KR100261023B1 - The fluid-manure composition for a cucumber badge cultivation and the processing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Culture fluid compositions for cultivating a cucumber culture medium are provided to maximize the farmhouse income and to prevent environmental contamination by easily controlling the culture fluid concentration. CONSTITUTION: The culture fluid compositions are a standard solution A including 9.5wt.% of nitrogen, 29.5wt.% of K2O, 4.0wt.% of P2O5, 0.12wt.% of B2O3, 3.5wt.% of MgO, 0.2wt.% of Fe, 0.05wt.% of MnO, 0.004wt.% of Zn, 0.001wt.% of Cu, 0.05wt.% of Mo and 0.05-1.0wt.% of water-soluble coloring agent; and a standard solution B including 11.0wt.% of nitrogen and 22.0wt.% of CaO. The compositions are diluted to 1/100-1/100 and processed on the underground part or the ground part of cucumber plants by using 100% concentration for the spring cultivation, 80% concentration for the summer and the fall cultivation and 120% concentration for the winter cultivation.

Description

Cucumber culture medium composition and treatment method

The present invention relates to a nutrient solution composition for cucumber culture and a method of treating the same, more specifically, it is suitable for the Korean culture medium nutrient solution culture system, domestic climate, varieties, and the technical level of growers, and is about 3 to 5 times higher than conventional culture. It can be distributed to farmhouses at low prices and provides easy-to-use method by the user, thereby reducing foreign currency by restraining the use of fertilizer products imported from foreign countries, reducing efforts to prepare nutrient solution, and stabilizing crops by preventing pollution of fertilizer salts. It relates to a nutrient solution composition for cultivating cucumber medium and a method of treating the same.

Conventional crop cultivation method is to cultivate in pure soil. This cultivation method is unstable due to the lack of oxygen supply of roots and the change of crop's adaptability due to the change of temperature and sunshine, and the soil used as soil Its main ingredient is kaolin, which is easily deficient in inorganic nutrients, which causes the problems of increasing soil pollution due to the abuse of chemical fertilizers used for nutritional supplementation, misuse of pesticides and herbicides, Due to the problem of acidifying soil properties, crop yields have been reduced, which has been pointed out as an obstacle to crop production.

Thus, in recent years, cultivation technology has been introduced, and this cultivation is also called hydroponic cultivation, and it is a scientific farming technique to supply various cultures containing nutrients necessary for plant growth to grow various crops. For cultivating plants without receiving, it is well known as a solid medium cultivation, bile solution, thin film hydroponic cultivation depending on the medium.

Domestic nutrient cultivation developed in the form of actual production scale by the 1980s. This medium culture nutrient solution method is well known for the needs and benefits of nutrient solution cultivation in Korean farms, but it has not been well enlarged due to the avoidance of diseases and soil-infectious diseases, the production of high-quality clean vegetables, and the avoidance of malignant labor due to the pleasant environment. This is because the initial cost of the facility has been recognized as a special farming method that only people with nutritional physiological knowledge can do.

In recent years, due to the spread of science and technology and the development of technological power, facilities can be installed at low cost, and the cultivation of nutrient solutions has a good response from the cultivators. 'At the end of 1996, it exceeded 250 ha and is showing a sharp increase in the future.

However, even if the medium nutrient solution cultivation method is an advanced farming method, it is expensive to use foreign nutrient solution that is expensive and not suitable for domestic climate characteristics or water quality because it has not been developed for cultivation medium for each crop. Only the use of instrumental nutrient solution was the situation.

The use of nutrient solution, which is expensive in foreign countries and not suitable for domestic climate characteristics and water quality, has increased the cost burden due to the instability of crops and income dependence of Korean farmers. Since fertilizer salts must be weighed, many preparation time and disadvantages required by specialized crops, depending on the cultivated crops, and in the case of farms with low technical level, errors in the preparation ratio can lead to misuse of the crops. There was this.

The present invention has been researched and developed in order to effectively solve the problems of the conventional foreign nutrient composition in consideration of the circumstances of our farmhouse as described above, the object of the present invention is increased more than the amount of income compared to the amount of conventional foreign products The present invention provides a nutrient solution composition for cucumber culture that can provide an effect.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality and safe harvest of high quality than the use of nutrient solution of the existing foreign products, and to maximize foreign currency reduction and farm income due to suppression of foreign nutrient products.

It is an object of the present invention to provide only two types of product fertilizers for the preparation of nutrient solution, thereby providing convenience of nutrient preparation and minimization of preparation effort.

The purpose of the present invention is to dilute and use only two liquids containing inorganic ingredients suitable for growing cucumbers, and thus to prevent the misuse of fertilizer salts compared to conventional multi-fertilizer salts. The present invention provides a generalization of nutrient solution cultivation by the convenience of use because it can be prepared and used safely.

The purpose of the present invention is to adjust and use two nutrient solutions according to the seasonal concentration of the nutrient solution is easy to manage the concentration of nutrient solution compared to the existing constant concentration management to provide the maximum prevention of environmental pollution as well as reducing the cost have.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention obtains the nutrient solution composition ratio based on the plant analysis values of cucumbers grown normally under the same environmental conditions suitable for growth, and separately prepares them into powder A and B product nutrient solutions, but adds water-soluble pigment. According to the use of the A, B to provide a method for preventing the misuse of the preparation and preparation by the dilution ratio of the nutrient solution.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

First, looking at the method for determining the concentration of multi-element of the present invention, there are a number of methods for determining the composition of the culture medium, but the method based on the amount of elements absorbed according to the analysis of the plant, and the composition based on the water absorption rate (n / w) Most methods are used, and there are three opinions on determining the composition of the culture medium.

First, it can be widely used regardless of the stage of growth for various plants, such as Steiner solution, Japan's raw prescription solution, and Korean horticulture standard solution. Second, plant-specific, like Yamazaki (Japan) solution, It is the method to make the best composition according to the growing season by determining the amount of amniotic fluid absorbed by each crop, and thirdly, to increase the ratio of the corresponding ions when actively absorbing specific ingredients like the Japanese New Prescription Formula. How to do it.

Regardless of the methods or views mentioned above, however, appropriately formulated cultures must meet the following conditions: That is, the yield, the quality of the harvest should be good, the consumption of fertilizer is low, cheap, high solubility can be used, and the composition of the crop during the growing period of the change of the concentration will be less.

Yajanzaki (山崎: 1982) disclosed several crops, adjusted the concentration of the culture medium to 0.5 ~ 1.5 times, and then measured n / w (nutrient absorption rate) at 1-2 weeks intervals during the growing period. The highest and best water absorption concentration was obtained and expressed as me / l. Moisture was changed according to sunshine, temperature, humidity, nutrient cultivation system, and growth stage. even if the composition has to be seen that the bore crop-specific absorbent compositions of the change is not recognized, there is absorption in about the same equivalent of the positive and negative ions, as compared with the absorbent composition of me unit NO3 ^- -N ^- ≒ K ⁺ Ca + ^{2 +} , PO4 ^3- -P ^{Mg 2+, NO 3- -N -:} PO4 3- -P = 3~4: a 1 degree.

During soil cultivation, the leaves, tillage, fruits and roots of well-grown plants are chemically divided to indicate the required amount of fertilizer.The same hardwood and leaf are slightly different depending on the part, maturity and fertilizer. In the case of cultivated plants, a relatively accurate amount of absorption can be measured.

Goodall and Gregory (1974) explain why lobe analysis can be an indicator of plant nutrition. Shear et al. (1946) reported that plant growth is governed by two conditions of nutrition: the balance between ion concentrations and ions, and Kenworthy (1949) also balance each other because one ion concentration is affected by another ion concentration. It was important to achieve. Thus, since all ions in the plant must be balanced to grow normally, the amount of fertilization is determined by finding the appropriate concentration of each ion in the balanced state.

In determining the optimal concentration of each ion, it is desirable to find it through extensive factor tests such as Smith (1952), but it requires much effort, expense, and time. Doing research ( 木: 1986).

Applicant has been conducted in vegetable cultivation and glass greenhouse for many years to obtain the composition ratio of the new nutrient solution, and obtained the nutrient solution composition ratio based on the plant analysis of cucumbers normally grown under the same environmental conditions suitable for growth. Table 1 below. Here, the plant analysis value represents the mass of each ion in 1g of dry matter, and this analysis value was converted into me unit used for the actual nutrient composition to determine the composition ratio of macroelements.

The absorption by the composition of the specific crop in crop there is absorption in about the same equivalent of the positive and negative ions, as compared with the absorbent composition of me unit ^{NO3 - -N - ≒ K + +} Ca 2+, PO4 3- -P ≒ Mg 2 ^{+, No3 - -N -: PO4} 3- -P = 3~4: 1 degree, so apply the results of Table 1 to the above formula and the N concentration when wishing compositions K and Ca Ca (NO _{3) 2} 4H _{Since 2} O and KNO ₃ fertilizer salts were used, it was automatically determined to obtain a composition ratio of NPK-Ca-Mg = 12-2-7-5-2me / l.

Table 2 and Figure 1 show the crude liquid preparation and the liquid fertilizer mixing process for cucumber culture medium and cucumber culture medium.

[Figure 1]

In Figure 1, the dilution factor considering the solubility is up to about 250 times, but the solubility of fertilizer salts differs depending on the temperature, and the groundwater temperature does not exceed 20 ° C. The drainage is about 100-150 times, and MgSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O and Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O were dissolved separately because they precipitated when mixed.

As can be seen from Table 2 and Figure 1, the types of fertilizer salts used in the preparation of A and B stock solutions are more than 12 types, respectively, and thus the misuse or preparation of fertilizer salts is required when preparing the culture solution. In order to provide convenience, it is to develop a culture medium for cucumber cultured hard and light liquid culture.

Applicant has commercialized the nutrient composition developed to provide convenience to domestic cucumber culture farms as well as farms to be grown in the future after performing the test as described above.

That is, the present invention is a large element and a trace element of 18-22% nitrogen, 3-5% water-soluble phosphoric acid, 28-31% water-soluble kali, 3-5% water-soluble kaolin, 21-24% water-soluble calcium, It consists of a composition of 0.01 to 1.5% of water-soluble pigment.

The present invention provides a method of treating 100 to 1000 times the dilution of the composition to the underground and above-ground parts of the plant.

The present invention is also provided to ensure the ease of nutrient solution production by matching the color of the composition with the nutrient solution tank by the water-soluble pigment during nutrient production and fertilization control.

The components used in the present invention are inorganic salts such as calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, monobasic phosphate, calcium chloride, boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, iron chelate, sodium molybdate, etc. As a result, these inorganic salts are included in the total composition by 90 to 100%.

Example 1

In order to verify the abnormality of the new nutrient solution of the present invention was tested as shown in Table 3, the results are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.

As shown in Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5, as a result of comparing the freshness concentration based on the cucumber plant analysis values normally grown under the same conditions and the growth, yield, and economics of the existing nutrient solutions, Ca-Mg = 12-22-7-5-2) The amount of commodity increased by 19% to 10,230kg / 10a compared to Yamazaki cucumber, and increased 35% to 5,911 won / 10a in terms of income. In terms of composition cost per ton, it was confirmed that it is an economical and efficient medium that can save 17% to 1,162 won.

Meanwhile, as a result of periodically measuring the pH and EC of the culture solution, which is one of the conditions that a suitable culture solution should be provided, which is a measure of the proper composition of negative and positive ions, the stability was stabilized to pH 6.62 and EC 1.94 as shown in Table 6. As it is maintained, the absorption of each element in the nutrient solution is also performed smoothly.

Example 2

About 90 to 100% of the components used in the present invention are composed of inorganic salts, and the use range thereof may vary depending on growth stage.

Therefore, the applicant disclosed a commercialized nutrient solution and carried out a test to examine seasonal red concentrations, and are shown as Spring: Table 7, Summer: Table 8, Autumn: Table 9, Winter: Table 10.

As can be seen from the table above, there was no difference in growth and yield according to the concentrations in the spring test, but the yield was good in the low farming tools (EC 1.6 ~ 1.7) in the summer and autumn tests. EC 2.3-2.4) shows good growth and yield, so the seasonal concentration of nutrient management during cucumber culture and nutrient solution cultivation is EC 2.0-2.3 in spring and EC 2.3-2.4 in winter. Appeared.

In addition, the present applicant is to solve the difficulties of the preparation of the culture solution in consideration of the level of our farmers and to expand the localized nutrient cultivation technology to recognize the nutrient cultivation as a universal farming method of the composition of the present invention powder A, B agent The formulation was prepared and the composition ratio is shown in Table 11, and the results of testing the pH, EC and solubility of the nutrient composition by the A, B agents are shown in Table 12.

According to the above table, the nutrient solution according to the present invention is EC 1.0-3.2mS / cm, pH5.9-6.2, and it can be seen that the nutrient solution is easy to manage and the solubility is good when the cucumber is grown in a pearlite medium. .

In addition, as can be seen from the above table, the crop needs 13 elements necessary for its growth, and each fertilizer salt has to be properly formed with 13 elements necessary.

That is, four types of fertilizer salts for large element composition (KNO ₃ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O, MgSO ₄ , 7H ₂ O, NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ ) and six types of fertilizer salts for trace element composition (EDTA-Fe, 10 kinds of H ₃ BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ 4H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ 7H ₂ O, CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O, NaM ₀ O ₄ 2H ₂ O) must be dissolved in water in the amount required by the crop to form a culture solution. will be. However, the composition of these cultures was very difficult in low-tech farms. Therefore, the disadvantages of such preparation can be easily solved by the convenience of preparation by the above-mentioned A, B products.

Looking at the convenience of such preparations in more detail below, by dissolving the appropriate amount of fertilizer salt in each amount of water to make a culture solution and confirming that it meets the standard EC and pH, and then supply, 1 ~ 21 per day per crop If you have a small area because there is no need for a culture, but more than 300 pyeong every day 300 to 6001 a large number of cultures must be made, so it is inconvenient. Therefore, in actual cultivation, in order to reduce the effort of preparing the culture solution, a high concentration of 100 concentrations of the standard culture solution originally supplied is made and passed through the liquid mixing apparatus. The 100-fold high concentrations of A and B are passed through the liquid fertilizer in the process of dilution with 100 parts of the original solution 1: water, which is the standard culture solution that can be absorbed and used by crops. There is no problem in the concentration of the standard culture solution here, but in high concentrations, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O and MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O will be settled as gypsum. You have to melt it. Therefore, when preparing a high concentration solution should be separated into A, B solution.

Here, 100-fold concentration is 1 ton of water in the _{Ca (NO 3) 2 4H 2} O when dissolved supplying 472g ground water by means crops the concentration available absorption directly and makes them with concentrated stock solution of 100 times per ton Ca (NO _{3 2} 4H ₂ O 472g × 100 times = 47.2kg In other words, 100 tons of undiluted solution is prepared, and the diluent is diluted to the concentration desired by the grower.

In addition, to prevent misuse, adding water-soluble pigments to the nutrient solution of A and B products to match the color of the nutrient solution tank. . As a result, the cucumber medium-cultivated farmers can supply accurate fertilizer salts by using the present invention, which is commercialized as two kinds, and it is expected that the nutrient solution cost can be reduced as well as high-quality safety by seasonal nutrient solution concentration management.

As described in detail above, the present invention has the following effects.

First, the increase effect (119%): 10,23kg compared with the existing Yamazaki (Japanese) cucumber nutrient solution. It increased by 19% to 10a, and increased by 35% to 5,911 won / 10a in terms of income.

Second, nutrient solution effort reduction (5 to 6 times): 10 to 12 types of fertilizer salts should be prepared after the basis weight in the existing nutrient solution manufacturing, but only two product fertilizers A and B when using the present invention, nutrient solution efforts Significantly reduced.

Third, to prevent the misuse of fertilizer salts: Since only A and B liquids containing inorganic ingredients suitable for growing cucumbers need to be diluted, misuse of fertilizer salts can be prevented compared to conventional nutrient preparations using a variety of fertilizer salts. Even beginner farmers can use it with peace of mind so that cultivation of nutrient solution can be universalized.

Fourth, avoiding dependence on foreign product nutrient solution: It is possible to save foreign currency by suppressing the use of foreign product nutrient solution introduced with both sides of imports and equipment, and the effect of import substitution of foreign product cultivation solution, that is, existing foreign products cost 12,000 ~ 24,000 won. The invention reduces the production cost of one ton to 5000 or less (64 billion won per year for 35 ha of oil surface area).

Fifth, easy management of nutrient solution concentration: It is easier to manage nutrient solution concentration than the conventional method because it is prepared by adding or subtracting A and B stock solutions according to seasonal concentration, and it can reduce nutrient solution cost and reduce environmental pollution compared to managing at a constant concentration. .

Claims (2)

In the culture medium composition of cucumber, the standard solution A is 9.5% by weight of nitrogen (TN), 29.5% by weight of water-soluble garlic (K ₂ O), 4.0% by weight of water-soluble phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), water-soluble boron (B ₂ O ₃ ) 0.12% by weight, 3.5% by weight of water-soluble goblet (MgO), 0.2% by weight of water-soluble iron (Fe), 0.05% by weight of water-soluble manganese (MnO), 0.004% by weight of water-soluble zinc (Zn), 0.001% by weight of water-soluble copper (Cu), A nutrient solution for cultivating cucumber medium, characterized in that the water-soluble molybdenum (Mo) is 0.05% by weight, the water-soluble pigment 0.05 ~ 1.0% by weight, the standard solution B comprises 11.0% by weight of nitrogen (TN), 22.0% by weight of water-soluble calcium (CaO). Composition. Diluting the composition of claim 1 to 100-1000 times, the cucumber is characterized in that it is treated at 100% concentration for the spring cultivation, 80% concentration for the lower and autumn cultivation, 120% concentration for the winter cultivation Process for treating nutrient solution composition for culture medium.