stage. In the laminar flow stage in which a plurality of laminar flow stages are stacked, the ammonia solution in the laminar flow stage located at the upper side by the flow of such ammonia solution and gas in each laminar flow stage becomes a strong solution due to the high concentration, and the ammonia concentration is low in the laminar flow stage toward the bottom At the bottom of the laminar flow, a solution of ammonia with the lowest ammonia concentration is located, and the chemical solution is introduced through the inlet of the chemical solution at the bottom of the generator coil provided at the laminar flow stage. It moves to the absorber at the pressure inside.

On the other hand, when using a GAX heat exchanger to increase the thermal efficiency in the ammonia absorption heat pump by the user's choice, the ammonia solution draws the ammonia gas from the absorber 100 by pump or ejector method by the generator pressure (1.5MPa) While passing through the heat exchange coil of the GAX generator 90 is moved to the absorber 100 is supplied to the absorber.

This is a case where the pump is used in the method of moving the fluid flowing inside the GAX heat exchange coil, and the use temperature is high so that there is no suitable driving source.

The ammonia gas vaporized by the burner heat in the generator rises and moves between the outer side of the solution supply plate 342 located at the bottom of the rectifier stage and the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and reaches the rectifier stage and rises through the solution passage provided in the rectifier stage. It moves and moves circumferentially between the rectifying stages, and continues to move upward again through the upper rectifying solution passage section.

As described above, the elevated ammonia gas moves to the condensation rectifier 520 through the pipe 523 provided on the generator, and reverses the direction of the ammonia gas moved to the inner wall surface 522 of the condensation rectifier. While passing through the condensing coil 521 in the form of a coil located to condense the water vapor of the ammonia gas containing some water vapor is rectified high purity and moves to the air-cooled cooling condenser 100.

The water vapor condensed in the condensation rectifier is in a liquid state, collected in the lower part of the condensation rectifier, and the liquid solution is supplied to the upper part of the rectifier and rectified again.

The ammonia gas moved to the condenser 100 is condensed in the condenser to become a liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant heat exchanger 80 exchanges heat with the refrigerant evaporated from the evaporator 30 and passes through the expansion valve 99 to the evaporator. To evaporate in the evaporation coil.

As the refrigerant evaporates, the evaporation coil is cooled and the heat exchange medium (water or brine) introduced from the indoor unit is sprayed on the cooling coil, and the cooled heat exchange medium is sent to the indoor unit through the heat exchanger in the evaporator coil to cool the room through the heat exchanger of the indoor unit. .

The refrigerant evaporated from the evaporator 30 moves to the absorber 100 and is absorbed by the medicinal solution sprayed on the upper part of the absorber and collected at the lower side of the absorber. The medicinal solution containing ammonia gas moves to the absorber air cooling cooling coil 104 to be cooled. As ammonia gas is dissolved in the medicinal solution, it becomes a strong solution with high ammonia concentration. In the above process, the heat absorbed by the absorber 100 releases heat to the atmosphere through heat exchange of the air-cooled cooling coil 104.

The steel solution moves to the solution pump 70, passes through the condensation coil 521 of the condensation rectifier by the pressure of the solution pump, condenses water vapor, moves to the absorber heat exchange coil, and the temperature rises through heat exchange to supply the upper portion of the rectifying part. do.

The steel solution supplied above the rectifier 340 moves downward through the solution passage part provided in the rectifier stage and moves along both circumferential paths at each rectifier stage to vaporize the ammonia gas to descend and rectify it. The ammonia solution is regenerated while being heat-exchanged with the GAX generator while being sprayed on the heat exchange coil of the GAX generator 90 in the form of a coil through a supply hole or a supply nozzle provided on the outer peripheral side of the supply stage. The upper part of the laminar flow stage 600 is regenerated again.

The combustion gas of the burner located under the generator is heated through the laminar flow part 380 under the generator and rises along the inner cylinder 321 and is exhausted through the exhaust port 350.

On the other hand, as in claim 2, it is preferable to reduce the diameter of the inner cylinder passing through the GAX generator and the rectifier serving as the combustion gas exhaust cylinder.

In the conventional case, since a pipe having a constant diameter is used as the inner cylinder of the generator, the installation space of the GAX generator and the rectifying unit is relatively reduced, and the combustion gas moving area of the burner is relatively large, which may lower thermal efficiency.

However, as in the present invention, the diameter of the generator cylinder inner cylinder and the inner cylinder passing through the GAX generator 90 and the rectifier 340, which acts as the combustion gas exhaust cylinder, that is, the shape of the combustion gas exhaust 350 is reduced to a shape. As a result, the back pressure of the combustion gas is increased to increase the thermal efficiency, and the space between the GAX generator and the rectifying unit can be relatively large. In particular, the rectifying unit 340 has the effect of increasing the rectifying space.

According to the present invention, in the first heating method of the outer wall, since the combustion chamber is provided inside the generator to have an internal heating method, a generator having a constant heating temperature distribution and high efficiency can be obtained.

Second, compared with the conventional dome type, an integrated generator which does not require a separate laminar flowr can be obtained.

Third, the ammonia solution can be classified by concentration and temperature by the laminar flow configuration of the present invention.

Fourth, it is possible to reduce the cost due to the reduction in the diameter of the generator (very advantageous for high-pressure vessel) according to the miniaturization, and the improvement of laminar flow welding work from the internal welding to the external welding.

Fifth, by improving the shape of the laminar flow stage, several generator coil pitches in one end of the laminar flow stage can be entered, thereby increasing the heat exchange area.

According to the configuration of the present invention as described above, the ammonia solution heated in the generator is moved to a lower concentration of the medicinal solution by the concentration difference, the ammonia solution is locked through the medicinal solution inlet 608 located in the lower part of the generator As it passes through the laminar flow part 380 inside the generator, sufficient heat exchange is performed with the low temperature part of the upper part, and the absorber moves to the absorber, thereby increasing heat exchange efficiency.

In addition, the back pressure of the combustion gas is increased to increase the thermal efficiency, and the space between the GAX generator and the rectifying unit can be made relatively large. In particular, the rectifying unit 340 has an effect of increasing the rectifying space.

Claims (2)

The inner cylinder 321 and the outer cylinder 320 in the form of a cylinder, the inner cylinder 321 has an exhaust port 305 in the upper portion, the combustion gas inlet 312 is opened in the lower inner cylinder 321 to the passage of the combustion gas A generator 10 for regenerating the solution; A rectifier 40 for rectifying with ammonia vapor having high purity; A condenser 110 for condensing the purified ammonia vapor in the rectifier 40; The ammonia refrigerant condensed in the condenser 110 flows into the evaporator 30, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated by receiving heat from the evaporator coil moves to the absorber 100, and flows inside the evaporator coil of the evaporator 30 to evaporate. Cold water whose temperature is lowered by taking heat into the refrigerant is an evaporator 30 used for cooling; In this evaporator 30, the expanded vaporized (refrigerant vapor) is moved to the absorber, and the ammonia solution whose concentration is lowered by vaporizing ammonia gas in the generator 10 flows into the upper part of the absorber 100 and is then dispersed on the absorber coil surface. Comprising a liquid pump, consisting of a solution pump (70) flows in the vertical direction and absorbs the ammonia vapor introduced from the evaporator to a high concentration of ammonia solution is sent to the generator 10 to form a cooling cycle; In the laminar flow stage 600 in which the generator 10 for heating the ammonia solution from the heat source is coupled to the outside of the inner cylinder 321 by the welding means, the low temperature portion of the upper part of the generator laminar flow stage 600 is provided. Generator for heat exchange The generator of the absorption type heat pump using ammonia, characterized in that the slit (601) is formed in the laminar flow stage (600) in accordance with the rotation path of the heat pipe coil (20) to be provided. The method of claim 1, wherein the GAX generator 90, which serves as a combustion gas exhaust cylinder and the inner cylinder passing through the rectifying portion is formed to reduce the diameter of the inner cylinder of the lower portion of the generator 10 of the absorption heat pump using ammonia generator.