KR100261024B1 - The fluid-manure composition for a tomato badge cultivation and the processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Culture fluid compositions for cultivating a tomato culture medium are provided to maximize the farmhouse income and to prevent environmental contamination by easily controlling the culture fluid concentration. CONSTITUTION: The culture fluid compositions are a standard solution A including 8.5wt.% of nitrogen, 26.0wt.% of K2O, 5.0wt.% of P2O5, 0.15wt.% of B2O3, 4.0wt.% of MgO, 0.2wt.% of Fe, 0.05wt.% of MnO, 0.005wt.% of Zn, 0.001wt.% of Cu, 0.0005wt.% of Mo and 0.05-1.0wt.% of water-soluble coloring agent; and a standard solution B including 11.0wt.% of nitrogen and 22wt.% of CaO. The compositions are diluted to 1/100-1/100 and processed on the underground part or the ground part of tomato plants by using 100-130% concentration for the spring cultivation, 100% concentration for the summer cultivation and 130% concentration for the winter cultivation.

Description

Nutrient composition for cultivating tomato medium and its processing method

The present invention relates to a nutrient composition for tomato culture medium and a method of treating the same, and more particularly, it is suitable for the Korean culture medium nutrient solution system and domestic climate, the technical level of varieties growers, and about 3 to 5 times cheaper than conventional culture medium. It can be supplied to farmers at a price and provides easy-to-use method by the user to reduce the foreign currency by restraining the use of fertilizer products imported from foreign countries, reduce the effort to prepare nutrient solution, and stabilize the crop by preventing misuse of fertilizer salt. The present invention relates to a nutrient solution composition for cultivating a tomato medium and a method for treating the same.

Conventional

It is common practice to grow crops on pure soil, which is unstable due to the lack of oxygen supply from roots and the reduction of adaptability to the soil due to changes in temperature and sunlight, and the soil used as soil is kaolin. (Kaolin) as a main ingredient, because it is easy to deficiency of inorganic nutrients, the problem of increasing the pollution of soil due to the abuse of chemical fertilizers used for nutritional supplementation, misuse of pesticides and herbicides and soil by gold rain, herbicide, disinfectant, etc. Due to the problem of acidifying the properties of the crops, the yield of crops was reduced and it was pointed out as an obstacle to the production.

Thus, in recent years, cultivation technology has been introduced, and this cultivation is also called hydroponic cultivation, and it is a scientific farming technique to supply various cultures containing nutrients necessary for plant growth to grow various crops. For cultivating plants without receiving, it is a solid medium cultivation, bile depending on the medium. Thin film hydroponic cultivation is well known.

Domestic nutrient cultivation developed in the form of actual production scale by the 1980s. The medium culture nutrient solution cultivation of nutrient solution cultivation in our farms is well known for its nutrient solution cultivation, but it is not well done in the farming area. This is because the initial cost of the facility has been recognized as a special farming method that only people with nutritional physiological knowledge can do.

In recent years, due to the spread of science and technology and the development of technological power, facilities can be installed at low cost, and the cultivation of nutrient solution is highly adaptable to domestic climate characteristics. At the end of '96, it exceeded 250 ha and is showing a sharp increase in the future.

However, even if the medium nutrient solution cultivation method is an advanced farming method, no special cultivation medium for crops has been developed, so it is expensive and uses foreign nutrient solution that is not suitable for domestic climate characteristics or water quality, or for rock wool cultivation or effluent water. Only the use of instrumental nutrient solution was the situation.

The use of such foreign expensive and domestic climate characteristics or unsuitable nutrient solution has increased the instability of the crops of Korean farmers and a considerable cost burden due to import dependence. As it is necessary to have the basis weight, it is a disadvantage of taking much preparation time that requires specialized skills because it depends on the cultivated crops, and the error of the preparation ratio in the case of low technology level farms has various disadvantages that cannot maximize the crop due to misuse of fertilizer salt. there was.

The present invention has been researched and developed in order to effectively solve the problems of the conventional foreign nutrient composition in consideration of the situation of our farmhouse as described above,

An object of the present invention is to provide a nutrient solution composition for cultivating a tomato medium that can provide a superior increase effect compared to the income side of the existing foreign products.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality safe and large harvest than the use of the nutrient solution of the existing foreign products to maximize the absolute foreign currency and farm income due to the suppression of foreign nutrient products.

An object of the present invention can be used to prepare only two types of product ratio when preparing a nutrient solution to provide a convenience and minimization of the preparation effort.

The purpose of the present invention is to dilute and use only two liquids containing inorganic ingredients suitable for tomato growth, and thus to prevent the misuse of fertilizer salts compared to conventional multi-fertilizer salts. It is possible to prepare and use it with confidence, thus providing the ubiquitous nutrient solution cultivation.

The object of the present invention is to adjust the two nutrient solutions according to the seasonal concentration, it is easy to control the nutrient solution concentration management compared to the existing constant concentration to reduce the cost of nutrient solution as well as to provide maximum protection against environmental pollution. Is in.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention obtains the nutrient solution composition ratio based on the plant analysis value of tomatoes grown normally under the same environmental conditions suitable for growth, and prepares them into powdered A and B product nutrient solution, but adds water-soluble pigment. According to the use to provide a method for preventing the misuse by the preparation and color identification by the dilution ratio of the A, B product nutrient solution.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

First, looking at the method for determining the concentration of the multi-element of the present invention, there are a number of methods for determining the composition of the culture medium, but the method based on the amount of elements absorbed according to the plant analysis, and the composition by the amount of water absorption (n / w) Most methods are used, and there are three opinions on determining the composition of the culture medium.

First, to make it widely applicable to various plants regardless of growth stages, such as stainer solution, Japanese raw prescription solution and Korean gardening standard solution,

Second, like the Yamazaki (Japan) prescription solution, it makes the best composition by plant and growing season.

Third, there is a method of forming a high ratio of the corresponding ions when actively absorbing a specific ingredient, such as the Japanese Shisa raw formula.

However, no matter what method or point of view, the following conditions must be met. In other words, the yield should be high, the quality of the harvest should be good, the fertilizer consumption is low, the price is low, and the high solubility can be used.

Yamazaki (山崎: 1982) ms After a variety of crops were disclosed, the concentration of the culture medium was adjusted to a level of 0.5 to 1.5 times, and then n / w (nutrient absorption rate) was measured at 1-2 weeks intervals during the growth period. A good and quantitative absorption concentration was obtained and expressed in me / l. Moisture was varied depending on sunshine, temperature, humidity, nutrient solution cultivation system, and growth stage, but nutrients were slightly changed depending on type and growth stage. the composition has to be seen that the bore crop-specific absorbent compositions of the change is not recognized, there is an equivalent absorption of positive and negative ions geonui, the absorbent composition as compared to me unit NO3 ^- -N ^- ≒ K ⁺ Ca ²⁺ + ^{, PO4 3- -P ≒ Mg 2+,} NO3 - -N -: PO4 3- -P = 3~4: a 1 degree.

In soil cultivation, the leaves, tillage, fruits and roots of well-grown plants are chemically analyzed to indicate the amount of absorption comparison required. Even if the same hardwoods and leaves are slightly different depending on the part, maturity and fertilization rate, In the case of cultivated plants, a relatively accurate amount of absorption can be measured.

Goodall and Gregory (1974) explain why lobe analysis can be an indicator of plant nutrition. Shear et al. (1946) reported that plant growth is governed by two conditions of nutrition: the balance between ion concentrations and ions, and Kenworthy (1949) found that one ion concentration is affected by another ion concentration. It was important to achieve. Thus, since all ions in the plant must be balanced to grow normally, the amount of fertilization is determined by finding the appropriate concentration of each ion in the balanced state.

In determining the optimal concentration of each ion, it is desirable to find it through extensive factor tests such as Smith (1952), but it requires much effort, expense, and time. (B1986) has been devised.

Applicants have been performing vegetable cultivation and glass greenhouse for many years to obtain the composition ratio of the new nutrient solution, and the nutrient composition ratio was calculated based on the plant analysis value of tomatoes normally grown under the same environmental conditions suitable for growth. Table 1 below. Here, the plant analysis value represents the mass of each ion in 1g of dry matter, and this analysis value was converted into me unit used for the actual nutrient composition to determine the composition ratio of the macroelement.

The absorption by the composition of the specific crop in crop there is absorption in about the same equivalent amount of positive and negative ions, as compared with the absorbent composition of me unit ^{NO3 - -N - ≒ K + +} Ca 2+, PO4 3- -P ≒ Mg 2 ^{+, NO3 - -N -: PO4} 3- -P = 3~4: Since applying the results of Table 1 to the above formula 1 degree, the N concentration is Ca (NO _{3) 2} composition, when wishing to K and Ca Since 4H ₂ O and KNO 3 fertilizer salts were used, it was automatically determined to obtain a composition ratio of NPK-Mg = 9-2-5-4-me / ℓ.

Table 2 and Figure 1 show the schematic preparation and the liquid fertilizer mixing process for the Toato diameter-specific culture medium and tomato culture medium.

In Figure 1, the dilution factor considering the solubility is up to about 250 times, but the solubility of fertilizer salts differs depending on the temperature, and the groundwater temperature does not exceed 20 ° C. The drainage is about 100-150 times, and MgSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O and Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O were dissolved separately because they precipitated when mixed.

As can be seen from Table 2 and Figure 1, there are more than 12 kinds of fertilizer salts used in the preparation of A and B stock solutions, so that misuse or preparation of fertilizer salts is required when preparing the culture solution. In order to provide the convenience of the tomato medium and citric solution cultivation product will be developed.

Applicant has commercialized the nutrient composition developed to provide convenience to domestic tomato culture farms as well as farms to be grown in the future after performing the test as described above.

That is, in the present invention, a large amount of nitrogen is 18-21%, 4-6% water-soluble phosphoric acid, 29-32% water-soluble gallic, 3-6% water-soluble goat, 21-24% water-soluble calcium, 0.1-2% microelement, It consists of a composition of 0.01 to 1.5% of a water-soluble pigment.

The present invention provides a method of treating 100 to 1000 times the dilution of the composition to the underground and above-ground parts of the plant.

The present invention is also provided to ensure the ease of nutrient solution production by matching the color of the composition with the nutrient solution tank by the water-soluble pigment during nutrient production and fertilization control.

The components used in the present invention are inorganic salts such as calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, monobasic phosphate, copper chloride, boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, iron chelate, and sodium molybdate As a result, these inorganic salts are included in the total composition by 90 to 100%.

Example 1

In order to verify the abnormality of the new nutrient solution of the present invention was tested as shown in Table 3, the results are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.

As shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 as a result of comparing the new composition concentration and the growth, yield, economical efficiency and the like with the existing nutrient solution based on the tomato plant analysis value normally grown under the same conditions (NPK- Ca-mg = 9-2-5-4-2) increased 5% to 12,599㎏ / 10a in the quantity of commodity compared to Yamazaki tomato juice, and increased 8% to 7,802 thousand won / 10a in terms of income. In terms of composition cost per ton, it was confirmed that it is an economical and efficient medium that can save 17% to 1,621 won.

Meanwhile, as a result of periodically measuring the pH and EC of the culture solution, which is one of the conditions that a suitable culture solution should be provided, which is an indicator of the proper composition of negative and positive ions, the stability was stabilized to pH 6.23 and EC 1.54 as shown in Table 6. As it is maintained, the absorption of each element in the nutrient solution is also performed smoothly.

Example 2

About 90 to 100% of the components used in the present invention are composed of inorganic salts, the use range of which may vary depending on the growth stage.

Therefore, the applicant disclosed a commercialized nutrient solution and conducted a test for life-saving life-saving test according to seasonal growth stages are shown in the spring: Table 7, summer: Table 8 Winter: Table 9, inorganic components analysis: Table 10.

As can be seen from the table above, in order to manage seasonal concentrations and varieties of cultivation of tomato medium diameter, in spring and autumn cultivation, Momotaro 1.5 ~ 2.0, Seogwang 102 and subtracted 1.5mS / cm concentration, 3 varieties for summer cultivation At the EC 1.5mS / cm concentration, the winter planting, it is desirable to manage the house Momotaro EC 1.5mS / cm, Seogwang 102 EC 2.0mS / cm, subtracting EC 2.5mS / cm.

In addition, the present applicant is to solve the difficulties of the preparation of the culture solution in consideration of the level of our farmers and to expand the localized nutrient solution culture technology to recognize the nutrient solution culture as a universal farming method of the composition of the present invention in the form of A / B agent The formulation was prepared as shown in Table 11, and the results of testing the pH, EC and solubility of the nutrient composition by the A / B agent is shown in Table 12.

According to the table, the nutrient solution according to the present invention is EC 0.9 ~ 2.8mS / cm, pH 5.9 ~ 6.6 it can be seen that it is easy to manage the nutrient solution when cultivating tomatoes in a pearlite medium, has a good solubility.

In addition, as can be seen from the above table, the crop needs 13 elements necessary for its growth, and each fertilizer salt has to be properly formed with 13 elements necessary.

That is, four types of fertilizer salts for large element composition (KNO ₃ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O, MgSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ ) and six types of fertilizer salts for trace element composition (EDTA-Fe, 10 species such as H ₃ BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ 7H ₂ O, CuSO ₄ 5HwO, NaM0O ₄ 2H ₂ O) should be dissolved in water in the amount required by the crop to form a culture solution. However, the composition of these cultures was very difficult in low-tech farms. Therefore, the disadvantage of the preparation can be easily solved by the convenience of preparation by the above-mentioned A, B products.

Looking at the convenience of such preparations in more detail below, by dissolving the appropriate amount of fertilizer salt in each amount of crops to make a culture solution and then supplying it to meet the standard EC and pH, and then supply, 1 ~ 1 per day per crop Because it requires 21 cultures, there is no problem when the area is narrow, but it is cumbersome because it requires 300 ~ 6001 of many cultures every day even if it is more than 300 pyeong. Therefore, in actual cultivation, in order to reduce the effort of preparing the culture medium, 100 concentrations of the standard culture solution originally supplied are made of high concentration liquid and passed through the liquid mixing apparatus. The 100-fold concentration of AB high concentration liquid is diluted with 100 parts of water 1: water in the course of passing through the fertilizer mixing tank, so that the standard culture liquid of the concentration that can be absorbed and used by the crop is obtained. There is no problem in the concentration of the standard culture solution here, but in high concentrations, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O and MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O will be settled as gypsum. You have to melt it. Therefore, the high concentration of the preparation should be separated by AB solution.

Here, 100-fold concentration is 1 ton of water in the _{Ca (NO 3) 2 4H 2} O when dissolved supplying 472g ground water by means crops the concentration available absorption directly and makes them with concentrated stock solution of 100 times per ton Ca (NO _{3 2} 4H ₂ O 472g × 100 times = 47.2 kg That is, 100 tons of undiluted solution is made, and the diluent is diluted to the desired concentration when passing through the liquid mixing mixer.

As described in detail above, the present invention has the following effects.

First, the increase effect (119%): Compared with the existing Yamazaki (Japan) tomato juice, the result was increased by 5% to 12,599㎏ / 10a, and increased by 8% to 7,802 thousand won / 10a in terms of income.

Second, nutrient solution effort reduction (5 to 6 times): 10 to 12 sets of fertilizer salts should be prepared after the basis weight in the conventional nutrient solution, but when using the present invention only A and B two kinds of product fertilizers drastically reduced the effort to prepare nutrient solution do.

Third, prevention of misuse of fertilizer salts: Since only A / B liquids containing inorganic ingredients suitable for tomato growth need to be diluted, misuse of fertilizer salts can be prevented compared to conventional nutrient preparations that use various types of fertilizer salts. Even beginner farmers can use it with peace of mind so that cultivation of nutrient solution can be universalized.

Fourth, avoiding dependence on foreign product nutrient solution: It is possible to reduce foreign currency by suppressing the use of foreign product nutrient solution introduced with both sides and imported equipment. The invention can reduce the production cost of one ton to less than 5,000 won (21.2 billion won / year for the application of 121ha of tomato area).

Fifth, easy to manage nutrient solution concentration: It is easier to manage nutrient solution concentration than the conventional method because it is prepared by adding or subtracting A and B stocks according to seasonal concentration, and it can reduce nutrient solution cost and reduce environmental pollution compared to managing at a constant concentration. .

Claims (2)

In the medium culture composition of tomato, the standard solution A is 8.5% by weight of nitrogen (TN), 26.0% by weight of water-soluble garlic (K ₂ O), 5.0% by weight of water-soluble phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), water-soluble boron (B ₂ O ₃ ) 0.15% by weight, 4.0% by weight of water-soluble goblet (MgO), 0.2% by weight of water-soluble iron (Fe), 0.05% by weight of water-soluble manganese (MnO), 0.005% by weight of water-soluble zinc (Zn), 0.001% by weight of water-soluble copper (Cu), A water-soluble molybdenum (Mo) of 0.0005% by weight, water-soluble pigment 0.05 ~ 1.0% by weight, the standard solution V agent consists of 11.0% by weight of nitrogen (TN), 22% by weight of water-soluble calcium (CaO) nutrient solution for tomato culture medium Composition. Diluting the composition of claim 1 100 to 1000 times, the tomato is characterized in that it is treated at 100-130% concentration for spring cultivation, 100% concentration for summer cultivation, 130% concentration for winter cultivation Process for treating nutrient solution composition for culture medium.